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634 lines
16 KiB
Python
634 lines
16 KiB
Python
#! /usr/bin/env python
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"""Sorting algorithms visualizer using Tkinter.
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This module is comprised of three ``components'':
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- an array visualizer with methods that implement basic sorting
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operations (compare, swap) as well as methods for ``annotating'' the
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sorting algorithm (e.g. to show the pivot element);
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- a number of sorting algorithms (currently quicksort, insertion sort,
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selection sort and bubble sort, as well as a randomization function),
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all using the array visualizer for its basic operations and with calls
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to its annotation methods;
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- and a ``driver'' class which can be used as a Grail applet or as a
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stand-alone application.
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"""
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from Tkinter import *
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from Canvas import Line, Rectangle
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import random
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XGRID = 10
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YGRID = 10
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WIDTH = 6
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class Array:
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def __init__(self, master, data=None):
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self.master = master
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self.frame = Frame(self.master)
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self.frame.pack(fill=X)
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self.label = Label(self.frame)
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self.label.pack()
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self.canvas = Canvas(self.frame)
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self.canvas.pack()
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self.report = Label(self.frame)
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self.report.pack()
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self.left = Line(self.canvas, 0, 0, 0, 0)
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self.right = Line(self.canvas, 0, 0, 0, 0)
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self.pivot = Line(self.canvas, 0, 0, 0, 0)
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self.items = []
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self.size = self.maxvalue = 0
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if data:
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self.setdata(data)
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def setdata(self, data):
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olditems = self.items
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self.items = []
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for item in olditems:
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item.delete()
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self.size = len(data)
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self.maxvalue = max(data)
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self.canvas.config(width=(self.size+1)*XGRID,
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height=(self.maxvalue+1)*YGRID)
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for i in range(self.size):
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self.items.append(ArrayItem(self, i, data[i]))
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self.reset("Sort demo, size %d" % self.size)
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speed = "normal"
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def setspeed(self, speed):
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self.speed = speed
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def destroy(self):
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self.frame.destroy()
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in_mainloop = 0
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stop_mainloop = 0
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def cancel(self):
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self.stop_mainloop = 1
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if self.in_mainloop:
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self.master.quit()
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def step(self):
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if self.in_mainloop:
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self.master.quit()
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Cancelled = "Array.Cancelled" # Exception
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def wait(self, msecs):
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if self.speed == "fastest":
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msecs = 0
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elif self.speed == "fast":
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msecs = msecs/10
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elif self.speed == "single-step":
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msecs = 1000000000
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if not self.stop_mainloop:
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self.master.update()
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id = self.master.after(msecs, self.master.quit)
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self.in_mainloop = 1
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self.master.mainloop()
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self.master.after_cancel(id)
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self.in_mainloop = 0
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if self.stop_mainloop:
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self.stop_mainloop = 0
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self.message("Cancelled")
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raise Array.Cancelled
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def getsize(self):
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return self.size
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def show_partition(self, first, last):
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for i in range(self.size):
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item = self.items[i]
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if first <= i < last:
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item.item.config(fill='red')
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else:
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item.item.config(fill='orange')
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self.hide_left_right_pivot()
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def hide_partition(self):
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for i in range(self.size):
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item = self.items[i]
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item.item.config(fill='red')
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self.hide_left_right_pivot()
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def show_left(self, left):
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if not 0 <= left < self.size:
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self.hide_left()
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return
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.items[left].position()
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## top, bot = HIRO
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self.left.coords([(x1-2, 0), (x1-2, 9999)])
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self.master.update()
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def show_right(self, right):
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if not 0 <= right < self.size:
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self.hide_right()
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return
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.items[right].position()
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self.right.coords(((x2+2, 0), (x2+2, 9999)))
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self.master.update()
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def hide_left_right_pivot(self):
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self.hide_left()
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self.hide_right()
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self.hide_pivot()
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def hide_left(self):
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self.left.coords(((0, 0), (0, 0)))
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def hide_right(self):
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self.right.coords(((0, 0), (0, 0)))
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def show_pivot(self, pivot):
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.items[pivot].position()
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self.pivot.coords(((0, y1-2), (9999, y1-2)))
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def hide_pivot(self):
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self.pivot.coords(((0, 0), (0, 0)))
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def swap(self, i, j):
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if i == j: return
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self.countswap()
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item = self.items[i]
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other = self.items[j]
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self.items[i], self.items[j] = other, item
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item.swapwith(other)
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def compare(self, i, j):
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self.countcompare()
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item = self.items[i]
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other = self.items[j]
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return item.compareto(other)
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def reset(self, msg):
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self.ncompares = 0
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self.nswaps = 0
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self.message(msg)
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self.updatereport()
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self.hide_partition()
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def message(self, msg):
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self.label.config(text=msg)
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def countswap(self):
