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563ab5cefe
In the private pathlib ABCs, replace `_WritablePath._write_info()` with `_WritablePath._copy_from()`. This provides the target path object with more control over the copying process, including support for querying and setting metadata *before* the path is created. Adjust `_ReadablePath.copy()` so that it forwards its keyword arguments to `_WritablePath._copy_from()` of the target path object. This allows us to remove the unimplemented *preserve_metadata* argument in the ABC method, making it a `Path` exclusive.
1316 lines
46 KiB
Python
1316 lines
46 KiB
Python
"""Object-oriented filesystem paths.
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This module provides classes to represent abstract paths and concrete
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paths with operations that have semantics appropriate for different
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operating systems.
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"""
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import io
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import ntpath
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import operator
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import os
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import posixpath
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import sys
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from errno import *
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from glob import _StringGlobber, _no_recurse_symlinks
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from itertools import chain
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from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISREG, S_ISSOCK, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISFIFO
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from _collections_abc import Sequence
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try:
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import pwd
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except ImportError:
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pwd = None
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try:
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import grp
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except ImportError:
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grp = None
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from pathlib._os import (
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PathInfo, DirEntryInfo,
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ensure_different_files, ensure_distinct_paths,
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copyfile2, copyfileobj, magic_open, copy_info,
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)
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__all__ = [
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"UnsupportedOperation",
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"PurePath", "PurePosixPath", "PureWindowsPath",
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"Path", "PosixPath", "WindowsPath",
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]
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class UnsupportedOperation(NotImplementedError):
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"""An exception that is raised when an unsupported operation is attempted.
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"""
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pass
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class _PathParents(Sequence):
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"""This object provides sequence-like access to the logical ancestors
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of a path. Don't try to construct it yourself."""
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__slots__ = ('_path', '_drv', '_root', '_tail')
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def __init__(self, path):
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self._path = path
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self._drv = path.drive
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self._root = path.root
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self._tail = path._tail
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def __len__(self):
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return len(self._tail)
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def __getitem__(self, idx):
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if isinstance(idx, slice):
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return tuple(self[i] for i in range(*idx.indices(len(self))))
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if idx >= len(self) or idx < -len(self):
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raise IndexError(idx)
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if idx < 0:
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idx += len(self)
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return self._path._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
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self._tail[:-idx - 1])
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def __repr__(self):
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return "<{}.parents>".format(type(self._path).__name__)
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class PurePath:
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"""Base class for manipulating paths without I/O.
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PurePath represents a filesystem path and offers operations which
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don't imply any actual filesystem I/O. Depending on your system,
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instantiating a PurePath will return either a PurePosixPath or a
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PureWindowsPath object. You can also instantiate either of these classes
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directly, regardless of your system.
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"""
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__slots__ = (
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# The `_raw_paths` slot stores unjoined string paths. This is set in
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# the `__init__()` method.
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'_raw_paths',
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# The `_drv`, `_root` and `_tail_cached` slots store parsed and
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# normalized parts of the path. They are set when any of the `drive`,
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# `root` or `_tail` properties are accessed for the first time. The
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# three-part division corresponds to the result of
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# `os.path.splitroot()`, except that the tail is further split on path
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# separators (i.e. it is a list of strings), and that the root and
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# tail are normalized.
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'_drv', '_root', '_tail_cached',
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# The `_str` slot stores the string representation of the path,
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# computed from the drive, root and tail when `__str__()` is called
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# for the first time. It's used to implement `_str_normcase`
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'_str',
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# The `_str_normcase_cached` slot stores the string path with
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# normalized case. It is set when the `_str_normcase` property is
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# accessed for the first time. It's used to implement `__eq__()`
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# `__hash__()`, and `_parts_normcase`
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'_str_normcase_cached',
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# The `_parts_normcase_cached` slot stores the case-normalized
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# string path after splitting on path separators. It's set when the
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# `_parts_normcase` property is accessed for the first time. It's used
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# to implement comparison methods like `__lt__()`.
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'_parts_normcase_cached',
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# The `_hash` slot stores the hash of the case-normalized string
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# path. It's set when `__hash__()` is called for the first time.
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'_hash',
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)
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parser = os.path
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def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
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"""Construct a PurePath from one or several strings and or existing
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PurePath objects. The strings and path objects are combined so as
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to yield a canonicalized path, which is incorporated into the
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new PurePath object.
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"""
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if cls is PurePath:
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cls = PureWindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PurePosixPath
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return object.__new__(cls)
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def __init__(self, *args):
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paths = []
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for arg in args:
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if isinstance(arg, PurePath):
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if arg.parser is not self.parser:
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# GH-103631: Convert separators for backwards compatibility.
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paths.append(arg.as_posix())
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else:
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paths.extend(arg._raw_paths)
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else:
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try:
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path = os.fspath(arg)
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except TypeError:
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path = arg
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if not isinstance(path, str):
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raise TypeError(
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"argument should be a str or an os.PathLike "
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"object where __fspath__ returns a str, "
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f"not {type(path).__name__!r}")
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paths.append(path)
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self._raw_paths = paths
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def with_segments(self, *pathsegments):
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"""Construct a new path object from any number of path-like objects.
