diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
index 2262d42a99a..1455a598e1b 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
@@ -552,6 +552,10 @@ Porting to Python 3.11
 
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39573`.)
 
+* The ``<Python.h>`` header file no longer includes ``<stdlib.h>``. C
+  extensions using ``<stdlib.h>`` must now include it explicitly.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`45434`.)
+
 Deprecated
 ----------
 
diff --git a/Include/Python.h b/Include/Python.h
index fa77521d46e..8c84c90f9a5 100644
--- a/Include/Python.h
+++ b/Include/Python.h
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
 #  include <errno.h>              // errno
 #endif
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #ifndef MS_WINDOWS
 #  include <unistd.h>
 #endif
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2021-10-11-23-03-49.bpo-45434.tsS8I_.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2021-10-11-23-03-49.bpo-45434.tsS8I_.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c04dda53255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2021-10-11-23-03-49.bpo-45434.tsS8I_.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+The ``<Python.h>`` header file no longer includes ``<stdlib.h>``. C
+extensions using ``<stdlib.h>`` must now include it explicitly. Patch by
+Victor Stinner.