cpython/Lib/test/test_logging.py

# Copyright 2001-2022 by Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
# documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
# provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
# both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
# supporting documentation, and that the name of Vinay Sajip
# not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
# of the software without specific, written prior permission.
# VINAY SAJIP DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING
# ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
# VINAY SAJIP BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR
# ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
# IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
# OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

"""Test harness for the logging module. Run all tests.

Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
"""
import logging
import logging.handlers
import logging.config

import codecs
import configparser
import copy
import datetime
import pathlib
import pickle
import io
import itertools
import gc
import json
import os
import queue
import random
import re
import shutil
import socket
import struct
import sys
import tempfile
from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure
from test import support
from test.support import os_helper
from test.support import socket_helper
from test.support import threading_helper
from test.support import warnings_helper
from test.support.logging_helper import TestHandler
import textwrap
import threading
import asyncio
import time
import unittest
import warnings
import weakref

from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
from socketserver import (ThreadingUDPServer, DatagramRequestHandler,
                          ThreadingTCPServer, StreamRequestHandler)


asyncore = warnings_helper.import_deprecated('asyncore')
smtpd = warnings_helper.import_deprecated('smtpd')


try:
    import win32evtlog, win32evtlogutil, pywintypes
except ImportError:
    win32evtlog = win32evtlogutil = pywintypes = None

try:
    import zlib
except ImportError:
    pass


class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):

    """Base class for logging tests."""

    log_format = "%(name)s -> %(levelname)s: %(message)s"
    expected_log_pat = r"^([\w.]+) -> (\w+): (\d+)$"
    message_num = 0

    def setUp(self):
        """Setup the default logging stream to an internal StringIO instance,
        so that we can examine log output as we want."""
        self._threading_key = threading_helper.threading_setup()

        logger_dict = logging.getLogger().manager.loggerDict
        logging._acquireLock()
        try:
            self.saved_handlers = logging._handlers.copy()
            self.saved_handler_list = logging._handlerList[:]
            self.saved_loggers = saved_loggers = logger_dict.copy()
            self.saved_name_to_level = logging._nameToLevel.copy()
            self.saved_level_to_name = logging._levelToName.copy()
            self.logger_states = logger_states = {}
            for name in saved_loggers:
                logger_states[name] = getattr(saved_loggers[name],
                                              'disabled', None)
        finally:
            logging._releaseLock()

        # Set two unused loggers
        self.logger1 = logging.getLogger("\xab\xd7\xbb")
        self.logger2 = logging.getLogger("\u013f\u00d6\u0047")

        self.root_logger = logging.getLogger("")
        self.original_logging_level = self.root_logger.getEffectiveLevel()

        self.stream = io.StringIO()
        self.root_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
        self.root_hdlr = logging.StreamHandler(self.stream)
        self.root_formatter = logging.Formatter(self.log_format)
        self.root_hdlr.setFormatter(self.root_formatter)
        if self.logger1.hasHandlers():
            hlist = self.logger1.handlers + self.root_logger.handlers
            raise AssertionError('Unexpected handlers: %s' % hlist)
        if self.logger2.hasHandlers():
            hlist = self.logger2.handlers + self.root_logger.handlers
            raise AssertionError('Unexpected handlers: %s' % hlist)
        self.root_logger.addHandler(self.root_hdlr)
        self.assertTrue(self.logger1.hasHandlers())
        self.assertTrue(self.logger2.hasHandlers())

    def tearDown(self):
        """Remove our logging stream, and restore the original logging
        level."""
        self.stream.close()
        self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.root_hdlr)
        while self.root_logger.handlers:
            h = self.root_logger.handlers[0]
            self.root_logger.removeHandler(h)
            h.close()
        self.root_logger.setLevel(self.original_logging_level)
        logging._acquireLock()
        try:
            logging._levelToName.clear()
            logging._levelToName.update(self.saved_level_to_name)
            logging._nameToLevel.clear()
            logging._nameToLevel.update(self.saved_name_to_level)
            logging._handlers.clear()
            logging._handlers.update(self.saved_handlers)
            logging._handlerList[:] = self.saved_handler_list
            manager = logging.getLogger().manager
            manager.disable = 0
            loggerDict = manager.loggerDict
            loggerDict.clear()
            loggerDict.update(self.saved_loggers)
            logger_states = self.logger_states
            for name in self.logger_states:
                if logger_states[name] is not None:
                    self.saved_loggers[name].disabled = logger_states[name]
        finally:
            logging._releaseLock()

        self.doCleanups()
        threading_helper.threading_cleanup(*self._threading_key)

    def assert_log_lines(self, expected_values, stream=None, pat=None):
        """Match the collected log lines against the regular expression
        self.expected_log_pat, and compare the extracted group values to
        the expected_values list of tuples."""
        stream = stream or self.stream
        pat = re.compile(pat or self.expected_log_pat)
        actual_lines = stream.getvalue().splitlines()
        self.assertEqual(len(actual_lines), len(expected_values))
        for actual, expected in zip(actual_lines, expected_values):
            match = pat.search(actual)
            if not match:
                self.fail("Log line does not match expected pattern:\n" +
                            actual)
            self.assertEqual(tuple(match.groups()), expected)
        s = stream.read()
        if s:
            self.fail("Remaining output at end of log stream:\n" + s)

    def next_message(self):
        """Generate a message consisting solely of an auto-incrementing
        integer."""
        self.message_num += 1
        return "%d" % self.message_num


class BuiltinLevelsTest(BaseTest):
    """Test builtin levels and their inheritance."""

    def test_flat(self):
        # Logging levels in a flat logger namespace.
        m = self.next_message

        ERR = logging.getLogger("ERR")
        ERR.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
        INF = logging.LoggerAdapter(logging.getLogger("INF"), {})
        INF.setLevel(logging.INFO)
        DEB = logging.getLogger("DEB")
        DEB.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

        # These should log.
        ERR.log(logging.CRITICAL, m())
        ERR.error(m())

        INF.log(logging.CRITICAL, m())
        INF.error(m())
        INF.warning(m())
        INF.info(m())

        DEB.log(logging.CRITICAL, m())
        DEB.error(m())
        DEB.warning(m())
        DEB.info(m())
        DEB.debug(m())

        # These should not log.
        ERR.warning(m())
        ERR.info(m())
        ERR.debug(m())

        INF.debug(m())

        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('ERR', 'CRITICAL', '1'),
            ('ERR', 'ERROR', '2'),
            ('INF', 'CRITICAL', '3'),
            ('INF', 'ERROR', '4'),
            ('INF', 'WARNING', '5'),
            ('INF', 'INFO', '6'),
            ('DEB', 'CRITICAL', '7'),
            ('DEB', 'ERROR', '8'),
            ('DEB', 'WARNING', '9'),
            ('DEB', 'INFO', '10'),
            ('DEB', 'DEBUG', '11'),
        ])

    def test_nested_explicit(self):
        # Logging levels in a nested namespace, all explicitly set.
        m = self.next_message

        INF = logging.getLogger("INF")
        INF.setLevel(logging.INFO)
        INF_ERR  = logging.getLogger("INF.ERR")
        INF_ERR.setLevel(logging.ERROR)

        # These should log.
        INF_ERR.log(logging.CRITICAL, m())
        INF_ERR.error(m())

        # These should not log.
        INF_ERR.warning(m())
        INF_ERR.info(m())
        INF_ERR.debug(m())

        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('INF.ERR', 'CRITICAL', '1'),
            ('INF.ERR', 'ERROR', '2'),
        ])

    def test_nested_inherited(self):
        # Logging levels in a nested namespace, inherited from parent loggers.
        m = self.next_message

        INF = logging.getLogger("INF")
        INF.setLevel(logging.INFO)
        INF_ERR  = logging.getLogger("INF.ERR")
        INF_ERR.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
        INF_UNDEF = logging.getLogger("INF.UNDEF")
        INF_ERR_UNDEF = logging.getLogger("INF.ERR.UNDEF")
        UNDEF = logging.getLogger("UNDEF")

        # These should log.
        INF_UNDEF.log(logging.CRITICAL, m())
        INF_UNDEF.error(m())
        INF_UNDEF.warning(m())
        INF_UNDEF.info(m())
        INF_ERR_UNDEF.log(logging.CRITICAL, m())
        INF_ERR_UNDEF.error(m())

        # These should not log.
        INF_UNDEF.debug(m())
        INF_ERR_UNDEF.warning(m())
        INF_ERR_UNDEF.info(m())
        INF_ERR_UNDEF.debug(m())

        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('INF.UNDEF', 'CRITICAL', '1'),
            ('INF.UNDEF', 'ERROR', '2'),
            ('INF.UNDEF', 'WARNING', '3'),
            ('INF.UNDEF', 'INFO', '4'),
            ('INF.ERR.UNDEF', 'CRITICAL', '5'),
            ('INF.ERR.UNDEF', 'ERROR', '6'),
        ])

    def test_nested_with_virtual_parent(self):
        # Logging levels when some parent does not exist yet.
        m = self.next_message

        INF = logging.getLogger("INF")
        GRANDCHILD = logging.getLogger("INF.BADPARENT.UNDEF")
        CHILD = logging.getLogger("INF.BADPARENT")
        INF.setLevel(logging.INFO)

        # These should log.
        GRANDCHILD.log(logging.FATAL, m())
        GRANDCHILD.info(m())
        CHILD.log(logging.FATAL, m())
        CHILD.info(m())

        # These should not log.
        GRANDCHILD.debug(m())
        CHILD.debug(m())

        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('INF.BADPARENT.UNDEF', 'CRITICAL', '1'),
            ('INF.BADPARENT.UNDEF', 'INFO', '2'),
            ('INF.BADPARENT', 'CRITICAL', '3'),
            ('INF.BADPARENT', 'INFO', '4'),
        ])

    def test_regression_22386(self):
        """See issue #22386 for more information."""
        self.assertEqual(logging.getLevelName('INFO'), logging.INFO)
        self.assertEqual(logging.getLevelName(logging.INFO), 'INFO')

    def test_issue27935(self):
        fatal = logging.getLevelName('FATAL')
        self.assertEqual(fatal, logging.FATAL)

    def test_regression_29220(self):
        """See issue #29220 for more information."""
        logging.addLevelName(logging.INFO, '')
        self.addCleanup(logging.addLevelName, logging.INFO, 'INFO')
        self.assertEqual(logging.getLevelName(logging.INFO), '')
        self.assertEqual(logging.getLevelName(logging.NOTSET), 'NOTSET')
        self.assertEqual(logging.getLevelName('NOTSET'), logging.NOTSET)

class BasicFilterTest(BaseTest):

    """Test the bundled Filter class."""

    def test_filter(self):
        # Only messages satisfying the specified criteria pass through the
        #  filter.
        filter_ = logging.Filter("spam.eggs")
        handler = self.root_logger.handlers[0]
        try:
            handler.addFilter(filter_)
            spam = logging.getLogger("spam")
            spam_eggs = logging.getLogger("spam.eggs")
            spam_eggs_fish = logging.getLogger("spam.eggs.fish")
            spam_bakedbeans = logging.getLogger("spam.bakedbeans")

            spam.info(self.next_message())
            spam_eggs.info(self.next_message())  # Good.
            spam_eggs_fish.info(self.next_message())  # Good.
            spam_bakedbeans.info(self.next_message())

            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('spam.eggs', 'INFO', '2'),
                ('spam.eggs.fish', 'INFO', '3'),
            ])
        finally:
            handler.removeFilter(filter_)

    def test_callable_filter(self):
        # Only messages satisfying the specified criteria pass through the
        #  filter.

        def filterfunc(record):
            parts = record.name.split('.')
            prefix = '.'.join(parts[:2])
            return prefix == 'spam.eggs'

        handler = self.root_logger.handlers[0]
        try:
            handler.addFilter(filterfunc)
            spam = logging.getLogger("spam")
            spam_eggs = logging.getLogger("spam.eggs")
            spam_eggs_fish = logging.getLogger("spam.eggs.fish")
            spam_bakedbeans = logging.getLogger("spam.bakedbeans")

            spam.info(self.next_message())
            spam_eggs.info(self.next_message())  # Good.
            spam_eggs_fish.info(self.next_message())  # Good.
            spam_bakedbeans.info(self.next_message())

            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('spam.eggs', 'INFO', '2'),
                ('spam.eggs.fish', 'INFO', '3'),
            ])
        finally:
            handler.removeFilter(filterfunc)

    def test_empty_filter(self):
        f = logging.Filter()
        r = logging.makeLogRecord({'name': 'spam.eggs'})
        self.assertTrue(f.filter(r))

#
#   First, we define our levels. There can be as many as you want - the only
#     limitations are that they should be integers, the lowest should be > 0 and
#   larger values mean less information being logged. If you need specific
#   level values which do not fit into these limitations, you can use a
#   mapping dictionary to convert between your application levels and the
#   logging system.
#
SILENT      = 120
TACITURN    = 119
TERSE       = 118
EFFUSIVE    = 117
SOCIABLE    = 116
VERBOSE     = 115
TALKATIVE   = 114
GARRULOUS   = 113
CHATTERBOX  = 112
BORING      = 111

LEVEL_RANGE = range(BORING, SILENT + 1)

#
#   Next, we define names for our levels. You don't need to do this - in which
#   case the system will use "Level n" to denote the text for the level.
#
my_logging_levels = {
    SILENT      : 'Silent',
    TACITURN    : 'Taciturn',
    TERSE       : 'Terse',
    EFFUSIVE    : 'Effusive',
    SOCIABLE    : 'Sociable',
    VERBOSE     : 'Verbose',
    TALKATIVE   : 'Talkative',
    GARRULOUS   : 'Garrulous',
    CHATTERBOX  : 'Chatterbox',
    BORING      : 'Boring',
}

class GarrulousFilter(logging.Filter):

    """A filter which blocks garrulous messages."""

    def filter(self, record):
        return record.levelno != GARRULOUS

class VerySpecificFilter(logging.Filter):

    """A filter which blocks sociable and taciturn messages."""

    def filter(self, record):
        return record.levelno not in [SOCIABLE, TACITURN]


class CustomLevelsAndFiltersTest(BaseTest):

    """Test various filtering possibilities with custom logging levels."""

    # Skip the logger name group.
    expected_log_pat = r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$"

    def setUp(self):
        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        for k, v in my_logging_levels.items():
            logging.addLevelName(k, v)

    def log_at_all_levels(self, logger):
        for lvl in LEVEL_RANGE:
            logger.log(lvl, self.next_message())

    def test_logger_filter(self):
        # Filter at logger level.
        self.root_logger.setLevel(VERBOSE)
        # Levels >= 'Verbose' are good.
        self.log_at_all_levels(self.root_logger)
        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('Verbose', '5'),
            ('Sociable', '6'),
            ('Effusive', '7'),
            ('Terse', '8'),
            ('Taciturn', '9'),
            ('Silent', '10'),
        ])

    def test_handler_filter(self):
        # Filter at handler level.
        self.root_logger.handlers[0].setLevel(SOCIABLE)
        try:
            # Levels >= 'Sociable' are good.
            self.log_at_all_levels(self.root_logger)
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('Sociable', '6'),
                ('Effusive', '7'),
                ('Terse', '8'),
                ('Taciturn', '9'),
                ('Silent', '10'),
            ])
        finally:
            self.root_logger.handlers[0].setLevel(logging.NOTSET)

    def test_specific_filters(self):
        # Set a specific filter object on the handler, and then add another
        #  filter object on the logger itself.
        handler = self.root_logger.handlers[0]
        specific_filter = None
        garr = GarrulousFilter()
        handler.addFilter(garr)
        try:
            self.log_at_all_levels(self.root_logger)
            first_lines = [
                # Notice how 'Garrulous' is missing
                ('Boring', '1'),
                ('Chatterbox', '2'),
                ('Talkative', '4'),
                ('Verbose', '5'),
                ('Sociable', '6'),
                ('Effusive', '7'),
                ('Terse', '8'),
                ('Taciturn', '9'),
                ('Silent', '10'),
            ]
            self.assert_log_lines(first_lines)

            specific_filter = VerySpecificFilter()
            self.root_logger.addFilter(specific_filter)
            self.log_at_all_levels(self.root_logger)
            self.assert_log_lines(first_lines + [
                # Not only 'Garrulous' is still missing, but also 'Sociable'
                # and 'Taciturn'
                ('Boring', '11'),
                ('Chatterbox', '12'),
                ('Talkative', '14'),
                ('Verbose', '15'),
                ('Effusive', '17'),
                ('Terse', '18'),
                ('Silent', '20'),
        ])
        finally:
            if specific_filter:
                self.root_logger.removeFilter(specific_filter)
            handler.removeFilter(garr)


def make_temp_file(*args, **kwargs):
    fd, fn = tempfile.mkstemp(*args, **kwargs)
    os.close(fd)
    return fn


class HandlerTest(BaseTest):
    def test_name(self):
        h = logging.Handler()
        h.name = 'generic'
        self.assertEqual(h.name, 'generic')
        h.name = 'anothergeneric'
        self.assertEqual(h.name, 'anothergeneric')
        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, h.emit, None)

    def test_builtin_handlers(self):
        # We can't actually *use* too many handlers in the tests,
        # but we can try instantiating them with various options
        if sys.platform in ('linux', 'darwin'):
            for existing in (True, False):
                fn = make_temp_file()
                if not existing:
                    os.unlink(fn)
                h = logging.handlers.WatchedFileHandler(fn, encoding='utf-8', delay=True)
                if existing:
                    dev, ino = h.dev, h.ino
                    self.assertEqual(dev, -1)
                    self.assertEqual(ino, -1)
                    r = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'Test'})
                    h.handle(r)
                    # Now remove the file.
                    os.unlink(fn)
                    self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(fn))
                    # The next call should recreate the file.
                    h.handle(r)
                    self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(fn))
                else:
                    self.assertEqual(h.dev, -1)
                    self.assertEqual(h.ino, -1)
                h.close()
                if existing:
                    os.unlink(fn)
            if sys.platform == 'darwin':
                sockname = '/var/run/syslog'
            else:
                sockname = '/dev/log'
            try:
                h = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(sockname)
                self.assertEqual(h.facility, h.LOG_USER)
                self.assertTrue(h.unixsocket)
                h.close()
            except OSError: # syslogd might not be available
                pass
        for method in ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT'):
            if method == 'PUT':
                self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.handlers.HTTPHandler,
                                  'localhost', '/log', method)
            else:
                h = logging.handlers.HTTPHandler('localhost', '/log', method)
                h.close()
        h = logging.handlers.BufferingHandler(0)
        r = logging.makeLogRecord({})
        self.assertTrue(h.shouldFlush(r))
        h.close()
        h = logging.handlers.BufferingHandler(1)
        self.assertFalse(h.shouldFlush(r))
        h.close()

    def test_path_objects(self):
        """
        Test that Path objects are accepted as filename arguments to handlers.