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Subclasses may override this method to customize how new path objects
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are created from methods like `iterdir()`.
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"""
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return type(self)(*pathsegments)
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def joinpath(self, *pathsegments):
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"""Combine this path with one or several arguments, and return a
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new path representing either a subpath (if all arguments are relative
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paths) or a totally different path (if one of the arguments is
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anchored).
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"""
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return self.with_segments(self, *pathsegments)
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def __truediv__(self, key):
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try:
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return self.with_segments(self, key)
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except TypeError:
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return NotImplemented
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def __rtruediv__(self, key):
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try:
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return self.with_segments(key, self)
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except TypeError:
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return NotImplemented
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def __reduce__(self):
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return self.__class__, tuple(self._raw_paths)
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def __repr__(self):
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return "{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.as_posix())
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def __fspath__(self):
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return str(self)
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def __bytes__(self):
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"""Return the bytes representation of the path. This is only
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recommended to use under Unix."""
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return os.fsencode(self)
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@property
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def _str_normcase(self):
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# String with normalized case, for hashing and equality checks
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try:
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return self._str_normcase_cached
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except AttributeError:
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if self.parser is posixpath:
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self._str_normcase_cached = str(self)
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else:
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self._str_normcase_cached = str(self).lower()
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return self._str_normcase_cached
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def __hash__(self):
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try:
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return self._hash
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except AttributeError:
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self._hash = hash(self._str_normcase)
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return self._hash
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def __eq__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, PurePath):
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return NotImplemented
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return self._str_normcase == other._str_normcase and self.parser is other.parser
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@property
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def _parts_normcase(self):
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# Cached parts with normalized case, for comparisons.
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try:
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return self._parts_normcase_cached
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except AttributeError:
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self._parts_normcase_cached = self._str_normcase.split(self.parser.sep)
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return self._parts_normcase_cached
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def __lt__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.parser is not other.parser:
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return NotImplemented
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return self._parts_normcase < other._parts_normcase
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def __le__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.parser is not other.parser:
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return NotImplemented
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return self._parts_normcase <= other._parts_normcase
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def __gt__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.parser is not other.parser:
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return NotImplemented
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return self._parts_normcase > other._parts_normcase
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def __ge__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.parser is not other.parser:
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return NotImplemented
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return self._parts_normcase >= other._parts_normcase
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def __str__(self):
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"""Return the string representation of the path, suitable for
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passing to system calls."""
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try:
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return self._str
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except AttributeError:
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self._str = self._format_parsed_parts(self.drive, self.root,
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self._tail) or '.'
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return self._str
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@classmethod
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def _format_parsed_parts(cls, drv, root, tail):
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if drv or root:
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return drv + root + cls.parser.sep.join(tail)
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elif tail and cls.parser.splitdrive(tail[0])[0]:
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tail = ['.'] + tail
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return cls.parser.sep.join(tail)
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def _from_parsed_parts(self, drv, root, tail):
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path = self._from_parsed_string(self._format_parsed_parts(drv, root, tail))
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path._drv = drv
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path._root = root
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path._tail_cached = tail
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return path
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def _from_parsed_string(self, path_str):
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path = self.with_segments(path_str)
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path._str = path_str or '.'
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return path
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@classmethod
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def _parse_path(cls, path):
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if not path:
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return '', '', []
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sep = cls.parser.sep
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altsep = cls.parser.altsep
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if altsep:
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path = path.replace(altsep, sep)
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drv, root, rel = cls.parser.splitroot(path)
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if not root and drv.startswith(sep) and not drv.endswith(sep):
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drv_parts = drv.split(sep)
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if len(drv_parts) == 4 and drv_parts[2] not in '?.':
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# e.g. //server/share
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root = sep
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elif len(drv_parts) == 6:
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# e.g. //?/unc/server/share
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root = sep
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return drv, root, [x for x in rel.split(sep) if x and x != '.']
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@classmethod
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def _parse_pattern(cls, pattern):
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"""Parse a glob pattern to a list of parts. This is much like
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_parse_path, except:
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- Rather than normalizing and returning the drive and root, we raise
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NotImplementedError if either are present.
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- If the path has no real parts, we raise ValueError.
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- If the path ends in a slash, then a final empty part is added.
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"""
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drv, root, rel = cls.parser.splitroot(pattern)
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if root or drv:
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raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported")
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sep = cls.parser.sep
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altsep = cls.parser.altsep
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if altsep:
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rel = rel.replace(altsep, sep)
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parts = [x for x in rel.split(sep) if x and x != '.']
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if not parts:
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raise ValueError(f"Unacceptable pattern: {str(pattern)!r}")
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elif rel.endswith(sep):
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# GH-65238: preserve trailing slash in glob patterns.
