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94 lines
3.7 KiB
TeX
94 lines
3.7 KiB
TeX
\section{\module{mimetypes} ---
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Map filenames to MIME types}
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\declaremodule{standard}{mimetypes}
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\modulesynopsis{Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types.}
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\sectionauthor{Fred L. Drake, Jr.}{fdrake@acm.org}
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\indexii{MIME}{content type}
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The \module{mimetypes} converts between a filename or URL and the MIME
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type associated with the filename extension. Conversions are provided
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from filename to MIME type and from MIME type to filename extension;
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encodings are not supported for the later conversion.
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The functions described below provide the primary interface for this
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module. If the module has not been initialized, they will call
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\function{init()}.
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\begin{funcdesc}{guess_type}{filename}
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Guess the type of a file based on its filename or URL, given by
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\var{filename}.
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The return value is a tuple \code{(\var{type}, \var{encoding})} where
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\var{type} is \code{None} if the type can't be guessed (no or unknown
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suffix) or a string of the form \code{'\var{type}/\var{subtype}'},
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usable for a MIME \code{content-type} header\indexii{MIME}{headers}; and
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encoding is \code{None} for no encoding or the name of the program used
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to encode (e.g. \program{compress} or \program{gzip}). The encoding
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is suitable for use as a \code{content-encoding} header,
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\emph{not} as a \code{content-transfer-encoding} header. The mappings
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are table driven. Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes
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are first tried case sensitive, then case insensitive.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{guess_extension}{type}
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Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type, given by
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\var{type}.
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The return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the
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leading dot (\character{.}). The extension is not guaranteed to have been
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associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the
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MIME type \var{type} by \function{guess_type()}. If no extension can
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be guessed for \var{type}, \code{None} is returned.
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\end{funcdesc}
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Some additional functions and data items are available for controlling
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the behavior of the module.
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\begin{funcdesc}{init}{\optional{files}}
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Initialize the internal data structures. If given, \var{files} must
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be a sequence of file names which should be used to augment the
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default type map. If omitted, the file names to use are taken from
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\code{knownfiles}. Each file named in \var{files} or
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\code{knownfiles} takes precedence over those named before it.
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Calling \function{init()} repeatedly is allowed.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{read_mime_types}{filename}
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Load the type map given in the file \var{filename}, if it exists. The
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type map is returned as a dictionary mapping filename extensions,
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including the leading dot (\character{.}), to strings of the form
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\code{'\var{type}/\var{subtype}'}. If the file \var{filename} does
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not exist or cannot be read, \code{None} is returned.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{inited}
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Flag indicating whether or not the global data structures have been
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initialized. This is set to true by \function{init()}.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{knownfiles}
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List of type map file names commonly installed. These files are
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typically named \file{mime.types} and are installed in different
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locations by different packages.\index{file!mime.types}
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{suffix_map}
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Dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes. This is used to allow
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recognition of encoded files for which the encoding and the type are
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indicated by the same extension. For example, the \file{.tgz}
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extension is mapped to \file{.tar.gz} to allow the encoding and type
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to be recognized separately.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{encodings_map}
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Dictionary mapping filename extensions to encoding types.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{types_map}
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Dictionary mapping filename extensions to MIME types.
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\end{datadesc}
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