cmd/compile: detect and diagnose invalid //go: directive placement

Thie CL changes cmd/compile/internal/syntax to give the gc half of
the compiler more control over pragma handling, so that it can prepare
better errors, diagnose misuse, and so on. Before, the API between
the two was hard-coded as a uint16. Now it is an interface{}.
This should set us up better for future directives.

In addition to the split, this CL emits a "misplaced compiler directive"
error for any directive that is in a place where it has no effect.
I've certainly been confused in the past by adding comments
that were doing nothing and not realizing it. This should help
avoid that kind of confusion.

The rule, now applied consistently, is that a //go: directive
must appear on a line by itself immediately before the declaration
specifier it means to apply to. See cmd/compile/doc.go for
precise text and test/directive.go for examples.

This may cause some code to stop compiling, but that code
was broken. For example, this code formerly applied the
//go:noinline to f (not c) but now will fail to compile:

	//go:noinline
	const c = 1

	func f() {}

Change-Id: Ieba9b8d90a27cfab25de79d2790a895cefe5296f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/228578
Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>

src/cmd/compile/doc.go

@@ -195,30 +195,58 @@ directive can skip over a directive like any other comment.
 // Line directives typically appear in machine-generated code, so that compilers and debuggers
 // will report positions in the original input to the generator.
 /*
-The line directive is an historical special case; all other directives are of the form
+The line directive is a historical special case; all other directives are of the form
-//go:name and must start at the beginning of a line, indicating that the directive is defined
+//go:name, indicating that they are defined by the Go toolchain.
-by the Go toolchain.
+Each directive must be placed its own line, with only leading spaces and tabs
+allowed before the comment.
+Each directive applies to the Go code that immediately follows it,
+which typically must be a declaration.
 
 	//go:noescape
 
-The //go:noescape directive specifies that the next declaration in the file, which
+The //go:noescape directive must be followed by a function declaration without
-must be a func without a body (meaning that it has an implementation not written
+a body (meaning that the function has an implementation not written in Go).
-in Go) does not allow any of the pointers passed as arguments to escape into the
+It specifies that the function does not allow any of the pointers passed as
-heap or into the values returned from the function. This information can be used
+arguments to escape into the heap or into the values returned from the function.
-during the compiler's escape analysis of Go code calling the function.
+This information can be used during the compiler's escape analysis of Go code
+calling the function.
+
+	//go:uintptrescapes
+
+The //go:uintptrescapes directive must be followed by a function declaration.
+It specifies that the function's uintptr arguments may be pointer values
+that have been converted to uintptr and must be treated as such by the
+garbage collector. The conversion from pointer to uintptr must appear in
+the argument list of any call to this function. This directive is necessary
+for some low-level system call implementations and should be avoided otherwise.
+
+	//go:noinline
+
+The //go:noinline directive must be followed by a function declaration.
+It specifies that calls to the function should not be inlined, overriding
+the compiler's usual optimization rules. This is typically only needed
+for special runtime functions or when debugging the compiler.
+
+	//go:norace
+
+The //go:norace directive must be followed by a function declaration.
+It specifies that the function's memory accesses must be ignored by the
+race detector. This is most commonly used in low-level code invoked
+at times when it is unsafe to call into the race detector runtime.
 
 	//go:nosplit
 
-The //go:nosplit directive specifies that the next function declared in the file must
+The //go:nosplit directive must be followed by a function declaration.
-not include a stack overflow check. This is most commonly used by low-level
+It specifies that the function must omit its usual stack overflow check.
-runtime sources invoked at times when it is unsafe for the calling goroutine to be
+This is most commonly used by low-level runtime code invoked
-preempted.
+at times when it is unsafe for the calling goroutine to be preempted.
 
 	//go:linkname localname [importpath.name]
 
-The //go:linkname directive instructs the compiler to use ``importpath.name'' as the
+This special directive does not apply to the Go code that follows it.
-object file symbol name for the variable or function declared as ``localname'' in the
+Instead, the //go:linkname directive instructs the compiler to use ``importpath.name''
-source code.
+as the object file symbol name for the variable or function declared as ``localname''
+in the source code.
 If the ``importpath.name'' argument is omitted, the directive uses the
 symbol's default object file symbol name and only has the effect of making
 the symbol accessible to other packages.

src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/lex.go

@@ -28,16 +28,18 @@ func isQuoted(s string) bool {
 	return len(s) >= 2 && s[0] == '"' && s[len(s)-1] == '"'
 }
 