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parts.append('')
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return parts
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def as_posix(self):
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"""Return the string representation of the path with forward (/)
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slashes."""
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return str(self).replace(self.parser.sep, '/')
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@property
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def _raw_path(self):
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paths = self._raw_paths
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if len(paths) == 1:
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return paths[0]
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elif paths:
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# Join path segments from the initializer.
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path = self.parser.join(*paths)
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# Cache the joined path.
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paths.clear()
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paths.append(path)
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return path
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else:
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paths.append('')
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return ''
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@property
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def drive(self):
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"""The drive prefix (letter or UNC path), if any."""
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try:
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return self._drv
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except AttributeError:
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self._drv, self._root, self._tail_cached = self._parse_path(self._raw_path)
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return self._drv
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@property
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def root(self):
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"""The root of the path, if any."""
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try:
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return self._root
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except AttributeError:
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self._drv, self._root, self._tail_cached = self._parse_path(self._raw_path)
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return self._root
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@property
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def _tail(self):
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try:
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return self._tail_cached
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except AttributeError:
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self._drv, self._root, self._tail_cached = self._parse_path(self._raw_path)
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return self._tail_cached
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@property
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def anchor(self):
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"""The concatenation of the drive and root, or ''."""
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return self.drive + self.root
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@property
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def parts(self):
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"""An object providing sequence-like access to the
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components in the filesystem path."""
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if self.drive or self.root:
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return (self.drive + self.root,) + tuple(self._tail)
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else:
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return tuple(self._tail)
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@property
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def parent(self):
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"""The logical parent of the path."""
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drv = self.drive
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root = self.root
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tail = self._tail
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if not tail:
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return self
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return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, tail[:-1])
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|
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@property
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def parents(self):
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"""A sequence of this path's logical parents."""
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# The value of this property should not be cached on the path object,
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# as doing so would introduce a reference cycle.
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return _PathParents(self)
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@property
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def name(self):
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"""The final path component, if any."""
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tail = self._tail
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if not tail:
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return ''
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return tail[-1]
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|
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def with_name(self, name):
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"""Return a new path with the file name changed."""
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p = self.parser
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if not name or p.sep in name or (p.altsep and p.altsep in name) or name == '.':
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raise ValueError(f"Invalid name {name!r}")
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tail = self._tail.copy()
|
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if not tail:
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raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
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tail[-1] = name
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return self._from_parsed_parts(self.drive, self.root, tail)
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|
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def with_stem(self, stem):
|
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"""Return a new path with the stem changed."""
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suffix = self.suffix
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if not suffix:
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return self.with_name(stem)
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elif not stem:
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# If the suffix is non-empty, we can't make the stem empty.
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raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has a non-empty suffix")
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else:
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return self.with_name(stem + suffix)
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|
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def with_suffix(self, suffix):
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"""Return a new path with the file suffix changed. If the path
|
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has no suffix, add given suffix. If the given suffix is an empty
|
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string, remove the suffix from the path.
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"""
|
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stem = self.stem
|
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if not stem:
|
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# If the stem is empty, we can't make the suffix non-empty.
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raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
|
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elif suffix and not suffix.startswith('.'):
|
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raise ValueError(f"Invalid suffix {suffix!r}")
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else:
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return self.with_name(stem + suffix)
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|
|
@property
|
|
def stem(self):
|
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"""The final path component, minus its last suffix."""
|
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name = self.name
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i = name.rfind('.')
|
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if i != -1:
|
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stem = name[:i]
|
|
# Stem must contain at least one non-dot character.
|
|
if stem.lstrip('.'):
|
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return stem
|
|
return name
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def suffix(self):
|
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"""
|
|
The final component's last suffix, if any.
|
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|
|
This includes the leading period. For example: '.txt'
|
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"""
|
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name = self.name.lstrip('.')
|
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i = name.rfind('.')
|
|
if i != -1:
|
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return name[i:]
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return ''
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def suffixes(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
A list of the final component's suffixes, if any.
|
|
|
|
These include the leading periods. For example: ['.tar', '.gz']
|
|
"""
|
|
return ['.' + ext for ext in self.name.lstrip('.').split('.')[1:]]
|
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|
|
def relative_to(self, other, *, walk_up=False):
|
|
"""Return the relative path to another path identified by the passed
|
|
arguments. If the operation is not possible (because this is not
|
|
related to the other path), raise ValueError.
|
|
|
|
The *walk_up* parameter controls whether `..` may be used to resolve
|
|
the path.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not hasattr(other, 'with_segments'):
|
|
other = self.with_segments(other)
|
|
for step, path in enumerate(chain([other], other.parents)):
|
|
if path == self or path in self.parents:
|
|
break
|
|
elif not walk_up:
|
|
raise ValueError(f"{str(self)!r} is not in the subpath of {str(other)!r}")
|
|
elif path.name == '..':
|
|
raise ValueError(f"'..' segment in {str(other)!r} cannot be walked")
|
|
else:
|
|
raise ValueError(f"{str(self)!r} and {str(other)!r} have different anchors")
|
|
parts = ['..'] * step + self._tail[len(path._tail):]
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts('', '', parts)
|
|
|
|
def is_relative_to(self, other):
|
|
"""Return True if the path is relative to another path or False.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not hasattr(other, 'with_segments'):
|
|
other = self.with_segments(other)
|
|
return other == self or other in self.parents
|
|
|
|
def is_absolute(self):
|
|
"""True if the path is absolute (has both a root and, if applicable,
|
|
a drive)."""
