gh-100239: Propagate type info through _BINARY_OP_EXTEND in tier 2 (GH-148146)

Include/internal/pycore_code.h

@@ -496,6 +496,13 @@ typedef struct {
     int oparg;
     binaryopguardfunc guard;
     binaryopactionfunc action;
+    /* Static type of the result, or NULL if unknown. Used by the tier 2
+       optimizer to propagate type information through _BINARY_OP_EXTEND. */
+    PyTypeObject *result_type;
+    /* Nonzero iff `action` always returns a freshly allocated object (not
+       aliased to either operand). Used by the tier 2 optimizer to enable
+       inplace follow-up ops. */
+    int result_unique;
 } _PyBinaryOpSpecializationDescr;
 
 /* Comparison bit masks. */

Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py

@@ -3813,6 +3813,29 @@ def f(n):
         self.assertIn("_UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE", uops)
         self.assertNotIn("_GUARD_TOS_TUPLE", uops)
 
+    def test_binary_op_extend_float_result_enables_inplace_multiply(self):
+        # (2 + x) * y with x, y floats: `2 + x` goes through _BINARY_OP_EXTEND
+        # (int + float). The result_type/result_unique info should let the
+        # subsequent float multiply use the inplace variant.
+        def testfunc(n):
+            x = 3.5
+            y = 2.0
+            res = 0.0
+            for _ in range(n):
+                res = (2 + x) * y
+            return res
+
+        res, ex = self._run_with_optimizer(testfunc, TIER2_THRESHOLD)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 11.0)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(ex)
+        uops = get_opnames(ex)
+        self.assertIn("_BINARY_OP_EXTEND", uops)
+        self.assertIn("_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT_INPLACE", uops)
+        self.assertNotIn("_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT", uops)
+        # NOS guard on the multiply is eliminated because _BINARY_OP_EXTEND
+        # propagates PyFloat_Type.
+        self.assertNotIn("_GUARD_NOS_FLOAT", uops)
+
     def test_unary_invert_long_type(self):
         def testfunc(n):
             for _ in range(n):

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-04-06-00-00-00.gh-issue-100239.binopxt.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Propagate result type and uniqueness information through
+``_BINARY_OP_EXTEND`` in the tier 2 optimizer, enabling elimination of
+downstream type guards and selection of inplace float operations.

Python/optimizer_bytecodes.c

@@ -410,8 +410,16 @@ dummy_func(void) {
     }
 
     op(_BINARY_OP_EXTEND, (descr/4, left, right -- res, l, r)) {
-        (void)descr;
-        res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+        _PyBinaryOpSpecializationDescr *d = (_PyBinaryOpSpecializationDescr *)descr;
+        if (d != NULL && d->result_type != NULL) {
+            res = sym_new_type(ctx, d->result_type);
+            if (d->result_unique) {
+                res = PyJitRef_MakeUnique(res);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+        }
         l = left;
         r = right;
     }

Python/optimizer_cases.c.h

@@ -1168,8 +1168,16 @@
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
             PyObject *descr = (PyObject *)this_instr->operand0;
-            (void)descr;
-            res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            _PyBinaryOpSpecializationDescr *d = (_PyBinaryOpSpecializationDescr *)descr;
+            if (d != NULL && d->result_type != NULL) {
+                res = sym_new_type(ctx, d->result_type);
+                if (d->result_unique) {
+                    res = PyJitRef_MakeUnique(res);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            }
             l = left;
             r = right;
             CHECK_STACK_BOUNDS(1);

Python/specialize.c

@@ -2195,24 +2195,24 @@ LONG_FLOAT_ACTION(compactlong_float_true_div, /)
 
 static _PyBinaryOpSpecializationDescr binaryop_extend_descrs[] = {
     /* long-long arithmetic */
-    {NB_OR, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_or},
-    {NB_AND, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_and},
-    {NB_XOR, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_xor},
-    {NB_INPLACE_OR, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_or},
-    {NB_INPLACE_AND, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_and},
-    {NB_INPLACE_XOR, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_xor},
+    {NB_OR, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_or, &PyLong_Type, 1},
+    {NB_AND, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_and, &PyLong_Type, 1},
+    {NB_XOR, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_xor, &PyLong_Type, 1},
+    {NB_INPLACE_OR, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_or, &PyLong_Type, 1},
+    {NB_INPLACE_AND, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_and, &PyLong_Type, 1},
+    {NB_INPLACE_XOR, compactlongs_guard, compactlongs_xor, &PyLong_Type, 1},
 
     /* float-long arithemetic */
-    {NB_ADD, float_compactlong_guard, float_compactlong_add},
-    {NB_SUBTRACT, float_compactlong_guard, float_compactlong_subtract},
-    {NB_TRUE_DIVIDE, nonzero_float_compactlong_guard, float_compactlong_true_div},
-    {NB_MULTIPLY, float_compactlong_guard, float_compactlong_multiply},
+    {NB_ADD, float_compactlong_guard, float_compactlong_add, &PyFloat_Type, 1},
+    {NB_SUBTRACT, float_compactlong_guard, float_compactlong_subtract, &PyFloat_Type, 1},
+    {NB_TRUE_DIVIDE, nonzero_float_compactlong_guard, float_compactlong_true_div, &PyFloat_Type, 1},
+    {NB_MULTIPLY, float_compactlong_guard, float_compactlong_multiply, &PyFloat_Type, 1},
 
     /* float-float arithmetic */
-    {NB_ADD, compactlong_float_guard, compactlong_float_add},
-    {NB_SUBTRACT, compactlong_float_guard, compactlong_float_subtract},
-    {NB_TRUE_DIVIDE, nonzero_compactlong_float_guard, compactlong_float_true_div},
-    {NB_MULTIPLY, compactlong_float_guard, compactlong_float_multiply},
+    {NB_ADD, compactlong_float_guard, compactlong_float_add, &PyFloat_Type, 1},
+    {NB_SUBTRACT, compactlong_float_guard, compactlong_float_subtract, &PyFloat_Type, 1},
+    {NB_TRUE_DIVIDE, nonzero_compactlong_float_guard, compactlong_float_true_div, &PyFloat_Type, 1},
+    {NB_MULTIPLY, compactlong_float_guard, compactlong_float_multiply, &PyFloat_Type, 1},
 };
 
 static int