        See Issue #27493.
        """
        fn = make_temp_file()
        os.unlink(fn)
        pfn = pathlib.Path(fn)
        cases = (
                    (logging.FileHandler, (pfn, 'w')),
                    (logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler, (pfn, 'a')),
                    (logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler, (pfn, 'h')),
                )
        if sys.platform in ('linux', 'darwin'):
            cases += ((logging.handlers.WatchedFileHandler, (pfn, 'w')),)
        for cls, args in cases:
            h = cls(*args, encoding="utf-8")
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(fn))
            h.close()
            os.unlink(fn)

    @unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt', 'WatchedFileHandler not appropriate for Windows.')
    @unittest.skipIf(
        support.is_emscripten, "Emscripten cannot fstat unlinked files."
    )
    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
    def test_race(self):
        # Issue #14632 refers.
        def remove_loop(fname, tries):
            for _ in range(tries):
                try:
                    os.unlink(fname)
                    self.deletion_time = time.time()
                except OSError:
                    pass
                time.sleep(0.004 * random.randint(0, 4))

        del_count = 500
        log_count = 500

        self.handle_time = None
        self.deletion_time = None

        for delay in (False, True):
            fn = make_temp_file('.log', 'test_logging-3-')
            remover = threading.Thread(target=remove_loop, args=(fn, del_count))
            remover.daemon = True
            remover.start()
            h = logging.handlers.WatchedFileHandler(fn, encoding='utf-8', delay=delay)
            f = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s: %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
            h.setFormatter(f)
            try:
                for _ in range(log_count):
                    time.sleep(0.005)
                    r = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'testing' })
                    try:
                        self.handle_time = time.time()
                        h.handle(r)
                    except Exception:
                        print('Deleted at %s, '
                              'opened at %s' % (self.deletion_time,
                                                self.handle_time))
                        raise
            finally:
                remover.join()
                h.close()
                if os.path.exists(fn):
                    os.unlink(fn)

    # The implementation relies on os.register_at_fork existing, but we test
    # based on os.fork existing because that is what users and this test use.
    # This helps ensure that when fork exists (the important concept) that the
    # register_at_fork mechanism is also present and used.
    @support.requires_fork()
    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
    def test_post_fork_child_no_deadlock(self):
        """Ensure child logging locks are not held; bpo-6721 & bpo-36533."""
        class _OurHandler(logging.Handler):
            def __init__(self):
                super().__init__()
                self.sub_handler = logging.StreamHandler(
                    stream=open('/dev/null', 'wt', encoding='utf-8'))

            def emit(self, record):
                self.sub_handler.acquire()
                try:
                    self.sub_handler.emit(record)
                finally:
                    self.sub_handler.release()

        self.assertEqual(len(logging._handlers), 0)
        refed_h = _OurHandler()
        self.addCleanup(refed_h.sub_handler.stream.close)
        refed_h.name = 'because we need at least one for this test'
        self.assertGreater(len(logging._handlers), 0)
        self.assertGreater(len(logging._at_fork_reinit_lock_weakset), 1)
        test_logger = logging.getLogger('test_post_fork_child_no_deadlock')
        test_logger.addHandler(refed_h)
        test_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

        locks_held__ready_to_fork = threading.Event()
        fork_happened__release_locks_and_end_thread = threading.Event()

        def lock_holder_thread_fn():
            logging._acquireLock()
            try:
                refed_h.acquire()
                try:
                    # Tell the main thread to do the fork.
                    locks_held__ready_to_fork.set()

                    # If the deadlock bug exists, the fork will happen
                    # without dealing with the locks we hold, deadlocking
                    # the child.

                    # Wait for a successful fork or an unreasonable amount of
                    # time before releasing our locks.  To avoid a timing based
                    # test we'd need communication from os.fork() as to when it
                    # has actually happened.  Given this is a regression test
                    # for a fixed issue, potentially less reliably detecting
                    # regression via timing is acceptable for simplicity.
                    # The test will always take at least this long. :(
                    fork_happened__release_locks_and_end_thread.wait(0.5)
                finally:
                    refed_h.release()
            finally:
                logging._releaseLock()

        lock_holder_thread = threading.Thread(
                target=lock_holder_thread_fn,
                name='test_post_fork_child_no_deadlock lock holder')
        lock_holder_thread.start()

        locks_held__ready_to_fork.wait()
        pid = os.fork()
        if pid == 0:
            # Child process
            try:
                test_logger.info(r'Child process did not deadlock. \o/')
            finally:
                os._exit(0)
        else:
            # Parent process
            test_logger.info(r'Parent process returned from fork. \o/')
            fork_happened__release_locks_and_end_thread.set()
            lock_holder_thread.join()

            support.wait_process(pid, exitcode=0)


class BadStream(object):
    def write(self, data):
        raise RuntimeError('deliberate mistake')

class TestStreamHandler(logging.StreamHandler):
    def handleError(self, record):
        self.error_record = record

class StreamWithIntName(object):
    level = logging.NOTSET
    name = 2

class StreamHandlerTest(BaseTest):
    def test_error_handling(self):
        h = TestStreamHandler(BadStream())
        r = logging.makeLogRecord({})
        old_raise = logging.raiseExceptions

        try:
            h.handle(r)
            self.assertIs(h.error_record, r)

            h = logging.StreamHandler(BadStream())
            with support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                h.handle(r)
                msg = '\nRuntimeError: deliberate mistake\n'
                self.assertIn(msg, stderr.getvalue())

            logging.raiseExceptions = False
            with support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                h.handle(r)
                self.assertEqual('', stderr.getvalue())
        finally:
            logging.raiseExceptions = old_raise

    def test_stream_setting(self):
        """
        Test setting the handler's stream
        """
        h = logging.StreamHandler()
        stream = io.StringIO()
        old = h.setStream(stream)
        self.assertIs(old, sys.stderr)
        actual = h.setStream(old)
        self.assertIs(actual, stream)
        # test that setting to existing value returns None
        actual = h.setStream(old)
        self.assertIsNone(actual)

    def test_can_represent_stream_with_int_name(self):
        h = logging.StreamHandler(StreamWithIntName())
        self.assertEqual(repr(h), '<StreamHandler 2 (NOTSET)>')

# -- The following section could be moved into a server_helper.py module
# -- if it proves to be of wider utility than just test_logging

class TestSMTPServer(smtpd.SMTPServer):
    """
    This class implements a test SMTP server.

    :param addr: A (host, port) tuple which the server listens on.
                 You can specify a port value of zero: the server's
                 *port* attribute will hold the actual port number
                 used, which can be used in client connections.
    :param handler: A callable which will be called to process
                    incoming messages. The handler will be passed
                    the client address tuple, who the message is from,
                    a list of recipients and the message data.
    :param poll_interval: The interval, in seconds, used in the underlying
                          :func:`select` or :func:`poll` call by
                          :func:`asyncore.loop`.
    :param sockmap: A dictionary which will be used to hold
                    :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` instances used by
                    :func:`asyncore.loop`. This avoids changing the
                    :mod:`asyncore` module's global state.
    """

    def __init__(self, addr, handler, poll_interval, sockmap):
        smtpd.SMTPServer.__init__(self, addr, None, map=sockmap,
                                  decode_data=True)
        self.port = self.socket.getsockname()[1]
        self._handler = handler
        self._thread = None
        self._quit = False
        self.poll_interval = poll_interval

    def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
        """
        Delegates to the handler passed in to the server's constructor.

        Typically, this will be a test case method.
        :param peer: The client (host, port) tuple.
        :param mailfrom: The address of the sender.
        :param rcpttos: The addresses of the recipients.
        :param data: The message.
        """
        self._handler(peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data)

    def start(self):
        """
        Start the server running on a separate daemon thread.
        """
        self._thread = t = threading.Thread(target=self.serve_forever,
                                            args=(self.poll_interval,))
        t.daemon = True
        t.start()

    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval):
        """
        Run the :mod:`asyncore` loop until normal termination
        conditions arise.
        :param poll_interval: The interval, in seconds, used in the underlying
                              :func:`select` or :func:`poll` call by
                              :func:`asyncore.loop`.
        """
        while not self._quit:
            asyncore.loop(poll_interval, map=self._map, count=1)

    def stop(self):
        """
        Stop the thread by closing the server instance.
        Wait for the server thread to terminate.
        """
        self._quit = True
        threading_helper.join_thread(self._thread)
        self._thread = None
        self.close()
        asyncore.close_all(map=self._map, ignore_all=True)


class ControlMixin(object):
    """
    This mixin is used to start a server on a separate thread, and
    shut it down programmatically. Request handling is simplified - instead
    of needing to derive a suitable RequestHandler subclass, you just
    provide a callable which will be passed each received request to be
    processed.

    :param handler: A handler callable which will be called with a
                    single parameter - the request - in order to
                    process the request. This handler is called on the
                    server thread, effectively meaning that requests are
                    processed serially. While not quite web scale ;-),
                    this should be fine for testing applications.
    :param poll_interval: The polling interval in seconds.
    """
    def __init__(self, handler, poll_interval):
        self._thread = None
        self.poll_interval = poll_interval
        self._handler = handler
        self.ready = threading.Event()

    def start(self):
        """
        Create a daemon thread to run the server, and start it.
        """
        self._thread = t = threading.Thread(target=self.serve_forever,
                                            args=(self.poll_interval,))
        t.daemon = True
        t.start()

    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval):
        """
        Run the server. Set the ready flag before entering the
        service loop.
        """
        self.ready.set()
        super(ControlMixin, self).serve_forever(poll_interval)

    def stop(self):
        """
        Tell the server thread to stop, and wait for it to do so.
        """
        self.shutdown()
        if self._thread is not None:
            threading_helper.join_thread(self._thread)
            self._thread = None
        self.server_close()
        self.ready.clear()

class TestHTTPServer(ControlMixin, HTTPServer):
    """
    An HTTP server which is controllable using :class:`ControlMixin`.

    :param addr: A tuple with the IP address and port to listen on.
    :param handler: A handler callable which will be called with a
                    single parameter - the request - in order to
                    process the request.
    :param poll_interval: The polling interval in seconds.
    :param log: Pass ``True`` to enable log messages.
    """
    def __init__(self, addr, handler, poll_interval=0.5,
                 log=False, sslctx=None):
        class DelegatingHTTPRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
            def __getattr__(self, name, default=None):
                if name.startswith('do_'):
                    return self.process_request
                raise AttributeError(name)

            def process_request(self):
                self.server._handler(self)

            def log_message(self, format, *args):
                if log:
                    super(DelegatingHTTPRequestHandler,
                          self).log_message(format, *args)
        HTTPServer.__init__(self, addr, DelegatingHTTPRequestHandler)
        ControlMixin.__init__(self, handler, poll_interval)
        self.sslctx = sslctx

    def get_request(self):
        try:
            sock, addr = self.socket.accept()
            if self.sslctx:
                sock = self.sslctx.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=True)
        except OSError as e:
            # socket errors are silenced by the caller, print them here
            sys.stderr.write("Got an error:\n%s\n" % e)
            raise
        return sock, addr

class TestTCPServer(ControlMixin, ThreadingTCPServer):
    """
    A TCP server which is controllable using :class:`ControlMixin`.

    :param addr: A tuple with the IP address and port to listen on.
    :param handler: A handler callable which will be called with a single
                    parameter - the request - in order to process the request.
    :param poll_interval: The polling interval in seconds.
    :bind_and_activate: If True (the default), binds the server and starts it
                        listening. If False, you need to call
                        :meth:`server_bind` and :meth:`server_activate` at
                        some later time before calling :meth:`start`, so that
                        the server will set up the socket and listen on it.
    """

    allow_reuse_address = True

    def __init__(self, addr, handler, poll_interval=0.5,
                 bind_and_activate=True):
        class DelegatingTCPRequestHandler(StreamRequestHandler):

            def handle(self):
                self.server._handler(self)
        ThreadingTCPServer.__init__(self, addr, DelegatingTCPRequestHandler,
                                    bind_and_activate)
        ControlMixin.__init__(self, handler, poll_interval)

    def server_bind(self):
        super(TestTCPServer, self).server_bind()
        self.port = self.socket.getsockname()[1]

class TestUDPServer(ControlMixin, ThreadingUDPServer):
    """
    A UDP server which is controllable using :class:`ControlMixin`.

    :param addr: A tuple with the IP address and port to listen on.
    :param handler: A handler callable which will be called with a
                    single parameter - the request - in order to
                    process the request.
    :param poll_interval: The polling interval for shutdown requests,
                          in seconds.
    :bind_and_activate: If True (the default), binds the server and
                        starts it listening. If False, you need to
                        call :meth:`server_bind` and
                        :meth:`server_activate` at some later time
                        before calling :meth:`start`, so that the server will
                        set up the socket and listen on it.
    """
    def __init__(self, addr, handler, poll_interval=0.5,
                 bind_and_activate=True):
        class DelegatingUDPRequestHandler(DatagramRequestHandler):

            def handle(self):
                self.server._handler(self)

            def finish(self):
                data = self.wfile.getvalue()
                if data:
                    try:
                        super(DelegatingUDPRequestHandler, self).finish()
                    except OSError:
                        if not self.server._closed:
                            raise

        ThreadingUDPServer.__init__(self, addr,
                                    DelegatingUDPRequestHandler,
                                    bind_and_activate)
        ControlMixin.__init__(self, handler, poll_interval)
        self._closed = False

    def server_bind(self):
        super(TestUDPServer, self).server_bind()
        self.port = self.socket.getsockname()[1]

    def server_close(self):
        super(TestUDPServer, self).server_close()
        self._closed = True

if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"):
    class TestUnixStreamServer(TestTCPServer):
        address_family = socket.AF_UNIX

    class TestUnixDatagramServer(TestUDPServer):
        address_family = socket.AF_UNIX

# - end of server_helper section

@support.requires_working_socket()
@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
class SMTPHandlerTest(BaseTest):
    # bpo-14314, bpo-19665, bpo-34092: don't wait forever
    TIMEOUT = support.LONG_TIMEOUT

    def test_basic(self):
        sockmap = {}
        server = TestSMTPServer((socket_helper.HOST, 0), self.process_message, 0.001,
                                sockmap)
        server.start()
        addr = (socket_helper.HOST, server.port)
        h = logging.handlers.SMTPHandler(addr, 'me', 'you', 'Log',
                                         timeout=self.TIMEOUT)
        self.assertEqual(h.toaddrs, ['you'])
        self.messages = []
        r = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'Hello \u2713'})
        self.handled = threading.Event()
        h.handle(r)
        self.handled.wait(self.TIMEOUT)
        server.stop()
        self.assertTrue(self.handled.is_set())
        self.assertEqual(len(self.messages), 1)
        peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data = self.messages[0]
        self.assertEqual(mailfrom, 'me')
        self.assertEqual(rcpttos, ['you'])
        self.assertIn('\nSubject: Log\n', data)
        self.assertTrue(data.endswith('\n\nHello \u2713'))
        h.close()

    def process_message(self, *args):
        self.messages.append(args)
        self.handled.set()

class MemoryHandlerTest(BaseTest):

    """Tests for the MemoryHandler."""

    # Do not bother with a logger name group.
    expected_log_pat = r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$"

    def setUp(self):
        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        self.mem_hdlr = logging.handlers.MemoryHandler(10, logging.WARNING,
                                                       self.root_hdlr)
        self.mem_logger = logging.getLogger('mem')
        self.mem_logger.propagate = 0
        self.mem_logger.addHandler(self.mem_hdlr)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.mem_hdlr.close()
        BaseTest.tearDown(self)

    def test_flush(self):
        # The memory handler flushes to its target handler based on specific
        #  criteria (message count and message level).
        self.mem_logger.debug(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([])
        self.mem_logger.info(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([])
        # This will flush because the level is >= logging.WARNING
        self.mem_logger.warning(self.next_message())
        lines = [
            ('DEBUG', '1'),
            ('INFO', '2'),
            ('WARNING', '3'),
        ]
        self.assert_log_lines(lines)
        for n in (4, 14):
            for i in range(9):
                self.mem_logger.debug(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines(lines)
            # This will flush because it's the 10th message since the last
            #  flush.
            self.mem_logger.debug(self.next_message())
            lines = lines + [('DEBUG', str(i)) for i in range(n, n + 10)]
            self.assert_log_lines(lines)

        self.mem_logger.debug(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines(lines)

    def test_flush_on_close(self):
        """
        Test that the flush-on-close configuration works as expected.
        """
        self.mem_logger.debug(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([])
        self.mem_logger.info(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([])
        self.mem_logger.removeHandler(self.mem_hdlr)
        # Default behaviour is to flush on close. Check that it happens.
        self.mem_hdlr.close()
        lines = [
            ('DEBUG', '1'),
            ('INFO', '2'),
        ]
        self.assert_log_lines(lines)
        # Now configure for flushing not to be done on close.
        self.mem_hdlr = logging.handlers.MemoryHandler(10, logging.WARNING,
                                                       self.root_hdlr,
                                                       False)
        self.mem_logger.addHandler(self.mem_hdlr)
        self.mem_logger.debug(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines(lines)  # no change
        self.mem_logger.info(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines(lines)  # no change
        self.mem_logger.removeHandler(self.mem_hdlr)
        self.mem_hdlr.close()
        # assert that no new lines have been added
        self.assert_log_lines(lines)  # no change

    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
    def test_race_between_set_target_and_flush(self):
        class MockRaceConditionHandler:
            def __init__(self, mem_hdlr):
                self.mem_hdlr = mem_hdlr
                self.threads = []

            def removeTarget(self):
                self.mem_hdlr.setTarget(None)

            def handle(self, msg):
                thread = threading.Thread(target=self.removeTarget)
                self.threads.append(thread)
                thread.start()

        target = MockRaceConditionHandler(self.mem_hdlr)
        try:
            self.mem_hdlr.setTarget(target)

            for _ in range(10):
                time.sleep(0.005)
                self.mem_logger.info("not flushed")
                self.mem_logger.warning("flushed")
        finally:
            for thread in target.threads:
                threading_helper.join_thread(thread)


class ExceptionFormatter(logging.Formatter):
    """A special exception formatter."""
    def formatException(self, ei):
        return "Got a [%s]" % ei[0].__name__

def closeFileHandler(h, fn):
    h.close()
    os.remove(fn)

class ConfigFileTest(BaseTest):

    """Reading logging config from a .ini-style config file."""

    check_no_resource_warning = warnings_helper.check_no_resource_warning
    expected_log_pat = r"^(\w+) \+\+ (\w+)$"

    # config0 is a standard configuration.
    config0 = """
    [loggers]
    keys=root

    [handlers]
    keys=hand1

    [formatters]
    keys=form1

    [logger_root]
    level=WARNING
    handlers=hand1

    [handler_hand1]
    class=StreamHandler
    level=NOTSET
    formatter=form1
    args=(sys.stdout,)

    [formatter_form1]
    format=%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s
    datefmt=
    """

    # config1 adds a little to the standard configuration.
    config1 = """
    [loggers]
    keys=root,parser

    [handlers]
    keys=hand1

    [formatters]
    keys=form1

    [logger_root]
    level=WARNING
    handlers=

    [logger_parser]
    level=DEBUG
    handlers=hand1
    propagate=1
    qualname=compiler.parser

    [handler_hand1]
    class=StreamHandler
    level=NOTSET
    formatter=form1
    args=(sys.stdout,)

    [formatter_form1]
    format=%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s
    datefmt=
    """

    # config1a moves the handler to the root.
    config1a = """
    [loggers]
    keys=root,parser

    [handlers]
    keys=hand1

    [formatters]
    keys=form1

    [logger_root]
    level=WARNING
    handlers=hand1

    [logger_parser]
    level=DEBUG
    handlers=
    propagate=1
    qualname=compiler.parser

    [handler_hand1]
    class=StreamHandler
    level=NOTSET
    formatter=form1
    args=(sys.stdout,)

    [formatter_form1]
    format=%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s
    datefmt=
    """

    # config2 has a subtle configuration error that should be reported
    config2 = config1.replace("sys.stdout", "sys.stbout")

    # config3 has a less subtle configuration error
    config3 = config1.replace("formatter=form1", "formatter=misspelled_name")

