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682 lines
25 KiB
Python
682 lines
25 KiB
Python
"""
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The `ast` module helps Python applications to process trees of the Python
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abstract syntax grammar. The abstract syntax itself might change with
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each Python release; this module helps to find out programmatically what
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the current grammar looks like and allows modifications of it.
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An abstract syntax tree can be generated by passing `ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST` as
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a flag to the `compile()` builtin function or by using the `parse()`
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function from this module. The result will be a tree of objects whose
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classes all inherit from `ast.AST`.
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A modified abstract syntax tree can be compiled into a Python code object
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using the built-in `compile()` function.
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Additionally various helper functions are provided that make working with
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the trees simpler. The main intention of the helper functions and this
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module in general is to provide an easy to use interface for libraries
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that work tightly with the python syntax (template engines for example).
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:copyright: Copyright 2008 by Armin Ronacher.
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:license: Python License.
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"""
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from _ast import *
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def parse(source, filename='<unknown>', mode='exec', *,
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type_comments=False, feature_version=None, optimize=-1):
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"""
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Parse the source into an AST node.
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Equivalent to compile(source, filename, mode, PyCF_ONLY_AST).
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Pass type_comments=True to get back type comments where the syntax allows.
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"""
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flags = PyCF_ONLY_AST
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if optimize > 0:
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flags |= PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST
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if type_comments:
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flags |= PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS
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if feature_version is None:
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feature_version = -1
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elif isinstance(feature_version, tuple):
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major, minor = feature_version # Should be a 2-tuple.
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if major != 3:
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raise ValueError(f"Unsupported major version: {major}")
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feature_version = minor
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# Else it should be an int giving the minor version for 3.x.
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return compile(source, filename, mode, flags,
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_feature_version=feature_version, optimize=optimize)
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def literal_eval(node_or_string):
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"""
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Evaluate an expression node or a string containing only a Python
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expression. The string or node provided may only consist of the following
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Python literal structures: strings, bytes, numbers, tuples, lists, dicts,
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sets, booleans, and None.
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Caution: A complex expression can overflow the C stack and cause a crash.
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"""
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if isinstance(node_or_string, str):
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node_or_string = parse(node_or_string.lstrip(" \t"), mode='eval')
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if isinstance(node_or_string, Expression):
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node_or_string = node_or_string.body
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def _raise_malformed_node(node):
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msg = "malformed node or string"
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if lno := getattr(node, 'lineno', None):
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msg += f' on line {lno}'
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raise ValueError(msg + f': {node!r}')
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def _convert_num(node):
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if not isinstance(node, Constant) or type(node.value) not in (int, float, complex):
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_raise_malformed_node(node)
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return node.value
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def _convert_signed_num(node):
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if isinstance(node, UnaryOp) and isinstance(node.op, (UAdd, USub)):
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operand = _convert_num(node.operand)
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if isinstance(node.op, UAdd):
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return + operand
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else:
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return - operand
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return _convert_num(node)
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def _convert(node):
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if isinstance(node, Constant):
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return node.value
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elif isinstance(node, Tuple):
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return tuple(map(_convert, node.elts))
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elif isinstance(node, List):
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return list(map(_convert, node.elts))
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elif isinstance(node, Set):
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return set(map(_convert, node.elts))
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elif (isinstance(node, Call) and isinstance(node.func, Name) and
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node.func.id == 'set' and node.args == node.keywords == []):
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return set()
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elif isinstance(node, Dict):
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if len(node.keys) != len(node.values):
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_raise_malformed_node(node)
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return dict(zip(map(_convert, node.keys),
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map(_convert, node.values)))
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elif isinstance(node, BinOp) and isinstance(node.op, (Add, Sub)):
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left = _convert_signed_num(node.left)
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right = _convert_num(node.right)
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if isinstance(left, (int, float)) and isinstance(right, complex):
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if isinstance(node.op, Add):
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return left + right
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else:
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return left - right
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return _convert_signed_num(node)
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return _convert(node_or_string)
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def dump(
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node, annotate_fields=True, include_attributes=False,
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*,
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indent=None, show_empty=False,
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):
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"""
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Return a formatted dump of the tree in node. This is mainly useful for
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debugging purposes. If annotate_fields is true (by default),
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the returned string will show the names and the values for fields.
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If annotate_fields is false, the result string will be more compact by
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omitting unambiguous field names. Attributes such as line
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numbers and column offsets are not dumped by default. If this is wanted,
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include_attributes can be set to true. If indent is a non-negative
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integer or string, then the tree will be pretty-printed with that indent
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level. None (the default) selects the single line representation.