|
|
if self.parser is posixpath:
|
|
# Optimization: work with raw paths on POSIX.
|
|
for path in self._raw_paths:
|
|
if path.startswith('/'):
|
|
return True
|
|
return False
|
|
return self.parser.isabs(self)
|
|
|
|
def is_reserved(self):
|
|
"""Return True if the path contains one of the special names reserved
|
|
by the system, if any."""
|
|
import warnings
|
|
msg = ("pathlib.PurePath.is_reserved() is deprecated and scheduled "
|
|
"for removal in Python 3.15. Use os.path.isreserved() to "
|
|
"detect reserved paths on Windows.")
|
|
warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
|
|
if self.parser is ntpath:
|
|
return self.parser.isreserved(self)
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def as_uri(self):
|
|
"""Return the path as a URI."""
|
|
if not self.is_absolute():
|
|
raise ValueError("relative path can't be expressed as a file URI")
|
|
|
|
drive = self.drive
|
|
if len(drive) == 2 and drive[1] == ':':
|
|
# It's a path on a local drive => 'file:///c:/a/b'
|
|
prefix = 'file:///' + drive
|
|
path = self.as_posix()[2:]
|
|
elif drive:
|
|
# It's a path on a network drive => 'file://host/share/a/b'
|
|
prefix = 'file:'
|
|
path = self.as_posix()
|
|
else:
|
|
# It's a posix path => 'file:///etc/hosts'
|
|
prefix = 'file://'
|
|
path = str(self)
|
|
from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes
|
|
return prefix + quote_from_bytes(os.fsencode(path))
|
|
|
|
def full_match(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return True if this path matches the given glob-style pattern. The
|
|
pattern is matched against the entire path.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not hasattr(pattern, 'with_segments'):
|
|
pattern = self.with_segments(pattern)
|
|
if case_sensitive is None:
|
|
case_sensitive = self.parser is posixpath
|
|
|
|
# The string representation of an empty path is a single dot ('.'). Empty
|
|
# paths shouldn't match wildcards, so we change it to the empty string.
|
|
path = str(self) if self.parts else ''
|
|
pattern = str(pattern) if pattern.parts else ''
|
|
globber = _StringGlobber(self.parser.sep, case_sensitive, recursive=True)
|
|
return globber.compile(pattern)(path) is not None
|
|
|
|
def match(self, path_pattern, *, case_sensitive=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return True if this path matches the given pattern. If the pattern is
|
|
relative, matching is done from the right; otherwise, the entire path
|
|
is matched. The recursive wildcard '**' is *not* supported by this
|
|
method.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not hasattr(path_pattern, 'with_segments'):
|
|
path_pattern = self.with_segments(path_pattern)
|
|
if case_sensitive is None:
|
|
case_sensitive = self.parser is posixpath
|
|
path_parts = self.parts[::-1]
|
|
pattern_parts = path_pattern.parts[::-1]
|
|
if not pattern_parts:
|
|
raise ValueError("empty pattern")
|
|
if len(path_parts) < len(pattern_parts):
|
|
return False
|
|
if len(path_parts) > len(pattern_parts) and path_pattern.anchor:
|
|
return False
|
|
globber = _StringGlobber(self.parser.sep, case_sensitive)
|
|
for path_part, pattern_part in zip(path_parts, pattern_parts):
|
|
match = globber.compile(pattern_part)
|
|
if match(path_part) is None:
|
|
return False
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
# Subclassing os.PathLike makes isinstance() checks slower,
|
|
# which in turn makes Path construction slower. Register instead!
|
|
os.PathLike.register(PurePath)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PurePosixPath(PurePath):
|
|
"""PurePath subclass for non-Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a POSIX system, instantiating a PurePath should return this object.
|
|
However, you can also instantiate it directly on any system.
|
|
"""
|
|
parser = posixpath
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PureWindowsPath(PurePath):
|
|
"""PurePath subclass for Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a Windows system, instantiating a PurePath should return this object.
|
|
However, you can also instantiate it directly on any system.
|
|
"""
|
|
parser = ntpath
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Path(PurePath):
|
|
"""PurePath subclass that can make system calls.