+type PragmaFlag int16
+
 const (
 	// Func pragmas.
-	Nointerface    syntax.Pragma = 1 << iota
+	Nointerface    PragmaFlag = 1 << iota
-	Noescape                     // func parameters don't escape
+	Noescape                  // func parameters don't escape
-	Norace                       // func must not have race detector annotations
+	Norace                    // func must not have race detector annotations
-	Nosplit                      // func should not execute on separate stack
+	Nosplit                   // func should not execute on separate stack
-	Noinline                     // func should not be inlined
+	Noinline                  // func should not be inlined
-	NoCheckPtr                   // func should not be instrumented by checkptr
+	NoCheckPtr                // func should not be instrumented by checkptr
-	CgoUnsafeArgs                // treat a pointer to one arg as a pointer to them all
+	CgoUnsafeArgs             // treat a pointer to one arg as a pointer to them all
-	UintptrEscapes               // pointers converted to uintptr escape
+	UintptrEscapes            // pointers converted to uintptr escape
 
 	// Runtime-only func pragmas.
 	// See ../../../../runtime/README.md for detailed descriptions.
@@ -50,7 +52,24 @@ const (
 	NotInHeap // values of this type must not be heap allocated
 )
 
-func pragmaValue(verb string) syntax.Pragma {
+const (
+	FuncPragmas = Nointerface |
+		Noescape |
+		Norace |
+		Nosplit |
+		Noinline |
+		NoCheckPtr |
+		CgoUnsafeArgs |
+		UintptrEscapes |
+		Systemstack |
+		Nowritebarrier |
+		Nowritebarrierrec |
+		Yeswritebarrierrec
+
+	TypePragmas = NotInHeap
+)
+
+func pragmaFlag(verb string) PragmaFlag {
 	switch verb {
 	case "go:nointerface":
 		if objabi.Fieldtrack_enabled != 0 {

src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/noder.go

@@ -241,6 +241,10 @@ func (p *noder) node() {
 	p.setlineno(p.file.PkgName)
 	mkpackage(p.file.PkgName.Value)
 
+	if pragma, ok := p.file.Pragma.(*Pragma); ok {
+		p.checkUnused(pragma)
+	}
+
 	xtop = append(xtop, p.decls(p.file.DeclList)...)
 
 	for _, n := range p.linknames {
@@ -313,6 +317,10 @@ func (p *noder) importDecl(imp *syntax.ImportDecl) {
 		return // avoid follow-on errors if there was a syntax error
 	}
 
+	if pragma, ok := imp.Pragma.(*Pragma); ok {
+		p.checkUnused(pragma)
+	}
+
 	val := p.basicLit(imp.Path)
 	ipkg := importfile(&val)
 
@@ -363,6 +371,10 @@ func (p *noder) varDecl(decl *syntax.VarDecl) []*Node {
 		exprs = p.exprList(decl.Values)
 	}
 
+	if pragma, ok := decl.Pragma.(*Pragma); ok {
+		p.checkUnused(pragma)
+	}
+
 	p.setlineno(decl)
 	return variter(names, typ, exprs)
 }
@@ -384,6 +396,10 @@ func (p *noder) constDecl(decl *syntax.ConstDecl, cs *constState) []*Node {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if pragma, ok := decl.Pragma.(*Pragma); ok {
+		p.checkUnused(pragma)
+	}
+
 	names := p.declNames(decl.NameList)
 	typ := p.typeExprOrNil(decl.Type)
 
@@ -438,11 +454,13 @@ func (p *noder) typeDecl(decl *syntax.TypeDecl) *Node {
 
 	param := n.Name.Param
 	param.Ntype = typ
-	param.Pragma = decl.Pragma
 	param.Alias = decl.Alias
-	if param.Alias && param.Pragma != 0 {
+	if pragma, ok := decl.Pragma.(*Pragma); ok {
-		yyerror("cannot specify directive with type alias")
+		if !decl.Alias {
-		param.Pragma = 0
+			param.Pragma = pragma.Flag & TypePragmas
+			pragma.Flag &^= TypePragmas
+		}
+		p.checkUnused(pragma)
 	}
 
 	nod := p.nod(decl, ODCLTYPE, n, nil)
@@ -493,10 +511,13 @@ func (p *noder) funcDecl(fun *syntax.FuncDecl) *Node {
 	f.Func.Nname.Name.Defn = f
 	f.Func.Nname.Name.Param.Ntype = t
 