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self.nswaps = self.nswaps + 1
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self.updatereport()
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def countcompare(self):
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self.ncompares = self.ncompares + 1
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self.updatereport()
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def updatereport(self):
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text = "%d cmps, %d swaps" % (self.ncompares, self.nswaps)
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self.report.config(text=text)
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class ArrayItem:
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def __init__(self, array, index, value):
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self.array = array
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self.index = index
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self.value = value
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.position()
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self.item = Rectangle(array.canvas, x1, y1, x2, y2,
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fill='red', outline='black', width=1)
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self.item.bind('<Button-1>', self.mouse_down)
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self.item.bind('<Button1-Motion>', self.mouse_move)
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self.item.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.mouse_up)
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def delete(self):
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item = self.item
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self.array = None
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self.item = None
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item.delete()
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def mouse_down(self, event):
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self.lastx = event.x
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self.lasty = event.y
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self.origx = event.x
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self.origy = event.y
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self.item.tkraise()
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def mouse_move(self, event):
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self.item.move(event.x - self.lastx, event.y - self.lasty)
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self.lastx = event.x
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self.lasty = event.y
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def mouse_up(self, event):
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i = self.nearestindex(event.x)
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if i >= self.array.getsize():
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i = self.array.getsize() - 1
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if i < 0:
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i = 0
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other = self.array.items[i]
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here = self.index
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self.array.items[here], self.array.items[i] = other, self
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self.index = i
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.position()
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self.item.coords(((x1, y1), (x2, y2)))
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other.setindex(here)
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def setindex(self, index):
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nsteps = steps(self.index, index)
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if not nsteps: return
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if self.array.speed == "fastest":
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nsteps = 0
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oldpts = self.position()
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self.index = index
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newpts = self.position()
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trajectory = interpolate(oldpts, newpts, nsteps)
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self.item.tkraise()
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for pts in trajectory:
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self.item.coords((pts[:2], pts[2:]))
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self.array.wait(50)
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def swapwith(self, other):
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nsteps = steps(self.index, other.index)
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if not nsteps: return
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if self.array.speed == "fastest":
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nsteps = 0
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myoldpts = self.position()
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otheroldpts = other.position()
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self.index, other.index = other.index, self.index
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mynewpts = self.position()
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othernewpts = other.position()
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myfill = self.item['fill']
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otherfill = other.item['fill']
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self.item.config(fill='green')
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other.item.config(fill='yellow')
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self.array.master.update()
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if self.array.speed == "single-step":
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self.item.coords((mynewpts[:2], mynewpts[2:]))
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other.item.coords((othernewpts[:2], othernewpts[2:]))
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self.array.master.update()
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self.item.config(fill=myfill)
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other.item.config(fill=otherfill)
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self.array.wait(0)
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return
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mytrajectory = interpolate(myoldpts, mynewpts, nsteps)
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othertrajectory = interpolate(otheroldpts, othernewpts, nsteps)
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if self.value > other.value:
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self.item.tkraise()
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other.item.tkraise()
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else:
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other.item.tkraise()
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self.item.tkraise()
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try:
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for i in range(len(mytrajectory)):
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mypts = mytrajectory[i]
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otherpts = othertrajectory[i]
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self.item.coords((mypts[:2], mypts[2:]))
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other.item.coords((otherpts[:2], otherpts[2:]))
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self.array.wait(50)
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finally:
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mypts = mytrajectory[-1]
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otherpts = othertrajectory[-1]
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self.item.coords((mypts[:2], mypts[2:]))
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other.item.coords((otherpts[:2], otherpts[2:]))
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self.item.config(fill=myfill)
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other.item.config(fill=otherfill)
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def compareto(self, other):
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myfill = self.item['fill']
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otherfill = other.item['fill']
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outcome = cmp(self.value, other.value)
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if outcome < 0:
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myflash = 'white'
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otherflash = 'black'
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elif outcome > 0:
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myflash = 'black'
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otherflash = 'white'
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else:
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myflash = otherflash = 'grey'
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try:
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self.item.config(fill=myflash)
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other.item.config(fill=otherflash)
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self.array.wait(500)
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finally:
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self.item.config(fill=myfill)
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other.item.config(fill=otherfill)
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return outcome
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def position(self):
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x1 = (self.index+1)*XGRID - WIDTH/2
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x2 = x1+WIDTH
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y2 = (self.array.maxvalue+1)*YGRID
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y1 = y2 - (self.value)*YGRID
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return x1, y1, x2, y2
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def nearestindex(self, x):
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return int(round(float(x)/XGRID)) - 1
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# Subroutines that don't need an object
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def steps(here, there):
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nsteps = abs(here - there)
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if nsteps <= 3:
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nsteps = nsteps * 3
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elif nsteps <= 5:
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nsteps = nsteps * 2
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elif nsteps > 10:
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nsteps = 10
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return nsteps
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def interpolate(oldpts, newpts, n):
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if len(oldpts) != len(newpts):
