Array accesses with index types smaller than the machine word size may
involve a sign or zero extension of the index value before bounds
checking. Currently, this defeats prove because the facts about the
original index value don't flow through the sign/zero extension.
This CL fixes this by looking back through value-preserving sign/zero
extensions when adding facts via Update and, where appropriate, applying
the same facts using the pre-extension value. This fix is enhanced by
also looking back through value-preserving extensions within
ft.isNonNegative to infer whether the extended value is known to be
non-negative. Without this additional isNonNegative enhancement, this
logic is rendered significantly less effective by the limitation
discussed in the next paragraph.
In Update, the application of facts to pre-extension values is limited
to cases where the domain of the new fact is consistent with the type of
the pre-extension value. There may be cases where this cross-domain
passing of facts is valid, but distinguishing them from the invalid
cases is difficult for me to reason about and to implement.
Assessing which cases to allow requires details about the context and
inferences behind the fact being applied which are not available
within Update. Additional difficulty arises from the fact that the SSA
does not curently differentiate extensions added by the compiler for
indexing operations, extensions added by the compiler for implicit
conversions, or explicit extensions from the source.
Examples of some cases that would need to be filtered correctly for
cross-domain facts:
(1) A uint8 is zero-extended to int for indexing (a value-preserving
zeroExt). When, if ever, can signed domain facts learned about the int be
applied to the uint8?
(2) An int8 is sign-extended to int16 (value-preserving) for an equality
comparison. Equality comparison facts are currently always learned in both
the signed and unsigned domains. When, if ever, can the unsigned facts
learned about the int16, from the int16 != int16 comparison, be applied
to the original int8?
This is an alternative to CL 122695 and CL 174309. Compared to CL 122695,
this CL differs in that the facts added about the pre-extension value will
pass through the Update method, where additional inferences are processed
(e.g. fence-post implications, see #29964). CL 174309 is limited to bounds
checks, so is narrower in application, and makes the code harder to read.
Fixes#26292.
Fixes#29964.
Fixes#15074
Removes 238 bounds checks from std/cmd.
Change-Id: I1f87c32ee672bfb8be397b27eab7a4c2f304893f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/174704
Run-TryBot: Zach Jones <zachj1@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
For int8, int16, and int32, comparing their unsigned value to MaxInt64
to determine non-negativity doesn't make sense, because they have
negative values whose unsigned representation is smaller than that.
Fix is simply to compare with the appropriate upper bound based on the
value type's size.
Fixes#32560.
Change-Id: Ie7afad7a56af92bd890ba5ff33c86d1df06cfd9a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/181797
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
This is a follow-up CL to https://golang.org/cl/170118, updating a comment made
incorrect by that CL.
Change-Id: I5a29cfae331fbbbb36c96d96f9e4949393a5942d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/170123
Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
Run-TryBot: Daniel Martí <mvdan@mvdan.cc>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
When branching at a bounds check for indexing or slicing ops, prove currently
only learns from the upper bound. On the positive branch, we currently learn
i < len(a) (or i <= len(a)) in both the signed and unsigned domains.
This CL makes prove also learn from the lower bound. Specifically, on the
positive branch from index or slicing ops, prove will now ALSO learn i >= 0 in
the signed domain (this fact is of no value in the unsigned domain).
The substantive change itself is only an additional call to addRestrictions,
though I've also inverted the nested switch statements around that call for the
sake of clarity.
This CL removes 92 bounds checks from std and cmd. It passes all tests and
shows no deltas on compilecmp.
Fixes#28885
Change-Id: I13eccc36e640eb599fa6dc5aa3be3c7d7abd2d9e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/170121
Run-TryBot: Daniel Martí <mvdan@mvdan.cc>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
Prove requires access to a zero-valued constant in multiple heavily-used
code paths. Currently, prove is checking for the existence of the constant on
every iteration of these paths, and creating it if not found.
This CL preempts all of these checks by finding or creating the zero constant
Value, just once, when the factsTable is initialised on entry to prove(). The
Method used to initialise the zero constant, func.ConstInt64(), finds an
existing constant if present, or creates one in the entry block otherwise.
Fixes#31141
Change-Id: Ic9a2fd9d79b67025e24d4483f6e87cf8213ead24
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/170118
Reviewed-by: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
Run-TryBot: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Prove currently fails to remove bounds checks of the form:
if i >= 0 { // hint that i is non-negative
for i < len(data) { // i becomes Phi in the loop SSA
_ = data[i] // data[Phi]; bounds check!!
i++
}
}
addIndVarRestrictions fails to identify that the loop induction
variable, (Phi), is non-negative. As a result, the restrictions,
i <= Phi < len(data), are only added for the signed domain. When
testing the bounds check, addBranchRestrictions is similarly unable
to infer that Phi is non-negative. As a result, the restriction,
Phi >= len(data), is only added/tested for the unsigned domain.