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If show_empty is False, then empty lists and fields that are None
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will be omitted from the output for better readability.
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"""
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def _format(node, level=0):
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if indent is not None:
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level += 1
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prefix = '\n' + indent * level
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sep = ',\n' + indent * level
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else:
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prefix = ''
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sep = ', '
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if isinstance(node, AST):
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cls = type(node)
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args = []
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args_buffer = []
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allsimple = True
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keywords = annotate_fields
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for name in node._fields:
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try:
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value = getattr(node, name)
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except AttributeError:
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keywords = True
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continue
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if value is None and getattr(cls, name, ...) is None:
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keywords = True
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continue
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if (
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not show_empty
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and (value is None or value == [])
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# Special cases:
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# `Constant(value=None)` and `MatchSingleton(value=None)`
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and not isinstance(node, (Constant, MatchSingleton))
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):
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args_buffer.append(repr(value))
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continue
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elif not keywords:
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args.extend(args_buffer)
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args_buffer = []
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value, simple = _format(value, level)
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allsimple = allsimple and simple
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if keywords:
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args.append('%s=%s' % (name, value))
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else:
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args.append(value)
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if include_attributes and node._attributes:
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for name in node._attributes:
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try:
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value = getattr(node, name)
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except AttributeError:
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continue
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if value is None and getattr(cls, name, ...) is None:
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continue
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value, simple = _format(value, level)
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allsimple = allsimple and simple
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args.append('%s=%s' % (name, value))
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if allsimple and len(args) <= 3:
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return '%s(%s)' % (node.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(args)), not args
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return '%s(%s%s)' % (node.__class__.__name__, prefix, sep.join(args)), False
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elif isinstance(node, list):
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if not node:
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return '[]', True
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return '[%s%s]' % (prefix, sep.join(_format(x, level)[0] for x in node)), False
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return repr(node), True
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if not isinstance(node, AST):
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raise TypeError('expected AST, got %r' % node.__class__.__name__)
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if indent is not None and not isinstance(indent, str):
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indent = ' ' * indent
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return _format(node)[0]
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def copy_location(new_node, old_node):
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"""
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Copy source location (`lineno`, `col_offset`, `end_lineno`, and `end_col_offset`
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attributes) from *old_node* to *new_node* if possible, and return *new_node*.
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"""
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for attr in 'lineno', 'col_offset', 'end_lineno', 'end_col_offset':
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if attr in old_node._attributes and attr in new_node._attributes:
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value = getattr(old_node, attr, None)
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# end_lineno and end_col_offset are optional attributes, and they
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# should be copied whether the value is None or not.
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if value is not None or (
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hasattr(old_node, attr) and attr.startswith("end_")
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):
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setattr(new_node, attr, value)
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return new_node
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def fix_missing_locations(node):
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"""
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When you compile a node tree with compile(), the compiler expects lineno and
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col_offset attributes for every node that supports them. This is rather
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tedious to fill in for generated nodes, so this helper adds these attributes
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recursively where not already set, by setting them to the values of the
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parent node. It works recursively starting at *node*.
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"""
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def _fix(node, lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset):
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if 'lineno' in node._attributes:
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if not hasattr(node, 'lineno'):
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node.lineno = lineno
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else:
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lineno = node.lineno
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if 'end_lineno' in node._attributes:
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if getattr(node, 'end_lineno', None) is None:
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node.end_lineno = end_lineno
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else:
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end_lineno = node.end_lineno
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if 'col_offset' in node._attributes:
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if not hasattr(node, 'col_offset'):
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node.col_offset = col_offset
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else:
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col_offset = node.col_offset
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if 'end_col_offset' in node._attributes:
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if getattr(node, 'end_col_offset', None) is None:
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node.end_col_offset = end_col_offset
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else:
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end_col_offset = node.end_col_offset
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for child in iter_child_nodes(node):
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_fix(child, lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset)
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_fix(node, 1, 0, 1, 0)
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return node
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def increment_lineno(node, n=1):
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"""
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Increment the line number and end line number of each node in the tree
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starting at *node* by *n*. This is useful to "move code" to a different
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location in a file.
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"""
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for child in walk(node):
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# TypeIgnore is a special case where lineno is not an attribute
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# but rather a field of the node itself.
