cmd/compile: handle pragmas immediately with -newparser=1

Instead of saving all pragmas and processing them after parsing is
finished, process them immediately during scanning like the current
lexer does.

This is a bit unfortunate because it means we can't use
syntax.ParseFile to concurrently parse files yet, but it fixes how we
report syntax errors in the presence of //line pragmas.

While here, add a bunch more gcCompat entries to syntax/parser.go to
get "go build -toolexec='toolstash -cmp' std cmd" passing. There are
still a few remaining cases only triggered building unit tests, but
this seems like a nice checkpoint.

Change-Id: Iaf3bbcf2849857a460496f31eea228e0c585ce13
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/28226
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>

src/cmd/compile/internal/syntax/dumper_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ func TestDump(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("skipping test in short mode")
 	}
 
-	ast, err := ReadFile(*src, nil, 0)
+	ast, err := ReadFile(*src, nil, nil, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}