cpython/Python/executor_cases.c.h

// This file is generated by Tools/cases_generator/generate_cases.py
// from:
//   Python/bytecodes.c
// Do not edit!

        case NOP: {
            break;
        }

        case RESUME: {
            assert(frame == tstate->current_frame);
            /* Possibly combine this with eval breaker */
            if (_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version != tstate->interp->monitoring_version) {
                int err = _Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp);
                if (err) goto error;
                #if TIER_ONE
                next_instr--;
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                goto deoptimize;
                #endif
            }
            else if (oparg < 2) {
                CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            }
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_FAST_CHECK: {
            PyObject *value;
            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            if (value == NULL) goto unbound_local_error;
            Py_INCREF(value);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_FAST: {
            PyObject *value;
            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            assert(value != NULL);
            Py_INCREF(value);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR: {
            PyObject *value;
            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            // do not use SETLOCAL here, it decrefs the old value
            GETLOCAL(oparg) = NULL;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_CONST: {
            PyObject *value;
            value = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
            Py_INCREF(value);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            break;
        }

        case STORE_FAST: {
            PyObject *value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case POP_TOP: {
            PyObject *value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            Py_DECREF(value);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case PUSH_NULL: {
            PyObject *res;
            res = NULL;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case END_SEND: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *receiver;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
            Py_DECREF(receiver);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            break;
        }

        case UNARY_NEGATIVE: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            res = PyNumber_Negative(value);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case UNARY_NOT: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(PyBool_Check(value));
            res = Py_IsFalse(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case TO_BOOL: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            _PyToBoolCache *cache = (_PyToBoolCache *)next_instr;
            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache->counter)) {
                next_instr--;
                _Py_Specialize_ToBool(value, next_instr);
                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
            }
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, deferred);
            DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            int err = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
            res = err ? Py_True : Py_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case TO_BOOL_BOOL: {
            PyObject *value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyBool_Check(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            break;
        }

        case TO_BOOL_INT: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)value)) {
                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
                res = Py_False;
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(value);
                res = Py_True;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case TO_BOOL_LIST: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            res = Py_SIZE(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            Py_DECREF(value);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case TO_BOOL_NONE: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            // This one is a bit weird, because we expect *some* failures:
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IsNone(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            res = Py_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case TO_BOOL_STR: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            if (value == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
                res = Py_False;
            }
            else {
                assert(Py_SIZE(value));
                Py_DECREF(value);
                res = Py_True;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            uint32_t version = (uint32_t)operand;
            // This one is a bit weird, because we expect *some* failures:
            assert(version);
            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(value)->tp_version_tag != version, TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            res = Py_True;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case UNARY_INVERT: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            res = PyNumber_Invert(value);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case _GUARD_BOTH_INT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            break;
        }

        case _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
            res = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case _BINARY_OP_ADD_INT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
            res = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
            res = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            break;
        }

        case _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
            double dres =
                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval *
                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
            DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case _BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
            double dres =
                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval +
                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
            DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
            double dres =
                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval -
                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
            DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            break;
        }

        case _BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
            res = PyUnicode_Concat(left, right);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case BINARY_SUBSCR: {
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *container;
            PyObject *res;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            container = stack_pointer[-2];
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            _PyBinarySubscrCache *cache = (_PyBinarySubscrCache *)next_instr;
            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache->counter)) {
                next_instr--;
                _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
            }
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, deferred);
            DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            res = PyObject_GetItem(container, sub);
            Py_DECREF(container);
            Py_DECREF(sub);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case BINARY_SLICE: {
            PyObject *stop;
            PyObject *start;
            PyObject *container;
            PyObject *res;
            stop = stack_pointer[-1];
            start = stack_pointer[-2];
            container = stack_pointer[-3];
            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF() here, because we haven't
            // DECREF'ed container yet, and we still own slice.
            if (slice == NULL) {
                res = NULL;
            }
            else {
                res = PyObject_GetItem(container, slice);
                Py_DECREF(slice);
            }
            Py_DECREF(container);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(2);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case STORE_SLICE: {
            PyObject *stop;
            PyObject *start;
            PyObject *container;
            PyObject *v;
            stop = stack_pointer[-1];
            start = stack_pointer[-2];
            container = stack_pointer[-3];
            v = stack_pointer[-4];
            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
            int err;
            if (slice == NULL) {
                err = 1;
            }
            else {
                err = PyObject_SetItem(container, slice, v);
                Py_DECREF(slice);
            }
            Py_DECREF(v);
            Py_DECREF(container);
            if (err) goto pop_4_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(4);
            break;
        }

        case BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT: {
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *list;
            PyObject *res;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            list = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);

            // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyList_Size(list)
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            res = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
            assert(res != NULL);
            Py_INCREF(res);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            Py_DECREF(list);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT: {
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *str;
            PyObject *res;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            str = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(str), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            DEOPT_IF(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str) <= index, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            // Specialize for reading an ASCII character from any string:
            Py_UCS4 c = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(str, index);
            DEOPT_IF(Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii) <= c, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            res = (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[c];
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            Py_DECREF(str);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT: {
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *tuple;
            PyObject *res;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            tuple = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);

            // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyTuple_Size(list)
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            res = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
            assert(res != NULL);
            Py_INCREF(res);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            Py_DECREF(tuple);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT: {
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *dict;
            PyObject *res;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            res = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, sub);
            if (res == NULL) {
                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                    _PyErr_SetKeyError(sub);
                }
                Py_DECREF(dict);
                Py_DECREF(sub);
                if (true) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            Py_INCREF(res);  // Do this before DECREF'ing dict, sub
            Py_DECREF(dict);
            Py_DECREF(sub);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case LIST_APPEND: {
            PyObject *v;
            PyObject *list;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            list = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            if (_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)list, v) < 0) goto pop_1_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case SET_ADD: {
            PyObject *v;
            PyObject *set;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            int err = PySet_Add(set, v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case STORE_SUBSCR: {
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *container;
            PyObject *v;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            container = stack_pointer[-2];
            v = stack_pointer[-3];
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            _PyStoreSubscrCache *cache = (_PyStoreSubscrCache *)next_instr;
            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache->counter)) {
                next_instr--;
                _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
            }
            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, deferred);
            DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            /* container[sub] = v */
            int err = PyObject_SetItem(container, sub, v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
            Py_DECREF(container);
            Py_DECREF(sub);
            if (err) goto pop_3_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(3);
            break;
        }

        case STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT: {
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *list;
            PyObject *value;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            list = stack_pointer[-2];
            value = stack_pointer[-3];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), STORE_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), STORE_SUBSCR);

            // Ensure nonnegative, zero-or-one-digit ints.
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), STORE_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            // Ensure index < len(list)
            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), STORE_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);

            PyObject *old_value = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, value);
            assert(old_value != NULL);
            Py_DECREF(old_value);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            Py_DECREF(list);
            STACK_SHRINK(3);
            break;
        }

        case STORE_SUBSCR_DICT: {
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *dict;
            PyObject *value;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2];
            value = stack_pointer[-3];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), STORE_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, sub, value);
            Py_DECREF(dict);
            if (err) goto pop_3_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(3);
            break;
        }

        case DELETE_SUBSCR: {
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *container;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            container = stack_pointer[-2];
            /* del container[sub] */
            int err = PyObject_DelItem(container, sub);
            Py_DECREF(container);
            Py_DECREF(sub);
            if (err) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(2);
            break;
        }

        case CALL_INTRINSIC_1: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_1);
            res = _PyIntrinsics_UnaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case CALL_INTRINSIC_2: {
            PyObject *value1;
            PyObject *value2;
            PyObject *res;
            value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
            value2 = stack_pointer[-2];
            assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_2);
            res = _PyIntrinsics_BinaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value2, value1);
            Py_DECREF(value2);
            Py_DECREF(value1);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case _POP_FRAME: {
            PyObject *retval;
            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            assert(EMPTY());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
            _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
            #if TIER_ONE
            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
            #endif
            frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
            _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
            frame->prev_instr += frame->return_offset;
            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
            #if TIER_ONE
            goto resume_frame;
            #endif
            #if TIER_TWO
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            ip_offset = (_Py_CODEUNIT *)_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_code_adaptive;
            #endif
            break;
        }

        case GET_AITER: {
            PyObject *obj;
            PyObject *iter;
            obj = stack_pointer[-1];
            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj);

            if (type->tp_as_async != NULL) {
                getter = type->tp_as_async->am_aiter;
            }

            if (getter == NULL) {
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                              "'async for' requires an object with "
                              "__aiter__ method, got %.100s",
                              type->tp_name);
                Py_DECREF(obj);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }

            iter = (*getter)(obj);
            Py_DECREF(obj);
            if (iter == NULL) goto pop_1_error;

            if (Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
                    Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {

                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                              "'async for' received an object from __aiter__ "
                              "that does not implement __anext__: %.100s",
                              Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_name);
                Py_DECREF(iter);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            break;
        }

        case GET_ANEXT: {
            PyObject *aiter;
            PyObject *awaitable;
            aiter = stack_pointer[-1];
            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
            PyObject *next_iter = NULL;
            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(aiter);

            if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(aiter)) {
                awaitable = type->tp_as_async->am_anext(aiter);
                if (awaitable == NULL) {
                    goto error;
                }
            } else {
                if (type->tp_as_async != NULL){
                    getter = type->tp_as_async->am_anext;
                }

                if (getter != NULL) {
                    next_iter = (*getter)(aiter);
                    if (next_iter == NULL) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                else {
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "'async for' requires an iterator with "
                                  "__anext__ method, got %.100s",
                                  type->tp_name);
                    goto error;
                }

                awaitable = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(next_iter);
                if (awaitable == NULL) {
                    _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
                        PyExc_TypeError,
                        "'async for' received an invalid object "
                        "from __anext__: %.100s",
                        Py_TYPE(next_iter)->tp_name);

                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
                    goto error;
                } else {
                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
                }
            }
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = awaitable;
            break;
        }

        case GET_AWAITABLE: {
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *iter;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            iter = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(iterable);

            if (iter == NULL) {
                _PyEval_FormatAwaitableError(tstate, Py_TYPE(iterable), oparg);
            }

            Py_DECREF(iterable);

            if (iter != NULL && PyCoro_CheckExact(iter)) {
                PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf((PyGenObject*)iter);
                if (yf != NULL) {
                    /* `iter` is a coroutine object that is being
                       awaited, `yf` is a pointer to the current awaitable
                       being awaited on. */
                    Py_DECREF(yf);
                    Py_CLEAR(iter);
                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
                                     "coroutine is being awaited already");
                    /* The code below jumps to `error` if `iter` is NULL. */
                }
            }

            if (iter == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            break;
        }

        case POP_EXCEPT: {
            PyObject *exc_value;
            exc_value = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
            Py_XSETREF(exc_info->exc_value, exc_value);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR: {
            PyObject *value;
            value = Py_NewRef(PyExc_AssertionError);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_BUILD_CLASS: {
            PyObject *bc;
            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__), &bc) < 0) goto error;
            if (bc == NULL) {
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                 "__build_class__ not found");
                if (true) goto error;
            }
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = bc;
            break;
        }