    # config4 specifies a custom formatter class to be loaded
    config4 = """
    [loggers]
    keys=root

    [handlers]
    keys=hand1

    [formatters]
    keys=form1

    [logger_root]
    level=NOTSET
    handlers=hand1

    [handler_hand1]
    class=StreamHandler
    level=NOTSET
    formatter=form1
    args=(sys.stdout,)

    [formatter_form1]
    class=""" + __name__ + """.ExceptionFormatter
    format=%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s
    datefmt=
    """

    # config5 specifies a custom handler class to be loaded
    config5 = config1.replace('class=StreamHandler', 'class=logging.StreamHandler')

    # config6 uses ', ' delimiters in the handlers and formatters sections
    config6 = """
    [loggers]
    keys=root,parser

    [handlers]
    keys=hand1, hand2

    [formatters]
    keys=form1, form2

    [logger_root]
    level=WARNING
    handlers=

    [logger_parser]
    level=DEBUG
    handlers=hand1
    propagate=1
    qualname=compiler.parser

    [handler_hand1]
    class=StreamHandler
    level=NOTSET
    formatter=form1
    args=(sys.stdout,)

    [handler_hand2]
    class=StreamHandler
    level=NOTSET
    formatter=form1
    args=(sys.stderr,)

    [formatter_form1]
    format=%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s
    datefmt=

    [formatter_form2]
    format=%(message)s
    datefmt=
    """

    # config7 adds a compiler logger, and uses kwargs instead of args.
    config7 = """
    [loggers]
    keys=root,parser,compiler

    [handlers]
    keys=hand1

    [formatters]
    keys=form1

    [logger_root]
    level=WARNING
    handlers=hand1

    [logger_compiler]
    level=DEBUG
    handlers=
    propagate=1
    qualname=compiler

    [logger_parser]
    level=DEBUG
    handlers=
    propagate=1
    qualname=compiler.parser

    [handler_hand1]
    class=StreamHandler
    level=NOTSET
    formatter=form1
    kwargs={'stream': sys.stdout,}

    [formatter_form1]
    format=%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s
    datefmt=
    """

    # config 8, check for resource warning
    config8 = r"""
    [loggers]
    keys=root

    [handlers]
    keys=file

    [formatters]
    keys=

    [logger_root]
    level=DEBUG
    handlers=file

    [handler_file]
    class=FileHandler
    level=DEBUG
    args=("{tempfile}",)
    kwargs={{"encoding": "utf-8"}}
    """

    disable_test = """
    [loggers]
    keys=root

    [handlers]
    keys=screen

    [formatters]
    keys=

    [logger_root]
    level=DEBUG
    handlers=screen

    [handler_screen]
    level=DEBUG
    class=StreamHandler
    args=(sys.stdout,)
    formatter=
    """

    def apply_config(self, conf, **kwargs):
        file = io.StringIO(textwrap.dedent(conf))
        logging.config.fileConfig(file, encoding="utf-8", **kwargs)

    def test_config0_ok(self):
        # A simple config file which overrides the default settings.
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config0)
            logger = logging.getLogger()
            # Won't output anything
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            # Outputs a message
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('ERROR', '2'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config0_using_cp_ok(self):
        # A simple config file which overrides the default settings.
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            file = io.StringIO(textwrap.dedent(self.config0))
            cp = configparser.ConfigParser()
            cp.read_file(file)
            logging.config.fileConfig(cp)
            logger = logging.getLogger()
            # Won't output anything
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            # Outputs a message
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('ERROR', '2'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config1_ok(self, config=config1):
        # A config file defining a sub-parser as well.
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(config)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '1'),
                ('ERROR', '2'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config2_failure(self):
        # A simple config file which overrides the default settings.
        self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config2)

    def test_config3_failure(self):
        # A simple config file which overrides the default settings.
        self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config3)

    def test_config4_ok(self):
        # A config file specifying a custom formatter class.
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config4)
            logger = logging.getLogger()
            try:
                raise RuntimeError()
            except RuntimeError:
                logging.exception("just testing")
            sys.stdout.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(output.getvalue(),
                "ERROR:root:just testing\nGot a [RuntimeError]\n")
            # Original logger output is empty
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config5_ok(self):
        self.test_config1_ok(config=self.config5)

    def test_config6_ok(self):
        self.test_config1_ok(config=self.config6)

    def test_config7_ok(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config1a)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # See issue #11424. compiler-hyphenated sorts
            # between compiler and compiler.xyz and this
            # was preventing compiler.xyz from being included
            # in the child loggers of compiler because of an
            # overzealous loop termination condition.
            hyphenated = logging.getLogger('compiler-hyphenated')
            # All will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            hyphenated.critical(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '1'),
                ('ERROR', '2'),
                ('CRITICAL', '3'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config7)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            self.assertFalse(logger.disabled)
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.lexer")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            # Will not appear
            hyphenated.critical(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '4'),
                ('ERROR', '5'),
                ('INFO', '6'),
                ('ERROR', '7'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config8_ok(self):

        with self.check_no_resource_warning():
            fn = make_temp_file(".log", "test_logging-X-")

            # Replace single backslash with double backslash in windows
            # to avoid unicode error during string formatting
            if os.name == "nt":
                fn = fn.replace("\\", "\\\\")

            config8 = self.config8.format(tempfile=fn)

            self.apply_config(config8)
            self.apply_config(config8)

        handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
        self.addCleanup(closeFileHandler, handler, fn)

    def test_logger_disabling(self):
        self.apply_config(self.disable_test)
        logger = logging.getLogger('some_pristine_logger')
        self.assertFalse(logger.disabled)
        self.apply_config(self.disable_test)
        self.assertTrue(logger.disabled)
        self.apply_config(self.disable_test, disable_existing_loggers=False)
        self.assertFalse(logger.disabled)

    def test_config_set_handler_names(self):
        test_config = """
            [loggers]
            keys=root

            [handlers]
            keys=hand1

            [formatters]
            keys=form1

            [logger_root]
            handlers=hand1

            [handler_hand1]
            class=StreamHandler
            formatter=form1

            [formatter_form1]
            format=%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s
            """
        self.apply_config(test_config)
        self.assertEqual(logging.getLogger().handlers[0].name, 'hand1')

    def test_defaults_do_no_interpolation(self):
        """bpo-33802 defaults should not get interpolated"""
        ini = textwrap.dedent("""
            [formatters]
            keys=default

            [formatter_default]

            [handlers]
            keys=console

            [handler_console]
            class=logging.StreamHandler
            args=tuple()

            [loggers]
            keys=root

            [logger_root]
            formatter=default
            handlers=console
            """).strip()
        fd, fn = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='test_logging_', suffix='.ini')
        try:
            os.write(fd, ini.encode('ascii'))
            os.close(fd)
            logging.config.fileConfig(
                fn,
                encoding="utf-8",
                defaults=dict(
                    version=1,
                    disable_existing_loggers=False,
                    formatters={
                        "generic": {
                            "format": "%(asctime)s [%(process)d] [%(levelname)s] %(message)s",
                            "datefmt": "[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z]",
                            "class": "logging.Formatter"
                        },
                    },
                )
            )
        finally:
            os.unlink(fn)


@support.requires_working_socket()
@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
class SocketHandlerTest(BaseTest):

    """Test for SocketHandler objects."""

    server_class = TestTCPServer
    address = ('localhost', 0)

    def setUp(self):
        """Set up a TCP server to receive log messages, and a SocketHandler
        pointing to that server's address and port."""
        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        # Issue #29177: deal with errors that happen during setup
        self.server = self.sock_hdlr = self.server_exception = None
        try:
            self.server = server = self.server_class(self.address,
                                                     self.handle_socket, 0.01)
            server.start()
            # Uncomment next line to test error recovery in setUp()
            # raise OSError('dummy error raised')
        except OSError as e:
            self.server_exception = e
            return
        server.ready.wait()
        hcls = logging.handlers.SocketHandler
        if isinstance(server.server_address, tuple):
            self.sock_hdlr = hcls('localhost', server.port)
        else:
            self.sock_hdlr = hcls(server.server_address, None)
        self.log_output = ''
        self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.root_logger.handlers[0])
        self.root_logger.addHandler(self.sock_hdlr)
        self.handled = threading.Semaphore(0)

    def tearDown(self):
        """Shutdown the TCP server."""
        try:
            if self.sock_hdlr:
                self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.sock_hdlr)
                self.sock_hdlr.close()
            if self.server:
                self.server.stop()
        finally:
            BaseTest.tearDown(self)

    def handle_socket(self, request):
        conn = request.connection
        while True:
            chunk = conn.recv(4)
            if len(chunk) < 4:
                break
            slen = struct.unpack(">L", chunk)[0]
            chunk = conn.recv(slen)
            while len(chunk) < slen:
                chunk = chunk + conn.recv(slen - len(chunk))
            obj = pickle.loads(chunk)
            record = logging.makeLogRecord(obj)
            self.log_output += record.msg + '\n'
            self.handled.release()

    def test_output(self):
        # The log message sent to the SocketHandler is properly received.
        if self.server_exception:
            self.skipTest(self.server_exception)
        logger = logging.getLogger("tcp")
        logger.error("spam")
        self.handled.acquire()
        logger.debug("eggs")
        self.handled.acquire()
        self.assertEqual(self.log_output, "spam\neggs\n")

    def test_noserver(self):
        if self.server_exception:
            self.skipTest(self.server_exception)
        # Avoid timing-related failures due to SocketHandler's own hard-wired
        # one-second timeout on socket.create_connection() (issue #16264).
        self.sock_hdlr.retryStart = 2.5
        # Kill the server
        self.server.stop()
        # The logging call should try to connect, which should fail
        try:
            raise RuntimeError('Deliberate mistake')
        except RuntimeError:
            self.root_logger.exception('Never sent')
        self.root_logger.error('Never sent, either')
        now = time.time()
        self.assertGreater(self.sock_hdlr.retryTime, now)
        time.sleep(self.sock_hdlr.retryTime - now + 0.001)
        self.root_logger.error('Nor this')

def _get_temp_domain_socket():
    fn = make_temp_file(prefix='test_logging_', suffix='.sock')
    # just need a name - file can't be present, or we'll get an
    # 'address already in use' error.
    os.remove(fn)
    return fn

@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"), "Unix sockets required")
class UnixSocketHandlerTest(SocketHandlerTest):

    """Test for SocketHandler with unix sockets."""

    if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"):
        server_class = TestUnixStreamServer

    def setUp(self):
        # override the definition in the base class
        self.address = _get_temp_domain_socket()
        SocketHandlerTest.setUp(self)

    def tearDown(self):
        SocketHandlerTest.tearDown(self)
        os_helper.unlink(self.address)

@support.requires_working_socket()
@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
class DatagramHandlerTest(BaseTest):

    """Test for DatagramHandler."""

    server_class = TestUDPServer
    address = ('localhost', 0)

    def setUp(self):
        """Set up a UDP server to receive log messages, and a DatagramHandler
        pointing to that server's address and port."""
        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        # Issue #29177: deal with errors that happen during setup
        self.server = self.sock_hdlr = self.server_exception = None
        try:
            self.server = server = self.server_class(self.address,
                                                     self.handle_datagram, 0.01)
            server.start()
            # Uncomment next line to test error recovery in setUp()
            # raise OSError('dummy error raised')
        except OSError as e:
            self.server_exception = e
            return
        server.ready.wait()
        hcls = logging.handlers.DatagramHandler
        if isinstance(server.server_address, tuple):
            self.sock_hdlr = hcls('localhost', server.port)
        else:
            self.sock_hdlr = hcls(server.server_address, None)
        self.log_output = ''
        self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.root_logger.handlers[0])
        self.root_logger.addHandler(self.sock_hdlr)
        self.handled = threading.Event()

    def tearDown(self):
        """Shutdown the UDP server."""
        try:
            if self.server:
                self.server.stop()
            if self.sock_hdlr:
                self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.sock_hdlr)
                self.sock_hdlr.close()
        finally:
            BaseTest.tearDown(self)

    def handle_datagram(self, request):
        slen = struct.pack('>L', 0) # length of prefix
        packet = request.packet[len(slen):]
        obj = pickle.loads(packet)
        record = logging.makeLogRecord(obj)
        self.log_output += record.msg + '\n'
        self.handled.set()

    def test_output(self):
        # The log message sent to the DatagramHandler is properly received.
        if self.server_exception:
            self.skipTest(self.server_exception)
        logger = logging.getLogger("udp")
        logger.error("spam")
        self.handled.wait()
        self.handled.clear()
        logger.error("eggs")
        self.handled.wait()
        self.assertEqual(self.log_output, "spam\neggs\n")

@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"), "Unix sockets required")
class UnixDatagramHandlerTest(DatagramHandlerTest):

    """Test for DatagramHandler using Unix sockets."""

    if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"):
        server_class = TestUnixDatagramServer

    def setUp(self):
        # override the definition in the base class
        self.address = _get_temp_domain_socket()
        DatagramHandlerTest.setUp(self)

    def tearDown(self):
        DatagramHandlerTest.tearDown(self)
        os_helper.unlink(self.address)

@support.requires_working_socket()
@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
class SysLogHandlerTest(BaseTest):

    """Test for SysLogHandler using UDP."""

    server_class = TestUDPServer
    address = ('localhost', 0)

    def setUp(self):
        """Set up a UDP server to receive log messages, and a SysLogHandler
        pointing to that server's address and port."""
        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        # Issue #29177: deal with errors that happen during setup
        self.server = self.sl_hdlr = self.server_exception = None
        try:
            self.server = server = self.server_class(self.address,
                                                     self.handle_datagram, 0.01)
            server.start()
            # Uncomment next line to test error recovery in setUp()
            # raise OSError('dummy error raised')
        except OSError as e:
            self.server_exception = e
            return
        server.ready.wait()
        hcls = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler
        if isinstance(server.server_address, tuple):
            self.sl_hdlr = hcls((server.server_address[0], server.port))
        else:
            self.sl_hdlr = hcls(server.server_address)
        self.log_output = ''
        self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.root_logger.handlers[0])
        self.root_logger.addHandler(self.sl_hdlr)
        self.handled = threading.Event()

    def tearDown(self):
        """Shutdown the server."""
        try:
            if self.server:
                self.server.stop()
            if self.sl_hdlr:
                self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.sl_hdlr)
                self.sl_hdlr.close()
        finally:
            BaseTest.tearDown(self)

    def handle_datagram(self, request):
        self.log_output = request.packet
        self.handled.set()

    def test_output(self):
        if self.server_exception:
            self.skipTest(self.server_exception)
        # The log message sent to the SysLogHandler is properly received.
        logger = logging.getLogger("slh")
        logger.error("sp\xe4m")
        self.handled.wait()
        self.assertEqual(self.log_output, b'<11>sp\xc3\xa4m\x00')
        self.handled.clear()
        self.sl_hdlr.append_nul = False
        logger.error("sp\xe4m")
        self.handled.wait()
        self.assertEqual(self.log_output, b'<11>sp\xc3\xa4m')
        self.handled.clear()
        self.sl_hdlr.ident = "h\xe4m-"
        logger.error("sp\xe4m")
        self.handled.wait()
        self.assertEqual(self.log_output, b'<11>h\xc3\xa4m-sp\xc3\xa4m')

    def test_udp_reconnection(self):
        logger = logging.getLogger("slh")
        self.sl_hdlr.close()
        self.handled.clear()
        logger.error("sp\xe4m")
        self.handled.wait(0.1)
        self.assertEqual(self.log_output, b'<11>sp\xc3\xa4m\x00')

@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"), "Unix sockets required")
class UnixSysLogHandlerTest(SysLogHandlerTest):

    """Test for SysLogHandler with Unix sockets."""

    if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"):
        server_class = TestUnixDatagramServer

    def setUp(self):
        # override the definition in the base class
        self.address = _get_temp_domain_socket()
        SysLogHandlerTest.setUp(self)

    def tearDown(self):
        SysLogHandlerTest.tearDown(self)
        os_helper.unlink(self.address)

@unittest.skipUnless(socket_helper.IPV6_ENABLED,
                     'IPv6 support required for this test.')
class IPv6SysLogHandlerTest(SysLogHandlerTest):

    """Test for SysLogHandler with IPv6 host."""

    server_class = TestUDPServer
    address = ('::1', 0)

    def setUp(self):
        self.server_class.address_family = socket.AF_INET6
        super(IPv6SysLogHandlerTest, self).setUp()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.server_class.address_family = socket.AF_INET
        super(IPv6SysLogHandlerTest, self).tearDown()

@support.requires_working_socket()
@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
class HTTPHandlerTest(BaseTest):
    """Test for HTTPHandler."""

    def setUp(self):
        """Set up an HTTP server to receive log messages, and a HTTPHandler
        pointing to that server's address and port."""
        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        self.handled = threading.Event()

    def handle_request(self, request):
        self.command = request.command
        self.log_data = urlparse(request.path)
        if self.command == 'POST':
            try:
                rlen = int(request.headers['Content-Length'])
                self.post_data = request.rfile.read(rlen)
            except:
                self.post_data = None
        request.send_response(200)
        request.end_headers()
        self.handled.set()

    def test_output(self):
        # The log message sent to the HTTPHandler is properly received.
        logger = logging.getLogger("http")
        root_logger = self.root_logger
        root_logger.removeHandler(self.root_logger.handlers[0])
        for secure in (False, True):
            addr = ('localhost', 0)
            if secure:
                try:
                    import ssl
                except ImportError:
                    sslctx = None
                else:
                    here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
                    localhost_cert = os.path.join(here, "keycert.pem")
                    sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
                    sslctx.load_cert_chain(localhost_cert)

                    context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=localhost_cert)
            else:
                sslctx = None
                context = None
            self.server = server = TestHTTPServer(addr, self.handle_request,
                                                    0.01, sslctx=sslctx)
            server.start()
            server.ready.wait()
            host = 'localhost:%d' % server.server_port
            secure_client = secure and sslctx
            self.h_hdlr = logging.handlers.HTTPHandler(host, '/frob',
                                                       secure=secure_client,
                                                       context=context,
                                                       credentials=('foo', 'bar'))
            self.log_data = None
            root_logger.addHandler(self.h_hdlr)

            for method in ('GET', 'POST'):
                self.h_hdlr.method = method
                self.handled.clear()
                msg = "sp\xe4m"
                logger.error(msg)
                self.handled.wait()
                self.assertEqual(self.log_data.path, '/frob')
                self.assertEqual(self.command, method)
                if method == 'GET':
                    d = parse_qs(self.log_data.query)
                else:
                    d = parse_qs(self.post_data.decode('utf-8'))
                self.assertEqual(d['name'], ['http'])
                self.assertEqual(d['funcName'], ['test_output'])
                self.assertEqual(d['msg'], [msg])

            self.server.stop()
            self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.h_hdlr)
            self.h_hdlr.close()

class MemoryTest(BaseTest):

    """Test memory persistence of logger objects."""

