cmd/cgo: fix initialization of empty argument types

CL 258938 changed the way C to Go calls work such that they now
construct a C struct on the C side for the arguments and space for the
results. Any pointers in the result space must be zeroed, so we just
zero the whole struct.

However, C makes it surprisingly hard to robustly zero any struct
type. We had used a "{0}" initializer, which works in the vast
majority of cases, but fails if the type is empty or effectively
empty.

This CL fixes this by changing how the cgo tool zero-initializes the
argument struct to be more robust.

Fixes #42495.

Change-Id: Id1749b9d751e59eb7a02a9d44fec0698a2bf63cd
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/269337
Trust: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

misc/cgo/test/issue42495.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package cgotest
+
+// typedef struct { } T42495A;
+// typedef struct { int x[0]; } T42495B;
+import "C"
+
+//export Issue42495A
+func Issue42495A(C.T42495A) {}
+
+//export Issue42495B
+func Issue42495B(C.T42495B) {}

src/cmd/cgo/out.go

@@ -985,7 +985,15 @@ func (p *Package) writeExports(fgo2, fm, fgcc, fgcch io.Writer) {
 		// The results part of the argument structure must be
 		// initialized to 0 so the write barriers generated by
 		// the assignments to these fields in Go are safe.
-		fmt.Fprintf(fgcc, "\t%s %v _cgo_a = {0};\n", ctype, p.packedAttribute())
+		//
+		// We use a local static variable to get the zeroed
+		// value of the argument type. This avoids including
+		// string.h for memset, and is also robust to C++
+		// types with constructors. Both GCC and LLVM optimize
+		// this into just zeroing _cgo_a.
+		fmt.Fprintf(fgcc, "\ttypedef %s %v _cgo_argtype;\n", ctype, p.packedAttribute())
+		fmt.Fprintf(fgcc, "\tstatic _cgo_argtype _cgo_zero;\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(fgcc, "\t_cgo_argtype _cgo_a = _cgo_zero;\n")
 		if gccResult != "void" && (len(fntype.Results.List) > 1 || len(fntype.Results.List[0].Names) > 1) {
 			fmt.Fprintf(fgcc, "\t%s r;\n", gccResult)
 		}