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297 lines
9.7 KiB
Python
297 lines
9.7 KiB
Python
"""Conversion pipeline templates.
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The problem:
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------------
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Suppose you have some data that you want to convert to another format,
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such as from GIF image format to PPM image format. Maybe the
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conversion involves several steps (e.g. piping it through compress or
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uuencode). Some of the conversion steps may require that their input
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is a disk file, others may be able to read standard input; similar for
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their output. The input to the entire conversion may also be read
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from a disk file or from an open file, and similar for its output.
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The module lets you construct a pipeline template by sticking one or
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more conversion steps together. It will take care of creating and
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removing temporary files if they are necessary to hold intermediate
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data. You can then use the template to do conversions from many
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different sources to many different destinations. The temporary
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file names used are different each time the template is used.
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The templates are objects so you can create templates for many
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different conversion steps and store them in a dictionary, for
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instance.
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Directions:
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-----------
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To create a template:
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t = Template()
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To add a conversion step to a template:
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t.append(command, kind)
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where kind is a string of two characters: the first is '-' if the
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command reads its standard input or 'f' if it requires a file; the
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second likewise for the output. The command must be valid /bin/sh
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syntax. If input or output files are required, they are passed as
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$IN and $OUT; otherwise, it must be possible to use the command in
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a pipeline.
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To add a conversion step at the beginning:
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t.prepend(command, kind)
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To convert a file to another file using a template:
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sts = t.copy(infile, outfile)
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If infile or outfile are the empty string, standard input is read or
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standard output is written, respectively. The return value is the
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exit status of the conversion pipeline.
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To open a file for reading or writing through a conversion pipeline:
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fp = t.open(file, mode)
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where mode is 'r' to read the file, or 'w' to write it -- just like
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for the built-in function open() or for os.popen().
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To create a new template object initialized to a given one:
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t2 = t.clone()
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For an example, see the function test() at the end of the file.
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""" # '
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import re
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import os
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import tempfile
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import string
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__all__ = ["Template"]
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# Conversion step kinds
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FILEIN_FILEOUT = 'ff' # Must read & write real files
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STDIN_FILEOUT = '-f' # Must write a real file
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FILEIN_STDOUT = 'f-' # Must read a real file
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STDIN_STDOUT = '--' # Normal pipeline element
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SOURCE = '.-' # Must be first, writes stdout
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SINK = '-.' # Must be last, reads stdin
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stepkinds = [FILEIN_FILEOUT, STDIN_FILEOUT, FILEIN_STDOUT, STDIN_STDOUT, \
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SOURCE, SINK]
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class Template:
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"""Class representing a pipeline template."""
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def __init__(self):
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"""Template() returns a fresh pipeline template."""
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self.debugging = 0
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self.reset()
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def __repr__(self):
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"""t.__repr__() implements `t`."""
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return '<Template instance, steps=' + `self.steps` + '>'
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def reset(self):
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"""t.reset() restores a pipeline template to its initial state."""
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self.steps = []
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def clone(self):
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"""t.clone() returns a new pipeline template with identical
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initial state as the current one."""
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t = Template()
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t.steps = self.steps[:]
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t.debugging = self.debugging
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return t
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def debug(self, flag):
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"""t.debug(flag) turns debugging on or off."""
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self.debugging = flag
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def append(self, cmd, kind):
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"""t.append(cmd, kind) adds a new step at the end."""
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if type(cmd) is not type(''):
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raise TypeError, \
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'Template.append: cmd must be a string'
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if kind not in stepkinds:
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.append: bad kind ' + `kind`
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if kind == SOURCE:
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.append: SOURCE can only be prepended'
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if self.steps and self.steps[-1][1] == SINK:
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.append: already ends with SINK'
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if kind[0] == 'f' and not re.search(r'\$IN\b', cmd):
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.append: missing $IN in cmd'
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if kind[1] == 'f' and not re.search(r'\$OUT\b', cmd):
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.append: missing $OUT in cmd'
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self.steps.append((cmd, kind))
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def prepend(self, cmd, kind):
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"""t.prepend(cmd, kind) adds a new step at the front."""
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if type(cmd) is not type(''):
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raise TypeError, \
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'Template.prepend: cmd must be a string'
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if kind not in stepkinds:
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.prepend: bad kind ' + `kind`
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if kind == SINK:
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.prepend: SINK can only be appended'
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if self.steps and self.steps[0][1] == SOURCE:
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.prepend: already begins with SOURCE'
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if kind[0] == 'f' and not re.search(r'\$IN\b', cmd):
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.prepend: missing $IN in cmd'
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if kind[1] == 'f' and not re.search(r'\$OUT\b', cmd):
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.prepend: missing $OUT in cmd'
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self.steps.insert(0, (cmd, kind))
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def open(self, file, rw):
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"""t.open(file, rw) returns a pipe or file object open for
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reading or writing; the file is the other end of the pipeline."""
