cmd/compile,cmd/link,runtime: add start line numbers to func metadata

This adds the function "start line number" to runtime._func and
runtime.inlinedCall objects. The "start line number" is the line number
of the func keyword or TEXT directive for assembly.

Subtracting the start line number from PC line number provides the
relative line offset of a PC from the the start of the function. This
helps with source stability by allowing code above the function to move
without invalidating samples within the function.

Encoding start line rather than relative lines directly is convenient
because the pprof format already contains a start line field.

This CL uses a straightforward encoding of explictly including a start
line field in every _func and inlinedCall. It is possible that we could
compress this further in the future. e.g., functions with a prologue
usually have <line of PC 0> == <start line>. In runtime.test, 95% of
functions have <line of PC 0> == <start line>.

According to bent, this is geomean +0.83% binary size vs master and
-0.31% binary size vs 1.19.

Note that //line directives can change the file and line numbers
arbitrarily. The encoded start line is as adjusted by //line directives.
Since this can change in the middle of a function, `line - start line`
offset calculations may not be meaningful if //line directives are in
use.

For #55022.

Change-Id: Iaabbc6dd4f85ffdda294266ef982ae838cc692f6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/429638
Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>

src/cmd/link/internal/loader/loader.go

@@ -1958,6 +1958,10 @@ func (fi *FuncInfo) FuncFlag() objabi.FuncFlag {
 	return (*goobj.FuncInfo)(nil).ReadFuncFlag(fi.data)
 }
 
+func (fi *FuncInfo) StartLine() int32 {
+	return (*goobj.FuncInfo)(nil).ReadStartLine(fi.data)
+}
+
 // Preload has to be called prior to invoking the various methods
 // below related to pcdata, funcdataoff, files, and inltree nodes.
 func (fi *FuncInfo) Preload() {