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if isinstance(child, TypeIgnore):
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child.lineno = getattr(child, 'lineno', 0) + n
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continue
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if 'lineno' in child._attributes:
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child.lineno = getattr(child, 'lineno', 0) + n
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if (
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"end_lineno" in child._attributes
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and (end_lineno := getattr(child, "end_lineno", 0)) is not None
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):
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child.end_lineno = end_lineno + n
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return node
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def iter_fields(node):
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"""
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Yield a tuple of ``(fieldname, value)`` for each field in ``node._fields``
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that is present on *node*.
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"""
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for field in node._fields:
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try:
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yield field, getattr(node, field)
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except AttributeError:
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pass
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def iter_child_nodes(node):
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"""
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Yield all direct child nodes of *node*, that is, all fields that are nodes
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and all items of fields that are lists of nodes.
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"""
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for name, field in iter_fields(node):
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if isinstance(field, AST):
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yield field
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elif isinstance(field, list):
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for item in field:
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if isinstance(item, AST):
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yield item
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def get_docstring(node, clean=True):
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"""
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Return the docstring for the given node or None if no docstring can
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be found. If the node provided does not have docstrings a TypeError
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will be raised.
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If *clean* is `True`, all tabs are expanded to spaces and any whitespace
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that can be uniformly removed from the second line onwards is removed.
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"""
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if not isinstance(node, (AsyncFunctionDef, FunctionDef, ClassDef, Module)):
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raise TypeError("%r can't have docstrings" % node.__class__.__name__)
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if not(node.body and isinstance(node.body[0], Expr)):
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return None
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node = node.body[0].value
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if isinstance(node, Constant) and isinstance(node.value, str):
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text = node.value
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else:
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return None
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if clean:
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import inspect
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text = inspect.cleandoc(text)
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return text
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_line_pattern = None
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def _splitlines_no_ff(source, maxlines=None):
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"""Split a string into lines ignoring form feed and other chars.
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This mimics how the Python parser splits source code.
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"""
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global _line_pattern
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if _line_pattern is None:
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# lazily computed to speedup import time of `ast`
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import re
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_line_pattern = re.compile(r"(.*?(?:\r\n|\n|\r|$))")
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lines = []
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for lineno, match in enumerate(_line_pattern.finditer(source), 1):
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if maxlines is not None and lineno > maxlines:
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break
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lines.append(match[0])
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return lines
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def _pad_whitespace(source):
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r"""Replace all chars except '\f\t' in a line with spaces."""
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result = ''
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for c in source:
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if c in '\f\t':
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result += c
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else:
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result += ' '
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return result
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def get_source_segment(source, node, *, padded=False):
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"""Get source code segment of the *source* that generated *node*.
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If some location information (`lineno`, `end_lineno`, `col_offset`,
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or `end_col_offset`) is missing, return None.
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If *padded* is `True`, the first line of a multi-line statement will
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be padded with spaces to match its original position.
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"""
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try:
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if node.end_lineno is None or node.end_col_offset is None:
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return None
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lineno = node.lineno - 1
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end_lineno = node.end_lineno - 1
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col_offset = node.col_offset
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end_col_offset = node.end_col_offset
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except AttributeError:
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return None
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lines = _splitlines_no_ff(source, maxlines=end_lineno+1)
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if end_lineno == lineno:
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return lines[lineno].encode()[col_offset:end_col_offset].decode()
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if padded:
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padding = _pad_whitespace(lines[lineno].encode()[:col_offset].decode())
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else:
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padding = ''
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first = padding + lines[lineno].encode()[col_offset:].decode()
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last = lines[end_lineno].encode()[:end_col_offset].decode()
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lines = lines[lineno+1:end_lineno]
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lines.insert(0, first)
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lines.append(last)
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return ''.join(lines)
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def walk(node):
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"""
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Recursively yield all descendant nodes in the tree starting at *node*
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(including *node* itself), in no specified order. This is useful if you
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only want to modify nodes in place and don't care about the context.
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"""
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from collections import deque
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todo = deque([node])
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while todo:
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node = todo.popleft()
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todo.extend(iter_child_nodes(node))
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yield node
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def compare(
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a,
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b,
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/,
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*,
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compare_attributes=False,
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):
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"""Recursively compares two ASTs.
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compare_attributes affects whether AST attributes are considered
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in the comparison. If compare_attributes is False (default), then
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attributes are ignored. Otherwise they must all be equal. This
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option is useful to check whether the ASTs are structurally equal but
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might differ in whitespace or similar details.