This CL changes the isNonNegative method to utilise the factTable's
partially ordered set (poset). It also adds field factTable.zero to
allow isNonNegative to query the poset using the zero(0) constant
found or created early in prove.
Fixes#28956
Change-Id: I792f886c652eeaa339b0d57d5faefbf5922fe44f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/161437
Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
In the case of x+d >= w, where d and w are constants, we are
deriving x is within the bound of min=w-d and max=maxInt-d. When
there is an overflow (min >= max), we know only one of x >= min
or x <= max is true, and we derive this by excluding the other.
When excluding x >= min, we did not consider the equal case, so
we could incorrectly derive x <= max when x == min.
Fixes#29502.
Change-Id: Ia9f7d814264b1a3ddf78f52e2ce23377450e6e8a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/156019
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
prove is able to find 94 occurrences in std cmd where a divisor
can't have the value -1. The change removes
the extraneous fix-up code for these cases.
Fixes#25239
Change-Id: Ic184de971f47cc57c702eb72805b8e291c14035d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/130215
Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Fence-post implications of the form "x-1 >= w && x > min ⇒ x > w"
were not correctly handling unsigned domain, by always checking signed
limits.
This bug was uncovered once we taught prove that len(x) is always
>= 0 in the signed domain.
In the code being miscompiled (s[len(s)-1]), prove checks
whether len(s)-1 >= len(s) in the unsigned domain; if it proves
that this is always false, it can remove the bound check.
Notice that len(s)-1 >= len(s) can be true for len(s) = 0 because
of the wrap-around, so this is something prove should not be
able to deduce.
But because of the bug, the gate condition for the fence-post
implication was len(s) > MinInt64 instead of len(s) > 0; that
condition would be good in the signed domain but not in the
unsigned domain. And since in CL105635 we taught prove that
len(s) >= 0, the condition incorrectly triggered
(len(s) >= 0 > MinInt64) and things were going downfall.
Fixes#27251Fixes#27289
Change-Id: I3dbcb1955ac5a66a0dcbee500f41e8d219409be5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/132495
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Currently, we compile range loops into for loops with the obvious
initialization and update of the index variable. In this form, the
prove pass can see that the body is dominated by an i < len condition,
and findIndVar can detect that i is an induction variable and that
0 <= i < len.
GOEXPERIMENT=preemptibleloops compiles range loops to OFORUNTIL and
we're preparing to unconditionally switch to a variation of this for
#24543. OFORUNTIL moves the increment and condition *after* the body,
which makes the bounds on the index variable much less obvious. With
OFORUNTIL, proving anything about the index variable requires
understanding the phi that joins the index values at the top of the
loop body block.
This interferes with both prove's ability to see that i < len (this is
true on both paths that enter the body, but from two different
conditional checks) and with findIndVar's ability to detect the
induction pattern.
Fix this by teaching prove to detect that the index in the pattern
constructed by OFORUNTIL is an induction variable and add both bounds
to the facts table. Currently this is done separately from findIndVar
because it depends on prove's factsTable, while findIndVar runs before
visiting blocks and building the factsTable.
Without any GOEXPERIMENT, this has no effect on std or cmd. However,
with GOEXPERIMENT=preemptibleloops, this change becomes necessary to
prove 90 conditions in std and cmd.
Change-Id: Ic025d669f81b53426309da5a6e8010e5ccaf4f49
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/102603
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Currently, the prove pass derives implicit relations between len and
cap in the code that adds branch conditions. This is fine right now
because that's the only place we can encounter len and cap, but we're
about to add a second way to add assertions to the facts table that
can also produce facts involving len and cap.
Prepare for this by moving the fact derivation from updateRestrictions
(where it only applies on branches) to factsTable.update, which can
derive these facts no matter where the root facts come from.
Passes toolstash -cmp.
Change-Id: If09692d9eb98ffaa93f4cfa58ed2d8ba0887c111
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/102602
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
Currently, we never add a relation between two constants to prove's
fact table because these are eliminated before prove runs, so it
currently doesn't handle facts like this very well even though they're
easy to prove.
We're about to start asserting some conditions that don't appear in
the SSA, but are constructed from existing SSA values that may both be
constants.
Hence, improve the fact table to understand relations between
constants by initializing the constant bounds of constant values to
the value itself, rather than noLimit.
