cmd/cgo: handle GCC 8 change in errors about constant initializers

Before GCC 8 C code like

const unsigned long long int neg = (const unsigned long long) -1;
void f(void) { static const double x = (neg); }

would get an error "initializer element is not constant". In GCC 8 and
later it does not.

Because a value like neg, above, can not be used as a general integer
constant, this causes cgo to conclude that it is a floating point
constant. The way that cgo handles floating point values then causes
it to get the wrong value for it: 18446744073709551615 rather than -1.
These are of course the same value when converted to int64, but Go
does not permit that kind of conversion for an out-of-range constant.

This CL side-steps the problem by treating floating point constants
with integer type as they would up being treated before GCC 8: as
variables rather than constants.

Fixes #26066

Change-Id: I6f2f9ac2fa8a4b8218481b474f0b539758eb3b79
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/121035
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>

misc/cgo/test/cgo_test.go

@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ func Test22906(t *testing.T)                 { test22906(t) }
 func Test24206(t *testing.T)                 { test24206(t) }
 func Test25143(t *testing.T)                 { test25143(t) }
 func Test23356(t *testing.T)                 { test23356(t) }
+func Test26066(t *testing.T)                 { test26066(t) }
 
 func BenchmarkCgoCall(b *testing.B)  { benchCgoCall(b) }
 func BenchmarkGoString(b *testing.B) { benchGoString(b) }

misc/cgo/test/issue26066.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Wrong type of constant with GCC 8 and newer.
+
+package cgotest
+
+// const unsigned long long int issue26066 = (const unsigned long long) -1;
+import "C"
+
+import "testing"
+
+func test26066(t *testing.T) {
+	var i = int64(C.issue26066)
+	if i != -1 {
+		t.Errorf("got %d, want -1", i)
+	}
+}

src/cmd/cgo/gcc.go

@@ -586,7 +586,25 @@ func (p *Package) loadDWARF(f *File, names []*Name) {
 					}
 				}
 			case "fconst":
-				if i < len(floats) {
+				if i >= len(floats) {
+					break
+				}
+				switch base(types[i]).(type) {
+				case *dwarf.IntType, *dwarf.UintType:
+					// This has an integer type so it's
+					// not really a floating point
+					// constant. This can happen when the
+					// C compiler complains about using
+					// the value as an integer constant,
+					// but not as a general constant.
+					// Treat this as a variable of the
+					// appropriate type, not a constant,
+					// to get C-style type handling,
+					// avoiding the problem that C permits
+					// uint64(-1) but Go does not.
+					// See issue 26066.
+					n.Kind = "var"
+				default:
 					n.Const = fmt.Sprintf("%f", floats[i])
 				}
 			case "sconst":