mirror of
https://github.com/python/cpython.git
synced 2025-10-31 13:41:24 +00:00
113 lines
4.9 KiB
TeX
113 lines
4.9 KiB
TeX
\declaremodule{standard}{email.Utils}
|
|
\modulesynopsis{Miscellaneous email package utilities.}
|
|
|
|
There are several useful utilities provided with the \module{email}
|
|
package.
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{quote}{str}
|
|
Return a new string with backslashes in \var{str} replaced by two
|
|
backslashes and double quotes replaced by backslash-double quote.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{unquote}{str}
|
|
Return a new string which is an \emph{unquoted} version of \var{str}.
|
|
If \var{str} ends and begins with double quotes, they are stripped
|
|
off. Likewise if \var{str} ends and begins with angle brackets, they
|
|
are stripped off.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{parseaddr}{address}
|
|
Parse address -- which should be the value of some address-containing
|
|
field such as \mailheader{To} or \mailheader{Cc} -- into its constituent
|
|
\emph{realname} and \emph{email address} parts. Returns a tuple of that
|
|
information, unless the parse fails, in which case a 2-tuple of
|
|
\code{(None, None)} is returned.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{dump_address_pair}{pair}
|
|
The inverse of \method{parseaddr()}, this takes a 2-tuple of the form
|
|
\code{(realname, email_address)} and returns the string value suitable
|
|
for a \mailheader{To} or \mailheader{Cc} header. If the first element of
|
|
\var{pair} is false, then the second element is returned unmodified.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{getaddresses}{fieldvalues}
|
|
This method returns a list of 2-tuples of the form returned by
|
|
\code{parseaddr()}. \var{fieldvalues} is a sequence of header field
|
|
values as might be returned by \method{Message.getall()}. Here's a
|
|
simple example that gets all the recipients of a message:
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
from email.Utils import getaddresses
|
|
|
|
tos = msg.get_all('to')
|
|
ccs = msg.get_all('cc')
|
|
resent_tos = msg.get_all('resent-to')
|
|
resent_ccs = msg.get_all('resent-cc')
|
|
all_recipients = getaddresses(tos + ccs + resent_tos + resent_ccs)
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{decode}{s}
|
|
This method decodes a string according to the rules in \rfc{2047}. It
|
|
returns the decoded string as a Python unicode string.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{encode}{s\optional{, charset\optional{, encoding}}}
|
|
This method encodes a string according to the rules in \rfc{2047}. It
|
|
is not actually the inverse of \function{decode()} since it doesn't
|
|
handle multiple character sets or multiple string parts needing
|
|
encoding. In fact, the input string \var{s} must already be encoded
|
|
in the \var{charset} character set (Python can't reliably guess what
|
|
character set a string might be encoded in). The default
|
|
\var{charset} is \samp{iso-8859-1}.
|
|
|
|
\var{encoding} must be either the letter \character{q} for
|
|
Quoted-Printable or \character{b} for Base64 encoding. If
|
|
neither, a \exception{ValueError} is raised. Both the \var{charset} and
|
|
the \var{encoding} strings are case-insensitive, and coerced to lower
|
|
case in the returned string.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{parsedate}{date}
|
|
Attempts to parse a date according to the rules in \rfc{2822}.
|
|
however, some mailers don't follow that format as specified, so
|
|
\function{parsedate()} tries to guess correctly in such cases.
|
|
\var{date} is a string containing an \rfc{2822} date, such as
|
|
\code{"Mon, 20 Nov 1995 19:12:08 -0500"}. If it succeeds in parsing
|
|
the date, \function{parsedate()} returns a 9-tuple that can be passed
|
|
directly to \function{time.mktime()}; otherwise \code{None} will be
|
|
returned. Note that fields 6, 7, and 8 of the result tuple are not
|
|
usable.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{parsedate_tz}{date}
|
|
Performs the same function as \function{parsedate()}, but returns
|
|
either \code{None} or a 10-tuple; the first 9 elements make up a tuple
|
|
that can be passed directly to \function{time.mktime()}, and the tenth
|
|
is the offset of the date's timezone from UTC (which is the official
|
|
term for Greenwich Mean Time)\footnote{Note that the sign of the timezone
|
|
offset is the opposite of the sign of the \code{time.timezone}
|
|
variable for the same timezone; the latter variable follows the
|
|
\POSIX{} standard while this module follows \rfc{2822}.}. If the input
|
|
string has no timezone, the last element of the tuple returned is
|
|
\code{None}. Note that fields 6, 7, and 8 of the result tuple are not
|
|
usable.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{mktime_tz}{tuple}
|
|
Turn a 10-tuple as returned by \function{parsedate_tz()} into a UTC
|
|
timestamp. It the timezone item in the tuple is \code{None}, assume
|
|
local time. Minor deficiency: \function{mktime_tz()} interprets the
|
|
first 8 elements of \var{tuple} as a local time and then compensates
|
|
for the timezone difference. This may yield a slight error around
|
|
changes in daylight savings time, though not worth worring about for
|
|
common use.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{formatdate}{\optional{timeval}}
|
|
Returns the time formatted as per Internet standards \rfc{2822}
|
|
and updated by \rfc{1123}. If \var{timeval} is provided, then it
|
|
should be a floating point time value as expected by
|
|
\method{time.gmtime()}, otherwise the current time is used.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|