runtime: don't grow the stack on sigpanic if throwsplit

Currently, if a _SigPanic signal arrives in a throwsplit context,
nothing is stopping the runtime from injecting a call to sigpanic that
may attempt to grow the stack. This will fail and, in turn, mask the
real problem.

Fix this by checking for throwsplit in the signal handler itself
before injecting the sigpanic call.

Updates #21431, where this problem is likely masking the real problem.

Change-Id: I64b61ff08e8c4d6f6c0fb01315d7d5e66bf1d3e2
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/87595
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

src/runtime/panic.go

@@ -752,6 +752,9 @@ func dopanic_m(gp *g, pc, sp uintptr) {
 	exit(2)
 }
 
+// canpanic returns false if a signal should throw instead of
+// panicking.
+//
 //go:nosplit
 func canpanic(gp *g) bool {
 	// Note that g is m->gsignal, different from gp.