diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-09-11-12-41-42.gh-issue-109216.60QOSb.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-09-11-12-41-42.gh-issue-109216.60QOSb.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f36310fc5f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-09-11-12-41-42.gh-issue-109216.60QOSb.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix possible memory leak in :opcode:`BUILD_MAP`.
+
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index 172bc4743bd..bb6bb35030d 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -3318,13 +3318,14 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
                     &PEEK(2*oparg), 2,
                     &PEEK(2*oparg - 1), 2,
                     oparg);
-            if (map == NULL)
-                goto error;
 
             while (oparg--) {
                 Py_DECREF(POP());
                 Py_DECREF(POP());
             }
+            if (map == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
             PUSH(map);
             DISPATCH();
         }