        case STORE_NAME: {
            PyObject *v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
            int err;
            if (ns == NULL) {
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                              "no locals found when storing %R", name);
                Py_DECREF(v);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns))
                err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, v);
            else
                err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case DELETE_NAME: {
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
            int err;
            if (ns == NULL) {
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                              "no locals when deleting %R", name);
                goto error;
            }
            err = PyObject_DelItem(ns, name);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
            if (err != 0) {
                _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                          NAME_ERROR_MSG,
                                          name);
                goto error;
            }
            break;
        }

        case UNPACK_SEQUENCE: {
            PyObject *seq;
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            _PyUnpackSequenceCache *cache = (_PyUnpackSequenceCache *)next_instr;
            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache->counter)) {
                next_instr--;
                _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(seq, next_instr, oparg);
                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
            }
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, deferred);
            DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + oparg - 1;
            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top);
            Py_DECREF(seq);
            if (res == 0) goto pop_1_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            STACK_GROW(oparg);
            break;
        }

        case UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE: {
            PyObject *seq;
            PyObject **values;
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = stack_pointer - 1;
            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != 2, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            assert(oparg == 2);
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
            values[0] = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 1));
            values[1] = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 0));
            Py_DECREF(seq);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            STACK_GROW(oparg);
            break;
        }

        case UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE: {
            PyObject *seq;
            PyObject **values;
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = stack_pointer - 1;
            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq);
            for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(seq);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            STACK_GROW(oparg);
            break;
        }

        case UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST: {
            PyObject *seq;
            PyObject **values;
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = stack_pointer - 1;
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            DEOPT_IF(PyList_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq);
            for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(seq);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            STACK_GROW(oparg);
            break;
        }

        case UNPACK_EX: {
            PyObject *seq;
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            int totalargs = 1 + (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + totalargs - 1;
            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top);
            Py_DECREF(seq);
            if (res == 0) goto pop_1_error;
            STACK_GROW((oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8));
            break;
        }

        case STORE_ATTR: {
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *v;
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            v = stack_pointer[-2];
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache->counter)) {
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
                next_instr--;
                _Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
            }
            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, deferred);
            DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            int err = PyObject_SetAttr(owner, name, v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
            Py_DECREF(owner);
            if (err) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(2);
            break;
        }

        case DELETE_ATTR: {
            PyObject *owner;
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            int err = PyObject_DelAttr(owner, name);
            Py_DECREF(owner);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case STORE_GLOBAL: {
            PyObject *v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            int err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case DELETE_GLOBAL: {
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            int err;
            err = PyDict_DelItem(GLOBALS(), name);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
            if (err != 0) {
                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
                    _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                              NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                }
                goto error;
            }
            break;
        }

        case _LOAD_LOCALS: {
            PyObject *locals;
            locals = LOCALS();
            if (locals == NULL) {
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                 "no locals found");
                if (true) goto error;
            }
            Py_INCREF(locals);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = locals;
            break;
        }

        case _LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS: {
            PyObject *mod_or_class_dict;
            PyObject *v;
            mod_or_class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
                Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
                goto error;
            }
            Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
            if (v == NULL) {
                v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(GLOBALS(), name);
                if (v != NULL) {
                    Py_INCREF(v);
                }
                else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                    goto error;
                }
                else {
                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v) < 0) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                    if (v == NULL) {
                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
                                    tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                    NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = v;
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_GLOBAL: {
            PyObject *res;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            _PyLoadGlobalCache *cache = (_PyLoadGlobalCache *)next_instr;
            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache->counter)) {
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                next_instr--;
                _Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), next_instr, name);
                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
            }
            STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, deferred);
            DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
            if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
                && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
            {
                res = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
                                         (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
                                         name);
                if (res == NULL) {
                    if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                        /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
                         * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                                  NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                    }
                    if (true) goto error;
                }
                Py_INCREF(res);
            }
            else {
                /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */

                /* namespace 1: globals */
                if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &res) < 0) goto error;
                if (res == NULL) {
                    /* namespace 2: builtins */
                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &res) < 0) goto error;
                    if (res == NULL) {
                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
                                    tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                    NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                        if (true) goto error;
                    }
                }
            }
            null = NULL;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            STACK_GROW(((oparg & 1) ? 1 : 0));
            stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = res;
            if (oparg & 1) { stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = null; }
            break;
        }

        case _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION: {
            uint16_t version = (uint16_t)operand;
            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
            DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
            break;
        }

        case _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION: {
            uint16_t version = (uint16_t)operand;
            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
            DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
            break;
        }

        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE: {
            PyObject *res;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            uint16_t index = (uint16_t)operand;
            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
            res = entries[index].me_value;
            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
            Py_INCREF(res);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
            null = NULL;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            STACK_GROW(((oparg & 1) ? 1 : 0));
            stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = res;
            if (oparg & 1) { stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = null; }
            break;
        }

