cmd/compile: port callnew to ssa conversion

This is part of a general effort to shrink walk.
In an ideal world, we'd have an SSA op for allocation,
but we don't yet have a good mechanism for introducing
function calling during SSA compilation.
In the meantime, SSA conversion is a better place for it.

This also makes it easier to introduce new optimizations;
instead of doing the typecheck walk dance,
we can simply write what we want the backend to do.

I introduced a new opcode in this change because:

(a) It avoids a class of bugs involving correctly detecting
    whether this ONEW is a "before walk" ONEW or an "after walk" ONEW.
    It also means that using ONEW or ONEWOBJ in the wrong context
    will generally result in a faster failure.
(b) Opcodes are cheap.
(c) It provides a better place to put documentation.

This change also is also marginally more performant:

name        old alloc/op      new alloc/op      delta
Template         39.1MB ± 0%       39.0MB ± 0%  -0.14%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Unicode          28.4MB ± 0%       28.4MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.421 n=5+5)
GoTypes           132MB ± 0%        132MB ± 0%  -0.23%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Compiler          608MB ± 0%        607MB ± 0%  -0.25%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
SSA              2.04GB ± 0%       2.04GB ± 0%  -0.01%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Flate            24.4MB ± 0%       24.3MB ± 0%  -0.13%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
GoParser         29.3MB ± 0%       29.1MB ± 0%  -0.54%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Reflect          84.8MB ± 0%       84.7MB ± 0%  -0.21%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Tar              36.7MB ± 0%       36.6MB ± 0%  -0.10%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
XML              48.7MB ± 0%       48.6MB ± 0%  -0.24%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
[Geo mean]       85.0MB            84.8MB       -0.19%

name        old allocs/op     new allocs/op     delta
Template           383k ± 0%         382k ± 0%  -0.26%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Unicode            341k ± 0%         341k ± 0%    ~     (p=0.579 n=5+5)
GoTypes           1.37M ± 0%        1.36M ± 0%  -0.39%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Compiler          5.59M ± 0%        5.56M ± 0%  -0.49%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
SSA               16.9M ± 0%        16.9M ± 0%  -0.03%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Flate              238k ± 0%         238k ± 0%  -0.23%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
GoParser           306k ± 0%         303k ± 0%  -0.93%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Reflect            990k ± 0%         987k ± 0%  -0.33%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Tar                356k ± 0%         355k ± 0%  -0.20%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
XML                444k ± 0%         442k ± 0%  -0.45%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
[Geo mean]         848k              845k       -0.33%

Change-Id: I2c36003a7cbf71b53857b7de734852b698f49310
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/167957
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>

src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/syntax.go

@@ -668,7 +668,8 @@ const (
 	ORSH         // Left >> Right
 	OAND         // Left & Right
 	OANDNOT      // Left &^ Right
-	ONEW         // new(Left)
+	ONEW         // new(Left); corresponds to calls to new in source code
+	ONEWOBJ      // runtime.newobject(n.Type); introduced by walk; Left is type descriptor
 	ONOT         // !Left
 	OBITNOT      // ^Left
 	OPLUS        // +Left