-	pragma := fun.Pragma
+	if pragma, ok := fun.Pragma.(*Pragma); ok {
-	f.Func.Pragma = fun.Pragma
+		f.Func.Pragma = pragma.Flag & FuncPragmas
-	if pragma&Systemstack != 0 && pragma&Nosplit != 0 {
+		if pragma.Flag&Systemstack != 0 && pragma.Flag&Nosplit != 0 {
-		yyerrorl(f.Pos, "go:nosplit and go:systemstack cannot be combined")
+			yyerrorl(f.Pos, "go:nosplit and go:systemstack cannot be combined")
+		}
+		pragma.Flag &^= FuncPragmas
+		p.checkUnused(pragma)
 	}
 
 	if fun.Recv == nil {
@@ -1479,13 +1500,58 @@ var allowedStdPragmas = map[string]bool{
 	"go:generate":           true,
 }
 
+// *Pragma is the value stored in a syntax.Pragma during parsing.
+type Pragma struct {
+	Flag PragmaFlag  // collected bits
+	Pos  []PragmaPos // position of each individual flag
+}
+
+type PragmaPos struct {
+	Flag PragmaFlag
+	Pos  syntax.Pos
+}
+
+func (p *noder) checkUnused(pragma *Pragma) {
+	for _, pos := range pragma.Pos {
+		if pos.Flag&pragma.Flag != 0 {
+			p.yyerrorpos(pos.Pos, "misplaced compiler directive")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *noder) checkUnusedDuringParse(pragma *Pragma) {
+	for _, pos := range pragma.Pos {
+		if pos.Flag&pragma.Flag != 0 {
+			p.error(syntax.Error{Pos: pos.Pos, Msg: "misplaced compiler directive"})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // pragma is called concurrently if files are parsed concurrently.
-func (p *noder) pragma(pos syntax.Pos, text string) syntax.Pragma {
+func (p *noder) pragma(pos syntax.Pos, blankLine bool, text string, old syntax.Pragma) syntax.Pragma {
-	switch {
+	pragma, _ := old.(*Pragma)
-	case strings.HasPrefix(text, "line "):
+	if pragma == nil {
+		pragma = new(Pragma)
+	}
+
+	if text == "" {
+		// unused pragma; only called with old != nil.
+		p.checkUnusedDuringParse(pragma)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(text, "line ") {
 		// line directives are handled by syntax package
 		panic("unreachable")
+	}
 
+	if !blankLine {
+		// directive must be on line by itself
+		p.error(syntax.Error{Pos: pos, Msg: "misplaced compiler directive"})
+		return pragma
+	}
+
+	switch {
 	case strings.HasPrefix(text, "go:linkname "):
 		f := strings.Fields(text)
 		if !(2 <= len(f) && len(f) <= 3) {
@@ -1513,7 +1579,8 @@ func (p *noder) pragma(pos syntax.Pos, text string) syntax.Pragma {
 				p.error(syntax.Error{Pos: pos, Msg: fmt.Sprintf("invalid library name %q in cgo_import_dynamic directive", lib)})
 			}
 			p.pragcgo(pos, text)
-			return pragmaValue("go:cgo_import_dynamic")
+			pragma.Flag |= pragmaFlag("go:cgo_import_dynamic")
+			break
 		}
 		fallthrough
 	case strings.HasPrefix(text, "go:cgo_"):
@@ -1530,18 +1597,19 @@ func (p *noder) pragma(pos syntax.Pos, text string) syntax.Pragma {
 		if i := strings.Index(text, " "); i >= 0 {
 			verb = verb[:i]
 		}
-		prag := pragmaValue(verb)
+		flag := pragmaFlag(verb)
 		const runtimePragmas = Systemstack | Nowritebarrier | Nowritebarrierrec | Yeswritebarrierrec
-		if !compiling_runtime && prag&runtimePragmas != 0 {
+		if !compiling_runtime && flag&runtimePragmas != 0 {
 			p.error(syntax.Error{Pos: pos, Msg: fmt.Sprintf("//%s only allowed in runtime", verb)})
 		}
-		if prag == 0 && !allowedStdPragmas[verb] && compiling_std {
+		if flag == 0 && !allowedStdPragmas[verb] && compiling_std {
 			p.error(syntax.Error{Pos: pos, Msg: fmt.Sprintf("//%s is not allowed in the standard library", verb)})
 		}
-		return prag
+		pragma.Flag |= flag
+		pragma.Pos = append(pragma.Pos, PragmaPos{flag, pos})
 	}
 
