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<h1 id="crawling-with-proxies">Crawling with Proxies<a class="headerlink" href="#crawling-with-proxies" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>Browser Crawler supports crawling through HTTP and SOCKS5 proxies, including through a SOCKS5 proxy over an SSH tunnel.</p>
<p>To specify a proxy, the <code>PROXY_SERVER</code> environment variable or <code>--proxyServer</code> CLI flag can be passed in.
If both are provided, the <code>--proxyServer</code> CLI flag will take precedence.</p>
<p>The proxy server can be specified as a <code>http://</code>, <code>socks5://</code>, or <code>ssh://</code> URL.</p>
<h3 id="http-proxies">HTTP Proxies<a class="headerlink" href="#http-proxies" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>To crawl through an HTTP proxy running at <code>http://path-to-proxy-host.example.com:9000</code>, run the crawler with:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/crawls/:/crawls/<span class="w"> </span>-e<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PROXY_SERVER</span><span class="o">=</span>http://path-to-proxy-host.example.com:9000<span class="w"> </span>webrecorder/browsertrix-crawler<span class="w"> </span>crawl<span class="w"> </span>--url<span class="w"> </span>https://example.com/
</code></pre></div>
<p>or</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/crawls/:/crawls/<span class="w"> </span>webrecorder/browsertrix-crawler<span class="w"> </span>crawl<span class="w"> </span>--url<span class="w"> </span>https://example.com/<span class="w"> </span>--proxyServer<span class="w"> </span>http://path-to-proxy-host.example.com:9000<span class="w"> </span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>The crawler <em>does not</em> support authentication for HTTP proxies, as that is not supported by the browser.</p>
<p>(For backwards compatibility with crawler 0.x, <code>PROXY_HOST</code> and <code>PROXY_PORT</code> environment variables can be used to specify an HTTP proxy instead of <code>PROXY_SERVER</code>
which takes precedence if provided).</p>
<h3 id="socks5-proxies">SOCKS5 Proxies<a class="headerlink" href="#socks5-proxies" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>To use a SOCKS5 proxy running at <code>path-to-proxy-host.example.com:9001</code>, run the crawler with:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/crawls/:/crawls/<span class="w"> </span>-e<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PROXY_SERVER</span><span class="o">=</span>socks5://path-to-proxy-host.example.com:9001<span class="w"> </span>webrecorder/browsertrix-crawler<span class="w"> </span>crawl<span class="w"> </span>--url<span class="w"> </span>https://example.com/
</code></pre></div>
<p>The crawler <em>does</em> support password authentication for SOCKS5 proxies, which can be provided as <code>user:password</code> in the proxy URL:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>docker<span class="w"> </span>run-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/crawls/:/crawls/<span class="w"> </span>-e<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PROXY_SERVER</span><span class="o">=</span>socks5://user:password@path-to-proxy-host.example.com:9001<span class="w"> </span>webrecorder/browsertrix-crawler<span class="w"> </span>crawl<span class="w"> </span>--url<span class="w"> </span>https://example.com/
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="ssh-proxies">SSH Proxies<a class="headerlink" href="#ssh-proxies" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Starting with 1.3.0, the crawler also supports crawling through an SOCKS5 that is established over an SSH tunnel, via <code>ssh -D</code>.
With this option, the crawler can SSH into a remote machine that has SSH and port forwarding enabled and crawl through that machine's network.</p>
<p>To use this proxy, the private SSH key file must be provided via <code>--sshProxyPrivateKeyFile</code> CLI flag.</p>
<p>The private key and public host key should be mounted as volumes into a path in the container, as shown below.</p>
<p>For example, to connect via SSH to host <code>path-to-ssh-host.example.com</code> as user <code>user</code> with private key stored in <code>./my-proxy-private-key</code>, run:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/crawls/:/crawls/<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/my-proxy-private-key:/tmp/private-key<span class="w"> </span>webrecorder/browsertrix-crawler<span class="w"> </span>crawl<span class="w"> </span>--url<span class="w"> </span>https://httpbin.org/ip<span class="w"> </span>--proxyServer<span class="w"> </span>ssh://user@path-to-ssh-host.example.com<span class="w"> </span>--sshProxyPrivateKeyFile<span class="w"> </span>/tmp/private-key
</code></pre></div>
<p>To also provide the host public key (eg. <code>./known_hosts</code> file) for additional verification, run:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/crawls/:/crawls/<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/my-proxy-private-key:/tmp/private-key<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/known_hosts:/tmp/known_hosts<span class="w"> </span>webrecorder/browsertrix-crawler<span class="w"> </span>crawl<span class="w"> </span>--url<span class="w"> </span>https://httpbin.org/ip<span class="w"> </span>--proxyServer<span class="w"> </span>ssh://user@path-to-ssh-host.example.com<span class="w"> </span>--sshProxyPrivateKeyFile<span class="w"> </span>/tmp/private-key<span class="w"> </span>--sshProxyKnownHostsFile<span class="w"> </span>/tmp/known_hosts
</code></pre></div>
<p>The host key will only be checked if provided in a file via: <code>--sshProxyKnownHostsFile</code>.</p>
<p>A custom SSH port can be provided with <code>--proxyServer ssh://user@path-to-ssh-host.example.com:2222</code>, otherwise the
connection will be attempted via the default SSH port (port 22).</p>
<p>The SSH connection establishes a tunnel on a local port in the container (9722) which will forward inbound/outbound traffic through the remote proxy.