Passes toolstash -cmp.
Change-Id: I71f8dc294e59f19433feab1c10b6d3c99b7f1e26
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/102601
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
In prove, reuse posets between different functions by storing them
in the per-worker cache.
Allocation count regression caused by prove improvements is down
from 5% to 3% after this CL.
Updates #25179
Change-Id: I6d14003109833d9b3ef5165fdea00aa9c9e952e8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/110455
Run-TryBot: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
Proves IsSliceInBounds one additional time building std+cmd,
at encoding/hex/hex.go:187:8.
The code is:
if numAvail := len(d.in) / 2; len(p) > numAvail {
p = p[:numAvail]
}
Previously we were unable to prove that numAvail >= 0.
Change-Id: Ie74e0aef809f9194c45e129ee3dae60bc3eae02f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/109415
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
The prove pass sometimes has bounds information
that later rewrite passes do not.
Use this information to mark shifts as bounded,
and then use that information to generate better code on amd64.
It may prove to be helpful on other architectures, too.
While here, coalesce the existing shift lowering rules.
This triggers 35 times building std+cmd. The full list is below.
Here's an example from runtime.heapBitsSetType:
if nb < 8 {
b |= uintptr(*p) << nb
p = add1(p)
} else {
nb -= 8
}
We now generate better code on amd64 for that left shift.
Updates #25087
vendor/golang_org/x/crypto/curve25519/mont25519_amd64.go:48:20: Proved Rsh8Ux64 bounded
runtime/mbitmap.go:1252:22: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
runtime/mbitmap.go:1265:16: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
runtime/mbitmap.go:1275:28: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
runtime/mbitmap.go:1645:25: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
runtime/mbitmap.go:1663:25: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
runtime/mbitmap.go:1808:41: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
runtime/mbitmap.go:1831:49: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
syscall/route_bsd.go:227:23: Proved Lsh32x64 bounded
syscall/route_bsd.go:295:23: Proved Lsh32x64 bounded
syscall/route_darwin.go:40:23: Proved Lsh32x64 bounded
compress/bzip2/bzip2.go:384:26: Proved Lsh64x16 bounded
vendor/golang_org/x/net/route/address.go:370:14: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
compress/flate/inflate.go:201:54: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
math/big/prime.go:50:25: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
vendor/golang_org/x/crypto/cryptobyte/asn1.go:464:43: Proved Lsh8x8 bounded
net/ip.go:87:21: Proved Rsh8Ux64 bounded
cmd/internal/goobj/read.go:267:23: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/arch/arm64/arm64asm/decode.go:534:27: Proved Lsh32x32 bounded
cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/arch/arm64/arm64asm/decode.go:544:27: Proved Lsh32x32 bounded
cmd/internal/obj/arm/asm5.go:1044:16: Proved Lsh32x64 bounded
cmd/internal/obj/arm/asm5.go:1065:10: Proved Lsh32x32 bounded
cmd/internal/obj/mips/obj0.go:1311:21: Proved Lsh32x64 bounded
cmd/compile/internal/syntax/scanner.go:352:23: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
go/types/expr.go:222:36: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
crypto/x509/x509.go:1626:9: Proved Rsh8Ux64 bounded
cmd/link/internal/loadelf/ldelf.go:823:22: Proved Lsh8x64 bounded
net/http/h2_bundle.go:1470:17: Proved Lsh8x8 bounded
net/http/h2_bundle.go:1477:46: Proved Lsh8x8 bounded
net/http/h2_bundle.go:1481:31: Proved Lsh64x8 bounded
cmd/compile/internal/ssa/rewriteARM64.go:18759:17: Proved Lsh64x64 bounded
cmd/compile/internal/ssa/sparsemap.go:70:23: Proved Lsh32x64 bounded
cmd/compile/internal/ssa/sparsemap.go:73:45: Proved Lsh32x64 bounded
Change-Id: I58bb72f3e6f12f6ac69be633ea7222c245438142
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/109776
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
When a loop has bound len(s)-delta, findIndVar detected it and
returned len(s) as (conservative) upper bound. This little lie
allowed loopbce to drop bound checks.
It is obviously more generic to teach prove about relations like
x+d<w for non-constant "w"; we already handled the case for
constant "w", so we just want to learn that if d<0, then x+d<w
proves that x<w.
To be able to remove the code from findIndVar, we also need
to teach prove that len() and cap() are always non-negative.