|
|
|
|
Path represents a filesystem path but unlike PurePath, also offers
|
|
methods to do system calls on path objects. Depending on your system,
|
|
instantiating a Path will return either a PosixPath or a WindowsPath
|
|
object. You can also instantiate a PosixPath or WindowsPath directly,
|
|
but cannot instantiate a WindowsPath on a POSIX system or vice versa.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ('_info',)
|
|
|
|
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
if cls is Path:
|
|
cls = WindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PosixPath
|
|
return object.__new__(cls)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def info(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
A PathInfo object that exposes the file type and other file attributes
|
|
of this path.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return self._info
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
self._info = PathInfo(self)
|
|
return self._info
|
|
|
|
def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the result of the stat() system call on this path, like
|
|
os.stat() does.
|
|
"""
|
|
return os.stat(self, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def lstat(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Like stat(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
|
|
status information is returned, rather than its target's.
|
|
"""
|
|
return os.lstat(self)
|
|
|
|
def exists(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path exists.
|
|
|
|
This method normally follows symlinks; to check whether a symlink exists,
|
|
add the argument follow_symlinks=False.
|
|
"""
|
|
if follow_symlinks:
|
|
return os.path.exists(self)
|
|
return os.path.lexists(self)
|
|
|
|
def is_dir(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a directory.
|
|
"""
|
|
if follow_symlinks:
|
|
return os.path.isdir(self)
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISDIR(self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_mode)
|
|
except (OSError, ValueError):
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_file(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a regular file (also True for symlinks pointing
|
|
to regular files).
|
|
"""
|
|
if follow_symlinks:
|
|
return os.path.isfile(self)
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISREG(self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_mode)
|
|
except (OSError, ValueError):
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_mount(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Check if this path is a mount point
|
|
"""
|
|
return os.path.ismount(self)
|
|
|
|
def is_symlink(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a symbolic link.
|
|
"""
|
|
return os.path.islink(self)
|
|
|
|
def is_junction(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a junction.
|
|
"""
|
|
return os.path.isjunction(self)
|
|
|
|
def is_block_device(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a block device.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISBLK(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except (OSError, ValueError):
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_char_device(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a character device.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISCHR(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except (OSError, ValueError):
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_fifo(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a FIFO.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISFIFO(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except (OSError, ValueError):
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_socket(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a socket.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISSOCK(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except (OSError, ValueError):
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def samefile(self, other_path):
|
|
"""Return whether other_path is the same or not as this file
|
|
(as returned by os.path.samefile()).
|
|
"""
|
|
st = self.stat()
|
|
try:
|
|
other_st = other_path.stat()
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
other_st = self.with_segments(other_path).stat()
|
|
return (st.st_ino == other_st.st_ino and
|
|
st.st_dev == other_st.st_dev)
|
|
|
|
def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None,
|
|
errors=None, newline=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file pointed to by this path and return a file object, as
|
|
the built-in open() function does.
|
|
"""
|
|
if "b" not in mode:
|
|
encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
|
|
return io.open(self, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline)
|
|
|
|
def read_bytes(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in bytes mode, read it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
with self.open(mode='rb', buffering=0) as f:
|
|
return f.read()
|
|
|
|
def read_text(self, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in text mode, read it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
# Call io.text_encoding() here to ensure any warning is raised at an
|
|
# appropriate stack level.
|
|
encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
|
|
with self.open(mode='r', encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline) as f:
|
|
return f.read()
|
|
|
|
def write_bytes(self, data):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in bytes mode, write to it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
# type-check for the buffer interface before truncating the file
|
|
view = memoryview(data)
|
|
with self.open(mode='wb') as f:
|
|
return f.write(view)
|
|
|
|
def write_text(self, data, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in text mode, write to it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
# Call io.text_encoding() here to ensure any warning is raised at an
|
|
# appropriate stack level.
|
|
encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
|
|
if not isinstance(data, str):
|
|
raise TypeError('data must be str, not %s' %
|
|
data.__class__.__name__)
|
|
with self.open(mode='w', encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline) as f:
|
|
return f.write(data)
|
|
|
|
_remove_leading_dot = operator.itemgetter(slice(2, None))
|
|
_remove_trailing_slash = operator.itemgetter(slice(-1))
|
|
|
|
def _filter_trailing_slash(self, paths):
|
|
sep = self.parser.sep
|
|
anchor_len = len(self.anchor)
|
|
for path_str in paths:
|
|
if len(path_str) > anchor_len and path_str[-1] == sep:
|
|
path_str = path_str[:-1]
|
|
yield path_str
|
|
|
|
def _from_dir_entry(self, dir_entry, path_str):
|
|
path = self.with_segments(path_str)
|
|
path._str = path_str
|
|
path._info = DirEntryInfo(dir_entry)
|
|
return path
|
|
|
|
def iterdir(self):
|
|
"""Yield path objects of the directory contents.
|
|
|
|
The children are yielded in arbitrary order, and the
|
|
special entries '.' and '..' are not included.
|
|
"""
|
|
root_dir = str(self)
|
|
with os.scandir(root_dir) as scandir_it:
|
|
entries = list(scandir_it)
|
|
if root_dir == '.':
|
|
return (self._from_dir_entry(e, e.name) for e in entries)
|
|
else:
|
|
return (self._from_dir_entry(e, e.path) for e in entries)
|
|
|
|
def glob(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None, recurse_symlinks=False):
|
|
"""Iterate over this subtree and yield all existing files (of any
|
|
kind, including directories) matching the given relative pattern.
