cmd/cgo: fix handling of defs_linux.go

Instead of including <sys/types.h> to get size_t, instead include
the ISO C standard <stddef.h> header, which defines fewer additional
types at risk of colliding with the user code.  In particular, this
prevents collisions between <sys/types.h>'s userspace definitions with
the kernel definitions needed by defs_linux.go.

Also, -cdefs mode uses #pragma pack, so we can keep misaligned fields.

Fixes #8477.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/120610043

src/cmd/cgo/gcc.go

@@ -1587,12 +1587,14 @@ func (c *typeConv) Struct(dt *dwarf.StructType, pos token.Pos) (expr *ast.Struct
 			talign = size
 		}
 
-		if talign > 0 && f.ByteOffset%talign != 0 {
+		if talign > 0 && f.ByteOffset%talign != 0 && !*cdefs {
 			// Drop misaligned fields, the same way we drop integer bit fields.
 			// The goal is to make available what can be made available.
 			// Otherwise one bad and unneeded field in an otherwise okay struct
 			// makes the whole program not compile. Much of the time these
 			// structs are in system headers that cannot be corrected.
+			// Exception: In -cdefs mode, we use #pragma pack, so misaligned
+			// fields should still work.
 			continue
 		}
 		n := len(fld)

src/cmd/cgo/out.go

@@ -1148,16 +1148,10 @@ __cgo_size_assert(double, 8)
 `
 
 const builtinProlog = `
-#include <sys/types.h> /* for size_t below */
+#include <stddef.h> /* for ptrdiff_t and size_t below */
 
 /* Define intgo when compiling with GCC.  */
-#ifdef __PTRDIFF_TYPE__
-typedef __PTRDIFF_TYPE__ intgo;
-#elif defined(_LP64)
-typedef long long intgo;
-#else
-typedef int intgo;
-#endif
+typedef ptrdiff_t intgo;
 
 typedef struct { char *p; intgo n; } _GoString_;
 typedef struct { char *p; intgo n; intgo c; } _GoBytes_;