-	return 0
+	return pragma
 }
 
 // isCgoGeneratedFile reports whether pos is in a file

src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/syntax.go

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ package gc
 
 import (
 	"cmd/compile/internal/ssa"
-	"cmd/compile/internal/syntax"
 	"cmd/compile/internal/types"
 	"cmd/internal/obj"
 	"cmd/internal/objabi"
@@ -483,7 +482,7 @@ type Param struct {
 	// OTYPE
 	//
 	// TODO: Should Func pragmas also be stored on the Name?
-	Pragma syntax.Pragma
+	Pragma PragmaFlag
 	Alias  bool // node is alias for Ntype (only used when type-checking ODCLTYPE)
 }
 
@@ -565,7 +564,7 @@ type Func struct {
 	Endlineno src.XPos
 	WBPos     src.XPos // position of first write barrier; see SetWBPos
 
-	Pragma syntax.Pragma // go:xxx function annotations
+	Pragma PragmaFlag // go:xxx function annotations
 
 	flags      bitset16
 	numDefers  int // number of defer calls in the function

src/cmd/compile/internal/syntax/nodes.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ func (*node) aNode()     {}
 
 // package PkgName; DeclList[0], DeclList[1], ...
 type File struct {
+	Pragma   Pragma
 	PkgName  *Name
 	DeclList []Decl
 	Lines    uint
@@ -52,9 +53,10 @@ type (
 	//              Path
 	// LocalPkgName Path
 	ImportDecl struct {
+		Group        *Group // nil means not part of a group
+		Pragma       Pragma
 		LocalPkgName *Name // including "."; nil means no rename present
 		Path         *BasicLit
-		Group        *Group // nil means not part of a group
 		decl
 	}
 
@@ -62,20 +64,21 @@ type (
 	// NameList      = Values
 	// NameList Type = Values
 	ConstDecl struct {
-		NameList []*Name
-		Type     Expr   // nil means no type
-		Values   Expr   // nil means no values
 		Group    *Group // nil means not part of a group
+		Pragma   Pragma
+		NameList []*Name
+		Type     Expr // nil means no type
+		Values   Expr // nil means no values
 		decl
 	}
 
 	// Name Type
 	TypeDecl struct {
+		Group  *Group // nil means not part of a group
+		Pragma Pragma
 		Name   *Name
 		Alias  bool
 		Type   Expr
-		Group  *Group // nil means not part of a group
-		Pragma Pragma
 		decl
 	}
 
@@ -83,10 +86,11 @@ type (
 	// NameList Type = Values
 	// NameList      = Values
 	VarDecl struct {
-		NameList []*Name
-		Type     Expr   // nil means no type
-		Values   Expr   // nil means no values
 		Group    *Group // nil means not part of a group
+		Pragma   Pragma
+		NameList []*Name
+		Type     Expr // nil means no type
+		Values   Expr // nil means no values
 		decl
 	}
 
@@ -95,12 +99,11 @@ type (
 	// func Receiver Name Type { Body }
 	// func Receiver Name Type
 	FuncDecl struct {
-		Attr   map[string]bool // go:attr map
+		Pragma Pragma
-		Recv   *Field          // nil means regular function
+		Recv   *Field // nil means regular function
 		Name   *Name
 		Type   *FuncType
 		Body   *BlockStmt // nil means no body (forward declaration)
-		Pragma Pragma     // TODO(mdempsky): Cleaner solution.
 		decl
 	}
 )

src/cmd/compile/internal/syntax/parser.go

@@ -15,15 +15,16 @@ const debug = false
 const trace = false
 
 type parser struct {
-	file *PosBase
+	file  *PosBase
-	errh ErrorHandler
+	errh  ErrorHandler
-	mode Mode
+	mode  Mode
+	pragh PragmaHandler
 	scanner
 
 	base   *PosBase // current position base
 	first  error    // first error encountered
 	errcnt int      // number of errors encountered
-	pragma Pragma   // pragma flags
+	pragma Pragma   // pragmas
 
 	fnest  int    // function nesting level (for error handling)
 	xnest  int    // expression nesting level (for complit ambiguity resolution)
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ func (p *parser) init(file *PosBase, r io.Reader, errh ErrorHandler, pragh Pragm
 	p.file = file
 	p.errh = errh
 	p.mode = mode
+	p.pragh = pragh
 	p.scanner.init(
 		r,
 		// Error and directive handler for scanner.
@@ -47,9 +49,11 @@ func (p *parser) init(file *PosBase, r io.Reader, errh ErrorHandler, pragh Pragm
 				return
 			}
 