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raise ValueError, "can't interpolate arrays of different length"
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pts = [0]*len(oldpts)
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res = [tuple(oldpts)]
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for i in range(1, n):
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for k in range(len(pts)):
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pts[k] = oldpts[k] + (newpts[k] - oldpts[k])*i/n
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res.append(tuple(pts))
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res.append(tuple(newpts))
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return res
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# Various (un)sorting algorithms
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def uniform(array):
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size = array.getsize()
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array.setdata([(size+1)/2] * size)
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array.reset("Uniform data, size %d" % size)
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def distinct(array):
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size = array.getsize()
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array.setdata(range(1, size+1))
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array.reset("Distinct data, size %d" % size)
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def randomize(array):
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array.reset("Randomizing")
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n = array.getsize()
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for i in range(n):
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j = random.randint(0, n-1)
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array.swap(i, j)
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array.message("Randomized")
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def insertionsort(array):
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size = array.getsize()
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array.reset("Insertion sort")
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for i in range(1, size):
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j = i-1
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while j >= 0:
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if array.compare(j, j+1) <= 0:
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break
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array.swap(j, j+1)
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j = j-1
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array.message("Sorted")
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def selectionsort(array):
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size = array.getsize()
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array.reset("Selection sort")
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try:
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for i in range(size):
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array.show_partition(i, size)
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for j in range(i+1, size):
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if array.compare(i, j) > 0:
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array.swap(i, j)
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array.message("Sorted")
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finally:
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array.hide_partition()
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def bubblesort(array):
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size = array.getsize()
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array.reset("Bubble sort")
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for i in range(size):
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for j in range(1, size):
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if array.compare(j-1, j) > 0:
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array.swap(j-1, j)
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array.message("Sorted")
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def quicksort(array):
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size = array.getsize()
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array.reset("Quicksort")
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try:
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stack = [(0, size)]
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while stack:
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first, last = stack[-1]
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del stack[-1]
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array.show_partition(first, last)
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if last-first < 5:
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array.message("Insertion sort")
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for i in range(first+1, last):
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j = i-1
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while j >= first:
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if array.compare(j, j+1) <= 0:
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break
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array.swap(j, j+1)
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j = j-1
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continue
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array.message("Choosing pivot")
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j, i, k = first, (first+last)/2, last-1
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if array.compare(k, i) < 0:
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array.swap(k, i)
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if array.compare(k, j) < 0:
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array.swap(k, j)
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if array.compare(j, i) < 0:
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array.swap(j, i)
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pivot = j
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array.show_pivot(pivot)
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array.message("Pivot at left of partition")
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array.wait(1000)
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left = first
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right = last
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while 1:
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array.message("Sweep right pointer")
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right = right-1
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array.show_right(right)
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while right > first and array.compare(right, pivot) >= 0:
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right = right-1
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array.show_right(right)
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array.message("Sweep left pointer")
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left = left+1
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array.show_left(left)
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while left < last and array.compare(left, pivot) <= 0:
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left = left+1
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array.show_left(left)
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if left > right:
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array.message("End of partition")
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break
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array.message("Swap items")
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array.swap(left, right)
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array.message("Swap pivot back")
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array.swap(pivot, right)
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n1 = right-first
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n2 = last-left
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if n1 > 1: stack.append((first, right))
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if n2 > 1: stack.append((left, last))
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array.message("Sorted")
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finally:
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array.hide_partition()
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def demosort(array):
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while 1:
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for alg in [quicksort, insertionsort, selectionsort, bubblesort]:
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randomize(array)
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alg(array)
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# Sort demo class -- usable as a Grail applet
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class SortDemo:
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def __init__(self, master, size=15):
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self.master = master
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self.size = size
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self.busy = 0
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self.array = Array(self.master)
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self.botframe = Frame(master)
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self.botframe.pack(side=BOTTOM)
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self.botleftframe = Frame(self.botframe)
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self.botleftframe.pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y)
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self.botrightframe = Frame(self.botframe)
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self.botrightframe.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
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self.b_qsort = Button(self.botleftframe,
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text="Quicksort", command=self.c_qsort)
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self.b_qsort.pack(fill=X)
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self.b_isort = Button(self.botleftframe,
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text="Insertion sort", command=self.c_isort)
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self.b_isort.pack(fill=X)
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self.b_ssort = Button(self.botleftframe,
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text="Selection sort", command=self.c_ssort)
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self.b_ssort.pack(fill=X)
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self.b_bsort = Button(self.botleftframe,
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text="Bubble sort", command=self.c_bsort)
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self.b_bsort.pack(fill=X)
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# Terrible hack to overcome limitation of OptionMenu...