        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS: {
            PyObject *res;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            uint16_t index = (uint16_t)operand;
            PyDictObject *bdict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(bdict->ma_keys);
            res = entries[index].me_value;
            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
            Py_INCREF(res);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
            null = NULL;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            STACK_GROW(((oparg & 1) ? 1 : 0));
            stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = res;
            if (oparg & 1) { stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = null; }
            break;
        }

        case DELETE_FAST: {
            PyObject *v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            if (v == NULL) goto unbound_local_error;
            SETLOCAL(oparg, NULL);
            break;
        }

        case DELETE_DEREF: {
            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_GET(cell);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
            // Fortunately we don't need its superpower.
            if (oldobj == NULL) {
                _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                goto error;
            }
            PyCell_SET(cell, NULL);
            Py_DECREF(oldobj);
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF: {
            PyObject *class_dict;
            PyObject *value;
            class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name;
            assert(class_dict);
            assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_nlocalsplus);
            name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value) < 0) {
                Py_DECREF(class_dict);
                goto error;
            }
            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
            if (!value) {
                PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
                value = PyCell_GET(cell);
                if (value == NULL) {
                    _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                    goto error;
                }
                Py_INCREF(value);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_DEREF: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            value = PyCell_GET(cell);
            if (value == NULL) {
                _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                if (true) goto error;
            }
            Py_INCREF(value);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            break;
        }

        case STORE_DEREF: {
            PyObject *v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_GET(cell);
            PyCell_SET(cell, v);
            Py_XDECREF(oldobj);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case COPY_FREE_VARS: {
            /* Copy closure variables to free variables */
            PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
            PyObject *closure = ((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_closure;
            assert(oparg == co->co_nfreevars);
            int offset = co->co_nlocalsplus - oparg;
            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; ++i) {
                PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(closure, i);
                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = Py_NewRef(o);
            }
            break;
        }

        case BUILD_STRING: {
            PyObject **pieces;
            PyObject *str;
            pieces = stack_pointer - oparg;
            str = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty), pieces, oparg);
            for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                Py_DECREF(pieces[_i]);
            }
            if (str == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = str;
            break;
        }

        case BUILD_TUPLE: {
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *tup;
            values = stack_pointer - oparg;
            tup = _PyTuple_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
            if (tup == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = tup;
            break;
        }

        case BUILD_LIST: {
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *list;
            values = stack_pointer - oparg;
            list = _PyList_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
            if (list == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = list;
            break;
        }

        case LIST_EXTEND: {
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *list;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            list = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            PyObject *none_val = _PyList_Extend((PyListObject *)list, iterable);
            if (none_val == NULL) {
                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
                   (Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
                {
                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                          "Value after * must be an iterable, not %.200s",
                          Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_name);
                }
                Py_DECREF(iterable);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            assert(Py_IsNone(none_val));
            Py_DECREF(iterable);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case SET_UPDATE: {
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *set;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            int err = _PySet_Update(set, iterable);
            Py_DECREF(iterable);
            if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case BUILD_SET: {
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *set;
            values = stack_pointer - oparg;
            set = PySet_New(NULL);
            if (set == NULL)
                goto error;
            int err = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                PyObject *item = values[i];
                if (err == 0)
                    err = PySet_Add(set, item);
                Py_DECREF(item);
            }
            if (err != 0) {
                Py_DECREF(set);
                if (true) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto error; }
            }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = set;
            break;
        }

        case BUILD_MAP: {
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *map;
            values = stack_pointer - oparg*2;
            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
                    values, 2,
                    values+1, 2,
                    oparg);
            if (map == NULL)
                goto error;

            for (int _i = oparg*2; --_i >= 0;) {
                Py_DECREF(values[_i]);
            }
            if (map == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg*2); goto error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg*2);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = map;
            break;
        }

        case SETUP_ANNOTATIONS: {
            int err;
            PyObject *ann_dict;
            if (LOCALS() == NULL) {
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                              "no locals found when setting up annotations");
                if (true) goto error;
            }
            /* check if __annotations__ in locals()... */
            if (PyDict_CheckExact(LOCALS())) {
                ann_dict = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(LOCALS(),
                                                    &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
                if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                    if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) goto error;
                    /* ...if not, create a new one */
                    ann_dict = PyDict_New();
                    if (ann_dict == NULL) goto error;
                    err = PyDict_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
                                         ann_dict);
                    Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                    if (err) goto error;
                }
            }
            else {
                /* do the same if locals() is not a dict */
                if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__), &ann_dict) < 0) goto error;
                if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                    ann_dict = PyDict_New();
                    if (ann_dict == NULL) goto error;
                    err = PyObject_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
                                           ann_dict);
                    Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                    if (err) goto error;
                }
                else {
                    Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        case BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP: {
            PyObject *keys;
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *map;
            keys = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = stack_pointer - 1 - oparg;
            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(keys) ||
                PyTuple_GET_SIZE(keys) != (Py_ssize_t)oparg) {
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                 "bad BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP keys argument");
                goto error;  // Pop the keys and values.
            }
            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
                    &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(keys, 0), 1,
                    values, 1, oparg);
            for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                Py_DECREF(values[_i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(keys);
            if (map == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_1_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            stack_pointer[-1] = map;
            break;
        }