The <code>autossh</code> utility is used to automatically restart the SSH connection, if needed.</p>
<p>Only key-based authentication is supposed for SSH proxies for now.</p>
<h2 id="browser-profiles">Browser Profiles<a class="headerlink" href="#browser-profiles" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The above proxy settings also apply to <a href="../browser-profiles/">Browser Profile Creation</a>, and browser profiles can also be created using proxies, for example:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>-p<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">6080</span>:6080<span class="w"> </span>-p<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9223</span>:9223<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/crawls/profiles:/crawls/profiles<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/my-proxy-private-key:/tmp/private-key<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/known_hosts:/tmp/known_hosts<span class="w"> </span>webrecorder/browsertrix-crawler<span class="w"> </span>create-login-profile<span class="w"> </span>--url<span class="w"> </span>https://example.com/<span class="w"> </span>--proxyServer<span class="w"> </span>ssh://user@path-to-ssh-host.example.com<span class="w"> </span>--sshProxyPrivateKeyFile<span class="w"> </span>/tmp/private-key<span class="w"> </span>--sshProxyKnownHostsFile<span class="w"> </span>/tmp/known_hosts
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="host-specific-proxies">Host-Specific Proxies<a class="headerlink" href="#host-specific-proxies" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>With the 1.7.0 release, the crawler also supports running with multiple proxies, defined in a separate proxy YAML config file. The file contains a match hosts section, matching hosts by regex to named proxies.</p>
<p>For example, the following YAML file can be passed to <code>--proxyConfigFile</code> option:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="nt">matchHosts</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># load all URLs from example.com through &#39;example-1-proxy&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">example.com/.*</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example-1-proxy</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># load all URLS from https://my-social.example.com/.*/posts/ through</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># a different proxy</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">https://my-social.example.com/.*/posts/</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">social-proxy</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># optional default proxy</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">default-proxy</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="nt">proxies</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># SOCKS5 proxy just needs a URL</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">example-1-proxy</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">socks5://username:password@my-socks-5-proxy.example.com</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># SSH proxy also should have at least a &#39;privateKeyFile&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">social-proxy</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">url</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ssh://user@my-social-proxy.example.com</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">privateKeyFile</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/proxies/social-proxy-private-key</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># optional</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">publicHostsFile</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/proxies/social-proxy-public-hosts</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">default-proxy</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">url</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ssh://user@my-social-proxy.example.com</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">privateKeyFile</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/proxies/default-proxy-private-key</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>If the above config is stored in <code>./proxies/proxyConfig.yaml</code> along with the SSH private keys and known public hosts
files, the crawler can be started with:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/crawls:/crawls<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$PWD</span>/proxies:/proxies<span class="w"> </span>-it<span class="w"> </span>webrecorder/browsertrix-crawler<span class="w"> </span>--url<span class="w"> </span>https://example.com/<span class="w"> </span>--proxyServerConfig<span class="w"> </span>/proxies/proxyConfig.yaml
</code></pre></div>
<p>Note that if SSH proxies are provided, an SSH tunnel must be opened for each one before the crawl starts.
The crawl will not start if any of the SSH proxy connections fail, even if a host-specific proxy is not actually used.
SOCKS5 and HTTP proxy connections are attempted only on first use.</p>
<p>The same <code>--proxyServerConfig</code> option can also be used in browser profile creation with the <code>create-login-profile</code> command in the same way.</p>
<h3 id="proxy-precedence">Proxy Precedence<a class="headerlink" href="#proxy-precedence" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>If both <code>--proxyServerConfig</code> and <code>--proxyServer</code>/<code>PROXY_SERVER</code> env var are specified, the <code>--proxyServerConfig</code> option takes precedence on matching hosts. To have the single <code>--proxyServer</code> option always take precedence instead, pass the <code>--proxyServerPreferSingleProxy</code> option.</p>
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