|
|
"""
|
|
sys.audit("pathlib.Path.glob", self, pattern)
|
|
if case_sensitive is None:
|
|
case_sensitive = self.parser is posixpath
|
|
case_pedantic = False
|
|
else:
|
|
# The user has expressed a case sensitivity choice, but we don't
|
|
# know the case sensitivity of the underlying filesystem, so we
|
|
# must use scandir() for everything, including non-wildcard parts.
|
|
case_pedantic = True
|
|
parts = self._parse_pattern(pattern)
|
|
recursive = True if recurse_symlinks else _no_recurse_symlinks
|
|
globber = _StringGlobber(self.parser.sep, case_sensitive, case_pedantic, recursive)
|
|
select = globber.selector(parts[::-1])
|
|
root = str(self)
|
|
paths = select(self.parser.join(root, ''))
|
|
|
|
# Normalize results
|
|
if root == '.':
|
|
paths = map(self._remove_leading_dot, paths)
|
|
if parts[-1] == '':
|
|
paths = map(self._remove_trailing_slash, paths)
|
|
elif parts[-1] == '**':
|
|
paths = self._filter_trailing_slash(paths)
|
|
paths = map(self._from_parsed_string, paths)
|
|
return paths
|
|
|
|
def rglob(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None, recurse_symlinks=False):
|
|
"""Recursively yield all existing files (of any kind, including
|
|
directories) matching the given relative pattern, anywhere in
|
|
this subtree.
|
|
"""
|
|
sys.audit("pathlib.Path.rglob", self, pattern)
|
|
pattern = self.parser.join('**', pattern)
|
|
return self.glob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive, recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def walk(self, top_down=True, on_error=None, follow_symlinks=False):
|
|
"""Walk the directory tree from this directory, similar to os.walk()."""
|
|
sys.audit("pathlib.Path.walk", self, on_error, follow_symlinks)
|
|
root_dir = str(self)
|
|
if not follow_symlinks:
|
|
follow_symlinks = os._walk_symlinks_as_files
|
|
results = os.walk(root_dir, top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks)
|
|
for path_str, dirnames, filenames in results:
|
|
if root_dir == '.':
|
|
path_str = path_str[2:]
|
|
yield self._from_parsed_string(path_str), dirnames, filenames
|
|
|
|
def absolute(self):
|
|
"""Return an absolute version of this path
|
|
No normalization or symlink resolution is performed.
|
|
|
|
Use resolve() to resolve symlinks and remove '..' segments.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.is_absolute():
|
|
return self
|
|
if self.root:
|
|
drive = os.path.splitroot(os.getcwd())[0]
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(drive, self.root, self._tail)
|
|
if self.drive:
|
|
# There is a CWD on each drive-letter drive.
|
|
cwd = os.path.abspath(self.drive)
|
|
else:
|
|
cwd = os.getcwd()
|
|
if not self._tail:
|
|
# Fast path for "empty" paths, e.g. Path("."), Path("") or Path().
|
|
# We pass only one argument to with_segments() to avoid the cost
|
|
# of joining, and we exploit the fact that getcwd() returns a
|
|
# fully-normalized string by storing it in _str. This is used to
|
|
# implement Path.cwd().
|
|
return self._from_parsed_string(cwd)
|
|
drive, root, rel = os.path.splitroot(cwd)
|
|
if not rel:
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(drive, root, self._tail)
|
|
tail = rel.split(self.parser.sep)
|
|
tail.extend(self._tail)
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(drive, root, tail)
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def cwd(cls):
|
|
"""Return a new path pointing to the current working directory."""
|
|
cwd = os.getcwd()
|
|
path = cls(cwd)
|
|
path._str = cwd # getcwd() returns a normalized path
|
|
return path
|
|
|
|
def resolve(self, strict=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make the path absolute, resolving all symlinks on the way and also
|
|
normalizing it.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
return self.with_segments(os.path.realpath(self, strict=strict))
|
|
|
|
if pwd:
|
|
def owner(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the login name of the file owner.
|
|
"""
|
|
uid = self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_uid
|
|
return pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_name
|
|
else:
|
|
def owner(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the login name of the file owner.
|
|
"""
|
|
f = f"{type(self).__name__}.owner()"
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")
|
|
|
|
if grp:
|
|
def group(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the group name of the file gid.
|
|
"""
|
|
gid = self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_gid
|
|
return grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name
|
|
else:
|
|
def group(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the group name of the file gid.
|
|
"""
|
|
f = f"{type(self).__name__}.group()"
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")
|
|
|
|
if hasattr(os, "readlink"):
|
|
def readlink(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the path to which the symbolic link points.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.with_segments(os.readlink(self))
|
|
else:
|
|
def readlink(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the path to which the symbolic link points.
