cmd/compile: output DWARF lexical blocks for local variables

Change compiler and linker to emit DWARF lexical blocks in .debug_info
section when compiling with -N -l.

Version of debug_info is updated from DWARF v2 to DWARF v3 since
version 2 does not allow lexical blocks with discontinuous PC ranges.

Remaining open problems:
- scope information is removed from inlined functions
- variables records do not have DW_AT_start_scope attributes so a
variable will shadow other variables with the same name as soon as its
containing scope begins, even before its declaration.

Updates #6913.
Updates #12899.

Change-Id: Idc6808788512ea20e7e45bcf782453acb416fb49
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/40095
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>

src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/sizeof_test.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestSizeof(t *testing.T) {
 		_32bit uintptr     // size on 32bit platforms
 		_64bit uintptr     // size on 64bit platforms
 	}{
-		{Func{}, 100, 168},
+		{Func{}, 124, 216},
 		{Name{}, 36, 56},
 		{Param{}, 28, 56},
 		{Node{}, 76, 128},