gh-134486: Fix missing alloca() symbol in _ctypes on NetBSD (#134487)

Previously the module would fail to load because the `alloca()` symbol
was undefined. Now we check for GCC/Clang builtins for systems who do
not define `alloca()` in headers.

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2025-05-21-22-13-30.gh-issue-134486.yvdL6f.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+The :mod:`ctypes` module now performs a more portable test for the
+definition of :manpage:`alloca(3)`, fixing a compilation failure on
+NetBSD.

Modules/_ctypes/callbacks.c

@@ -11,18 +11,9 @@
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
 #include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _Py_ID()
 
-#ifdef MS_WIN32
-#  include <malloc.h>
-#endif
-
 #include <ffi.h>
 #include "ctypes.h"
 
-#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
-/* AIX needs alloca.h for alloca() */
-#include <alloca.h>
-#endif
-
 /**************************************************************/
 
 static int

Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c

@@ -77,16 +77,8 @@ module _ctypes
 #include <mach-o/dyld.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifdef MS_WIN32
-#include <malloc.h>
-#endif
-
 #include <ffi.h>
 #include "ctypes.h"
-#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
-/* AIX needs alloca.h for alloca() */
-#include <alloca.h>
-#endif
 
 #ifdef _Py_MEMORY_SANITIZER
 #include <sanitizer/msan_interface.h>

Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
-#if defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)
+/* Get a definition of alloca(). */
+#if (defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)) || defined(HAVE_ALLOCA_H)
 #   include <alloca.h>
+#elif defined(MS_WIN32)
+#   include <malloc.h>
+#endif
+
+/* If the system does not define alloca(), we have to hope for a compiler builtin. */
+#ifndef alloca
+#   if defined __GNUC__ || (__clang_major__ >= 4)
+#      define alloca __builtin_alloca
+#   else
+#     error "Could not define alloca() on your platform."
+#   endif
 #endif
 
 #include <stdbool.h>