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198 lines
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ReStructuredText
198 lines
8.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`email.contentmanager`: Managing MIME Content
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--------------------------------------------------
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.. module:: email.contentmanager
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:synopsis: Storing and Retrieving Content from MIME Parts
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.. moduleauthor:: R. David Murray <rdmurray@bitdance.com>
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.. sectionauthor:: R. David Murray <rdmurray@bitdance.com>
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/contentmanager.py`
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------------
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.. versionadded:: 3.6 [1]_
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.. class:: ContentManager()
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Base class for content managers. Provides the standard registry mechanisms
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to register converters between MIME content and other representations, as
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well as the ``get_content`` and ``set_content`` dispatch methods.
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.. method:: get_content(msg, *args, **kw)
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Look up a handler function based on the ``mimetype`` of *msg* (see next
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paragraph), call it, passing through all arguments, and return the result
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of the call. The expectation is that the handler will extract the
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payload from *msg* and return an object that encodes information about
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the extracted data.
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To find the handler, look for the following keys in the registry,
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stopping with the first one found:
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* the string representing the full MIME type (``maintype/subtype``)
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* the string representing the ``maintype``
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* the empty string
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If none of these keys produce a handler, raise a :exc:`KeyError` for the
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full MIME type.
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.. method:: set_content(msg, obj, *args, **kw)
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If the ``maintype`` is ``multipart``, raise a :exc:`TypeError`; otherwise
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look up a handler function based on the type of *obj* (see next
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paragraph), call :meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.clear_content` on the
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*msg*, and call the handler function, passing through all arguments. The
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expectation is that the handler will transform and store *obj* into
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*msg*, possibly making other changes to *msg* as well, such as adding
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various MIME headers to encode information needed to interpret the stored
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data.
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To find the handler, obtain the type of *obj* (``typ = type(obj)``), and
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look for the following keys in the registry, stopping with the first one
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found:
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* the type itself (``typ``)
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* the type's fully qualified name (``typ.__module__ + '.' +
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typ.__qualname__``).
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* the type's qualname (``typ.__qualname__``)
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* the type's name (``typ.__name__``).
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If none of the above match, repeat all of the checks above for each of
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the types in the :term:`MRO` (``typ.__mro__``). Finally, if no other key
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yields a handler, check for a handler for the key ``None``. If there is
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no handler for ``None``, raise a :exc:`KeyError` for the fully
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qualified name of the type.
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Also add a :mailheader:`MIME-Version` header if one is not present (see
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also :class:`.MIMEPart`).
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.. method:: add_get_handler(key, handler)
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Record the function *handler* as the handler for *key*. For the possible
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values of *key*, see :meth:`get_content`.
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.. method:: add_set_handler(typekey, handler)
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Record *handler* as the function to call when an object of a type
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matching *typekey* is passed to :meth:`set_content`. For the possible
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values of *typekey*, see :meth:`set_content`.
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Content Manager Instances
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Currently the email package provides only one concrete content manager,
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:data:`raw_data_manager`, although more may be added in the future.
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:data:`raw_data_manager` is the
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:attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.content_manager` provided by
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:attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy` and its derivatives.
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.. data:: raw_data_manager
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This content manager provides only a minimum interface beyond that provided
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by :class:`~email.message.Message` itself: it deals only with text, raw
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byte strings, and :class:`~email.message.Message` objects. Nevertheless, it
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provides significant advantages compared to the base API: ``get_content`` on
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a text part will return a unicode string without the application needing to
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manually decode it, ``set_content`` provides a rich set of options for
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controlling the headers added to a part and controlling the content transfer
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encoding, and it enables the use of the various ``add_`` methods, thereby
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simplifying the creation of multipart messages.
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.. method:: get_content(msg, errors='replace')
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Return the payload of the part as either a string (for ``text`` parts), an
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:class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` object (for ``message/rfc822``
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parts), or a ``bytes`` object (for all other non-multipart types). Raise
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a :exc:`KeyError` if called on a ``multipart``. If the part is a
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``text`` part and *errors* is specified, use it as the error handler when
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decoding the payload to unicode. The default error handler is
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``replace``.
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.. method:: set_content(msg, <'str'>, subtype="plain", charset='utf-8', \
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cte=None, \
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disposition=None, filename=None, cid=None, \
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params=None, headers=None)
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set_content(msg, <'bytes'>, maintype, subtype, cte="base64", \
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disposition=None, filename=None, cid=None, \
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params=None, headers=None)
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set_content(msg, <'EmailMessage'>, cte=None, \
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disposition=None, filename=None, cid=None, \
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params=None, headers=None)
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Add headers and payload to *msg*:
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Add a :mailheader:`Content-Type` header with a ``maintype/subtype``
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value.
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* For ``str``, set the MIME ``maintype`` to ``text``, and set the
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subtype to *subtype* if it is specified, or ``plain`` if it is not.
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* For ``bytes``, use the specified *maintype* and *subtype*, or
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raise a :exc:`TypeError` if they are not specified.
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* For :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` objects, set the maintype
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to ``message``, and set the subtype to *subtype* if it is
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specified or ``rfc822`` if it is not. If *subtype* is
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``partial``, raise an error (``bytes`` objects must be used to
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construct ``message/partial`` parts).
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If *charset* is provided (which is valid only for ``str``), encode the
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string to bytes using the specified character set. The default is
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``utf-8``. If the specified *charset* is a known alias for a standard
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MIME charset name, use the standard charset instead.
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If *cte* is set, encode the payload using the specified content transfer
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encoding, and set the :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header to
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that value. Possible values for *cte* are ``quoted-printable``,
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``base64``, ``7bit``, ``8bit``, and ``binary``. If the input cannot be
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encoded in the specified encoding (for example, specifying a *cte* of
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``7bit`` for an input that contains non-ASCII values), raise a
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:exc:`ValueError`.
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* For ``str`` objects, if *cte* is not set use heuristics to
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determine the most compact encoding.
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* For :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`, per :rfc:`2046`, raise
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an error if a *cte* of ``quoted-printable`` or ``base64`` is
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requested for *subtype* ``rfc822``, and for any *cte* other than
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``7bit`` for *subtype* ``external-body``. For
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``message/rfc822``, use ``8bit`` if *cte* is not specified. For
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all other values of *subtype*, use ``7bit``.
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.. note:: A *cte* of ``binary`` does not actually work correctly yet.
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The ``EmailMessage`` object as modified by ``set_content`` is
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correct, but :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` does not
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serialize it correctly.
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If *disposition* is set, use it as the value of the
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:mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header. If not specified, and
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*filename* is specified, add the header with the value ``attachment``.
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If *disposition* is not specified and *filename* is also not specified,
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do not add the header. The only valid values for *disposition* are
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``attachment`` and ``inline``.
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If *filename* is specified, use it as the value of the ``filename``
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parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header.
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If *cid* is specified, add a :mailheader:`Content-ID` header with
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*cid* as its value.
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If *params* is specified, iterate its ``items`` method and use the
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resulting ``(key, value)`` pairs to set additional parameters on the
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:mailheader:`Content-Type` header.
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If *headers* is specified and is a list of strings of the form
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``headername: headervalue`` or a list of ``header`` objects
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(distinguished from strings by having a ``name`` attribute), add the
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headers to *msg*.
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.. rubric:: Footnotes
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.. [1] Originally added in 3.4 as a :term:`provisional module <provisional
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package>`
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