net: add mechanisms to force go or cgo lookup, and to debug default strategy

GODEBUG=netdns=1 prints a one-time strategy decision. (cgo or go DNS lookups)
GODEBUG=netdns=2 prints the per-lookup strategy as a function of the hostname.

The new "netcgo" build tag forces cgo DNS lookups.

GODEBUG=netdns=go (or existing build tag "netgo") forces Go DNS resolution.
GODEBUG=netdns=cgo (or new build tag "netcgo") forces libc DNS resolution.

Options can be combined with e.g. GODEBUG=netdns=go+1 or GODEBUG=netdns=2+cgo.

Fixes #11322
Fixes #11450

Change-Id: I7a67e9f759fd0a02320e7803f9ded1638b19e861
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/11584
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>

src/net/parse.go

@@ -361,3 +361,26 @@ func readFull(r io.Reader) (all []byte, err error) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// goDebugString returns the value of the named GODEBUG key.
+// GODEBUG is of the form "key=val,key2=val2"
+func goDebugString(key string) string {
+	s := os.Getenv("GODEBUG")
+	for i := 0; i < len(s)-len(key)-1; i++ {
+		if i > 0 && s[i-1] != ',' {
+			continue
+		}
+		afterKey := s[i+len(key):]
+		if afterKey[0] != '=' || s[i:i+len(key)] != key {
+			continue
+		}
+		val := afterKey[1:]
+		for i, b := range val {
+			if b == ',' {
+				return val[:i]
+			}
+		}
+		return val
+	}
+	return ""
+}