    def setUp(self):
        """Create a dict to remember potentially destroyed objects."""
        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        self._survivors = {}

    def _watch_for_survival(self, *args):
        """Watch the given objects for survival, by creating weakrefs to
        them."""
        for obj in args:
            key = id(obj), repr(obj)
            self._survivors[key] = weakref.ref(obj)

    def _assertTruesurvival(self):
        """Assert that all objects watched for survival have survived."""
        # Trigger cycle breaking.
        gc.collect()
        dead = []
        for (id_, repr_), ref in self._survivors.items():
            if ref() is None:
                dead.append(repr_)
        if dead:
            self.fail("%d objects should have survived "
                "but have been destroyed: %s" % (len(dead), ", ".join(dead)))

    def test_persistent_loggers(self):
        # Logger objects are persistent and retain their configuration, even
        #  if visible references are destroyed.
        self.root_logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
        foo = logging.getLogger("foo")
        self._watch_for_survival(foo)
        foo.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
        self.root_logger.debug(self.next_message())
        foo.debug(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('foo', 'DEBUG', '2'),
        ])
        del foo
        # foo has survived.
        self._assertTruesurvival()
        # foo has retained its settings.
        bar = logging.getLogger("foo")
        bar.debug(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('foo', 'DEBUG', '2'),
            ('foo', 'DEBUG', '3'),
        ])


class EncodingTest(BaseTest):
    def test_encoding_plain_file(self):
        # In Python 2.x, a plain file object is treated as having no encoding.
        log = logging.getLogger("test")
        fn = make_temp_file(".log", "test_logging-1-")
        # the non-ascii data we write to the log.
        data = "foo\x80"
        try:
            handler = logging.FileHandler(fn, encoding="utf-8")
            log.addHandler(handler)
            try:
                # write non-ascii data to the log.
                log.warning(data)
            finally:
                log.removeHandler(handler)
                handler.close()
            # check we wrote exactly those bytes, ignoring trailing \n etc
            f = open(fn, encoding="utf-8")
            try:
                self.assertEqual(f.read().rstrip(), data)
            finally:
                f.close()
        finally:
            if os.path.isfile(fn):
                os.remove(fn)

    def test_encoding_cyrillic_unicode(self):
        log = logging.getLogger("test")
        # Get a message in Unicode: Do svidanya in Cyrillic (meaning goodbye)
        message = '\u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f'
        # Ensure it's written in a Cyrillic encoding
        writer_class = codecs.getwriter('cp1251')
        writer_class.encoding = 'cp1251'
        stream = io.BytesIO()
        writer = writer_class(stream, 'strict')
        handler = logging.StreamHandler(writer)
        log.addHandler(handler)
        try:
            log.warning(message)
        finally:
            log.removeHandler(handler)
            handler.close()
        # check we wrote exactly those bytes, ignoring trailing \n etc
        s = stream.getvalue()
        # Compare against what the data should be when encoded in CP-1251
        self.assertEqual(s, b'\xe4\xee \xf1\xe2\xe8\xe4\xe0\xed\xe8\xff\n')


class WarningsTest(BaseTest):

    def test_warnings(self):
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            logging.captureWarnings(True)
            self.addCleanup(logging.captureWarnings, False)
            warnings.filterwarnings("always", category=UserWarning)
            stream = io.StringIO()
            h = logging.StreamHandler(stream)
            logger = logging.getLogger("py.warnings")
            logger.addHandler(h)
            warnings.warn("I'm warning you...")
            logger.removeHandler(h)
            s = stream.getvalue()
            h.close()
            self.assertGreater(s.find("UserWarning: I'm warning you...\n"), 0)

            # See if an explicit file uses the original implementation
            a_file = io.StringIO()
            warnings.showwarning("Explicit", UserWarning, "dummy.py", 42,
                                 a_file, "Dummy line")
            s = a_file.getvalue()
            a_file.close()
            self.assertEqual(s,
                "dummy.py:42: UserWarning: Explicit\n  Dummy line\n")

    def test_warnings_no_handlers(self):
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            logging.captureWarnings(True)
            self.addCleanup(logging.captureWarnings, False)

            # confirm our assumption: no loggers are set
            logger = logging.getLogger("py.warnings")
            self.assertEqual(logger.handlers, [])

            warnings.showwarning("Explicit", UserWarning, "dummy.py", 42)
            self.assertEqual(len(logger.handlers), 1)
            self.assertIsInstance(logger.handlers[0], logging.NullHandler)


def formatFunc(format, datefmt=None):
    return logging.Formatter(format, datefmt)

class myCustomFormatter:
    def __init__(self, fmt, datefmt=None):
        pass

def handlerFunc():
    return logging.StreamHandler()

class CustomHandler(logging.StreamHandler):
    pass

class CustomListener(logging.handlers.QueueListener):
    pass

class CustomQueue(queue.Queue):
    pass

def queueMaker():
    return queue.Queue()

def listenerMaker(arg1, arg2, respect_handler_level=False):
    def func(queue, *handlers, **kwargs):
        kwargs.setdefault('respect_handler_level', respect_handler_level)
        return CustomListener(queue, *handlers, **kwargs)
    return func

class ConfigDictTest(BaseTest):

    """Reading logging config from a dictionary."""

    check_no_resource_warning = warnings_helper.check_no_resource_warning
    expected_log_pat = r"^(\w+) \+\+ (\w+)$"

    # config0 is a standard configuration.
    config0 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
            'handlers' : ['hand1'],
        },
    }

    # config1 adds a little to the standard configuration.
    config1 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # config1a moves the handler to the root. Used with config8a
    config1a = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
            'handlers' : ['hand1'],
        },
    }

    # config2 has a subtle configuration error that should be reported
    config2 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdbout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # As config1 but with a misspelt level on a handler
    config2a = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NTOSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }


    # As config1 but with a misspelt level on a logger
    config2b = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WRANING',
        },
    }

    # config3 has a less subtle configuration error
    config3 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'misspelled_name',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # config4 specifies a custom formatter class to be loaded
    config4 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                '()' : __name__ + '.ExceptionFormatter',
                'format' : '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
        },
    }

    # As config4 but using an actual callable rather than a string
    config4a = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                '()' : ExceptionFormatter,
                'format' : '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s',
            },
            'form2' : {
                '()' : __name__ + '.formatFunc',
                'format' : '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s',
            },
            'form3' : {
                '()' : formatFunc,
                'format' : '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
            'hand2' : {
                '()' : handlerFunc,
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
        },
    }

    # config5 specifies a custom handler class to be loaded
    config5 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : __name__ + '.CustomHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # config6 specifies a custom handler class to be loaded
    # but has bad arguments
    config6 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : __name__ + '.CustomHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
                '9' : 'invalid parameter name',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # config 7 does not define compiler.parser but defines compiler.lexer
    # so compiler.parser should be disabled after applying it
    config7 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.lexer' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # config8 defines both compiler and compiler.lexer
    # so compiler.parser should not be disabled (since
    # compiler is defined)
    config8 = {
        'version': 1,
        'disable_existing_loggers' : False,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
            'compiler.lexer' : {
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # config8a disables existing loggers
    config8a = {
        'version': 1,
        'disable_existing_loggers' : True,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
            'compiler.lexer' : {
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    config9 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'WARNING',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'WARNING',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'NOTSET',
        },
    }

    config9a = {
        'version': 1,
        'incremental' : True,
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'level' : 'WARNING',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'INFO',
            },
        },
    }

    config9b = {
        'version': 1,
        'incremental' : True,
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'level' : 'INFO',
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'INFO',
            },
        },
    }

    # As config1 but with a filter added
    config10 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'filters' : {
            'filt1' : {
                'name' : 'compiler.parser',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
                'filters' : ['filt1'],
            },
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'filters' : ['filt1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
            'handlers' : ['hand1'],
        },
    }

    # As config1 but using cfg:// references
    config11 = {
        'version': 1,
        'true_formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handler_configs': {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'formatters' : 'cfg://true_formatters',
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : 'cfg://handler_configs[hand1]',
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # As config11 but missing the version key
    config12 = {
        'true_formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handler_configs': {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'formatters' : 'cfg://true_formatters',
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : 'cfg://handler_configs[hand1]',
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # As config11 but using an unsupported version
    config13 = {
        'version': 2,
        'true_formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handler_configs': {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        'formatters' : 'cfg://true_formatters',
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : 'cfg://handler_configs[hand1]',
        },
        'loggers' : {
            'compiler.parser' : {
                'level' : 'DEBUG',
                'handlers' : ['hand1'],
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
        },
    }

    # As config0, but with properties
    config14 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1' : {
                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter' : 'form1',
                'level' : 'NOTSET',
                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
                '.': {
                    'foo': 'bar',
                    'terminator': '!\n',
                }
            },
        },
        'root' : {
            'level' : 'WARNING',
            'handlers' : ['hand1'],
        },
    }

    bad_format = {
        "version": 1,
        "formatters": {
            "mySimpleFormatter": {
                "format": "%(asctime)s (%(name)s) %(levelname)s: %(message)s",
                "style": "$"
            }
        },
        "handlers": {
            "fileGlobal": {
                "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
                "level": "DEBUG",
                "formatter": "mySimpleFormatter"
            },
            "bufferGlobal": {
                "class": "logging.handlers.MemoryHandler",
                "capacity": 5,
                "formatter": "mySimpleFormatter",
                "target": "fileGlobal",
                "level": "DEBUG"
            }
        },
        "loggers": {
            "mymodule": {
                "level": "DEBUG",
                "handlers": ["bufferGlobal"],
                "propagate": "true"
            }
        }
    }

    # Configuration with custom logging.Formatter subclass as '()' key and 'validate' set to False
    custom_formatter_class_validate = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1': {
                '()': __name__ + '.ExceptionFormatter',
                'format': '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s',
                'validate': False,
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter': 'form1',
                'level': 'NOTSET',
                'stream': 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        "loggers": {
            "my_test_logger_custom_formatter": {
                "level": "DEBUG",
                "handlers": ["hand1"],
                "propagate": "true"
            }
        }
    }

    # Configuration with custom logging.Formatter subclass as 'class' key and 'validate' set to False
    custom_formatter_class_validate2 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1': {
                'class': __name__ + '.ExceptionFormatter',
                'format': '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s',
                'validate': False,
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter': 'form1',
                'level': 'NOTSET',
                'stream': 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        "loggers": {
            "my_test_logger_custom_formatter": {
                "level": "DEBUG",
                "handlers": ["hand1"],
                "propagate": "true"
            }
        }
    }

    # Configuration with custom class that is not inherited from logging.Formatter
    custom_formatter_class_validate3 = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1': {
                'class': __name__ + '.myCustomFormatter',
                'format': '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s',
                'validate': False,
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter': 'form1',
                'level': 'NOTSET',
                'stream': 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        "loggers": {
            "my_test_logger_custom_formatter": {
                "level": "DEBUG",
                "handlers": ["hand1"],
                "propagate": "true"
            }
        }
    }

    # Configuration with custom function and 'validate' set to False
    custom_formatter_with_function = {
        'version': 1,
        'formatters': {
            'form1': {
                '()': formatFunc,
                'format': '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s',
                'validate': False,
            },
        },
        'handlers' : {
            'hand1' : {
                'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
                'formatter': 'form1',
                'level': 'NOTSET',
                'stream': 'ext://sys.stdout',
            },
        },
        "loggers": {
            "my_test_logger_custom_formatter": {
                "level": "DEBUG",
                "handlers": ["hand1"],
                "propagate": "true"
            }
        }
    }

    config_queue_handler = {
        'version': 1,
        'handlers' : {
            'h1' : {
                'class': 'logging.FileHandler',
            },
             # key is before depended on handlers to test that deferred config works
            'ah' : {
                'class': 'logging.handlers.QueueHandler',
                'handlers': ['h1']
            },
        },
        "root": {
            "level": "DEBUG",
            "handlers": ["ah"]
        }
    }

    def apply_config(self, conf):
        logging.config.dictConfig(conf)

    def check_handler(self, name, cls):
        h = logging.getHandlerByName(name)
        self.assertIsInstance(h, cls)

    def test_config0_ok(self):
        # A simple config which overrides the default settings.
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config0)
            self.check_handler('hand1', logging.StreamHandler)
            logger = logging.getLogger()
            # Won't output anything
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            # Outputs a message
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('ERROR', '2'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config1_ok(self, config=config1):
        # A config defining a sub-parser as well.
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(config)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '1'),
                ('ERROR', '2'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config2_failure(self):
        # A simple config which overrides the default settings.
        self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config2)

    def test_config2a_failure(self):
        # A simple config which overrides the default settings.
        self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config2a)

    def test_config2b_failure(self):
        # A simple config which overrides the default settings.
        self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config2b)

    def test_config3_failure(self):
        # A simple config which overrides the default settings.
        self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config3)

    def test_config4_ok(self):
        # A config specifying a custom formatter class.
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config4)
            self.check_handler('hand1', logging.StreamHandler)
            #logger = logging.getLogger()
            try:
                raise RuntimeError()
            except RuntimeError:
                logging.exception("just testing")
            sys.stdout.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(output.getvalue(),
                "ERROR:root:just testing\nGot a [RuntimeError]\n")
            # Original logger output is empty
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config4a_ok(self):
        # A config specifying a custom formatter class.
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config4a)
            #logger = logging.getLogger()
            try:
                raise RuntimeError()
            except RuntimeError:
                logging.exception("just testing")
            sys.stdout.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(output.getvalue(),
                "ERROR:root:just testing\nGot a [RuntimeError]\n")
            # Original logger output is empty
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config5_ok(self):
        self.test_config1_ok(config=self.config5)
        self.check_handler('hand1', CustomHandler)

    def test_config6_failure(self):
        self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config6)

    def test_config7_ok(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config1)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '1'),
                ('ERROR', '2'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config7)
            self.check_handler('hand1', logging.StreamHandler)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            self.assertTrue(logger.disabled)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.lexer")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '3'),
                ('ERROR', '4'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    # Same as test_config_7_ok but don't disable old loggers.
    def test_config_8_ok(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config1)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # All will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '1'),
                ('ERROR', '2'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config8)
            self.check_handler('hand1', logging.StreamHandler)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            self.assertFalse(logger.disabled)
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.lexer")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '3'),
                ('ERROR', '4'),
                ('INFO', '5'),
                ('ERROR', '6'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config_8a_ok(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config1a)
            self.check_handler('hand1', logging.StreamHandler)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # See issue #11424. compiler-hyphenated sorts
            # between compiler and compiler.xyz and this
            # was preventing compiler.xyz from being included
            # in the child loggers of compiler because of an
            # overzealous loop termination condition.
            hyphenated = logging.getLogger('compiler-hyphenated')
            # All will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            hyphenated.critical(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '1'),
                ('ERROR', '2'),
                ('CRITICAL', '3'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config8a)
            self.check_handler('hand1', logging.StreamHandler)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            self.assertFalse(logger.disabled)
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.lexer")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            # Will not appear
            hyphenated.critical(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '4'),
                ('ERROR', '5'),
                ('INFO', '6'),
                ('ERROR', '7'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    def test_config_9_ok(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config9)
            self.check_handler('hand1', logging.StreamHandler)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # Nothing will be output since both handler and logger are set to WARNING
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([], stream=output)
            self.apply_config(self.config9a)
            # Nothing will be output since handler is still set to WARNING
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([], stream=output)
            self.apply_config(self.config9b)
            # Message should now be output
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '3'),
            ], stream=output)

    def test_config_10_ok(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config10)
            self.check_handler('hand1', logging.StreamHandler)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            logger.warning(self.next_message())
            logger = logging.getLogger('compiler')
            # Not output, because filtered
            logger.warning(self.next_message())
            logger = logging.getLogger('compiler.lexer')
            # Not output, because filtered
            logger.warning(self.next_message())
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser.codegen")
            # Output, as not filtered
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('WARNING', '1'),
                ('ERROR', '4'),
            ], stream=output)

    def test_config11_ok(self):
        self.test_config1_ok(self.config11)

    def test_config12_failure(self):
        self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config12)

    def test_config13_failure(self):
        self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config13)

    def test_config14_ok(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.apply_config(self.config14)
            h = logging._handlers['hand1']
            self.assertEqual(h.foo, 'bar')
            self.assertEqual(h.terminator, '!\n')
            logging.warning('Exclamation')
            self.assertTrue(output.getvalue().endswith('Exclamation!\n'))

    def test_config15_ok(self):

        with self.check_no_resource_warning():
            fn = make_temp_file(".log", "test_logging-X-")

            config = {
                "version": 1,
                "handlers": {
                    "file": {
                        "class": "logging.FileHandler",
                        "filename": fn,
                        "encoding": "utf-8",
                    }
                },
                "root": {
                    "handlers": ["file"]
                }
            }

            self.apply_config(config)
            self.apply_config(config)

        handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
        self.addCleanup(closeFileHandler, handler, fn)

    def setup_via_listener(self, text, verify=None):
        text = text.encode("utf-8")
        # Ask for a randomly assigned port (by using port 0)
        t = logging.config.listen(0, verify)
        t.start()
        t.ready.wait()
        # Now get the port allocated
        port = t.port
        t.ready.clear()
        try:
            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            sock.settimeout(2.0)
            sock.connect(('localhost', port))

            slen = struct.pack('>L', len(text))
            s = slen + text
            sentsofar = 0
            left = len(s)
            while left > 0:
                sent = sock.send(s[sentsofar:])
                sentsofar += sent
                left -= sent
            sock.close()
        finally:
            t.ready.wait(2.0)
            logging.config.stopListening()
            threading_helper.join_thread(t)

    @support.requires_working_socket()
    def test_listen_config_10_ok(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.setup_via_listener(json.dumps(self.config10))
            self.check_handler('hand1', logging.StreamHandler)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            logger.warning(self.next_message())
            logger = logging.getLogger('compiler')
            # Not output, because filtered
            logger.warning(self.next_message())
            logger = logging.getLogger('compiler.lexer')
            # Not output, because filtered
            logger.warning(self.next_message())
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser.codegen")
            # Output, as not filtered
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('WARNING', '1'),
                ('ERROR', '4'),
            ], stream=output)

    @support.requires_working_socket()
    def test_listen_config_1_ok(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.setup_via_listener(textwrap.dedent(ConfigFileTest.config1))
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.assert_log_lines([
                ('INFO', '1'),
                ('ERROR', '2'),
            ], stream=output)
            # Original logger output is empty.
            self.assert_log_lines([])

    @support.requires_working_socket()
    def test_listen_verify(self):

        def verify_fail(stuff):
            return None

        def verify_reverse(stuff):
            return stuff[::-1]

        logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
        to_send = textwrap.dedent(ConfigFileTest.config1)
        # First, specify a verification function that will fail.
        # We expect to see no output, since our configuration
        # never took effect.
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.setup_via_listener(to_send, verify_fail)
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([], stream=output)
        # Original logger output has the stuff we logged.
        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('INFO', '1'),
            ('ERROR', '2'),
        ], pat=r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$")

        # Now, perform no verification. Our configuration
        # should take effect.

        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.setup_via_listener(to_send)    # no verify callable specified
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('INFO', '3'),
            ('ERROR', '4'),
        ], stream=output)
        # Original logger output still has the stuff we logged before.
        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('INFO', '1'),
            ('ERROR', '2'),
        ], pat=r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$")

        # Now, perform verification which transforms the bytes.

        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            self.setup_via_listener(to_send[::-1], verify_reverse)
            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
            # Both will output a message
            logger.info(self.next_message())
            logger.error(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('INFO', '5'),
            ('ERROR', '6'),
        ], stream=output)
        # Original logger output still has the stuff we logged before.
        self.assert_log_lines([
            ('INFO', '1'),
            ('ERROR', '2'),
        ], pat=r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$")

    def test_bad_format(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.apply_config, self.bad_format)

    def test_bad_format_with_dollar_style(self):
        config = copy.deepcopy(self.bad_format)
        config['formatters']['mySimpleFormatter']['format'] = "${asctime} (${name}) ${levelname}: ${message}"

        self.apply_config(config)
        handler = logging.getLogger('mymodule').handlers[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(handler.target, logging.Handler)
        self.assertIsInstance(handler.formatter._style,
                              logging.StringTemplateStyle)
        self.assertEqual(sorted(logging.getHandlerNames()),
                         ['bufferGlobal', 'fileGlobal'])

    def test_custom_formatter_class_with_validate(self):
        self.apply_config(self.custom_formatter_class_validate)
        handler = logging.getLogger("my_test_logger_custom_formatter").handlers[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(handler.formatter, ExceptionFormatter)

    def test_custom_formatter_class_with_validate2(self):
        self.apply_config(self.custom_formatter_class_validate2)
        handler = logging.getLogger("my_test_logger_custom_formatter").handlers[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(handler.formatter, ExceptionFormatter)

    def test_custom_formatter_class_with_validate2_with_wrong_fmt(self):
        config = self.custom_formatter_class_validate.copy()
        config['formatters']['form1']['style'] = "$"