        case DICT_UPDATE: {
            PyObject *update;
            PyObject *dict;
            update = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
            if (PyDict_Update(dict, update) < 0) {
                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                    "'%.200s' object is not a mapping",
                                    Py_TYPE(update)->tp_name);
                }
                Py_DECREF(update);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            Py_DECREF(update);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case DICT_MERGE: {
            PyObject *update;
            PyObject *dict;
            PyObject *callable;
            update = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
            callable = stack_pointer[-5 - (oparg - 1)];
            if (_PyDict_MergeEx(dict, update, 2) < 0) {
                _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(tstate, callable, update);
                Py_DECREF(update);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            Py_DECREF(update);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case MAP_ADD: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *key;
            PyObject *dict;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            key = stack_pointer[-2];
            dict = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg - 1)];
            assert(PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
            /* dict[key] = value */
            // Do not DECREF INPUTS because the function steals the references
            if (_PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, key, value) != 0) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(2);
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR: {
            PyObject *self;
            PyObject *class;
            PyObject *global_super;
            PyObject *attr;
            self = stack_pointer[-1];
            class = stack_pointer[-2];
            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
            assert(!(oparg & 1));
            DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type, LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class), LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, hit);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
            attr = _PySuper_Lookup((PyTypeObject *)class, self, name, NULL);
            Py_DECREF(global_super);
            Py_DECREF(class);
            Py_DECREF(self);
            if (attr == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(2);
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD: {
            PyObject *self;
            PyObject *class;
            PyObject *global_super;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            self = stack_pointer[-1];
            class = stack_pointer[-2];
            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
            assert(oparg & 1);
            DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type, LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class), LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, hit);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
            PyTypeObject *cls = (PyTypeObject *)class;
            int method_found = 0;
            attr = _PySuper_Lookup(cls, self, name,
                                   Py_TYPE(self)->tp_getattro == PyObject_GenericGetAttr ? &method_found : NULL);
            Py_DECREF(global_super);
            Py_DECREF(class);
            if (attr == NULL) {
                Py_DECREF(self);
                if (true) goto pop_3_error;
            }
            if (method_found) {
                self_or_null = self; // transfer ownership
            } else {
                Py_DECREF(self);
                self_or_null = NULL;
            }
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-2] = attr;
            stack_pointer[-1] = self_or_null;
            break;
        }

        case LOAD_ATTR: {
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *self_or_null = NULL;
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache->counter)) {
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                next_instr--;
                _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
            }
            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, deferred);
            DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
            if (oparg & 1) {
                /* Designed to work in tandem with CALL, pushes two values. */
                attr = NULL;
                if (_PyObject_GetMethod(owner, name, &attr)) {
                    /* We can bypass temporary bound method object.
                       meth is unbound method and obj is self.

                       meth | self | arg1 | ... | argN
                     */
                    assert(attr != NULL);  // No errors on this branch
                    self_or_null = owner;  // Transfer ownership
                }
                else {
                    /* meth is not an unbound method (but a regular attr, or
                       something was returned by a descriptor protocol).  Set
                       the second element of the stack to NULL, to signal
                       CALL that it's not a method call.

                       NULL | meth | arg1 | ... | argN
                    */
                    Py_DECREF(owner);
                    if (attr == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
                    self_or_null = NULL;
                }
            }
            else {
                /* Classic, pushes one value. */
                attr = PyObject_GetAttr(owner, name);
                Py_DECREF(owner);
                if (attr == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            STACK_GROW(((oparg & 1) ? 1 : 0));
            stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) { stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = self_or_null; }
            break;
        }

        case _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION: {
            PyObject *owner;
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            uint32_t type_version = (uint32_t)operand;
            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
            assert(type_version != 0);
            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            break;
        }

        case _CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES: {
            PyObject *owner;
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
            PyDictOrValues *dorv = _PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(*dorv) &&
                     !_PyObject_MakeInstanceAttributesFromDict(owner, dorv),
                     LOAD_ATTR);
            break;
        }

        case _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE: {
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            uint16_t index = (uint16_t)operand;
            PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
            attr = _PyDictOrValues_GetValues(dorv)->values[index];
            DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
            Py_INCREF(attr);
            null = NULL;
            Py_DECREF(owner);
            STACK_GROW(((oparg & 1) ? 1 : 0));
            stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) { stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1 ? 1 : 0)] = null; }
            break;
        }

        case COMPARE_OP: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            _PyCompareOpCache *cache = (_PyCompareOpCache *)next_instr;
            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache->counter)) {
                next_instr--;
                _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(left, right, next_instr, oparg);
                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
            }
            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, deferred);
            DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            assert((oparg >> 5) <= Py_GE);
            res = PyObject_RichCompare(left, right, oparg >> 5);
            Py_DECREF(left);
            Py_DECREF(right);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            if (oparg & 16) {
                int res_bool = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
                Py_DECREF(res);
                if (res_bool < 0) goto pop_2_error;
                res = res_bool ? Py_True : Py_False;
            }
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case COMPARE_OP_FLOAT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
            double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left);
            double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right);
            // 1 if NaN, 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches low four bits of the oparg
            int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(dleft, dright);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case COMPARE_OP_INT: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)left), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)right), COMPARE_OP);
            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
            assert(_PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)left) <= 1 &&
                   _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)right) <= 1);
            Py_ssize_t ileft = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)left);
            Py_ssize_t iright = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)right);
            // 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches the low 4 bits of the oparg
            int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(ileft, iright);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case COMPARE_OP_STR: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
            int eq = _PyUnicode_Equal(left, right);
            assert((oparg >> 5) == Py_EQ || (oparg >> 5) == Py_NE);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
            assert(eq == 0 || eq == 1);
            assert((oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS || (oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
            assert(COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + 1 == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
            res = ((COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + eq) & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case IS_OP: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *b;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            int res = Py_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
            Py_DECREF(left);
            Py_DECREF(right);
            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = b;
            break;
        }

        case CONTAINS_OP: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *b;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            int res = PySequence_Contains(right, left);
            Py_DECREF(left);
            Py_DECREF(right);
            if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = b;
            break;
        }

        case CHECK_EG_MATCH: {
            PyObject *match_type;
            PyObject *exc_value;
            PyObject *rest;
            PyObject *match;
            match_type = stack_pointer[-1];
            exc_value = stack_pointer[-2];
            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(tstate, match_type) < 0) {
                Py_DECREF(exc_value);
                Py_DECREF(match_type);
                if (true) goto pop_2_error;
            }

            match = NULL;
            rest = NULL;
            int res = _PyEval_ExceptionGroupMatch(exc_value, match_type,
                                                  &match, &rest);
            Py_DECREF(exc_value);
            Py_DECREF(match_type);
            if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;

            assert((match == NULL) == (rest == NULL));
            if (match == NULL) goto pop_2_error;

            if (!Py_IsNone(match)) {
                PyErr_SetHandledException(match);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = rest;
            stack_pointer[-1] = match;
            break;
        }

        case CHECK_EXC_MATCH: {
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *b;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left));
            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(tstate, right) < 0) {
                 Py_DECREF(right);
                 if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }

            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left, right);
            Py_DECREF(right);
            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = b;
            break;
        }

        case IS_NONE: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *b;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            if (Py_IsNone(value)) {
                b = Py_True;
            }
            else {
                b = Py_False;
                Py_DECREF(value);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = b;
            break;
        }

        case GET_LEN: {
            PyObject *obj;
            PyObject *len_o;
            obj = stack_pointer[-1];
            // PUSH(len(TOS))
            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(obj);
            if (len_i < 0) goto error;
            len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
            if (len_o == NULL) goto error;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = len_o;
            break;
        }

        case MATCH_CLASS: {
            PyObject *names;
            PyObject *type;
            PyObject *subject;
            PyObject *attrs;
            names = stack_pointer[-1];
            type = stack_pointer[-2];
            subject = stack_pointer[-3];
            // Pop TOS and TOS1. Set TOS to a tuple of attributes on success, or
            // None on failure.
            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(names));
            attrs = _PyEval_MatchClass(tstate, subject, type, oparg, names);
            Py_DECREF(subject);
            Py_DECREF(type);
            Py_DECREF(names);
            if (attrs) {
                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs));  // Success!
            }
            else {
                if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) goto pop_3_error;
                attrs = Py_None;  // Failure!
            }
            STACK_SHRINK(2);
            stack_pointer[-1] = attrs;
            break;
        }

        case MATCH_MAPPING: {
            PyObject *subject;
            PyObject *res;
            subject = stack_pointer[-1];
            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case MATCH_SEQUENCE: {
            PyObject *subject;
            PyObject *res;
            subject = stack_pointer[-1];
            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case MATCH_KEYS: {
            PyObject *keys;
            PyObject *subject;
            PyObject *values_or_none;
            keys = stack_pointer[-1];
            subject = stack_pointer[-2];
            // On successful match, PUSH(values). Otherwise, PUSH(None).
            values_or_none = _PyEval_MatchKeys(tstate, subject, keys);
            if (values_or_none == NULL) goto error;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = values_or_none;
            break;
        }

        case GET_ITER: {
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *iter;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
            iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
            Py_DECREF(iterable);
            if (iter == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            break;
        }

        case GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER: {
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *iter;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable)) {
                /* `iterable` is a coroutine */
                if (!(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_flags & (CO_COROUTINE | CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE))) {
                    /* and it is used in a 'yield from' expression of a
                       regular generator. */
                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                     "cannot 'yield from' a coroutine object "
                                     "in a non-coroutine generator");
                    goto error;
                }
                iter = iterable;
            }
            else if (PyGen_CheckExact(iterable)) {
                iter = iterable;
            }
            else {
                /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
                iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
                if (iter == NULL) {
                    goto error;
                }
                Py_DECREF(iterable);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            break;
        }

        case _ITER_CHECK_LIST: {
            PyObject *iter;
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyListIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
            break;
        }

        case _IS_ITER_EXHAUSTED_LIST: {
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *exhausted;
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
            PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
            if (seq == NULL) {
                exhausted = Py_True;
            }
            else if (it->it_index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
                Py_DECREF(seq);
                it->it_seq = NULL;
                exhausted = Py_True;
            }
            else {
                exhausted = Py_False;
            }
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = exhausted;
            break;
        }

        case _ITER_NEXT_LIST: {
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *next;
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
            PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
            assert(seq);
            assert(it->it_index < PyList_GET_SIZE(seq));
            next = Py_NewRef(PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = next;
            break;
        }

        case _ITER_CHECK_TUPLE: {
            PyObject *iter;
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyTupleIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
            break;
        }

        case _IS_ITER_EXHAUSTED_TUPLE: {
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *exhausted;
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
            PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
            if (seq == NULL) {
                exhausted = Py_True;
            }
            else if (it->it_index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
                Py_DECREF(seq);
                it->it_seq = NULL;
                exhausted = Py_True;
            }
            else {
                exhausted = Py_False;
            }
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = exhausted;
            break;
        }

        case _ITER_NEXT_TUPLE: {
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *next;
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
            PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
            assert(seq);
            assert(it->it_index < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq));
            next = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = next;
            break;
        }

        case _ITER_CHECK_RANGE: {
            PyObject *iter;
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(r) != &PyRangeIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
            break;
        }

        case _IS_ITER_EXHAUSTED_RANGE: {
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *exhausted;
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
            assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
            exhausted = r->len <= 0 ? Py_True : Py_False;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = exhausted;
            break;
        }

        case _ITER_NEXT_RANGE: {
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *next;
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
            assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
            assert(r->len > 0);
            long value = r->start;
            r->start = value + r->step;
            r->len--;
            next = PyLong_FromLong(value);
            if (next == NULL) goto error;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = next;
            break;
        }