|
|
"""
|
|
f = f"{type(self).__name__}.readlink()"
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")
|
|
|
|
def touch(self, mode=0o666, exist_ok=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create this file with the given access mode, if it doesn't exist.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
if exist_ok:
|
|
# First try to bump modification time
|
|
# Implementation note: GNU touch uses the UTIME_NOW option of
|
|
# the utimensat() / futimens() functions.
|
|
try:
|
|
os.utime(self, None)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
# Avoid exception chaining
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
return
|
|
flags = os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY
|
|
if not exist_ok:
|
|
flags |= os.O_EXCL
|
|
fd = os.open(self, flags, mode)
|
|
os.close(fd)
|
|
|
|
def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create a new directory at this given path.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
os.mkdir(self, mode)
|
|
except FileNotFoundError:
|
|
if not parents or self.parent == self:
|
|
raise
|
|
self.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|
self.mkdir(mode, parents=False, exist_ok=exist_ok)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
# Cannot rely on checking for EEXIST, since the operating system
|
|
# could give priority to other errors like EACCES or EROFS
|
|
if not exist_ok or not self.is_dir():
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def chmod(self, mode, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod().
|
|
"""
|
|
os.chmod(self, mode, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def lchmod(self, mode):
|
|
"""
|
|
Like chmod(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
|
|
permissions are changed, rather than its target's.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.chmod(mode, follow_symlinks=False)
|
|
|
|
def unlink(self, missing_ok=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Remove this file or link.
|
|
If the path is a directory, use rmdir() instead.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
os.unlink(self)
|
|
except FileNotFoundError:
|
|
if not missing_ok:
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def rmdir(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Remove this directory. The directory must be empty.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.rmdir(self)
|
|
|
|
def _delete(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Delete this file or directory (including all sub-directories).
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.is_symlink() or self.is_junction():
|
|
self.unlink()
|
|
elif self.is_dir():
|
|
# Lazy import to improve module import time
|
|
import shutil
|
|
shutil.rmtree(self)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.unlink()
|
|
|
|
def rename(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Rename this path to the target path.
|
|
|
|
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
|
|
interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
|
|
directory of the Path object.
|
|
|
|
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.rename(self, target)
|
|
if not hasattr(target, 'with_segments'):
|
|
target = self.with_segments(target)
|
|
return target
|
|
|
|
def replace(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Rename this path to the target path, overwriting if that path exists.
|
|
|
|
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
|
|
interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
|
|
directory of the Path object.
|
|
|
|
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.replace(self, target)
|
|
if not hasattr(target, 'with_segments'):
|
|
target = self.with_segments(target)
|
|
return target
|
|
|
|
def copy(self, target, **kwargs):
|
|
"""
|
|
Recursively copy this file or directory tree to the given destination.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not hasattr(target, 'with_segments'):
|
|
target = self.with_segments(target)
|
|
ensure_distinct_paths(self, target)
|
|
try:
|
|
copy_to_target = target._copy_from
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
raise TypeError(f"Target path is not writable: {target!r}") from None
|
|
copy_to_target(self, **kwargs)
|
|
return target.joinpath() # Empty join to ensure fresh metadata.
|
|
|
|
def copy_into(self, target_dir, **kwargs):
|
|
"""
|
|
Copy this file or directory tree into the given existing directory.
|
|
"""
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
if not name:
|
|
raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
|
|
elif hasattr(target_dir, 'with_segments'):
|
|
target = target_dir / name
|
|
else:
|
|
target = self.with_segments(target_dir, name)
|
|
return self.copy(target, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def _copy_from(self, source, follow_symlinks=True, preserve_metadata=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Recursively copy the given path to this path.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not follow_symlinks and source.info.is_symlink():
|
|
self._copy_from_symlink(source, preserve_metadata)
|
|
elif source.info.is_dir():
|
|
children = source.iterdir()
|
|
os.mkdir(self)
|
|
for child in children:
|
|
self.joinpath(child.name)._copy_from(
|
|
child, follow_symlinks, preserve_metadata)
|
|
if preserve_metadata:
|
|
copy_info(source.info, self)
|
|
else:
|
|
self._copy_from_file(source, preserve_metadata)
|
|
|
|
def _copy_from_file(self, source, preserve_metadata=False):
|
|
ensure_different_files(source, self)
|
|
with magic_open(source, 'rb') as source_f:
|
|
with open(self, 'wb') as target_f:
|
|
copyfileobj(source_f, target_f)
|
|
if preserve_metadata:
|
|
copy_info(source.info, self)
|
|
|
|
if copyfile2:
|
|
# Use fast OS routine for local file copying where available.
|
|
_copy_from_file_fallback = _copy_from_file
|
|
def _copy_from_file(self, source, preserve_metadata=False):
|
|
try:
|
|
source = os.fspath(source)
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
copyfile2(source, str(self))
|
|
return
|
|
self._copy_from_file_fallback(source, preserve_metadata)
|
|
|
|
if os.name == 'nt':