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"""
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sentinel = object() # handle the possibility of a missing attribute/field
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def _compare(a, b):
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# Compare two fields on an AST object, which may themselves be
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# AST objects, lists of AST objects, or primitive ASDL types
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# like identifiers and constants.
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if isinstance(a, AST):
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return compare(
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a,
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b,
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compare_attributes=compare_attributes,
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)
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elif isinstance(a, list):
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# If a field is repeated, then both objects will represent
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# the value as a list.
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if len(a) != len(b):
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return False
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for a_item, b_item in zip(a, b):
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if not _compare(a_item, b_item):
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return False
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else:
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return True
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else:
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return type(a) is type(b) and a == b
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def _compare_fields(a, b):
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if a._fields != b._fields:
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return False
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for field in a._fields:
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a_field = getattr(a, field, sentinel)
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b_field = getattr(b, field, sentinel)
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if a_field is sentinel and b_field is sentinel:
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# both nodes are missing a field at runtime
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continue
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if a_field is sentinel or b_field is sentinel:
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# one of the node is missing a field
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return False
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if not _compare(a_field, b_field):
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return False
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else:
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return True
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def _compare_attributes(a, b):
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if a._attributes != b._attributes:
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return False
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# Attributes are always ints.
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for attr in a._attributes:
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a_attr = getattr(a, attr, sentinel)
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b_attr = getattr(b, attr, sentinel)
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if a_attr is sentinel and b_attr is sentinel:
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# both nodes are missing an attribute at runtime
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continue
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if a_attr != b_attr:
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return False
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else:
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return True
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if type(a) is not type(b):
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return False
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if not _compare_fields(a, b):
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return False
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if compare_attributes and not _compare_attributes(a, b):
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return False
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return True
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class NodeVisitor(object):
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"""
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A node visitor base class that walks the abstract syntax tree and calls a
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visitor function for every node found. This function may return a value
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which is forwarded by the `visit` method.
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This class is meant to be subclassed, with the subclass adding visitor
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methods.
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Per default the visitor functions for the nodes are ``'visit_'`` +
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class name of the node. So a `TryFinally` node visit function would
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be `visit_TryFinally`. This behavior can be changed by overriding
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the `visit` method. If no visitor function exists for a node
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(return value `None`) the `generic_visit` visitor is used instead.
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Don't use the `NodeVisitor` if you want to apply changes to nodes during
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traversing. For this a special visitor exists (`NodeTransformer`) that
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allows modifications.
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"""
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def visit(self, node):
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"""Visit a node."""
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method = 'visit_' + node.__class__.__name__
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visitor = getattr(self, method, self.generic_visit)
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return visitor(node)
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def generic_visit(self, node):
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"""Called if no explicit visitor function exists for a node."""
|
|
for field, value in iter_fields(node):
|
|
if isinstance(value, list):
|
|
for item in value:
|
|
if isinstance(item, AST):
|
|
self.visit(item)
|
|
elif isinstance(value, AST):
|
|
self.visit(value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class NodeTransformer(NodeVisitor):
|
|
"""
|
|
A :class:`NodeVisitor` subclass that walks the abstract syntax tree and
|
|
allows modification of nodes.
|
|
|
|
The `NodeTransformer` will walk the AST and use the return value of the
|
|
visitor methods to replace or remove the old node. If the return value of
|
|
the visitor method is ``None``, the node will be removed from its location,
|
|
otherwise it is replaced with the return value. The return value may be the
|
|
original node in which case no replacement takes place.
|
|
|
|
Here is an example transformer that rewrites all occurrences of name lookups
|
|
(``foo``) to ``data['foo']``::
|
|
|
|
class RewriteName(NodeTransformer):
|
|
|
|
def visit_Name(self, node):
|
|
return Subscript(
|
|
value=Name(id='data', ctx=Load()),
|
|
slice=Constant(value=node.id),
|
|
ctx=node.ctx
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
Keep in mind that if the node you're operating on has child nodes you must
|
|
either transform the child nodes yourself or call the :meth:`generic_visit`
|
|
method for the node first.
|
|
|
|
For nodes that were part of a collection of statements (that applies to all
|
|
statement nodes), the visitor may also return a list of nodes rather than
|
|
just a single node.