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class MyIntVar(IntVar):
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def __init__(self, master, demo):
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self.demo = demo
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IntVar.__init__(self, master)
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def set(self, value):
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IntVar.set(self, value)
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if str(value) != '0':
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self.demo.resize(value)
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self.v_size = MyIntVar(self.master, self)
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self.v_size.set(size)
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sizes = [1, 2, 3, 4] + range(5, 55, 5)
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if self.size not in sizes:
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|
sizes.append(self.size)
|
|
sizes.sort()
|
|
self.m_size = apply(OptionMenu,
|
|
(self.botleftframe, self.v_size) + tuple(sizes))
|
|
self.m_size.pack(fill=X)
|
|
|
|
self.v_speed = StringVar(self.master)
|
|
self.v_speed.set("normal")
|
|
self.m_speed = OptionMenu(self.botleftframe, self.v_speed,
|
|
"single-step", "normal", "fast", "fastest")
|
|
self.m_speed.pack(fill=X)
|
|
|
|
self.b_step = Button(self.botleftframe,
|
|
text="Step", command=self.c_step)
|
|
self.b_step.pack(fill=X)
|
|
|
|
self.b_randomize = Button(self.botrightframe,
|
|
text="Randomize", command=self.c_randomize)
|
|
self.b_randomize.pack(fill=X)
|
|
self.b_uniform = Button(self.botrightframe,
|
|
text="Uniform", command=self.c_uniform)
|
|
self.b_uniform.pack(fill=X)
|
|
self.b_distinct = Button(self.botrightframe,
|
|
text="Distinct", command=self.c_distinct)
|
|
self.b_distinct.pack(fill=X)
|
|
self.b_demo = Button(self.botrightframe,
|
|
text="Demo", command=self.c_demo)
|
|
self.b_demo.pack(fill=X)
|
|
self.b_cancel = Button(self.botrightframe,
|
|
text="Cancel", command=self.c_cancel)
|
|
self.b_cancel.pack(fill=X)
|
|
self.b_cancel.config(state=DISABLED)
|
|
self.b_quit = Button(self.botrightframe,
|
|
text="Quit", command=self.c_quit)
|
|
self.b_quit.pack(fill=X)
|
|
|
|
def resize(self, newsize):
|
|
if self.busy:
|
|
self.master.bell()
|
|
return
|
|
self.size = newsize
|
|
self.array.setdata(range(1, self.size+1))
|
|
|
|
def c_qsort(self):
|
|
self.run(quicksort)
|
|
|
|
def c_isort(self):
|
|
self.run(insertionsort)
|
|
|
|
def c_ssort(self):
|
|
self.run(selectionsort)
|
|
|
|
def c_bsort(self):
|
|
self.run(bubblesort)
|
|
|
|
def c_demo(self):
|
|
self.run(demosort)
|
|
|
|
def c_randomize(self):
|
|
self.run(randomize)
|
|
|
|
def c_uniform(self):
|
|
self.run(uniform)
|
|
|
|
def c_distinct(self):
|
|
self.run(distinct)
|
|
|
|
def run(self, func):
|
|
if self.busy:
|
|
self.master.bell()
|
|
return
|
|
self.busy = 1
|
|
self.array.setspeed(self.v_speed.get())
|
|
self.b_cancel.config(state=NORMAL)
|
|
try:
|
|
func(self.array)
|
|
except Array.Cancelled:
|
|
pass
|
|
self.b_cancel.config(state=DISABLED)
|
|
self.busy = 0
|
|
|
|
def c_cancel(self):
|
|
if not self.busy:
|
|
self.master.bell()
|
|
return
|
|
self.array.cancel()
|
|
|
|
def c_step(self):
|
|
if not self.busy:
|
|
self.master.bell()
|
|
return
|
|
self.v_speed.set("single-step")
|
|
self.array.setspeed("single-step")
|
|
self.array.step()
|
|
|
|
def c_quit(self):
|
|
if self.busy:
|
|
self.array.cancel()
|
|
self.master.after_idle(self.master.quit)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Main program -- for stand-alone operation outside Grail
|
|
|
|
def main():
|
|
root = Tk()
|
|
demo = SortDemo(root)
|
|
root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', demo.c_quit)
|
|
root.mainloop()
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
main()
|