        # Exception should not be raised as we have configured 'validate' to False
        self.apply_config(config)
        handler = logging.getLogger("my_test_logger_custom_formatter").handlers[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(handler.formatter, ExceptionFormatter)

    def test_custom_formatter_class_with_validate3(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.apply_config, self.custom_formatter_class_validate3)

    def test_custom_formatter_function_with_validate(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.apply_config, self.custom_formatter_with_function)

    def test_baseconfig(self):
        d = {
            'atuple': (1, 2, 3),
            'alist': ['a', 'b', 'c'],
            'adict': {'d': 'e', 'f': 3 },
            'nest1': ('g', ('h', 'i'), 'j'),
            'nest2': ['k', ['l', 'm'], 'n'],
            'nest3': ['o', 'cfg://alist', 'p'],
        }
        bc = logging.config.BaseConfigurator(d)
        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://atuple[1]'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://alist[1]'), 'b')
        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://nest1[1][0]'), 'h')
        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://nest2[1][1]'), 'm')
        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict.d'), 'e')
        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[f]'), 3)
        v = bc.convert('cfg://nest3')
        self.assertEqual(v.pop(1), ['a', 'b', 'c'])
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, bc.convert, 'cfg://nosuch')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bc.convert, 'cfg://!')
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, bc.convert, 'cfg://adict[2]')

    def test_namedtuple(self):
        # see bpo-39142
        from collections import namedtuple

        class MyHandler(logging.StreamHandler):
            def __init__(self, resource, *args, **kwargs):
                super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
                self.resource: namedtuple = resource

            def emit(self, record):
                record.msg += f' {self.resource.type}'
                return super().emit(record)

        Resource = namedtuple('Resource', ['type', 'labels'])
        resource = Resource(type='my_type', labels=['a'])

        config = {
            'version': 1,
            'handlers': {
                'myhandler': {
                    '()': MyHandler,
                    'resource': resource
                }
            },
            'root':  {'level': 'INFO', 'handlers': ['myhandler']},
        }
        with support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
            self.apply_config(config)
            logging.info('some log')
        self.assertEqual(stderr.getvalue(), 'some log my_type\n')

    def test_config_callable_filter_works(self):
        def filter_(_):
            return 1
        self.apply_config({
            "version": 1, "root": {"level": "DEBUG", "filters": [filter_]}
        })
        assert logging.getLogger().filters[0] is filter_
        logging.getLogger().filters = []

    def test_config_filter_works(self):
        filter_ = logging.Filter("spam.eggs")
        self.apply_config({
            "version": 1, "root": {"level": "DEBUG", "filters": [filter_]}
        })
        assert logging.getLogger().filters[0] is filter_
        logging.getLogger().filters = []

    def test_config_filter_method_works(self):
        class FakeFilter:
            def filter(self, _):
                return 1
        filter_ = FakeFilter()
        self.apply_config({
            "version": 1, "root": {"level": "DEBUG", "filters": [filter_]}
        })
        assert logging.getLogger().filters[0] is filter_
        logging.getLogger().filters = []

    def test_invalid_type_raises(self):
        class NotAFilter: pass
        for filter_ in [None, 1, NotAFilter()]:
            self.assertRaises(
                ValueError,
                self.apply_config,
                {"version": 1, "root": {"level": "DEBUG", "filters": [filter_]}}
            )

    def do_queuehandler_configuration(self, qspec, lspec):
        cd = copy.deepcopy(self.config_queue_handler)
        fn = make_temp_file('.log', 'test_logging-cqh-')
        cd['handlers']['h1']['filename'] = fn
        if qspec is not None:
            cd['handlers']['ah']['queue'] = qspec
        if lspec is not None:
            cd['handlers']['ah']['listener'] = lspec
        qh = None
        delay = 0.01
        try:
            self.apply_config(cd)
            qh = logging.getHandlerByName('ah')
            self.assertEqual(sorted(logging.getHandlerNames()), ['ah', 'h1'])
            self.assertIsNotNone(qh.listener)
            qh.listener.start()
            # Need to let the listener thread get started
            time.sleep(delay)
            logging.debug('foo')
            logging.info('bar')
            logging.warning('baz')
            # Need to let the listener thread finish its work
            time.sleep(delay)
            with open(fn, encoding='utf-8') as f:
                data = f.read().splitlines()
            self.assertEqual(data, ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
        finally:
            if qh:
                qh.listener.stop()
            h = logging.getHandlerByName('h1')
            if h:
                self.addCleanup(closeFileHandler, h, fn)
            else:
                self.addCleanup(os.remove, fn)

    def test_config_queue_handler(self):
        q = CustomQueue()
        dq = {
            '()': __name__ + '.CustomQueue',
            'maxsize': 10
        }
        dl = {
            '()': __name__ + '.listenerMaker',
            'arg1': None,
            'arg2': None,
            'respect_handler_level': True
        }
        qvalues = (None, __name__ + '.queueMaker', __name__ + '.CustomQueue', dq, q)
        lvalues = (None, __name__ + '.CustomListener', dl, CustomListener)
        for qspec, lspec in itertools.product(qvalues, lvalues):
            self.do_queuehandler_configuration(qspec, lspec)

        # Some failure cases
        qvalues = (None, 4, int, '', 'foo')
        lvalues = (None, 4, int, '', 'bar')
        for qspec, lspec in itertools.product(qvalues, lvalues):
            if lspec is None and qspec is None:
                continue
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
                self.do_queuehandler_configuration(qspec, lspec)
            msg = str(ctx.exception)
            self.assertEqual(msg, "Unable to configure handler 'ah'")


class ManagerTest(BaseTest):
    def test_manager_loggerclass(self):
        logged = []

        class MyLogger(logging.Logger):
            def _log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None):
                logged.append(msg)

        man = logging.Manager(None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, man.setLoggerClass, int)
        man.setLoggerClass(MyLogger)
        logger = man.getLogger('test')
        logger.warning('should appear in logged')
        logging.warning('should not appear in logged')

        self.assertEqual(logged, ['should appear in logged'])

    def test_set_log_record_factory(self):
        man = logging.Manager(None)
        expected = object()
        man.setLogRecordFactory(expected)
        self.assertEqual(man.logRecordFactory, expected)

class ChildLoggerTest(BaseTest):
    def test_child_loggers(self):
        r = logging.getLogger()
        l1 = logging.getLogger('abc')
        l2 = logging.getLogger('def.ghi')
        c1 = r.getChild('xyz')
        c2 = r.getChild('uvw.xyz')
        self.assertIs(c1, logging.getLogger('xyz'))
        self.assertIs(c2, logging.getLogger('uvw.xyz'))
        c1 = l1.getChild('def')
        c2 = c1.getChild('ghi')
        c3 = l1.getChild('def.ghi')
        self.assertIs(c1, logging.getLogger('abc.def'))
        self.assertIs(c2, logging.getLogger('abc.def.ghi'))
        self.assertIs(c2, c3)


class DerivedLogRecord(logging.LogRecord):
    pass

class LogRecordFactoryTest(BaseTest):

    def setUp(self):
        class CheckingFilter(logging.Filter):
            def __init__(self, cls):
                self.cls = cls

            def filter(self, record):
                t = type(record)
                if t is not self.cls:
                    msg = 'Unexpected LogRecord type %s, expected %s' % (t,
                            self.cls)
                    raise TypeError(msg)
                return True

        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        self.filter = CheckingFilter(DerivedLogRecord)
        self.root_logger.addFilter(self.filter)
        self.orig_factory = logging.getLogRecordFactory()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.root_logger.removeFilter(self.filter)
        BaseTest.tearDown(self)
        logging.setLogRecordFactory(self.orig_factory)

    def test_logrecord_class(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.root_logger.warning,
                          self.next_message())
        logging.setLogRecordFactory(DerivedLogRecord)
        self.root_logger.error(self.next_message())
        self.assert_log_lines([
           ('root', 'ERROR', '2'),
        ])


@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
class QueueHandlerTest(BaseTest):
    # Do not bother with a logger name group.
    expected_log_pat = r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$"

    def setUp(self):
        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        self.queue = queue.Queue(-1)
        self.que_hdlr = logging.handlers.QueueHandler(self.queue)
        self.name = 'que'
        self.que_logger = logging.getLogger('que')
        self.que_logger.propagate = False
        self.que_logger.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
        self.que_logger.addHandler(self.que_hdlr)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.que_hdlr.close()
        BaseTest.tearDown(self)

    def test_queue_handler(self):
        self.que_logger.debug(self.next_message())
        self.assertRaises(queue.Empty, self.queue.get_nowait)
        self.que_logger.info(self.next_message())
        self.assertRaises(queue.Empty, self.queue.get_nowait)
        msg = self.next_message()
        self.que_logger.warning(msg)
        data = self.queue.get_nowait()
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(data, logging.LogRecord))
        self.assertEqual(data.name, self.que_logger.name)
        self.assertEqual((data.msg, data.args), (msg, None))

    def test_formatting(self):
        msg = self.next_message()
        levelname = logging.getLevelName(logging.WARNING)
        log_format_str = '{name} -> {levelname}: {message}'
        formatted_msg = log_format_str.format(name=self.name,
                                              levelname=levelname, message=msg)
        formatter = logging.Formatter(self.log_format)
        self.que_hdlr.setFormatter(formatter)
        self.que_logger.warning(msg)
        log_record = self.queue.get_nowait()
        self.assertEqual(formatted_msg, log_record.msg)
        self.assertEqual(formatted_msg, log_record.message)

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(logging.handlers, 'QueueListener'),
                         'logging.handlers.QueueListener required for this test')
    def test_queue_listener(self):
        handler = TestHandler(support.Matcher())
        listener = logging.handlers.QueueListener(self.queue, handler)
        listener.start()
        try:
            self.que_logger.warning(self.next_message())
            self.que_logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.que_logger.critical(self.next_message())
        finally:
            listener.stop()
        self.assertTrue(handler.matches(levelno=logging.WARNING, message='1'))
        self.assertTrue(handler.matches(levelno=logging.ERROR, message='2'))
        self.assertTrue(handler.matches(levelno=logging.CRITICAL, message='3'))
        handler.close()

        # Now test with respect_handler_level set

        handler = TestHandler(support.Matcher())
        handler.setLevel(logging.CRITICAL)
        listener = logging.handlers.QueueListener(self.queue, handler,
                                                  respect_handler_level=True)
        listener.start()
        try:
            self.que_logger.warning(self.next_message())
            self.que_logger.error(self.next_message())
            self.que_logger.critical(self.next_message())
        finally:
            listener.stop()
        self.assertFalse(handler.matches(levelno=logging.WARNING, message='4'))
        self.assertFalse(handler.matches(levelno=logging.ERROR, message='5'))
        self.assertTrue(handler.matches(levelno=logging.CRITICAL, message='6'))
        handler.close()

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(logging.handlers, 'QueueListener'),
                         'logging.handlers.QueueListener required for this test')
    def test_queue_listener_with_StreamHandler(self):
        # Test that traceback only appends once (bpo-34334).
        listener = logging.handlers.QueueListener(self.queue, self.root_hdlr)
        listener.start()
        try:
            1 / 0
        except ZeroDivisionError as e:
            exc = e
            self.que_logger.exception(self.next_message(), exc_info=exc)
        listener.stop()
        self.assertEqual(self.stream.getvalue().strip().count('Traceback'), 1)

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(logging.handlers, 'QueueListener'),
                         'logging.handlers.QueueListener required for this test')
    def test_queue_listener_with_multiple_handlers(self):
        # Test that queue handler format doesn't affect other handler formats (bpo-35726).
        self.que_hdlr.setFormatter(self.root_formatter)
        self.que_logger.addHandler(self.root_hdlr)

        listener = logging.handlers.QueueListener(self.queue, self.que_hdlr)
        listener.start()
        self.que_logger.error("error")
        listener.stop()
        self.assertEqual(self.stream.getvalue().strip(), "que -> ERROR: error")

if hasattr(logging.handlers, 'QueueListener'):
    import multiprocessing
    from unittest.mock import patch

    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
    class QueueListenerTest(BaseTest):
        """
        Tests based on patch submitted for issue #27930. Ensure that
        QueueListener handles all log messages.
        """

        repeat = 20

        @staticmethod
        def setup_and_log(log_queue, ident):
            """
            Creates a logger with a QueueHandler that logs to a queue read by a
            QueueListener. Starts the listener, logs five messages, and stops
            the listener.
            """
            logger = logging.getLogger('test_logger_with_id_%s' % ident)
            logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
            handler = logging.handlers.QueueHandler(log_queue)
            logger.addHandler(handler)
            listener = logging.handlers.QueueListener(log_queue)
            listener.start()

            logger.info('one')
            logger.info('two')
            logger.info('three')
            logger.info('four')
            logger.info('five')

            listener.stop()
            logger.removeHandler(handler)
            handler.close()

        @patch.object(logging.handlers.QueueListener, 'handle')
        def test_handle_called_with_queue_queue(self, mock_handle):
            for i in range(self.repeat):
                log_queue = queue.Queue()
                self.setup_and_log(log_queue, '%s_%s' % (self.id(), i))
            self.assertEqual(mock_handle.call_count, 5 * self.repeat,
                             'correct number of handled log messages')

        @patch.object(logging.handlers.QueueListener, 'handle')
        def test_handle_called_with_mp_queue(self, mock_handle):
            # bpo-28668: The multiprocessing (mp) module is not functional
            # when the mp.synchronize module cannot be imported.
            support.skip_if_broken_multiprocessing_synchronize()
            for i in range(self.repeat):
                log_queue = multiprocessing.Queue()
                self.setup_and_log(log_queue, '%s_%s' % (self.id(), i))
                log_queue.close()
                log_queue.join_thread()
            self.assertEqual(mock_handle.call_count, 5 * self.repeat,
                             'correct number of handled log messages')

        @staticmethod
        def get_all_from_queue(log_queue):
            try:
                while True:
                    yield log_queue.get_nowait()
            except queue.Empty:
                return []

        def test_no_messages_in_queue_after_stop(self):
            """
            Five messages are logged then the QueueListener is stopped. This
            test then gets everything off the queue. Failure of this test
            indicates that messages were not registered on the queue until
            _after_ the QueueListener stopped.
            """
            # bpo-28668: The multiprocessing (mp) module is not functional
            # when the mp.synchronize module cannot be imported.
            support.skip_if_broken_multiprocessing_synchronize()
            for i in range(self.repeat):
                queue = multiprocessing.Queue()
                self.setup_and_log(queue, '%s_%s' %(self.id(), i))
                # time.sleep(1)
                items = list(self.get_all_from_queue(queue))
                queue.close()
                queue.join_thread()

                expected = [[], [logging.handlers.QueueListener._sentinel]]
                self.assertIn(items, expected,
                              'Found unexpected messages in queue: %s' % (
                                    [m.msg if isinstance(m, logging.LogRecord)
                                     else m for m in items]))

        def test_calls_task_done_after_stop(self):
            # Issue 36813: Make sure queue.join does not deadlock.
            log_queue = queue.Queue()
            listener = logging.handlers.QueueListener(log_queue)
            listener.start()
            listener.stop()
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                # Make sure all tasks are done and .join won't block.
                log_queue.task_done()


ZERO = datetime.timedelta(0)

class UTC(datetime.tzinfo):
    def utcoffset(self, dt):
        return ZERO

    dst = utcoffset

    def tzname(self, dt):
        return 'UTC'

utc = UTC()

class AssertErrorMessage:

    def assert_error_message(self, exception, message, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            self.assertRaises((), *args, **kwargs)
        except exception as e:
            self.assertEqual(message, str(e))

class FormatterTest(unittest.TestCase, AssertErrorMessage):
    def setUp(self):
        self.common = {
            'name': 'formatter.test',
            'level': logging.DEBUG,
            'pathname': os.path.join('path', 'to', 'dummy.ext'),
            'lineno': 42,
            'exc_info': None,
            'func': None,
            'msg': 'Message with %d %s',
            'args': (2, 'placeholders'),
        }
        self.variants = {
            'custom': {
                'custom': 1234
            }
        }

    def get_record(self, name=None):
        result = dict(self.common)
        if name is not None:
            result.update(self.variants[name])
        return logging.makeLogRecord(result)

    def test_percent(self):
        # Test %-formatting
        r = self.get_record()
        f = logging.Formatter('${%(message)s}')
        self.assertEqual(f.format(r), '${Message with 2 placeholders}')
        f = logging.Formatter('%(random)s')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, f.format, r)
        self.assertFalse(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s')
        self.assertTrue(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)-15s')
        self.assertTrue(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)#15s')
        self.assertTrue(f.usesTime())

    def test_braces(self):
        # Test {}-formatting
        r = self.get_record()
        f = logging.Formatter('$%{message}%$', style='{')
        self.assertEqual(f.format(r), '$%Message with 2 placeholders%$')
        f = logging.Formatter('{random}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, f.format, r)
        f = logging.Formatter("{message}", style='{')
        self.assertFalse(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('{asctime}', style='{')
        self.assertTrue(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('{asctime!s:15}', style='{')
        self.assertTrue(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('{asctime:15}', style='{')
        self.assertTrue(f.usesTime())

    def test_dollars(self):
        # Test $-formatting
        r = self.get_record()
        f = logging.Formatter('${message}', style='$')
        self.assertEqual(f.format(r), 'Message with 2 placeholders')
        f = logging.Formatter('$message', style='$')
        self.assertEqual(f.format(r), 'Message with 2 placeholders')
        f = logging.Formatter('$$%${message}%$$', style='$')
        self.assertEqual(f.format(r), '$%Message with 2 placeholders%$')
        f = logging.Formatter('${random}', style='$')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, f.format, r)
        self.assertFalse(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('${asctime}', style='$')
        self.assertTrue(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('$asctime', style='$')
        self.assertTrue(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('${message}', style='$')
        self.assertFalse(f.usesTime())
        f = logging.Formatter('${asctime}--', style='$')
        self.assertTrue(f.usesTime())

    def test_format_validate(self):
        # Check correct formatting
        # Percentage style
        f = logging.Formatter("%(levelname)-15s - %(message) 5s - %(process)03d - %(module) - %(asctime)*.3s")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "%(levelname)-15s - %(message) 5s - %(process)03d - %(module) - %(asctime)*.3s")
        f = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)*s - %(asctime)*.3s - %(process)-34.33o")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "%(asctime)*s - %(asctime)*.3s - %(process)-34.33o")
        f = logging.Formatter("%(process)#+027.23X")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "%(process)#+027.23X")
        f = logging.Formatter("%(foo)#.*g")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "%(foo)#.*g")