|
|
|
|
Usually you use the transformer like this::
|
|
|
|
node = YourTransformer().visit(node)
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def generic_visit(self, node):
|
|
for field, old_value in iter_fields(node):
|
|
if isinstance(old_value, list):
|
|
new_values = []
|
|
for value in old_value:
|
|
if isinstance(value, AST):
|
|
value = self.visit(value)
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
continue
|
|
elif not isinstance(value, AST):
|
|
new_values.extend(value)
|
|
continue
|
|
new_values.append(value)
|
|
old_value[:] = new_values
|
|
elif isinstance(old_value, AST):
|
|
new_node = self.visit(old_value)
|
|
if new_node is None:
|
|
delattr(node, field)
|
|
else:
|
|
setattr(node, field, new_node)
|
|
return node
|
|
|
|
class slice(AST):
|
|
"""Deprecated AST node class."""
|
|
|
|
class Index(slice):
|
|
"""Deprecated AST node class. Use the index value directly instead."""
|
|
def __new__(cls, value, **kwargs):
|
|
return value
|
|
|
|
class ExtSlice(slice):
|
|
"""Deprecated AST node class. Use ast.Tuple instead."""
|
|
def __new__(cls, dims=(), **kwargs):
|
|
return Tuple(list(dims), Load(), **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
# If the ast module is loaded more than once, only add deprecated methods once
|
|
if not hasattr(Tuple, 'dims'):
|
|
# The following code is for backward compatibility.
|
|
# It will be removed in future.
|
|
|
|
def _dims_getter(self):
|
|
"""Deprecated. Use elts instead."""
|
|
return self.elts
|
|
|
|
def _dims_setter(self, value):
|
|
self.elts = value
|
|
|
|
Tuple.dims = property(_dims_getter, _dims_setter)
|
|
|
|
class Suite(mod):
|
|
"""Deprecated AST node class. Unused in Python 3."""
|
|
|
|
class AugLoad(expr_context):
|
|
"""Deprecated AST node class. Unused in Python 3."""
|
|
|
|
class AugStore(expr_context):
|
|
"""Deprecated AST node class. Unused in Python 3."""
|
|
|
|
class Param(expr_context):
|
|
"""Deprecated AST node class. Unused in Python 3."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def unparse(ast_obj):
|
|
global _Unparser
|
|
try:
|
|
unparser = _Unparser()
|
|
except NameError:
|
|
from _ast_unparse import Unparser as _Unparser
|
|
unparser = _Unparser()
|
|
return unparser.visit(ast_obj)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def main(args=None):
|
|
import argparse
|
|
import sys
|
|
|
|
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(color=True)
|
|
parser.add_argument('infile', nargs='?', default='-',
|
|
help='the file to parse; defaults to stdin')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-m', '--mode', default='exec',
|
|
choices=('exec', 'single', 'eval', 'func_type'),
|
|
help='specify what kind of code must be parsed')
|
|
parser.add_argument('--no-type-comments', default=True, action='store_false',
|
|
help="don't add information about type comments")
|
|
parser.add_argument('-a', '--include-attributes', action='store_true',
|
|
help='include attributes such as line numbers and '
|
|
'column offsets')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-i', '--indent', type=int, default=3,
|
|
help='indentation of nodes (number of spaces)')
|
|
parser.add_argument('--feature-version',
|
|
type=str, default=None, metavar='VERSION',
|
|
help='Python version in the format 3.x '
|
|
'(for example, 3.10)')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-O', '--optimize',
|
|
type=int, default=-1, metavar='LEVEL',
|
|
help='optimization level for parser (default -1)')
|
|
parser.add_argument('--show-empty', default=False, action='store_true',
|
|
help='show empty lists and fields in dump output')
|
|
args = parser.parse_args(args)
|
|
|
|
if args.infile == '-':
|
|
name = '<stdin>'
|
|
source = sys.stdin.buffer.read()
|
|
else:
|
|
name = args.infile
|
|
with open(args.infile, 'rb') as infile:
|
|
source = infile.read()
|
|
|
|
# Process feature_version
|
|
feature_version = None
|
|
if args.feature_version:
|
|
try:
|
|
major, minor = map(int, args.feature_version.split('.', 1))
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
parser.error('Invalid format for --feature-version; '
|
|
'expected format 3.x (for example, 3.10)')
|
|
|
|
feature_version = (major, minor)
|
|
|
|
tree = parse(source, name, args.mode, type_comments=args.no_type_comments,
|
|
feature_version=feature_version, optimize=args.optimize)
|
|
print(dump(tree, include_attributes=args.include_attributes,
|
|
indent=args.indent, show_empty=args.show_empty))
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
main()
|