This CL allows to prove 633 more checks in cmd+std. Most
of them are cases where the code was already testing before
accessing a slice but the compiler didn't know it. For instance,
take strings.HasSuffix:
func HasSuffix(s, suffix string) bool {
return len(s) >= len(suffix) && s[len(s)-len(suffix):] == suffix
}
When suffix is a literal string, the compiler now understands
that the explicit check is enough to not emit a slice check.
I also found a loopbce test that was incorrectly
written to detect an overflow but had a off-by-one (on the
conservative side), so it unexpectly passed with this CL; I
changed it to really trigger the overflow as intended.
Change-Id: Ib5abade337db46b8811425afebad4719b6e46c4a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/105635
Run-TryBot: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
To be effective, this also requires being able to relax constraints
on min/max bound inclusiveness; they are now exposed through a flags,
and prove has been updated to handle it correctly.
Change-Id: I3490e54461b7b9de8bc4ae40d3b5e2fa2d9f0556
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/104041
Run-TryBot: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
Reuse findIndVar to discover induction variables, and then
register the facts we know about them into the facts table
when entering the loop block.
Moreover, handle "x+delta > w" while updating the facts table,
to be able to prove accesses to slices with constant offsets
such as slice[i-10].
Change-Id: I2a63d050ed58258136d54712ac7015b25c893d71
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/104038
Run-TryBot: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
When a branch is followed, we apply the relation as described
in the domain relation table. In case the relation is in the
positive domain, we can also infer an unsigned relation if,
by that point, we know that both operands are non-negative.
Fixes#20393
Change-Id: Ieaf0c81558b36d96616abae3eb834c788dd278d5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/100278
Run-TryBot: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
On amd64, Ctz must include special handling of zeros.
But the prove pass has enough information to detect whether the input
is non-zero, allowing a more efficient lowering.
Introduce new CtzNonZero ops to capture and use this information.
Benchmark code:
func BenchmarkVisitBits(b *testing.B) {
b.Run("8", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
x := uint8(0xff)
for x != 0 {
sink = bits.TrailingZeros8(x)
x &= x - 1
}
}
})
// and similarly so for 16, 32, 64
}
name old time/op new time/op delta
VisitBits/8-8 7.27ns ± 4% 5.58ns ± 4% -23.35% (p=0.000 n=28+26)
VisitBits/16-8 14.7ns ± 7% 10.5ns ± 4% -28.43% (p=0.000 n=30+28)
VisitBits/32-8 27.6ns ± 8% 19.3ns ± 3% -30.14% (p=0.000 n=30+26)
VisitBits/64-8 44.0ns ±11% 38.0ns ± 5% -13.48% (p=0.000 n=30+30)
Fixes#25077
Change-Id: Ie6e5bd86baf39ee8a4ca7cadcf56d934e047f957
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/109358
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
The logic in addBranchRestrictions didn't allow to correctly
model OpIs(Slice)Bound for signed domain, and it was also partly
implemented within addRestrictions.
Thanks to the previous changes, it is now possible to handle
the negative conditions correctly, so that we can learn
both signed/LT + unsigned/LT on the positive side, and
signed/GE + unsigned/GE on the negative side (but only if
the index can be proved to be non-negative).
This is able to prove ~50 more slice accesses in std+cmd.
Change-Id: I9858080dc03b16f85993a55983dbc4b00f8491b0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/104037
Run-TryBot: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
addRestrictions was taking a branch parameter, binding its logic
to that of addBranchRestrictions. Since we will need to use it
for updating the facts table for induction variables, refactor it
to remove the branch parameter.
Passes toolstash -cmp.
Change-Id: Iaaec350a8becd1919d03d8574ffd1bbbd906d068
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/104036
Run-TryBot: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
prove used a complex logic when trying to prove branch conditions:
tryPushBranch() was sometimes leaving a checkpoint on the factsTable,
sometimes not, and the caller was supposed to check the return value
to know what to do.
Since we're going to make the prove descend logic a little bit more
complex by adding also induction variables, simplify the tryPushBranch
logic, by removing any factsTable checkpoint handling from it.
Passes toolstash -cmp.
Change-Id: Idfb1703df8a455f612f93158328b36c461560781
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/104035
Run-TryBot: Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
The way Value.AuxInt represents unsigned numbers is currently
documented in genericOps.go, which is not the most obvious place for
it. Move that documentation to Value.AuxInt. Furthermore, to make it
harder to use incorrectly, introduce a Value.AuxUnsigned accessor that
returns the zero-extended value of Value.AuxInt.
Change-Id: I85030c3c68761404058a430e0b1c7464591b2f42
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/102597
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Sometimes, we can end up calling update with a self-relation
about a variable (x REL x). In this case, there is no need
to record anything: the relation is unsatisfiable if and only
if it doesn't contain eq.