        # StrFormat Style
        f = logging.Formatter("$%{message}%$ - {asctime!a:15} - {customfield['key']}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "$%{message}%$ - {asctime!a:15} - {customfield['key']}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{process:.2f} - {custom.f:.4f}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{process:.2f} - {custom.f:.4f}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{customfield!s:#<30}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{customfield!s:#<30}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{message!r}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{message!r}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{message!s}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{message!s}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{message!a}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{message!a}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{process!r:4.2}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{process!r:4.2}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{process!s:<#30,.12f}- {custom:=+#30,.1d} - {module:^30}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{process!s:<#30,.12f}- {custom:=+#30,.1d} - {module:^30}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{process!s:{w},.{p}}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{process!s:{w},.{p}}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{foo:12.{p}}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{foo:12.{p}}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{foo:{w}.6}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{foo:{w}.6}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{foo[0].bar[1].baz}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{foo[0].bar[1].baz}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{foo[k1].bar[k2].baz}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{foo[k1].bar[k2].baz}")
        f = logging.Formatter("{12[k1].bar[k2].baz}", style="{")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "{12[k1].bar[k2].baz}")

        # Dollar style
        f = logging.Formatter("${asctime} - $message", style="$")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "${asctime} - $message")
        f = logging.Formatter("$bar $$", style="$")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "$bar $$")
        f = logging.Formatter("$bar $$$$", style="$")
        self.assertEqual(f._fmt, "$bar $$$$")  # this would print two $($$)

        # Testing when ValueError being raised from incorrect format
        # Percentage Style
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, "%(asctime)Z")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, "%(asctime)b")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, "%(asctime)*")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, "%(asctime)*3s")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, "%(asctime)_")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{asctime}')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '${message}')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '%(foo)#12.3*f')  # with both * and decimal number as precision
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '%(foo)0*.8*f')

        # StrFormat Style
        # Testing failure for '-' in field name
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: invalid field name/expression: 'name-thing'",
            logging.Formatter, "{name-thing}", style="{"
        )
        # Testing failure for style mismatch
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: no fields",
            logging.Formatter, '%(asctime)s', style='{'
        )
        # Testing failure for invalid conversion
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid conversion: 'Z'"
        )
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{asctime!s:#30,15f}', style='{')
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: expected ':' after conversion specifier",
            logging.Formatter, '{asctime!aa:15}', style='{'
        )
        # Testing failure for invalid spec
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: bad specifier: '.2ff'",
            logging.Formatter, '{process:.2ff}', style='{'
        )
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{process:.2Z}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{process!s:<##30,12g}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{process!s:<#30#,12g}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{process!s:{{w}},{{p}}}', style='{')
        # Testing failure for mismatch braces
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: expected '}' before end of string",
            logging.Formatter, '{process', style='{'
        )
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: Single '}' encountered in format string",
            logging.Formatter, 'process}', style='{'
        )
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{{foo!r:4.2}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{{foo!r:4.2}}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{foo/bar}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{foo:{{w}}.{{p}}}}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{foo!X:{{w}}.{{p}}}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{foo!a:random}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{foo!a:ran{dom}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{foo!a:ran{d}om}', style='{')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '{foo.!a:d}', style='{')

        # Dollar style
        # Testing failure for mismatch bare $
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: bare \'$\' not allowed",
            logging.Formatter, '$bar $$$', style='$'
        )
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: bare \'$\' not allowed",
            logging.Formatter, 'bar $', style='$'
        )
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: bare \'$\' not allowed",
            logging.Formatter, 'foo $.', style='$'
        )
        # Testing failure for mismatch style
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: no fields",
            logging.Formatter, '{asctime}', style='$'
        )
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '%(asctime)s', style='$')

        # Testing failure for incorrect fields
        self.assert_error_message(
            ValueError,
            "invalid format: no fields",
            logging.Formatter, 'foo', style='$'
        )
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, '${asctime', style='$')

    def test_defaults_parameter(self):
        fmts = ['%(custom)s %(message)s', '{custom} {message}', '$custom $message']
        styles = ['%', '{', '$']
        for fmt, style in zip(fmts, styles):
            f = logging.Formatter(fmt, style=style, defaults={'custom': 'Default'})
            r = self.get_record()
            self.assertEqual(f.format(r), 'Default Message with 2 placeholders')
            r = self.get_record("custom")
            self.assertEqual(f.format(r), '1234 Message with 2 placeholders')

            # Without default
            f = logging.Formatter(fmt, style=style)
            r = self.get_record()
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, f.format, r)

            # Non-existing default is ignored
            f = logging.Formatter(fmt, style=style, defaults={'Non-existing': 'Default'})
            r = self.get_record("custom")
            self.assertEqual(f.format(r), '1234 Message with 2 placeholders')

    def test_invalid_style(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.Formatter, None, None, 'x')

    def test_time(self):
        r = self.get_record()
        dt = datetime.datetime(1993, 4, 21, 8, 3, 0, 0, utc)
        # We use None to indicate we want the local timezone
        # We're essentially converting a UTC time to local time
        r.created = time.mktime(dt.astimezone(None).timetuple())
        r.msecs = 123
        f = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s')
        f.converter = time.gmtime
        self.assertEqual(f.formatTime(r), '1993-04-21 08:03:00,123')
        self.assertEqual(f.formatTime(r, '%Y:%d'), '1993:21')
        f.format(r)
        self.assertEqual(r.asctime, '1993-04-21 08:03:00,123')

    def test_default_msec_format_none(self):
        class NoMsecFormatter(logging.Formatter):
            default_msec_format = None
            default_time_format = '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S'

        r = self.get_record()
        dt = datetime.datetime(1993, 4, 21, 8, 3, 0, 123, utc)
        r.created = time.mktime(dt.astimezone(None).timetuple())
        f = NoMsecFormatter()
        f.converter = time.gmtime
        self.assertEqual(f.formatTime(r), '21/04/1993 08:03:00')


class TestBufferingFormatter(logging.BufferingFormatter):
    def formatHeader(self, records):
        return '[(%d)' % len(records)

    def formatFooter(self, records):
        return '(%d)]' % len(records)

class BufferingFormatterTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.records = [
            logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'one'}),
            logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'two'}),
        ]

    def test_default(self):
        f = logging.BufferingFormatter()
        self.assertEqual('', f.format([]))
        self.assertEqual('onetwo', f.format(self.records))

    def test_custom(self):
        f = TestBufferingFormatter()
        self.assertEqual('[(2)onetwo(2)]', f.format(self.records))
        lf = logging.Formatter('<%(message)s>')
        f = TestBufferingFormatter(lf)
        self.assertEqual('[(2)<one><two>(2)]', f.format(self.records))

class ExceptionTest(BaseTest):
    def test_formatting(self):
        r = self.root_logger
        h = RecordingHandler()
        r.addHandler(h)
        try:
            raise RuntimeError('deliberate mistake')
        except:
            logging.exception('failed', stack_info=True)
        r.removeHandler(h)
        h.close()
        r = h.records[0]
        self.assertTrue(r.exc_text.startswith('Traceback (most recent '
                                              'call last):\n'))
        self.assertTrue(r.exc_text.endswith('\nRuntimeError: '
                                            'deliberate mistake'))
        self.assertTrue(r.stack_info.startswith('Stack (most recent '
                                              'call last):\n'))
        self.assertTrue(r.stack_info.endswith('logging.exception(\'failed\', '
                                            'stack_info=True)'))


class LastResortTest(BaseTest):
    def test_last_resort(self):
        # Test the last resort handler
        root = self.root_logger
        root.removeHandler(self.root_hdlr)
        old_lastresort = logging.lastResort
        old_raise_exceptions = logging.raiseExceptions

        try:
            with support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                root.debug('This should not appear')
                self.assertEqual(stderr.getvalue(), '')
                root.warning('Final chance!')
                self.assertEqual(stderr.getvalue(), 'Final chance!\n')

            # No handlers and no last resort, so 'No handlers' message
            logging.lastResort = None
            with support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                root.warning('Final chance!')
                msg = 'No handlers could be found for logger "root"\n'
                self.assertEqual(stderr.getvalue(), msg)

            # 'No handlers' message only printed once
            with support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                root.warning('Final chance!')
                self.assertEqual(stderr.getvalue(), '')

            # If raiseExceptions is False, no message is printed
            root.manager.emittedNoHandlerWarning = False
            logging.raiseExceptions = False
            with support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                root.warning('Final chance!')
                self.assertEqual(stderr.getvalue(), '')
        finally:
            root.addHandler(self.root_hdlr)
            logging.lastResort = old_lastresort
            logging.raiseExceptions = old_raise_exceptions


class FakeHandler:

    def __init__(self, identifier, called):
        for method in ('acquire', 'flush', 'close', 'release'):
            setattr(self, method, self.record_call(identifier, method, called))

    def record_call(self, identifier, method_name, called):
        def inner():
            called.append('{} - {}'.format(identifier, method_name))
        return inner


class RecordingHandler(logging.NullHandler):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(RecordingHandler, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.records = []

    def handle(self, record):
        """Keep track of all the emitted records."""
        self.records.append(record)


class ShutdownTest(BaseTest):

    """Test suite for the shutdown method."""

    def setUp(self):
        super(ShutdownTest, self).setUp()
        self.called = []

        raise_exceptions = logging.raiseExceptions
        self.addCleanup(setattr, logging, 'raiseExceptions', raise_exceptions)

    def raise_error(self, error):
        def inner():
            raise error()
        return inner

    def test_no_failure(self):
        # create some fake handlers
        handler0 = FakeHandler(0, self.called)
        handler1 = FakeHandler(1, self.called)
        handler2 = FakeHandler(2, self.called)

        # create live weakref to those handlers
        handlers = map(logging.weakref.ref, [handler0, handler1, handler2])

        logging.shutdown(handlerList=list(handlers))

        expected = ['2 - acquire', '2 - flush', '2 - close', '2 - release',
                    '1 - acquire', '1 - flush', '1 - close', '1 - release',
                    '0 - acquire', '0 - flush', '0 - close', '0 - release']
        self.assertEqual(expected, self.called)

    def _test_with_failure_in_method(self, method, error):
        handler = FakeHandler(0, self.called)
        setattr(handler, method, self.raise_error(error))
        handlers = [logging.weakref.ref(handler)]

        logging.shutdown(handlerList=list(handlers))

        self.assertEqual('0 - release', self.called[-1])

    def test_with_ioerror_in_acquire(self):
        self._test_with_failure_in_method('acquire', OSError)

    def test_with_ioerror_in_flush(self):
        self._test_with_failure_in_method('flush', OSError)

    def test_with_ioerror_in_close(self):
        self._test_with_failure_in_method('close', OSError)

    def test_with_valueerror_in_acquire(self):
        self._test_with_failure_in_method('acquire', ValueError)

    def test_with_valueerror_in_flush(self):
        self._test_with_failure_in_method('flush', ValueError)

    def test_with_valueerror_in_close(self):
        self._test_with_failure_in_method('close', ValueError)

    def test_with_other_error_in_acquire_without_raise(self):
        logging.raiseExceptions = False
        self._test_with_failure_in_method('acquire', IndexError)

    def test_with_other_error_in_flush_without_raise(self):
        logging.raiseExceptions = False
        self._test_with_failure_in_method('flush', IndexError)

    def test_with_other_error_in_close_without_raise(self):
        logging.raiseExceptions = False
        self._test_with_failure_in_method('close', IndexError)

    def test_with_other_error_in_acquire_with_raise(self):
        logging.raiseExceptions = True
        self.assertRaises(IndexError, self._test_with_failure_in_method,
                          'acquire', IndexError)

    def test_with_other_error_in_flush_with_raise(self):
        logging.raiseExceptions = True
        self.assertRaises(IndexError, self._test_with_failure_in_method,
                          'flush', IndexError)

    def test_with_other_error_in_close_with_raise(self):
        logging.raiseExceptions = True
        self.assertRaises(IndexError, self._test_with_failure_in_method,
                          'close', IndexError)


class ModuleLevelMiscTest(BaseTest):

    """Test suite for some module level methods."""

    def test_disable(self):
        old_disable = logging.root.manager.disable
        # confirm our assumptions are correct
        self.assertEqual(old_disable, 0)
        self.addCleanup(logging.disable, old_disable)

        logging.disable(83)
        self.assertEqual(logging.root.manager.disable, 83)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, logging.disable, "doesnotexists")

        class _NotAnIntOrString:
            pass

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, logging.disable, _NotAnIntOrString())

        logging.disable("WARN")

        # test the default value introduced in 3.7
        # (Issue #28524)
        logging.disable()
        self.assertEqual(logging.root.manager.disable, logging.CRITICAL)

    def _test_log(self, method, level=None):
        called = []
        support.patch(self, logging, 'basicConfig',
                      lambda *a, **kw: called.append((a, kw)))

        recording = RecordingHandler()
        logging.root.addHandler(recording)

        log_method = getattr(logging, method)
        if level is not None:
            log_method(level, "test me: %r", recording)
        else:
            log_method("test me: %r", recording)

        self.assertEqual(len(recording.records), 1)
        record = recording.records[0]
        self.assertEqual(record.getMessage(), "test me: %r" % recording)

        expected_level = level if level is not None else getattr(logging, method.upper())
        self.assertEqual(record.levelno, expected_level)

        # basicConfig was not called!
        self.assertEqual(called, [])

    def test_log(self):
        self._test_log('log', logging.ERROR)

    def test_debug(self):
        self._test_log('debug')

    def test_info(self):
        self._test_log('info')

    def test_warning(self):
        self._test_log('warning')

    def test_error(self):
        self._test_log('error')

    def test_critical(self):
        self._test_log('critical')

    def test_set_logger_class(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, logging.setLoggerClass, object)

        class MyLogger(logging.Logger):
            pass

        logging.setLoggerClass(MyLogger)
        self.assertEqual(logging.getLoggerClass(), MyLogger)

        logging.setLoggerClass(logging.Logger)
        self.assertEqual(logging.getLoggerClass(), logging.Logger)

    def test_subclass_logger_cache(self):
        # bpo-37258
        message = []

        class MyLogger(logging.getLoggerClass()):
            def __init__(self, name='MyLogger', level=logging.NOTSET):
                super().__init__(name, level)
                message.append('initialized')

        logging.setLoggerClass(MyLogger)
        logger = logging.getLogger('just_some_logger')
        self.assertEqual(message, ['initialized'])
        stream = io.StringIO()
        h = logging.StreamHandler(stream)
        logger.addHandler(h)
        try:
            logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
            logger.debug("hello")
            self.assertEqual(stream.getvalue().strip(), "hello")

            stream.truncate(0)
            stream.seek(0)

            logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
            logger.debug("hello")
            self.assertEqual(stream.getvalue(), "")
        finally:
            logger.removeHandler(h)
            h.close()
            logging.setLoggerClass(logging.Logger)

    def test_logging_at_shutdown(self):
        # bpo-20037: Doing text I/O late at interpreter shutdown must not crash
        code = textwrap.dedent("""
            import logging

            class A:
                def __del__(self):
                    try:
                        raise ValueError("some error")
                    except Exception:
                        logging.exception("exception in __del__")

            a = A()
        """)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", code)
        err = err.decode()
        self.assertIn("exception in __del__", err)
        self.assertIn("ValueError: some error", err)

    def test_logging_at_shutdown_open(self):
        # bpo-26789: FileHandler keeps a reference to the builtin open()
        # function to be able to open or reopen the file during Python
        # finalization.
        filename = os_helper.TESTFN
        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, filename)

        code = textwrap.dedent(f"""
            import builtins
            import logging

            class A:
                def __del__(self):
                    logging.error("log in __del__")

            # basicConfig() opens the file, but logging.shutdown() closes
            # it at Python exit. When A.__del__() is called,
            # FileHandler._open() must be called again to re-open the file.
            logging.basicConfig(filename={filename!r}, encoding="utf-8")

            a = A()

            # Simulate the Python finalization which removes the builtin
            # open() function.
            del builtins.open
        """)
        assert_python_ok("-c", code)

        with open(filename, encoding="utf-8") as fp:
            self.assertEqual(fp.read().rstrip(), "ERROR:root:log in __del__")

    def test_recursion_error(self):
        # Issue 36272
        code = textwrap.dedent("""
            import logging

            def rec():
                logging.error("foo")
                rec()

            rec()
        """)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure("-c", code)
        err = err.decode()
        self.assertNotIn("Cannot recover from stack overflow.", err)
        self.assertEqual(rc, 1)

    def test_get_level_names_mapping(self):
        mapping = logging.getLevelNamesMapping()
        self.assertEqual(logging._nameToLevel, mapping)  # value is equivalent
        self.assertIsNot(logging._nameToLevel, mapping)  # but not the internal data
        new_mapping = logging.getLevelNamesMapping()     # another call -> another copy
        self.assertIsNot(mapping, new_mapping)           # verify not the same object as before
        self.assertEqual(mapping, new_mapping)           # but equivalent in value


class LogRecordTest(BaseTest):
    def test_str_rep(self):
        r = logging.makeLogRecord({})
        s = str(r)
        self.assertTrue(s.startswith('<LogRecord: '))
        self.assertTrue(s.endswith('>'))

    def test_dict_arg(self):
        h = RecordingHandler()
        r = logging.getLogger()
        r.addHandler(h)
        d = {'less' : 'more' }
        logging.warning('less is %(less)s', d)
        self.assertIs(h.records[0].args, d)
        self.assertEqual(h.records[0].message, 'less is more')
        r.removeHandler(h)
        h.close()

    @staticmethod # pickled as target of child process in the following test
    def _extract_logrecord_process_name(key, logMultiprocessing, conn=None):
        prev_logMultiprocessing = logging.logMultiprocessing
        logging.logMultiprocessing = logMultiprocessing
        try:
            import multiprocessing as mp
            name = mp.current_process().name

            r1 = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': f'msg1_{key}'})

            # https://bugs.python.org/issue45128
            with support.swap_item(sys.modules, 'multiprocessing', None):
                r2 = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': f'msg2_{key}'})

            results = {'processName'  : name,
                       'r1.processName': r1.processName,
                       'r2.processName': r2.processName,
                      }
        finally:
            logging.logMultiprocessing = prev_logMultiprocessing
        if conn:
            conn.send(results)
        else:
            return results

    def test_multiprocessing(self):
        support.skip_if_broken_multiprocessing_synchronize()
        multiprocessing_imported = 'multiprocessing' in sys.modules
        try:
            # logMultiprocessing is True by default
            self.assertEqual(logging.logMultiprocessing, True)

            LOG_MULTI_PROCESSING = True
            # When logMultiprocessing == True:
            # In the main process processName = 'MainProcess'
            r = logging.makeLogRecord({})
            self.assertEqual(r.processName, 'MainProcess')

            results = self._extract_logrecord_process_name(1, LOG_MULTI_PROCESSING)
            self.assertEqual('MainProcess', results['processName'])
            self.assertEqual('MainProcess', results['r1.processName'])
            self.assertEqual('MainProcess', results['r2.processName'])

            # In other processes, processName is correct when multiprocessing in imported,
            # but it is (incorrectly) defaulted to 'MainProcess' otherwise (bpo-38762).
            import multiprocessing
            parent_conn, child_conn = multiprocessing.Pipe()
            p = multiprocessing.Process(
                target=self._extract_logrecord_process_name,
                args=(2, LOG_MULTI_PROCESSING, child_conn,)
            )
            p.start()
            results = parent_conn.recv()
            self.assertNotEqual('MainProcess', results['processName'])
            self.assertEqual(results['processName'], results['r1.processName'])
            self.assertEqual('MainProcess', results['r2.processName'])
            p.join()

        finally:
            if multiprocessing_imported:
                import multiprocessing

    def test_optional(self):
        NONE = self.assertIsNone
        NOT_NONE = self.assertIsNotNone

        r = logging.makeLogRecord({})
        NOT_NONE(r.thread)
        NOT_NONE(r.threadName)
        NOT_NONE(r.process)
        NOT_NONE(r.processName)
        NONE(r.taskName)
        log_threads = logging.logThreads
        log_processes = logging.logProcesses
        log_multiprocessing = logging.logMultiprocessing
        log_asyncio_tasks = logging.logAsyncioTasks
        try:
            logging.logThreads = False
            logging.logProcesses = False
            logging.logMultiprocessing = False
            logging.logAsyncioTasks = False
            r = logging.makeLogRecord({})