|
|
# If a directory-symlink is copied *before* its target, then
|
|
# os.symlink() incorrectly creates a file-symlink on Windows. Avoid
|
|
# this by passing *target_is_dir* to os.symlink() on Windows.
|
|
def _copy_from_symlink(self, source, preserve_metadata=False):
|
|
os.symlink(str(source.readlink()), self, source.info.is_dir())
|
|
if preserve_metadata:
|
|
copy_info(source.info, self, follow_symlinks=False)
|
|
else:
|
|
def _copy_from_symlink(self, source, preserve_metadata=False):
|
|
os.symlink(str(source.readlink()), self)
|
|
if preserve_metadata:
|
|
copy_info(source.info, self, follow_symlinks=False)
|
|
|
|
def move(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Recursively move this file or directory tree to the given destination.
|
|
"""
|
|
# Use os.replace() if the target is os.PathLike and on the same FS.
|
|
try:
|
|
target = self.with_segments(target)
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
ensure_different_files(self, target)
|
|
try:
|
|
os.replace(self, target)
|
|
except OSError as err:
|
|
if err.errno != EXDEV:
|
|
raise
|
|
else:
|
|
return target.joinpath() # Empty join to ensure fresh metadata.
|
|
# Fall back to copy+delete.
|
|
target = self.copy(target, follow_symlinks=False, preserve_metadata=True)
|
|
self._delete()
|
|
return target
|
|
|
|
def move_into(self, target_dir):
|
|
"""
|
|
Move this file or directory tree into the given existing directory.
|
|
"""
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
if not name:
|
|
raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
|
|
elif hasattr(target_dir, 'with_segments'):
|
|
target = target_dir / name
|
|
else:
|
|
target = self.with_segments(target_dir, name)
|
|
return self.move(target)
|
|
|
|
if hasattr(os, "symlink"):
|
|
def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a symlink pointing to the target path.
|
|
Note the order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse of os.symlink.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.symlink(target, self, target_is_directory)
|
|
else:
|
|
def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a symlink pointing to the target path.
|
|
Note the order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse of os.symlink.
|
|
"""
|
|
f = f"{type(self).__name__}.symlink_to()"
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")
|
|
|
|
if hasattr(os, "link"):
|
|
def hardlink_to(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a hard link pointing to the same file as *target*.
|
|
|
|
Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of os.link's.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.link(target, self)
|
|
else:
|
|
def hardlink_to(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a hard link pointing to the same file as *target*.
|
|
|
|
Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of os.link's.
|
|
"""
|
|
f = f"{type(self).__name__}.hardlink_to()"
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")
|
|
|
|
def expanduser(self):
|
|
""" Return a new path with expanded ~ and ~user constructs
|
|
(as returned by os.path.expanduser)
|
|
"""
|
|
if (not (self.drive or self.root) and
|
|
self._tail and self._tail[0][:1] == '~'):
|
|
homedir = os.path.expanduser(self._tail[0])
|
|
if homedir[:1] == "~":
|
|
raise RuntimeError("Could not determine home directory.")
|
|
drv, root, tail = self._parse_path(homedir)
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, tail + self._tail[1:])
|
|
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def home(cls):
|
|
"""Return a new path pointing to expanduser('~').
|
|
"""
|
|
homedir = os.path.expanduser("~")
|
|
if homedir == "~":
|
|
raise RuntimeError("Could not determine home directory.")
|
|
return cls(homedir)
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def from_uri(cls, uri):
|
|
"""Return a new path from the given 'file' URI."""
|
|
if not uri.startswith('file:'):
|
|
raise ValueError(f"URI does not start with 'file:': {uri!r}")
|
|
path = uri[5:]
|
|
if path[:3] == '///':
|
|
# Remove empty authority
|
|
path = path[2:]
|
|
elif path[:12] == '//localhost/':
|
|
# Remove 'localhost' authority
|
|
path = path[11:]
|
|
if path[:3] == '///' or (path[:1] == '/' and path[2:3] in ':|'):
|
|
# Remove slash before DOS device/UNC path
|
|
path = path[1:]
|
|
if path[1:2] == '|':
|
|
# Replace bar with colon in DOS drive
|
|
path = path[:1] + ':' + path[2:]
|
|
from urllib.parse import unquote_to_bytes
|
|
path = cls(os.fsdecode(unquote_to_bytes(path)))
|
|
if not path.is_absolute():
|
|
raise ValueError(f"URI is not absolute: {uri!r}")
|
|
return path
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PosixPath(Path, PurePosixPath):
|
|
"""Path subclass for non-Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a POSIX system, instantiating a Path should return this object.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
if os.name == 'nt':
|
|
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(
|
|
f"cannot instantiate {cls.__name__!r} on your system")
|
|
|
|
class WindowsPath(Path, PureWindowsPath):
|
|
"""Path subclass for Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a Windows system, instantiating a Path should return this object.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
if os.name != 'nt':
|
|
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(
|
|
f"cannot instantiate {cls.__name__!r} on your system")
|