-			// otherwise it must be a comment containing a line or go: directive
+			// otherwise it must be a comment containing a line or go: directive.
+			// //line directives must be at the start of the line (column colbase).
+			// /*line*/ directives can be anywhere in the line.
 			text := commentText(msg)
-			if strings.HasPrefix(text, "line ") {
+			if (col == colbase || msg[1] == '*') && strings.HasPrefix(text, "line ") {
 				var pos Pos // position immediately following the comment
 				if msg[1] == '/' {
 					// line comment (newline is part of the comment)
@@ -67,7 +71,7 @@ func (p *parser) init(file *PosBase, r io.Reader, errh ErrorHandler, pragh Pragm
 
 			// go: directive (but be conservative and test)
 			if pragh != nil && strings.HasPrefix(text, "go:") {
-				p.pragma |= pragh(p.posAt(line, col+2), text) // +2 to skip over // or /*
+				p.pragma = pragh(p.posAt(line, col+2), p.scanner.blank, text, p.pragma) // +2 to skip over // or /*
 			}
 		},
 		directives,
@@ -76,13 +80,32 @@ func (p *parser) init(file *PosBase, r io.Reader, errh ErrorHandler, pragh Pragm
 	p.base = file
 	p.first = nil
 	p.errcnt = 0
-	p.pragma = 0
+	p.pragma = nil
 
 	p.fnest = 0
 	p.xnest = 0
 	p.indent = nil
 }
 
+// takePragma returns the current parsed pragmas
+// and clears them from the parser state.
+func (p *parser) takePragma() Pragma {
+	prag := p.pragma
+	p.pragma = nil
+	return prag
+}
+
+// clearPragma is called at the end of a statement or
+// other Go form that does NOT accept a pragma.
+// It sends the pragma back to the pragma handler
+// to be reported as unused.
+func (p *parser) clearPragma() {
+	if p.pragma != nil {
+		p.pragh(p.pos(), p.scanner.blank, "", p.pragma)
+		p.pragma = nil
+	}
+}
+
 // updateBase sets the current position base to a new line base at pos.
 // The base's filename, line, and column values are extracted from text
 // which is positioned at (tline, tcol) (only needed for error messages).
@@ -362,6 +385,7 @@ func (p *parser) fileOrNil() *File {
 		p.syntaxError("package statement must be first")
 		return nil
 	}
+	f.Pragma = p.takePragma()
 	f.PkgName = p.name()
 	p.want(_Semi)
 
@@ -410,7 +434,7 @@ func (p *parser) fileOrNil() *File {
 
 		// Reset p.pragma BEFORE advancing to the next token (consuming ';')
 		// since comments before may set pragmas for the next function decl.
-		p.pragma = 0
+		p.clearPragma()
 
 		if p.tok != _EOF && !p.got(_Semi) {
 			p.syntaxError("after top level declaration")
@@ -419,6 +443,7 @@ func (p *parser) fileOrNil() *File {
 	}
 	// p.tok == _EOF
 
+	p.clearPragma()
 	f.Lines = p.line
 
 	return f
@@ -469,6 +494,7 @@ func (p *parser) list(open, sep, close token, f func() bool) Pos {
 func (p *parser) appendGroup(list []Decl, f func(*Group) Decl) []Decl {
 	if p.tok == _Lparen {
 		g := new(Group)
+		p.clearPragma()
 		p.list(_Lparen, _Semi, _Rparen, func() bool {
 			list = append(list, f(g))
 			return false
@@ -497,6 +523,8 @@ func (p *parser) importDecl(group *Group) Decl {
 
 	d := new(ImportDecl)
 	d.pos = p.pos()
+	d.Group = group
+	d.Pragma = p.takePragma()
 
 	switch p.tok {
 	case _Name:
@@ -511,7 +539,6 @@ func (p *parser) importDecl(group *Group) Decl {
 		p.advance(_Semi, _Rparen)
 		return nil
 	}
-	d.Group = group
 