            NONE(r.thread)
            NONE(r.threadName)
            NONE(r.process)
            NONE(r.processName)
            NONE(r.taskName)
        finally:
            logging.logThreads = log_threads
            logging.logProcesses = log_processes
            logging.logMultiprocessing = log_multiprocessing
            logging.logAsyncioTasks = log_asyncio_tasks

    async def _make_record_async(self, assertion):
        r = logging.makeLogRecord({})
        assertion(r.taskName)

    @support.requires_working_socket()
    def test_taskName_with_asyncio_imported(self):
        try:
            make_record = self._make_record_async
            with asyncio.Runner() as runner:
                logging.logAsyncioTasks = True
                runner.run(make_record(self.assertIsNotNone))
                logging.logAsyncioTasks = False
                runner.run(make_record(self.assertIsNone))
        finally:
            asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(None)

    @support.requires_working_socket()
    def test_taskName_without_asyncio_imported(self):
        try:
            make_record = self._make_record_async
            with asyncio.Runner() as runner, support.swap_item(sys.modules, 'asyncio', None):
                logging.logAsyncioTasks = True
                runner.run(make_record(self.assertIsNone))
                logging.logAsyncioTasks = False
                runner.run(make_record(self.assertIsNone))
        finally:
            asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(None)


class BasicConfigTest(unittest.TestCase):

    """Test suite for logging.basicConfig."""

    def setUp(self):
        super(BasicConfigTest, self).setUp()
        self.handlers = logging.root.handlers
        self.saved_handlers = logging._handlers.copy()
        self.saved_handler_list = logging._handlerList[:]
        self.original_logging_level = logging.root.level
        self.addCleanup(self.cleanup)
        logging.root.handlers = []

    def tearDown(self):
        for h in logging.root.handlers[:]:
            logging.root.removeHandler(h)
            h.close()
        super(BasicConfigTest, self).tearDown()

    def cleanup(self):
        setattr(logging.root, 'handlers', self.handlers)
        logging._handlers.clear()
        logging._handlers.update(self.saved_handlers)
        logging._handlerList[:] = self.saved_handler_list
        logging.root.setLevel(self.original_logging_level)

    def test_no_kwargs(self):
        logging.basicConfig()

        # handler defaults to a StreamHandler to sys.stderr
        self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
        handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.StreamHandler)
        self.assertEqual(handler.stream, sys.stderr)

        formatter = handler.formatter
        # format defaults to logging.BASIC_FORMAT
        self.assertEqual(formatter._style._fmt, logging.BASIC_FORMAT)
        # datefmt defaults to None
        self.assertIsNone(formatter.datefmt)
        # style defaults to %
        self.assertIsInstance(formatter._style, logging.PercentStyle)

        # level is not explicitly set
        self.assertEqual(logging.root.level, self.original_logging_level)

    def test_strformatstyle(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stdout, style="{")
            logging.error("Log an error")
            sys.stdout.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(output.getvalue().strip(),
                "ERROR:root:Log an error")

    def test_stringtemplatestyle(self):
        with support.captured_stdout() as output:
            logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stdout, style="$")
            logging.error("Log an error")
            sys.stdout.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(output.getvalue().strip(),
                "ERROR:root:Log an error")

    def test_filename(self):

        def cleanup(h1, h2, fn):
            h1.close()
            h2.close()
            os.remove(fn)

        logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', encoding='utf-8')

        self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
        handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)

        expected = logging.FileHandler('test.log', 'a', encoding='utf-8')
        self.assertEqual(handler.stream.mode, expected.stream.mode)
        self.assertEqual(handler.stream.name, expected.stream.name)
        self.addCleanup(cleanup, handler, expected, 'test.log')

    def test_filemode(self):

        def cleanup(h1, h2, fn):
            h1.close()
            h2.close()
            os.remove(fn)

        logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', filemode='wb')

        handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
        expected = logging.FileHandler('test.log', 'wb')
        self.assertEqual(handler.stream.mode, expected.stream.mode)
        self.addCleanup(cleanup, handler, expected, 'test.log')

    def test_stream(self):
        stream = io.StringIO()
        self.addCleanup(stream.close)
        logging.basicConfig(stream=stream)

        self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
        handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.StreamHandler)
        self.assertEqual(handler.stream, stream)

    def test_format(self):
        logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s - %(message)s')

        formatter = logging.root.handlers[0].formatter
        self.assertEqual(formatter._style._fmt, '%(asctime)s - %(message)s')

    def test_datefmt(self):
        logging.basicConfig(datefmt='bar')

        formatter = logging.root.handlers[0].formatter
        self.assertEqual(formatter.datefmt, 'bar')

    def test_style(self):
        logging.basicConfig(style='$')

        formatter = logging.root.handlers[0].formatter
        self.assertIsInstance(formatter._style, logging.StringTemplateStyle)

    def test_level(self):
        old_level = logging.root.level
        self.addCleanup(logging.root.setLevel, old_level)

        logging.basicConfig(level=57)
        self.assertEqual(logging.root.level, 57)
        # Test that second call has no effect
        logging.basicConfig(level=58)
        self.assertEqual(logging.root.level, 57)

    def test_incompatible(self):
        assertRaises = self.assertRaises
        handlers = [logging.StreamHandler()]
        stream = sys.stderr
        assertRaises(ValueError, logging.basicConfig, filename='test.log',
                                                      stream=stream)
        assertRaises(ValueError, logging.basicConfig, filename='test.log',
                                                      handlers=handlers)
        assertRaises(ValueError, logging.basicConfig, stream=stream,
                                                      handlers=handlers)
        # Issue 23207: test for invalid kwargs
        assertRaises(ValueError, logging.basicConfig, loglevel=logging.INFO)
        # Should pop both filename and filemode even if filename is None
        logging.basicConfig(filename=None, filemode='a')

    def test_handlers(self):
        handlers = [
            logging.StreamHandler(),
            logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout),
            logging.StreamHandler(),
        ]
        f = logging.Formatter()
        handlers[2].setFormatter(f)
        logging.basicConfig(handlers=handlers)
        self.assertIs(handlers[0], logging.root.handlers[0])
        self.assertIs(handlers[1], logging.root.handlers[1])
        self.assertIs(handlers[2], logging.root.handlers[2])
        self.assertIsNotNone(handlers[0].formatter)
        self.assertIsNotNone(handlers[1].formatter)
        self.assertIs(handlers[2].formatter, f)
        self.assertIs(handlers[0].formatter, handlers[1].formatter)

    def test_force(self):
        old_string_io = io.StringIO()
        new_string_io = io.StringIO()
        old_handlers = [logging.StreamHandler(old_string_io)]
        new_handlers = [logging.StreamHandler(new_string_io)]
        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING, handlers=old_handlers)
        logging.warning('warn')
        logging.info('info')
        logging.debug('debug')
        self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, handlers=new_handlers,
                            force=True)
        logging.warning('warn')
        logging.info('info')
        logging.debug('debug')
        self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
        self.assertEqual(old_string_io.getvalue().strip(),
                         'WARNING:root:warn')
        self.assertEqual(new_string_io.getvalue().strip(),
                         'WARNING:root:warn\nINFO:root:info')

    def test_encoding(self):
        try:
            encoding = 'utf-8'
            logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', encoding=encoding,
                                errors='strict',
                                format='%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)

            self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
            handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
            self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)
            self.assertEqual(handler.encoding, encoding)
            logging.debug('The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')
        finally:
            handler.close()
            with open('test.log', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                data = f.read().strip()
            os.remove('test.log')
            self.assertEqual(data,
                             'The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')

    def test_encoding_errors(self):
        try:
            encoding = 'ascii'
            logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', encoding=encoding,
                                errors='ignore',
                                format='%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)

            self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
            handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
            self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)
            self.assertEqual(handler.encoding, encoding)
            logging.debug('The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')
        finally:
            handler.close()
            with open('test.log', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                data = f.read().strip()
            os.remove('test.log')
            self.assertEqual(data, 'The resund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malm')

    def test_encoding_errors_default(self):
        try:
            encoding = 'ascii'
            logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', encoding=encoding,
                                format='%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)

            self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
            handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
            self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)
            self.assertEqual(handler.encoding, encoding)
            self.assertEqual(handler.errors, 'backslashreplace')
            logging.debug('😂: ☃️: The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')
        finally:
            handler.close()
            with open('test.log', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                data = f.read().strip()
            os.remove('test.log')
            self.assertEqual(data, r'\U0001f602: \u2603\ufe0f: The \xd8resund '
                                   r'Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malm\xf6')

    def test_encoding_errors_none(self):
        # Specifying None should behave as 'strict'
        try:
            encoding = 'ascii'
            logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', encoding=encoding,
                                errors=None,
                                format='%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)

            self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
            handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
            self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)
            self.assertEqual(handler.encoding, encoding)
            self.assertIsNone(handler.errors)

            message = []

            def dummy_handle_error(record):
                _, v, _ = sys.exc_info()
                message.append(str(v))

            handler.handleError = dummy_handle_error
            logging.debug('The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')
            self.assertTrue(message)
            self.assertIn("'ascii' codec can't encode "
                          "character '\\xd8' in position 4:", message[0])
        finally:
            handler.close()
            with open('test.log', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                data = f.read().strip()
            os.remove('test.log')
            # didn't write anything due to the encoding error
            self.assertEqual(data, r'')

    @support.requires_working_socket()
    def test_log_taskName(self):
        async def log_record():
            logging.warning('hello world')

        handler = None
        log_filename = make_temp_file('.log', 'test-logging-taskname-')
        self.addCleanup(os.remove, log_filename)
        try:
            encoding = 'utf-8'
            logging.basicConfig(filename=log_filename, errors='strict',
                                encoding=encoding, level=logging.WARNING,
                                format='%(taskName)s - %(message)s')

            self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
            handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
            self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)

            with asyncio.Runner(debug=True) as runner:
                logging.logAsyncioTasks = True
                runner.run(log_record())
            with open(log_filename, encoding='utf-8') as f:
                data = f.read().strip()
            self.assertRegex(data, r'Task-\d+ - hello world')
        finally:
            asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(None)
            if handler:
                handler.close()


    def _test_log(self, method, level=None):
        # logging.root has no handlers so basicConfig should be called
        called = []

        old_basic_config = logging.basicConfig
        def my_basic_config(*a, **kw):
            old_basic_config()
            old_level = logging.root.level
            logging.root.setLevel(100)  # avoid having messages in stderr
            self.addCleanup(logging.root.setLevel, old_level)
            called.append((a, kw))

        support.patch(self, logging, 'basicConfig', my_basic_config)

        log_method = getattr(logging, method)
        if level is not None:
            log_method(level, "test me")
        else:
            log_method("test me")

        # basicConfig was called with no arguments
        self.assertEqual(called, [((), {})])

    def test_log(self):
        self._test_log('log', logging.WARNING)

    def test_debug(self):
        self._test_log('debug')

    def test_info(self):
        self._test_log('info')

    def test_warning(self):
        self._test_log('warning')

    def test_error(self):
        self._test_log('error')

    def test_critical(self):
        self._test_log('critical')


class LoggerAdapterTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super(LoggerAdapterTest, self).setUp()
        old_handler_list = logging._handlerList[:]

        self.recording = RecordingHandler()
        self.logger = logging.root
        self.logger.addHandler(self.recording)
        self.addCleanup(self.logger.removeHandler, self.recording)
        self.addCleanup(self.recording.close)

        def cleanup():
            logging._handlerList[:] = old_handler_list

        self.addCleanup(cleanup)
        self.addCleanup(logging.shutdown)
        self.adapter = logging.LoggerAdapter(logger=self.logger, extra=None)

    def test_exception(self):
        msg = 'testing exception: %r'
        exc = None
        try:
            1 / 0
        except ZeroDivisionError as e:
            exc = e
            self.adapter.exception(msg, self.recording)

        self.assertEqual(len(self.recording.records), 1)
        record = self.recording.records[0]
        self.assertEqual(record.levelno, logging.ERROR)
        self.assertEqual(record.msg, msg)
        self.assertEqual(record.args, (self.recording,))
        self.assertEqual(record.exc_info,
                         (exc.__class__, exc, exc.__traceback__))

    def test_exception_excinfo(self):
        try:
            1 / 0
        except ZeroDivisionError as e:
            exc = e

        self.adapter.exception('exc_info test', exc_info=exc)

        self.assertEqual(len(self.recording.records), 1)
        record = self.recording.records[0]
        self.assertEqual(record.exc_info,
                         (exc.__class__, exc, exc.__traceback__))

    def test_critical(self):
        msg = 'critical test! %r'
        self.adapter.critical(msg, self.recording)

        self.assertEqual(len(self.recording.records), 1)
        record = self.recording.records[0]
        self.assertEqual(record.levelno, logging.CRITICAL)
        self.assertEqual(record.msg, msg)
        self.assertEqual(record.args, (self.recording,))

    def test_is_enabled_for(self):
        old_disable = self.adapter.logger.manager.disable
        self.adapter.logger.manager.disable = 33
        self.addCleanup(setattr, self.adapter.logger.manager, 'disable',
                        old_disable)
        self.assertFalse(self.adapter.isEnabledFor(32))

    def test_has_handlers(self):
        self.assertTrue(self.adapter.hasHandlers())

        for handler in self.logger.handlers:
            self.logger.removeHandler(handler)

        self.assertFalse(self.logger.hasHandlers())
        self.assertFalse(self.adapter.hasHandlers())

    def test_nested(self):
        class Adapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):
            prefix = 'Adapter'

            def process(self, msg, kwargs):
                return f"{self.prefix} {msg}", kwargs

        msg = 'Adapters can be nested, yo.'
        adapter = Adapter(logger=self.logger, extra=None)
        adapter_adapter = Adapter(logger=adapter, extra=None)
        adapter_adapter.prefix = 'AdapterAdapter'
        self.assertEqual(repr(adapter), repr(adapter_adapter))
        adapter_adapter.log(logging.CRITICAL, msg, self.recording)
        self.assertEqual(len(self.recording.records), 1)
        record = self.recording.records[0]
        self.assertEqual(record.levelno, logging.CRITICAL)
        self.assertEqual(record.msg, f"Adapter AdapterAdapter {msg}")
        self.assertEqual(record.args, (self.recording,))
        orig_manager = adapter_adapter.manager
        self.assertIs(adapter.manager, orig_manager)
        self.assertIs(self.logger.manager, orig_manager)
        temp_manager = object()
        try:
            adapter_adapter.manager = temp_manager
            self.assertIs(adapter_adapter.manager, temp_manager)
            self.assertIs(adapter.manager, temp_manager)
            self.assertIs(self.logger.manager, temp_manager)
        finally:
            adapter_adapter.manager = orig_manager
        self.assertIs(adapter_adapter.manager, orig_manager)
        self.assertIs(adapter.manager, orig_manager)
        self.assertIs(self.logger.manager, orig_manager)


class LoggerTest(BaseTest, AssertErrorMessage):

    def setUp(self):
        super(LoggerTest, self).setUp()
        self.recording = RecordingHandler()
        self.logger = logging.Logger(name='blah')
        self.logger.addHandler(self.recording)
        self.addCleanup(self.logger.removeHandler, self.recording)
        self.addCleanup(self.recording.close)
        self.addCleanup(logging.shutdown)

    def test_set_invalid_level(self):
        self.assert_error_message(
            TypeError, 'Level not an integer or a valid string: None',
            self.logger.setLevel, None)
        self.assert_error_message(
            TypeError, 'Level not an integer or a valid string: (0, 0)',
            self.logger.setLevel, (0, 0))

    def test_exception(self):
        msg = 'testing exception: %r'
        exc = None
        try:
            1 / 0
        except ZeroDivisionError as e:
            exc = e
            self.logger.exception(msg, self.recording)

        self.assertEqual(len(self.recording.records), 1)
        record = self.recording.records[0]
        self.assertEqual(record.levelno, logging.ERROR)
        self.assertEqual(record.msg, msg)
        self.assertEqual(record.args, (self.recording,))
        self.assertEqual(record.exc_info,
                         (exc.__class__, exc, exc.__traceback__))

    def test_log_invalid_level_with_raise(self):
        with support.swap_attr(logging, 'raiseExceptions', True):
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.logger.log, '10', 'test message')

    def test_log_invalid_level_no_raise(self):
        with support.swap_attr(logging, 'raiseExceptions', False):
            self.logger.log('10', 'test message')  # no exception happens

    def test_find_caller_with_stack_info(self):
        called = []
        support.patch(self, logging.traceback, 'print_stack',
                      lambda f, file: called.append(file.getvalue()))

        self.logger.findCaller(stack_info=True)

        self.assertEqual(len(called), 1)
        self.assertEqual('Stack (most recent call last):\n', called[0])

    def test_find_caller_with_stacklevel(self):
        the_level = 1
        trigger = self.logger.warning

        def innermost():
            trigger('test', stacklevel=the_level)

        def inner():
            innermost()

        def outer():
            inner()

        records = self.recording.records
        outer()
        self.assertEqual(records[-1].funcName, 'innermost')
        lineno = records[-1].lineno
        the_level += 1
        outer()
        self.assertEqual(records[-1].funcName, 'inner')
        self.assertGreater(records[-1].lineno, lineno)
        lineno = records[-1].lineno
        the_level += 1
        outer()
        self.assertEqual(records[-1].funcName, 'outer')
        self.assertGreater(records[-1].lineno, lineno)
        lineno = records[-1].lineno
        root_logger = logging.getLogger()
        root_logger.addHandler(self.recording)
        trigger = logging.warning
        outer()
        self.assertEqual(records[-1].funcName, 'outer')
        root_logger.removeHandler(self.recording)
        trigger = self.logger.warning
        the_level += 1
        outer()
        self.assertEqual(records[-1].funcName, 'test_find_caller_with_stacklevel')
        self.assertGreater(records[-1].lineno, lineno)

    def test_make_record_with_extra_overwrite(self):
        name = 'my record'
        level = 13
        fn = lno = msg = args = exc_info = func = sinfo = None
        rv = logging._logRecordFactory(name, level, fn, lno, msg, args,
                                       exc_info, func, sinfo)

        for key in ('message', 'asctime') + tuple(rv.__dict__.keys()):
            extra = {key: 'some value'}
            self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.logger.makeRecord, name, level,
                              fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info,
                              extra=extra, sinfo=sinfo)

    def test_make_record_with_extra_no_overwrite(self):
        name = 'my record'
        level = 13
        fn = lno = msg = args = exc_info = func = sinfo = None
        extra = {'valid_key': 'some value'}
        result = self.logger.makeRecord(name, level, fn, lno, msg, args,
                                        exc_info, extra=extra, sinfo=sinfo)
        self.assertIn('valid_key', result.__dict__)

    def test_has_handlers(self):
        self.assertTrue(self.logger.hasHandlers())

        for handler in self.logger.handlers:
            self.logger.removeHandler(handler)
        self.assertFalse(self.logger.hasHandlers())

    def test_has_handlers_no_propagate(self):
        child_logger = logging.getLogger('blah.child')
        child_logger.propagate = False
        self.assertFalse(child_logger.hasHandlers())

    def test_is_enabled_for(self):
        old_disable = self.logger.manager.disable
        self.logger.manager.disable = 23
        self.addCleanup(setattr, self.logger.manager, 'disable', old_disable)
        self.assertFalse(self.logger.isEnabledFor(22))

    def test_is_enabled_for_disabled_logger(self):
        old_disabled = self.logger.disabled
        old_disable = self.logger.manager.disable

        self.logger.disabled = True
        self.logger.manager.disable = 21

        self.addCleanup(setattr, self.logger, 'disabled', old_disabled)
        self.addCleanup(setattr, self.logger.manager, 'disable', old_disable)

        self.assertFalse(self.logger.isEnabledFor(22))

    def test_root_logger_aliases(self):
        root = logging.getLogger()
        self.assertIs(root, logging.root)
        self.assertIs(root, logging.getLogger(None))
        self.assertIs(root, logging.getLogger(''))
        self.assertIs(root, logging.getLogger('root'))
        self.assertIs(root, logging.getLogger('foo').root)
        self.assertIs(root, logging.getLogger('foo.bar').root)
        self.assertIs(root, logging.getLogger('foo').parent)

        self.assertIsNot(root, logging.getLogger('\0'))
        self.assertIsNot(root, logging.getLogger('foo.bar').parent)

    def test_invalid_names(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, logging.getLogger, any)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, logging.getLogger, b'foo')

    def test_pickling(self):
        for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
            for name in ('', 'root', 'foo', 'foo.bar', 'baz.bar'):
                logger = logging.getLogger(name)
                s = pickle.dumps(logger, proto)
                unpickled = pickle.loads(s)
                self.assertIs(unpickled, logger)

    def test_caching(self):
        root = self.root_logger
        logger1 = logging.getLogger("abc")
        logger2 = logging.getLogger("abc.def")

