crypto/mlkem: add example and improve docs

Change-Id: I6a6a46565f9135d8f18bf219e5b76d5957df5ab0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/641295
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel McCarney <daniel@binaryparadox.net>
Auto-Submit: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>

src/crypto/mlkem/example_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package mlkem_test
+
+import (
+	"crypto/mlkem"
+	"log"
+)
+
+func Example() {
+	// Alice generates a new key pair and sends the encapsulation key to Bob.
+	dk, err := mlkem.GenerateKey768()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	encapsulationKey := dk.EncapsulationKey().Bytes()
+
+	// Bob uses the encapsulation key to encapsulate a shared secret, and sends
+	// back the ciphertext to Alice.
+	ciphertext := Bob(encapsulationKey)
+
+	// Alice decapsulates the shared secret from the ciphertext.
+	sharedSecret, err := dk.Decapsulate(ciphertext)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Alice and Bob now share a secret.
+	_ = sharedSecret
+}
+
+func Bob(encapsulationKey []byte) (ciphertext []byte) {
+	// Bob encapsulates a shared secret using the encapsulation key.
+	ek, err := mlkem.NewEncapsulationKey768(encapsulationKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	sharedSecret, ciphertext := ek.Encapsulate()
+
+	// Alice and Bob now share a secret.
+	_ = sharedSecret
+
+	// Bob sends the ciphertext to Alice.
+	return ciphertext
+}

src/crypto/mlkem/mlkem1024.go

@@ -7,12 +7,10 @@ package mlkem
 import "crypto/internal/fips140/mlkem"
 
 const (
-	// CiphertextSize1024 is the size of a ciphertext produced by the 1024-bit
-	// variant of ML-KEM.
+	// CiphertextSize1024 is the size of a ciphertext produced by ML-KEM-1024.
 	CiphertextSize1024 = 1568
 
-	// EncapsulationKeySize1024 is the size of an encapsulation key for the
-	// 1024-bit variant of ML-KEM.
+	// EncapsulationKeySize1024 is the size of an ML-KEM-1024 encapsulation key.
 	EncapsulationKeySize1024 = 1568
 )
 
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ type DecapsulationKey1024 struct {
 }
 
 // GenerateKey1024 generates a new decapsulation key, drawing random bytes from
-// crypto/rand. The decapsulation key must be kept secret.
+// the default crypto/rand source. The decapsulation key must be kept secret.
 func GenerateKey1024() (*DecapsulationKey1024, error) {
 	key, err := mlkem.GenerateKey1024()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ func GenerateKey1024() (*DecapsulationKey1024, error) {
 	return &DecapsulationKey1024{key}, nil
 }
 
-// NewDecapsulationKey1024 parses a decapsulation key from a 64-byte seed in the
+// NewDecapsulationKey1024 expands a decapsulation key from a 64-byte seed in the
 // "d || z" form. The seed must be uniformly random.
 func NewDecapsulationKey1024(seed []byte) (*DecapsulationKey1024, error) {
 	key, err := mlkem.NewDecapsulationKey1024(seed)
@@ -88,7 +86,7 @@ func (ek *EncapsulationKey1024) Bytes() []byte {
 }
 
 // Encapsulate generates a shared key and an associated ciphertext from an
-// encapsulation key, drawing random bytes from crypto/rand.
+// encapsulation key, drawing random bytes from the default crypto/rand source.
 //
 // The shared key must be kept secret.
 func (ek *EncapsulationKey1024) Encapsulate() (sharedKey, ciphertext []byte) {

src/crypto/mlkem/mlkem768.go

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 // Package mlkem implements the quantum-resistant key encapsulation method
 // ML-KEM (formerly known as Kyber), as specified in [NIST FIPS 203].
 //
+// Most applications should use the ML-KEM-768 parameter set, as implemented by
+// [DecapsulationKey768] and [EncapsulationKey768].
+//
 // [NIST FIPS 203]: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.FIPS.203
 package mlkem
 
@@ -17,12 +20,10 @@ const (
 	// SeedSize is the size of a seed used to generate a decapsulation key.
 	SeedSize = 64
 
-	// CiphertextSize768 is the size of a ciphertext produced by the 768-bit
-	// variant of ML-KEM.
+	// CiphertextSize768 is the size of a ciphertext produced by ML-KEM-768.
 	CiphertextSize768 = 1088
 
-	// EncapsulationKeySize768 is the size of an encapsulation key for the
-	// 768-bit variant of ML-KEM.
+	// EncapsulationKeySize768 is the size of an ML-KEM-768 encapsulation key.
 	EncapsulationKeySize768 = 1184
 )
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ type DecapsulationKey768 struct {
 }
 
 // GenerateKey768 generates a new decapsulation key, drawing random bytes from
-// crypto/rand. The decapsulation key must be kept secret.
+// the default crypto/rand source. The decapsulation key must be kept secret.
 func GenerateKey768() (*DecapsulationKey768, error) {
 	key, err := mlkem.GenerateKey768()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ func GenerateKey768() (*DecapsulationKey768, error) {
 	return &DecapsulationKey768{key}, nil
 }
 
-// NewDecapsulationKey768 parses a decapsulation key from a 64-byte seed in the
+// NewDecapsulationKey768 expands a decapsulation key from a 64-byte seed in the
 // "d || z" form. The seed must be uniformly random.
 func NewDecapsulationKey768(seed []byte) (*DecapsulationKey768, error) {
 	key, err := mlkem.NewDecapsulationKey768(seed)
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ func (ek *EncapsulationKey768) Bytes() []byte {
 }
 
 // Encapsulate generates a shared key and an associated ciphertext from an
-// encapsulation key, drawing random bytes from crypto/rand.
+// encapsulation key, drawing random bytes from the default crypto/rand source.
 //
 // The shared key must be kept secret.
 func (ek *EncapsulationKey768) Encapsulate() (sharedKey, ciphertext []byte) {