 	return d
 }
@@ -524,6 +551,8 @@ func (p *parser) constDecl(group *Group) Decl {
 
 	d := new(ConstDecl)
 	d.pos = p.pos()
+	d.Group = group
+	d.Pragma = p.takePragma()
 
 	d.NameList = p.nameList(p.name())
 	if p.tok != _EOF && p.tok != _Semi && p.tok != _Rparen {
@@ -532,7 +561,6 @@ func (p *parser) constDecl(group *Group) Decl {
 			d.Values = p.exprList()
 		}
 	}
-	d.Group = group
 
 	return d
 }
@@ -545,6 +573,8 @@ func (p *parser) typeDecl(group *Group) Decl {
 
 	d := new(TypeDecl)
 	d.pos = p.pos()
+	d.Group = group
+	d.Pragma = p.takePragma()
 
 	d.Name = p.name()
 	d.Alias = p.gotAssign()
@@ -554,8 +584,6 @@ func (p *parser) typeDecl(group *Group) Decl {
 		p.syntaxError("in type declaration")
 		p.advance(_Semi, _Rparen)
 	}
-	d.Group = group
-	d.Pragma = p.pragma
 
 	return d
 }
@@ -568,6 +596,8 @@ func (p *parser) varDecl(group *Group) Decl {
 
 	d := new(VarDecl)
 	d.pos = p.pos()
+	d.Group = group
+	d.Pragma = p.takePragma()
 
 	d.NameList = p.nameList(p.name())
 	if p.gotAssign() {
@@ -578,7 +608,6 @@ func (p *parser) varDecl(group *Group) Decl {
 			d.Values = p.exprList()
 		}
 	}
-	d.Group = group
 
 	return d
 }
@@ -595,6 +624,7 @@ func (p *parser) funcDeclOrNil() *FuncDecl {
 
 	f := new(FuncDecl)
 	f.pos = p.pos()
+	f.Pragma = p.takePragma()
 
 	if p.tok == _Lparen {
 		rcvr := p.paramList()
@@ -620,7 +650,6 @@ func (p *parser) funcDeclOrNil() *FuncDecl {
 	if p.tok == _Lbrace {
 		f.Body = p.funcBody()
 	}
-	f.Pragma = p.pragma
 
 	return f
 }
@@ -2054,6 +2083,7 @@ func (p *parser) stmtOrNil() Stmt {
 	// Most statements (assignments) start with an identifier;
 	// look for it first before doing anything more expensive.
 	if p.tok == _Name {
+		p.clearPragma()
 		lhs := p.exprList()
 		if label, ok := lhs.(*Name); ok && p.tok == _Colon {
 			return p.labeledStmtOrNil(label)
@@ -2062,9 +2092,6 @@ func (p *parser) stmtOrNil() Stmt {
 	}
 
 	switch p.tok {
-	case _Lbrace:
-		return p.blockStmt("")
-
 	case _Var:
 		return p.declStmt(p.varDecl)
 
@@ -2073,6 +2100,13 @@ func (p *parser) stmtOrNil() Stmt {
 
 	case _Type:
 		return p.declStmt(p.typeDecl)
+	}
+
+	p.clearPragma()
+
+	switch p.tok {
+	case _Lbrace:
+		return p.blockStmt("")
 
 	case _Operator, _Star:
 		switch p.op {
@@ -2151,6 +2185,7 @@ func (p *parser) stmtList() (l []Stmt) {
 
 	for p.tok != _EOF && p.tok != _Rbrace && p.tok != _Case && p.tok != _Default {
 		s := p.stmtOrNil()
+		p.clearPragma()
 		if s == nil {
 			break
 		}

src/cmd/compile/internal/syntax/scanner.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ type scanner struct {
 
 	// current token, valid after calling next()
 	line, col uint
+	blank     bool // line is blank up to col
 	tok       token
 	lit       string   // valid if tok is _Name, _Literal, or _Semi ("semicolon", "newline", or "EOF"); may be malformed if bad is true
 	bad       bool     // valid if tok is _Literal, true if a syntax error occurred, lit may be malformed
@@ -83,10 +84,7 @@ func (s *scanner) setLit(kind LitKind, ok bool) {
 //
 // If the scanner mode includes the directives (but not the comments)
 // flag, only comments containing a //line, /*line, or //go: directive
-// are reported, in the same way as regular comments. Directives in
+// are reported, in the same way as regular comments.
-// //-style comments are only recognized if they are at the beginning
-// of a line.
-//
 func (s *scanner) next() {
 	nlsemi := s.nlsemi
 	s.nlsemi = false
@@ -94,12 +92,14 @@ func (s *scanner) next() {
 redo:
 	// skip white space
 	s.stop()
+	startLine, startCol := s.pos()
 	for s.ch == ' ' || s.ch == '\t' || s.ch == '\n' && !nlsemi || s.ch == '\r' {
 		s.nextch()
 	}
 