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if rw == 'r':
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return self.open_r(file)
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if rw == 'w':
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return self.open_w(file)
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.open: rw must be \'r\' or \'w\', not ' + `rw`
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def open_r(self, file):
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"""t.open_r(file) and t.open_w(file) implement
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t.open(file, 'r') and t.open(file, 'w') respectively."""
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if not self.steps:
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return open(file, 'r')
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if self.steps[-1][1] == SINK:
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.open_r: pipeline ends width SINK'
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cmd = self.makepipeline(file, '')
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return os.popen(cmd, 'r')
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def open_w(self, file):
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if not self.steps:
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return open(file, 'w')
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if self.steps[0][1] == SOURCE:
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raise ValueError, \
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'Template.open_w: pipeline begins with SOURCE'
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cmd = self.makepipeline('', file)
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return os.popen(cmd, 'w')
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def copy(self, infile, outfile):
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return os.system(self.makepipeline(infile, outfile))
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def makepipeline(self, infile, outfile):
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cmd = makepipeline(infile, self.steps, outfile)
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if self.debugging:
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print cmd
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cmd = 'set -x; ' + cmd
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return cmd
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def makepipeline(infile, steps, outfile):
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# Build a list with for each command:
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# [input filename or '', command string, kind, output filename or '']
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list = []
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for cmd, kind in steps:
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list.append(['', cmd, kind, ''])
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#
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# Make sure there is at least one step
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#
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if not list:
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list.append(['', 'cat', '--', ''])
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#
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# Take care of the input and output ends
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#
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[cmd, kind] = list[0][1:3]
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if kind[0] == 'f' and not infile:
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list.insert(0, ['', 'cat', '--', ''])
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list[0][0] = infile
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#
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[cmd, kind] = list[-1][1:3]
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if kind[1] == 'f' and not outfile:
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list.append(['', 'cat', '--', ''])
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list[-1][-1] = outfile
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#
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# Invent temporary files to connect stages that need files
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#
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garbage = []
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for i in range(1, len(list)):
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lkind = list[i-1][2]
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rkind = list[i][2]
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if lkind[1] == 'f' or rkind[0] == 'f':
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temp = tempfile.mktemp()
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garbage.append(temp)
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list[i-1][-1] = list[i][0] = temp
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#
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for item in list:
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[inf, cmd, kind, outf] = item
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if kind[1] == 'f':
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cmd = 'OUT=' + quote(outf) + '; ' + cmd
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if kind[0] == 'f':
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cmd = 'IN=' + quote(inf) + '; ' + cmd
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if kind[0] == '-' and inf:
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cmd = cmd + ' <' + quote(inf)
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if kind[1] == '-' and outf:
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cmd = cmd + ' >' + quote(outf)
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item[1] = cmd
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#
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cmdlist = list[0][1]
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for item in list[1:]:
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[cmd, kind] = item[1:3]
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if item[0] == '':
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if 'f' in kind:
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cmd = '{ ' + cmd + '; }'
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cmdlist = cmdlist + ' |\n' + cmd
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else:
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cmdlist = cmdlist + '\n' + cmd
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#
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if garbage:
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rmcmd = 'rm -f'
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for file in garbage:
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rmcmd = rmcmd + ' ' + quote(file)
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trapcmd = 'trap ' + quote(rmcmd + '; exit') + ' 1 2 3 13 14 15'
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cmdlist = trapcmd + '\n' + cmdlist + '\n' + rmcmd
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#
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return cmdlist
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# Reliably quote a string as a single argument for /bin/sh
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_safechars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '!@%_-+=:,./' # Safe unquoted
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_funnychars = '"`$\\' # Unsafe inside "double quotes"
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def quote(file):
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for c in file:
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if c not in _safechars:
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break
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else:
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return file
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if '\'' not in file:
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return '\'' + file + '\''
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res = ''
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for c in file:
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if c in _funnychars:
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c = '\\' + c
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res = res + c
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return '"' + res + '"'
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# Small test program and example
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def test():
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print 'Testing...'
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t = Template()
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t.append('togif $IN $OUT', 'ff')
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t.append('giftoppm', '--')
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t.append('ppmtogif >$OUT', '-f')
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t.append('fromgif $IN $OUT', 'ff')
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t.debug(1)
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FILE = '/usr/local/images/rgb/rogues/guido.rgb'
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t.copy(FILE, '@temp')
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print 'Done.'
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