        # Set root logger level and ensure cache is empty
        root.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
        self.assertEqual(logger2.getEffectiveLevel(), logging.ERROR)
        self.assertEqual(logger2._cache, {})

        # Ensure cache is populated and calls are consistent
        self.assertTrue(logger2.isEnabledFor(logging.ERROR))
        self.assertFalse(logger2.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG))
        self.assertEqual(logger2._cache, {logging.ERROR: True, logging.DEBUG: False})
        self.assertEqual(root._cache, {})
        self.assertTrue(logger2.isEnabledFor(logging.ERROR))

        # Ensure root cache gets populated
        self.assertEqual(root._cache, {})
        self.assertTrue(root.isEnabledFor(logging.ERROR))
        self.assertEqual(root._cache, {logging.ERROR: True})

        # Set parent logger level and ensure caches are emptied
        logger1.setLevel(logging.CRITICAL)
        self.assertEqual(logger2.getEffectiveLevel(), logging.CRITICAL)
        self.assertEqual(logger2._cache, {})

        # Ensure logger2 uses parent logger's effective level
        self.assertFalse(logger2.isEnabledFor(logging.ERROR))

        # Set level to NOTSET and ensure caches are empty
        logger2.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
        self.assertEqual(logger2.getEffectiveLevel(), logging.CRITICAL)
        self.assertEqual(logger2._cache, {})
        self.assertEqual(logger1._cache, {})
        self.assertEqual(root._cache, {})

        # Verify logger2 follows parent and not root
        self.assertFalse(logger2.isEnabledFor(logging.ERROR))
        self.assertTrue(logger2.isEnabledFor(logging.CRITICAL))
        self.assertFalse(logger1.isEnabledFor(logging.ERROR))
        self.assertTrue(logger1.isEnabledFor(logging.CRITICAL))
        self.assertTrue(root.isEnabledFor(logging.ERROR))

        # Disable logging in manager and ensure caches are clear
        logging.disable()
        self.assertEqual(logger2.getEffectiveLevel(), logging.CRITICAL)
        self.assertEqual(logger2._cache, {})
        self.assertEqual(logger1._cache, {})
        self.assertEqual(root._cache, {})

        # Ensure no loggers are enabled
        self.assertFalse(logger1.isEnabledFor(logging.CRITICAL))
        self.assertFalse(logger2.isEnabledFor(logging.CRITICAL))
        self.assertFalse(root.isEnabledFor(logging.CRITICAL))


class BaseFileTest(BaseTest):
    "Base class for handler tests that write log files"

    def setUp(self):
        BaseTest.setUp(self)
        self.fn = make_temp_file(".log", "test_logging-2-")
        self.rmfiles = []

    def tearDown(self):
        for fn in self.rmfiles:
            os.unlink(fn)
        if os.path.exists(self.fn):
            os.unlink(self.fn)
        BaseTest.tearDown(self)

    def assertLogFile(self, filename):
        "Assert a log file is there and register it for deletion"
        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(filename),
                        msg="Log file %r does not exist" % filename)
        self.rmfiles.append(filename)

    def next_rec(self):
        return logging.LogRecord('n', logging.DEBUG, 'p', 1,
                                 self.next_message(), None, None, None)

class FileHandlerTest(BaseFileTest):
    def test_delay(self):
        os.unlink(self.fn)
        fh = logging.FileHandler(self.fn, encoding='utf-8', delay=True)
        self.assertIsNone(fh.stream)
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(self.fn))
        fh.handle(logging.makeLogRecord({}))
        self.assertIsNotNone(fh.stream)
        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.fn))
        fh.close()

    def test_emit_after_closing_in_write_mode(self):
        # Issue #42378
        os.unlink(self.fn)
        fh = logging.FileHandler(self.fn, encoding='utf-8', mode='w')
        fh.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(message)s'))
        fh.emit(self.next_rec())    # '1'
        fh.close()
        fh.emit(self.next_rec())    # '2'
        with open(self.fn) as fp:
            self.assertEqual(fp.read().strip(), '1')

class RotatingFileHandlerTest(BaseFileTest):
    @unittest.skipIf(support.is_wasi, "WASI does not have /dev/null.")
    def test_should_not_rollover(self):
        # If maxbytes is zero rollover never occurs
        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
                self.fn, encoding="utf-8", maxBytes=0)
        self.assertFalse(rh.shouldRollover(None))
        rh.close()
        # bpo-45401 - test with special file
        # We set maxBytes to 1 so that rollover would normally happen, except
        # for the check for regular files
        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
                os.devnull, encoding="utf-8", maxBytes=1)
        self.assertFalse(rh.shouldRollover(self.next_rec()))
        rh.close()

    def test_should_rollover(self):
        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(self.fn, encoding="utf-8", maxBytes=1)
        self.assertTrue(rh.shouldRollover(self.next_rec()))
        rh.close()

    def test_file_created(self):
        # checks that the file is created and assumes it was created
        # by us
        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(self.fn, encoding="utf-8")
        rh.emit(self.next_rec())
        self.assertLogFile(self.fn)
        rh.close()

    def test_rollover_filenames(self):
        def namer(name):
            return name + ".test"
        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
            self.fn, encoding="utf-8", backupCount=2, maxBytes=1)
        rh.namer = namer
        rh.emit(self.next_rec())
        self.assertLogFile(self.fn)
        rh.emit(self.next_rec())
        self.assertLogFile(namer(self.fn + ".1"))
        rh.emit(self.next_rec())
        self.assertLogFile(namer(self.fn + ".2"))
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(namer(self.fn + ".3")))
        rh.close()

    def test_namer_rotator_inheritance(self):
        class HandlerWithNamerAndRotator(logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler):
            def namer(self, name):
                return name + ".test"

            def rotator(self, source, dest):
                if os.path.exists(source):
                    os.replace(source, dest + ".rotated")

        rh = HandlerWithNamerAndRotator(
            self.fn, encoding="utf-8", backupCount=2, maxBytes=1)
        self.assertEqual(rh.namer(self.fn), self.fn + ".test")
        rh.emit(self.next_rec())
        self.assertLogFile(self.fn)
        rh.emit(self.next_rec())
        self.assertLogFile(rh.namer(self.fn + ".1") + ".rotated")
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(rh.namer(self.fn + ".1")))
        rh.close()

    @support.requires_zlib()
    def test_rotator(self):
        def namer(name):
            return name + ".gz"

        def rotator(source, dest):
            with open(source, "rb") as sf:
                data = sf.read()
                compressed = zlib.compress(data, 9)
                with open(dest, "wb") as df:
                    df.write(compressed)
            os.remove(source)

        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
            self.fn, encoding="utf-8", backupCount=2, maxBytes=1)
        rh.rotator = rotator
        rh.namer = namer
        m1 = self.next_rec()
        rh.emit(m1)
        self.assertLogFile(self.fn)
        m2 = self.next_rec()
        rh.emit(m2)
        fn = namer(self.fn + ".1")
        self.assertLogFile(fn)
        newline = os.linesep
        with open(fn, "rb") as f:
            compressed = f.read()
            data = zlib.decompress(compressed)
            self.assertEqual(data.decode("ascii"), m1.msg + newline)
        rh.emit(self.next_rec())
        fn = namer(self.fn + ".2")
        self.assertLogFile(fn)
        with open(fn, "rb") as f:
            compressed = f.read()
            data = zlib.decompress(compressed)
            self.assertEqual(data.decode("ascii"), m1.msg + newline)
        rh.emit(self.next_rec())
        fn = namer(self.fn + ".2")
        with open(fn, "rb") as f:
            compressed = f.read()
            data = zlib.decompress(compressed)
            self.assertEqual(data.decode("ascii"), m2.msg + newline)
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(namer(self.fn + ".3")))
        rh.close()

class TimedRotatingFileHandlerTest(BaseFileTest):
    @unittest.skipIf(support.is_wasi, "WASI does not have /dev/null.")
    def test_should_not_rollover(self):
        # See bpo-45401. Should only ever rollover regular files
        fh = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(
                os.devnull, 'S', encoding="utf-8", backupCount=1)
        time.sleep(1.1)    # a little over a second ...
        r = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'testing - device file'})
        self.assertFalse(fh.shouldRollover(r))
        fh.close()

    # other test methods added below
    def test_rollover(self):
        fh = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(
                self.fn, 'S', encoding="utf-8", backupCount=1)
        fmt = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s')
        fh.setFormatter(fmt)
        r1 = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'testing - initial'})
        fh.emit(r1)
        self.assertLogFile(self.fn)
        time.sleep(1.1)    # a little over a second ...
        r2 = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'testing - after delay'})
        fh.emit(r2)
        fh.close()
        # At this point, we should have a recent rotated file which we
        # can test for the existence of. However, in practice, on some
        # machines which run really slowly, we don't know how far back
        # in time to go to look for the log file. So, we go back a fair
        # bit, and stop as soon as we see a rotated file. In theory this
        # could of course still fail, but the chances are lower.
        found = False
        now = datetime.datetime.now()
        GO_BACK = 5 * 60 # seconds
        for secs in range(GO_BACK):
            prev = now - datetime.timedelta(seconds=secs)
            fn = self.fn + prev.strftime(".%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
            found = os.path.exists(fn)
            if found:
                self.rmfiles.append(fn)
                break
        msg = 'No rotated files found, went back %d seconds' % GO_BACK
        if not found:
            # print additional diagnostics
            dn, fn = os.path.split(self.fn)
            files = [f for f in os.listdir(dn) if f.startswith(fn)]
            print('Test time: %s' % now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S"), file=sys.stderr)
            print('The only matching files are: %s' % files, file=sys.stderr)
            for f in files:
                print('Contents of %s:' % f)
                path = os.path.join(dn, f)
                with open(path, 'r') as tf:
                    print(tf.read())
        self.assertTrue(found, msg=msg)

    def test_invalid(self):
        assertRaises = self.assertRaises
        assertRaises(ValueError, logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler,
                     self.fn, 'X', encoding="utf-8", delay=True)
        assertRaises(ValueError, logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler,
                     self.fn, 'W', encoding="utf-8", delay=True)
        assertRaises(ValueError, logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler,
                     self.fn, 'W7', encoding="utf-8", delay=True)

    def test_compute_rollover_daily_attime(self):
        currentTime = 0
        atTime = datetime.time(12, 0, 0)
        rh = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(
            self.fn, encoding="utf-8", when='MIDNIGHT', interval=1, backupCount=0,
            utc=True, atTime=atTime)
        try:
            actual = rh.computeRollover(currentTime)
            self.assertEqual(actual, currentTime + 12 * 60 * 60)

            actual = rh.computeRollover(currentTime + 13 * 60 * 60)
            self.assertEqual(actual, currentTime + 36 * 60 * 60)
        finally:
            rh.close()

    #@unittest.skipIf(True, 'Temporarily skipped while failures investigated.')
    def test_compute_rollover_weekly_attime(self):
        currentTime = int(time.time())
        today = currentTime - currentTime % 86400

        atTime = datetime.time(12, 0, 0)

        wday = time.gmtime(today).tm_wday
        for day in range(7):
            rh = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(
                self.fn, encoding="utf-8", when='W%d' % day, interval=1, backupCount=0,
                utc=True, atTime=atTime)
            try:
                if wday > day:
                    # The rollover day has already passed this week, so we
                    # go over into next week
                    expected = (7 - wday + day)
                else:
                    expected = (day - wday)
                # At this point expected is in days from now, convert to seconds
                expected *= 24 * 60 * 60
                # Add in the rollover time
                expected += 12 * 60 * 60
                # Add in adjustment for today
                expected += today
                actual = rh.computeRollover(today)
                if actual != expected:
                    print('failed in timezone: %d' % time.timezone)
                    print('local vars: %s' % locals())
                self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
                if day == wday:
                    # goes into following week
                    expected += 7 * 24 * 60 * 60
                actual = rh.computeRollover(today + 13 * 60 * 60)
                if actual != expected:
                    print('failed in timezone: %d' % time.timezone)
                    print('local vars: %s' % locals())
                self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
            finally:
                rh.close()

    def test_compute_files_to_delete(self):
        # See bpo-46063 for background
        wd = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='test_logging_')
        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, wd)
        times = []
        dt = datetime.datetime.now()
        for i in range(10):
            times.append(dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S'))
            dt += datetime.timedelta(seconds=5)
        prefixes = ('a.b', 'a.b.c', 'd.e', 'd.e.f')
        files = []
        rotators = []
        for prefix in prefixes:
            p = os.path.join(wd, '%s.log' % prefix)
            rotator = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(p, when='s',
                                                                interval=5,
                                                                backupCount=7,
                                                                delay=True)
            rotators.append(rotator)
            if prefix.startswith('a.b'):
                for t in times:
                    files.append('%s.log.%s' % (prefix, t))
            else:
                rotator.namer = lambda name: name.replace('.log', '') + '.log'
                for t in times:
                    files.append('%s.%s.log' % (prefix, t))
        # Create empty files
        for fn in files:
            p = os.path.join(wd, fn)
            with open(p, 'wb') as f:
                pass
        # Now the checks that only the correct files are offered up for deletion
        for i, prefix in enumerate(prefixes):
            rotator = rotators[i]
            candidates = rotator.getFilesToDelete()
            self.assertEqual(len(candidates), 3)
            if prefix.startswith('a.b'):
                p = '%s.log.' % prefix
                for c in candidates:
                    d, fn = os.path.split(c)
                    self.assertTrue(fn.startswith(p))
            else:
                for c in candidates:
                    d, fn = os.path.split(c)
                    self.assertTrue(fn.endswith('.log'))
                    self.assertTrue(fn.startswith(prefix + '.') and
                                    fn[len(prefix) + 2].isdigit())


def secs(**kw):
    return datetime.timedelta(**kw) // datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)

for when, exp in (('S', 1),
                  ('M', 60),
                  ('H', 60 * 60),
                  ('D', 60 * 60 * 24),
                  ('MIDNIGHT', 60 * 60 * 24),
                  # current time (epoch start) is a Thursday, W0 means Monday
                  ('W0', secs(days=4, hours=24)),
                 ):
    def test_compute_rollover(self, when=when, exp=exp):
        rh = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(
            self.fn, encoding="utf-8", when=when, interval=1, backupCount=0, utc=True)
        currentTime = 0.0
        actual = rh.computeRollover(currentTime)
        if exp != actual:
            # Failures occur on some systems for MIDNIGHT and W0.
            # Print detailed calculation for MIDNIGHT so we can try to see
            # what's going on
            if when == 'MIDNIGHT':
                try:
                    if rh.utc:
                        t = time.gmtime(currentTime)
                    else:
                        t = time.localtime(currentTime)
                    currentHour = t[3]
                    currentMinute = t[4]
                    currentSecond = t[5]
                    # r is the number of seconds left between now and midnight
                    r = logging.handlers._MIDNIGHT - ((currentHour * 60 +
                                                       currentMinute) * 60 +
                            currentSecond)
                    result = currentTime + r
                    print('t: %s (%s)' % (t, rh.utc), file=sys.stderr)
                    print('currentHour: %s' % currentHour, file=sys.stderr)
                    print('currentMinute: %s' % currentMinute, file=sys.stderr)
                    print('currentSecond: %s' % currentSecond, file=sys.stderr)
                    print('r: %s' % r, file=sys.stderr)
                    print('result: %s' % result, file=sys.stderr)
                except Exception as e:
                    print('exception in diagnostic code: %s' % e, file=sys.stderr)
        self.assertEqual(exp, actual)
        rh.close()
    setattr(TimedRotatingFileHandlerTest, "test_compute_rollover_%s" % when, test_compute_rollover)


@unittest.skipUnless(win32evtlog, 'win32evtlog/win32evtlogutil/pywintypes required for this test.')
class NTEventLogHandlerTest(BaseTest):
    def test_basic(self):
        logtype = 'Application'
        elh = win32evtlog.OpenEventLog(None, logtype)
        num_recs = win32evtlog.GetNumberOfEventLogRecords(elh)

        try:
            h = logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler('test_logging')
        except pywintypes.error as e:
            if e.winerror == 5:  # access denied
                raise unittest.SkipTest('Insufficient privileges to run test')
            raise

        r = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'Test Log Message'})
        h.handle(r)
        h.close()
        # Now see if the event is recorded
        self.assertLess(num_recs, win32evtlog.GetNumberOfEventLogRecords(elh))
        flags = win32evtlog.EVENTLOG_BACKWARDS_READ | \
                win32evtlog.EVENTLOG_SEQUENTIAL_READ
        found = False
        GO_BACK = 100
        events = win32evtlog.ReadEventLog(elh, flags, GO_BACK)
        for e in events:
            if e.SourceName != 'test_logging':
                continue
            msg = win32evtlogutil.SafeFormatMessage(e, logtype)
            if msg != 'Test Log Message\r\n':
                continue
            found = True
            break
        msg = 'Record not found in event log, went back %d records' % GO_BACK
        self.assertTrue(found, msg=msg)


class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test__all__(self):
        not_exported = {
            'logThreads', 'logMultiprocessing', 'logProcesses', 'currentframe',
            'PercentStyle', 'StrFormatStyle', 'StringTemplateStyle',
            'Filterer', 'PlaceHolder', 'Manager', 'RootLogger', 'root',
            'threading', 'logAsyncioTasks'}
        support.check__all__(self, logging, not_exported=not_exported)


# Set the locale to the platform-dependent default.  I have no idea
# why the test does this, but in any case we save the current locale
# first and restore it at the end.
def setUpModule():
    unittest.enterModuleContext(support.run_with_locale('LC_ALL', ''))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()