 	// token start
 	s.line, s.col = s.pos()
+	s.blank = s.line > startLine || startCol == colbase
 	s.start()
 	if isLetter(s.ch) || s.ch >= utf8.RuneSelf && s.atIdentChar(true) {
 		s.nextch()
@@ -741,8 +741,8 @@ func (s *scanner) lineComment() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// directives must start at the beginning of the line (s.col == colbase)
+	// are we saving directives? or is this definitely not a directive?
-	if s.mode&directives == 0 || s.col != colbase || (s.ch != 'g' && s.ch != 'l') {
+	if s.mode&directives == 0 || (s.ch != 'g' && s.ch != 'l') {
 		s.stop()
 		s.skipLine()
 		return

src/cmd/compile/internal/syntax/syntax.go

@@ -33,15 +33,24 @@ var _ error = Error{} // verify that Error implements error
 // An ErrorHandler is called for each error encountered reading a .go file.
 type ErrorHandler func(err error)
 
-// A Pragma value is a set of flags that augment a function or
+// A Pragma value augments a package, import, const, func, type, or var declaration.
-// type declaration. Callers may assign meaning to the flags as
+// Its meaning is entirely up to the PragmaHandler,
-// appropriate.
+// except that nil is used to mean “no pragma seen.”
-type Pragma uint16
+type Pragma interface{}
 
-// A PragmaHandler is used to process //go: directives as
+// A PragmaHandler is used to process //go: directives while scanning.
-// they're scanned. The returned Pragma value will be unioned into the
+// It is passed the current pragma value, which starts out being nil,
-// next FuncDecl node.
+// and it returns an updated pragma value.
-type PragmaHandler func(pos Pos, text string) Pragma
+// The text is the directive, with the "//" prefix stripped.
+// The current pragma is saved at each package, import, const, func, type, or var
+// declaration, into the File, ImportDecl, ConstDecl, FuncDecl, TypeDecl, or VarDecl node.
+//
+// If text is the empty string, the pragma is being returned
+// to the handler unused, meaning it appeared before a non-declaration.
+// The handler may wish to report an error. In this case, pos is the
+// current parser position, not the position of the pragma itself.
+// Blank specifies whether the line is blank before the pragma.
+type PragmaHandler func(pos Pos, blank bool, text string, current Pragma) Pragma
 
 // Parse parses a single Go source file from src and returns the corresponding
 // syntax tree. If there are errors, Parse will return the first error found,

src/go/types/stdlib_test.go

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ func TestStdTest(t *testing.T) {
 
 	testTestDir(t, filepath.Join(runtime.GOROOT(), "test"),
 		"cmplxdivide.go", // also needs file cmplxdivide1.go - ignore
+		"directive.go",   // tests compiler rejection of bad directive placement - ignore
 	)
 }
 

test/directive.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// errorcheck
+
+// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Verify that misplaced directives are diagnosed.
+
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+package main
+
+//go:nosplit
+func f1() {}
+
+//go:nosplit
+//go:noinline
+func f2() {}
+
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+var x int
+
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+const c = 1
+
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+type T int
+
+// ok
+//go:notinheap
+type T1 int
+
+//go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+type (
+	//go:notinheap
+	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	T2  int //go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	T2b int
+	//go:notinheap
+	T2c int
+	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	T3 int
+)
+
+//go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+type (
+	//go:notinheap
+	T4 int
+)
+
+//go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+type ()
+
+type T5 int
+
+func g() {} //go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+
+// ok: attached to f (duplicated yes, but ok)
+//go:noinline
+
+//go:noinline
+func f() {
+	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	x := 1
+
+	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	{
+		_ = x //go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	}
+	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	var y int //go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	_ = y
+
+	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	const c = 1
+
+	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	_ = func() {}
+
+	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	// ok:
+	//go:notinheap
+	type T int
+}
+
+// someday there might be a directive that can apply to type aliases, but go:notinheap doesn't.
+//go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+type T6 = int
+
+// EOF
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"