diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/fips140/fips140.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/fips140/fips140.go
index 09e4141f99..64e8bded32 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/fips140/fips140.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/fips140/fips140.go
@@ -86,6 +86,9 @@ package fips140
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -225,13 +228,66 @@ func initDir() {
 
 	mod := module.Version{Path: "golang.org/fips140", Version: v}
 	file := filepath.Join(cfg.GOROOT, "lib/fips140", v+".zip")
-	zdir, err := modfetch.NewFetcher().Unzip(context.Background(), mod, file)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// The FIPS 140-3 Security Policy require checking the SHA-256 hash of the
+	// zip file. Verify it once against fips140.sum before unpacking it.
+	if _, err := modfetch.DownloadDir(ctx, mod); err != nil {
+		sumfile := filepath.Join(cfg.GOROOT, "lib/fips140/fips140.sum")
+		if err := verifyZipSum(file, sumfile); err != nil {
+			base.Fatalf("go: verifying GOFIPS140=%v: %v", v, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	zdir, err := modfetch.NewFetcher().Unzip(ctx, mod, file)
 	if err != nil {
 		base.Fatalf("go: unpacking GOFIPS140=%v: %v", v, err)
 	}
 	dir = filepath.Join(zdir, "fips140")
 }
 
+// verifyZipSum checks that the SHA-256 hash of zipfile matches the entry
+// for its base name in sumfile, which is expected to be in the format of
+// GOROOT/lib/fips140/fips140.sum: "NAME SHA256HEX" lines, with "#" comments.
+func verifyZipSum(zipfile, sumfile string) error {
+	sums, err := os.ReadFile(sumfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	name := filepath.Base(zipfile)
+	var want string
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(string(sums), "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
+			continue
+		}
+		n, h, ok := strings.Cut(line, " ")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if n == name {
+			want = strings.TrimSpace(h)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if want == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no SHA-256 hash for %s in %s", name, sumfile)
+	}
+	f, err := os.Open(zipfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	h := sha256.New()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(h, f); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if got := fmt.Sprintf("%x", h.Sum(nil)); got != want {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SHA-256 hash of %s is %s, want %s (from %s)", name, got, want, sumfile)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ResolveImport resolves the import path imp.
 // If it is of the form crypto/internal/fips140/foo
 // (not crypto/internal/fips140/v1.2.3/foo)
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/fips140/fips_test.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/fips140/fips_test.go
index 53f0c9ab58..8f4a669eef 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/fips140/fips_test.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/fips140/fips_test.go
@@ -100,3 +100,43 @@ func TestSums(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("GOROOT/lib/fips140/fips140.sum out of date. changes needed:\n%s", strings.Join(diff, ""))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestVerifyZipSum(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	zipfile := filepath.Join(dir, "v1.2.3.zip")
+	data := []byte("not really a zip, but it does not matter here")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(zipfile, data, 0666); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	sum := sha256.Sum256(data)
+
+	sumfile := filepath.Join(dir, "fips140.sum")
+	write := func(contents string) {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(sumfile, []byte(contents), 0666); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Matching hash with comments and a second entry passes.
+	write(fmt.Sprintf("# comment\n\nv1.2.3.zip %x\nother.zip 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n", sum[:]))
+	if err := verifyZipSum(zipfile, sumfile); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Missing entry for this zip fails.
+	write("# only comments\n")
+	if err := verifyZipSum(zipfile, sumfile); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected error when hash entry is missing")
+	}
+
+	// Wrong hash fails.
+	write("v1.2.3.zip 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n")
+	if err := verifyZipSum(zipfile, sumfile); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected error when hash does not match")
+	}
+
+	// Missing sum file fails.
+	if err := verifyZipSum(zipfile, filepath.Join(dir, "does-not-exist.sum")); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected error when sum file is missing")
+	}
+}