runtime: add general suspendG/resumeG

Currently, the process of suspending a goroutine is tied to stack
scanning. In preparation for non-cooperative preemption, this CL
abstracts this into general purpose suspendG/resumeG functions.

suspendG and resumeG closely follow the existing scang and restartg
functions with one exception: the addition of a _Gpreempted status.
Currently, preemption tasks (stack scanning) are carried out by the
target goroutine if it's in _Grunning. In this new approach, the task
is always carried out by the goroutine that called suspendG. Thus, we
need a reliable way to drive the target goroutine out of _Grunning
until the requesting goroutine is ready to resume it. The new
_Gpreempted state provides the handshake: when a runnable goroutine
responds to a preemption request, it now parks itself and enters
_Gpreempted. The requesting goroutine races to put it in _Gwaiting,
which gives it ownership, but also the responsibility to start it
again.

This CL adds several TODOs about improving the synchronization on the
G status. The existing code already has these problems; we're just
taking note of them.

The next CL will remove the now-dead scang and preemptscan.

For #10958, #24543.

Change-Id: I16dbf87bea9d50399cc86719c156f48e67198f16
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/201137
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>

src/runtime/stack.go

@@ -1017,6 +1017,11 @@ func newstack() {
 		if thisg.m.p == 0 && thisg.m.locks == 0 {
 			throw("runtime: g is running but p is not")
 		}
+
+		if gp.preemptStop {
+			preemptPark(gp) // never returns
+		}
+
 		// Synchronize with scang.
 		casgstatus(gp, _Grunning, _Gwaiting)
 		if gp.preemptscan {