        case WITH_EXCEPT_START: {
            PyObject *val;
            PyObject *lasti;
            PyObject *exit_func;
            PyObject *res;
            val = stack_pointer[-1];
            lasti = stack_pointer[-3];
            exit_func = stack_pointer[-4];
            /* At the top of the stack are 4 values:
               - val: TOP = exc_info()
               - unused: SECOND = previous exception
               - lasti: THIRD = lasti of exception in exc_info()
               - exit_func: FOURTH = the context.__exit__ bound method
               We call FOURTH(type(TOP), TOP, GetTraceback(TOP)).
               Then we push the __exit__ return value.
            */
            PyObject *exc, *tb;

            assert(val && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val));
            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val);
            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val);
            if (tb == NULL) {
                tb = Py_None;
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(tb);
            }
            assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
            (void)lasti; // Shut up compiler warning if asserts are off
            PyObject *stack[4] = {NULL, exc, val, tb};
            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func, stack + 1,
                    3 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
            if (res == NULL) goto error;
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case PUSH_EXC_INFO: {
            PyObject *new_exc;
            PyObject *prev_exc;
            new_exc = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
            if (exc_info->exc_value != NULL) {
                prev_exc = exc_info->exc_value;
            }
            else {
                prev_exc = Py_None;
            }
            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(new_exc));
            exc_info->exc_value = Py_NewRef(new_exc);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-2] = prev_exc;
            stack_pointer[-1] = new_exc;
            break;
        }

        case _CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS: {
            PyObject *null;
            PyObject *callable;
            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
            break;
        }

        case _INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS: {
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *func;
            PyObject *self;
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            self = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self);
            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;  // Patch stack as it is used by _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
            func = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func);
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = func;  // This is used by CALL, upon deoptimization
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = func;
            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;
            break;
        }

        case _CHECK_PEP_523: {
            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
            break;
        }

        case _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS: {
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            uint32_t func_version = (uint32_t)operand;
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
            DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
            DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (self_or_null != NULL), CALL);
            break;
        }

        case _CHECK_STACK_SPACE: {
            PyObject *callable;
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
            break;
        }

        case _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            int argcount = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                argcount++;
            }
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, argcount);
            for (int i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
                new_frame->localsplus[i] = args[i];
            }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = (PyObject *)new_frame;
            break;
        }

        case _PUSH_FRAME: {
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            new_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)stack_pointer[-1];
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
            // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
            frame->return_offset = 0;
            assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            new_frame->previous = frame;
            CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
            frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
            #if TIER_ONE
            goto start_frame;
            #endif
            #if TIER_TWO
            if (_Py_EnterRecursivePy(tstate)) goto pop_1_exit_unwind;
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            ip_offset = (_Py_CODEUNIT *)_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_code_adaptive;
            #endif
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_TYPE_1: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            assert(oparg == 1);
            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
            PyObject *obj = args[0];
            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            res = Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(obj));
            Py_DECREF(obj);
            Py_DECREF(&PyType_Type);  // I.e., callable
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_STR_1: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            assert(oparg == 1);
            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyObject *arg = args[0];
            res = PyObject_Str(arg);
            Py_DECREF(arg);
            Py_DECREF(&PyUnicode_Type);  // I.e., callable
            if (res == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_2_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_TUPLE_1: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            assert(oparg == 1);
            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyObject *arg = args[0];
            res = PySequence_Tuple(arg);
            Py_DECREF(arg);
            Py_DECREF(&PyTuple_Type);  // I.e., tuple
            if (res == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_2_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            break;
        }

        case EXIT_INIT_CHECK: {
            PyObject *should_be_none;
            should_be_none = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(STACK_LEVEL() == 2);
            if (should_be_none != Py_None) {
                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                    "__init__() should return None, not '%.200s'",
                    Py_TYPE(should_be_none)->tp_name);
                goto error;
            }
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_BUILTIN_O: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* Builtin METH_O functions */
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_O, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
            // This is slower but CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall
            // function calls.
            if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
                goto error;
            }
            PyObject *arg = args[0];
            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), arg);
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));

            Py_DECREF(arg);
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_2_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_BUILTIN_FAST: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL functions, without keywords */
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
            /* res = func(self, args, nargs) */
            res = ((_PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
                PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable),
                args,
                total_args);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));

            /* Free the arguments. */
            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_2_error; }
                /* Not deopting because this doesn't mean our optimization was
                   wrong. `res` can be NULL for valid reasons. Eg. getattr(x,
                   'invalid'). In those cases an exception is set, so we must
                   handle it.
                */
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_LEN: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            /* len(o) */
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
            PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.len, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyObject *arg = args[0];
            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(arg);
            if (len_i < 0) {
                goto error;
            }
            res = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));

            Py_DECREF(callable);
            Py_DECREF(arg);
            if (res == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_2_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_ISINSTANCE: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            /* isinstance(o, o2) */
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
            PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.isinstance, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyObject *cls = args[1];
            PyObject *inst = args[0];
            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(inst, cls);
            if (retval < 0) {
                goto error;
            }
            res = PyBool_FromLong(retval);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));

            Py_DECREF(inst);
            Py_DECREF(cls);
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_2_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
            PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_O, CALL);
            PyObject *arg = args[1];
            PyObject *self = args[0];
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
            // This is slower but CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall
            // function calls.
            if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
                goto error;
            }
            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, arg);
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            Py_DECREF(self);
            Py_DECREF(arg);
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_2_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
            PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
            PyObject *self = args[0];
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_NOARGS, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
            // This is slower but CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall
            // function calls.
            if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
                goto error;
            }
            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, NULL);
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            Py_DECREF(self);
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_2_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            break;
        }

        case CALL_NO_KW_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST: {
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            args = stack_pointer - oparg;
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            ASSERT_KWNAMES_IS_NULL();
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
            /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL methods, without keywords */
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
            PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
            PyObject *self = args[0];
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            _PyCFunctionFast cfunc =
                (_PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
            int nargs = total_args - 1;
            res = cfunc(self, args + 1, nargs);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            /* Clear the stack of the arguments. */
            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(oparg); goto pop_2_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            break;
        }

        case MAKE_FUNCTION: {
            PyObject *codeobj;
            PyObject *func;
            codeobj = stack_pointer[-1];

            PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)
                PyFunction_New(codeobj, GLOBALS());

            Py_DECREF(codeobj);
            if (func_obj == NULL) {
                goto error;
            }

            _PyFunction_SetVersion(
                func_obj, ((PyCodeObject *)codeobj)->co_version);
            func = (PyObject *)func_obj;
            stack_pointer[-1] = func;
            break;
        }

        case SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE: {
            PyObject *func;
            PyObject *attr;
            func = stack_pointer[-1];
            attr = stack_pointer[-2];
            assert(PyFunction_Check(func));
            PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)func;
            switch(oparg) {
                case MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE:
                    assert(func_obj->func_closure == NULL);
                    func_obj->func_closure = attr;
                    break;
                case MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS:
                    assert(func_obj->func_annotations == NULL);
                    func_obj->func_annotations = attr;
                    break;
                case MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS:
                    assert(PyDict_CheckExact(attr));
                    assert(func_obj->func_kwdefaults == NULL);
                    func_obj->func_kwdefaults = attr;
                    break;
                case MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS:
                    assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attr));
                    assert(func_obj->func_defaults == NULL);
                    func_obj->func_defaults = attr;
                    break;
                default:
                    Py_UNREACHABLE();
            }
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = func;
            break;
        }

        case BUILD_SLICE: {
            PyObject *step = NULL;
            PyObject *stop;
            PyObject *start;
            PyObject *slice;
            if (oparg == 3) { step = stack_pointer[-(oparg == 3 ? 1 : 0)]; }
            stop = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg == 3 ? 1 : 0)];
            start = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg == 3 ? 1 : 0)];
            slice = PySlice_New(start, stop, step);
            Py_DECREF(start);
            Py_DECREF(stop);
            Py_XDECREF(step);
            if (slice == NULL) { STACK_SHRINK(((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)); goto pop_2_error; }
            STACK_SHRINK(((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0));
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = slice;
            break;
        }

        case CONVERT_VALUE: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *result;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            convertion_func_ptr  conv_fn;
            assert(oparg >= FVC_STR && oparg <= FVC_ASCII);
            conv_fn = CONVERSION_FUNCTIONS[oparg];
            result = conv_fn(value);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            if (result == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = result;
            break;
        }

        case FORMAT_SIMPLE: {
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            /* If value is a unicode object, then we know the result
             * of format(value) is value itself. */
            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value)) {
                res = PyObject_Format(value, NULL);
                Py_DECREF(value);
                if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            else {
                res = value;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case FORMAT_WITH_SPEC: {
            PyObject *fmt_spec;
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            fmt_spec = stack_pointer[-1];
            value = stack_pointer[-2];
            res = PyObject_Format(value, fmt_spec);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            Py_DECREF(fmt_spec);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case COPY: {
            PyObject *bottom;
            PyObject *top;
            bottom = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg-1)];
            assert(oparg > 0);
            top = Py_NewRef(bottom);
            STACK_GROW(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = top;
            break;
        }

        case BINARY_OP: {
            PyObject *rhs;
            PyObject *lhs;
            PyObject *res;
            rhs = stack_pointer[-1];
            lhs = stack_pointer[-2];
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            _PyBinaryOpCache *cache = (_PyBinaryOpCache *)next_instr;
            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache->counter)) {
                next_instr--;
                _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(lhs, rhs, next_instr, oparg, LOCALS_ARRAY);
                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
            }
            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, deferred);
            DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            assert(NB_ADD <= oparg);
            assert(oparg <= NB_INPLACE_XOR);
            assert(_PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg]);
            res = _PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg](lhs, rhs);
            Py_DECREF(lhs);
            Py_DECREF(rhs);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            break;
        }

        case SWAP: {
            PyObject *top;
            PyObject *bottom;
            top = stack_pointer[-1];
            bottom = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)];
            assert(oparg >= 2);
            stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)] = top;
            stack_pointer[-1] = bottom;
            break;
        }

        case _POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE: {
            PyObject *flag;
            flag = stack_pointer[-1];
            if (Py_IsFalse(flag)) {
                pc = oparg;
            }
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case _POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE: {
            PyObject *flag;
            flag = stack_pointer[-1];
            if (Py_IsTrue(flag)) {
                pc = oparg;
            }
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            break;
        }

        case JUMP_TO_TOP: {
            pc = 0;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            break;
        }

        case SAVE_IP: {
            frame->prev_instr = ip_offset + oparg;
            break;
        }

        case SAVE_CURRENT_IP: {
            #if TIER_ONE
            frame->prev_instr = next_instr - 1;
            #endif
            #if TIER_TWO
            // Relies on a preceding SAVE_IP
            frame->prev_instr--;
            #endif
            break;
        }

        case EXIT_TRACE: {
            frame->prev_instr--;  // Back up to just before destination
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            Py_DECREF(self);
            return frame;
            break;
        }

        case INSERT: {
            PyObject *top;
            top = stack_pointer[-1];
            // Inserts TOS at position specified by oparg;
            memmove(&stack_pointer[-1 - oparg], &stack_pointer[-oparg], oparg * sizeof(stack_pointer[0]));
            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = top;
            break;
        }