cpython/Doc/c-api/weakref.rst

.. highlight:: c

.. _weakrefobjects:

Weak Reference Objects
----------------------

Python supports *weak references* as first-class objects.  There are two
specific object types which directly implement weak references.  The first is a
simple reference object, and the second acts as a proxy for the original object
as much as it can.


.. c:function:: int PyWeakref_Check(PyObject *ob)

   Return non-zero if *ob* is either a reference or proxy object.  This function
   always succeeds.


.. c:function:: int PyWeakref_CheckRef(PyObject *ob)

   Return non-zero if *ob* is a reference object.  This function always succeeds.


.. c:function:: int PyWeakref_CheckProxy(PyObject *ob)

   Return non-zero if *ob* is a proxy object.  This function always succeeds.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyWeakref_NewRef(PyObject *ob, PyObject *callback)

   Return a weak reference object for the object *ob*.  This will always return
   a new reference, but is not guaranteed to create a new object; an existing
   reference object may be returned.  The second parameter, *callback*, can be a
   callable object that receives notification when *ob* is garbage collected; it
   should accept a single parameter, which will be the weak reference object
   itself. *callback* may also be ``None`` or ``NULL``.  If *ob* is not a
   weakly referencable object, or if *callback* is not callable, ``None``, or
   ``NULL``, this will return ``NULL`` and raise :exc:`TypeError`.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyWeakref_NewProxy(PyObject *ob, PyObject *callback)

   Return a weak reference proxy object for the object *ob*.  This will always
   return a new reference, but is not guaranteed to create a new object; an
   existing proxy object may be returned.  The second parameter, *callback*, can
   be a callable object that receives notification when *ob* is garbage
   collected; it should accept a single parameter, which will be the weak
   reference object itself. *callback* may also be ``None`` or ``NULL``.  If *ob*
   is not a weakly referencable object, or if *callback* is not callable,
   ``None``, or ``NULL``, this will return ``NULL`` and raise :exc:`TypeError`.


.. c:function:: int PyWeakref_GetRef(PyObject *ref, PyObject **pobj)

   Get a :term:`strong reference` to the referenced object from a weak
   reference, *ref*, into *\*pobj*.

   * On success, set *\*pobj* to a new :term:`strong reference` to the
     referenced object and return 1.
   * If the reference is dead, set *\*pobj* to ``NULL`` and return 0.
   * On error, raise an exception and return -1.

   .. versionadded:: 3.13


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyWeakref_GetObject(PyObject *ref)

   Return a :term:`borrowed reference` to the referenced object from a weak
   reference, *ref*.  If the referent is no longer live, returns ``Py_None``.

   .. note::

      This function returns a :term:`borrowed reference` to the referenced object.
      This means that you should always call :c:func:`Py_INCREF` on the object
      except when it cannot be destroyed before the last usage of the borrowed
      reference.

   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
      Use :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT(PyObject *ref)

   Similar to :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject`, but does no error checking.

   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
      Use :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead.


.. c:function:: void PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(PyObject *object)

   This function is called by the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler
   to clear weak references.

   This iterates through the weak references for *object* and calls callbacks
   for those references which have one. It returns when all callbacks have
   been attempted.