This also helps avoiding infinite loop in next CL that will
introduce transitive closure of relations.
Passes toolstash -cmp.
Change-Id: Ic408452ec1c13653f22ada35466ec98bc14aaa8e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/100276
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
When an unsatisfiable relation is recorded in the facts table,
there is no need to compute further relations or updates
additional data structures.
Since we're about to transitively propagate relations, make
sure to fail as fast as possible to avoid doing useless work
in dead branches.
Passes toolstash -cmp.
Change-Id: I23eed376d62776824c33088163c7ac9620abce85
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/100275
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
The previous CL introduced isConstDelta. Use it to simplify the
OpSlicemask optimization in the prove pass. This passes toolstash
-cmp.
Change-Id: If2aa762db4cdc0cd1c581a536340530a9831081b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/87481
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
This adds four new deductions to the prove pass, all related to adding
or subtracting one from a value. This is the first hint of actual
arithmetic relations in the prove pass.
The most effective of these is
x-1 >= w && x > min ⇒ x > w
This helps eliminate bounds checks in code like
if x > 0 {
// do something with s[x-1]
}
Altogether, these deductions prove an additional 260 branches in std
and cmd. Furthermore, they will let us eliminate some tricky
compiler-inserted panics in the runtime that are interfering with
static analysis.
Fixes#23354.
Change-Id: I7088223e0e0cd6ff062a75c127eb4bb60e6dce02
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/87480
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexandru Moșoi <alexandru@mosoi.ro>
This adds a few simple deductions to the prove pass' fact table to
derive unsigned concrete limits from signed concrete limits where
possible.
This tweak lets the pass prove 70 additional branch conditions in std
and cmd.
This is based on a comment from the recently-deleted factsTable.get:
"// TODO: also use signed data if lim.min >= 0".
Change-Id: Ib4340249e7733070f004a0aa31254adf5df8a392
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/87479
Reviewed-by: Alexandru Moșoi <alexandru@mosoi.ro>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Currently the prove pass uses implication queries. For each block, it
collects the set of branch conditions leading to that block, and
queries this fact table for whether any of these facts imply the
block's own branch condition (or its inverse). This works remarkably
well considering it doesn't do any deduction on these facts, but it
has various downsides:
1. It requires an implementation both of adding facts to the table and
determining implications. These are very nearly duals of each
other, but require separate implementations. Likewise, the process
of asserting facts of dominating branch conditions is very nearly
the dual of the process of querying implied branch conditions.
2. It leads to less effective use of derived facts. For example, the
prove pass currently derives facts about the relations between len
and cap, but can't make use of these unless a branch condition is
in the exact form of a derived fact. If one of these derived facts
contradicts another fact, it won't notice or make use of this.
This CL changes the approach of the prove pass to instead use
*contradiction* instead of implication. Rather than ever querying a
branch condition, it simply adds branch conditions to the fact table.
If this leads to a contradiction (specifically, it makes the fact set
unsatisfiable), that branch is impossible and can be cut. As a result,
1. We can eliminate the code for determining implications
(factsTable.get disappears entirely). Also, there is now a single
implementation of visiting and asserting branch conditions, since
we don't have to flip them around to treat them as facts in one
place and queries in another.
2. Derived facts can be used effectively. It doesn't matter *why* the
fact table is unsatisfiable; a contradiction in any of the facts is
enough.
3. As an added benefit, it's now quite easy to avoid traversing beyond
provably-unreachable blocks. In contrast, the current
implementation always visits all blocks.
The prove pass already has nearly all of the mechanism necessary to
compute unsatisfiability, which means this both simplifies the code
and makes it more powerful.
The only complication is that the current implication procedure has a
hack for dealing with the 0 <= Args[0] condition of OpIsInBounds and
OpIsSliceInBounds. We replace this with asserting the appropriate fact
when we process one of these conditions. This seems much cleaner
anyway, and works because we can now take advantage of derived facts.
This has no measurable effect on compiler performance.
Effectiveness:
There is exactly one condition in all of std and cmd that this fails
to prove that the old implementation could: (int64(^uint(0)>>1) < x)
in encoding/gob. This can never be true because x is an int, and it's
basically coincidence that the old code gets this. (For example, it
fails to prove the similar (x < ^int64(^uint(0)>>1)) condition that
immediately precedes it, and even though the conditions are logically
unrelated, it wouldn't get the second one if it hadn't first processed
the first!)
It does, however, prove a few dozen additional branches. These come
from facts that are added to the fact table about the relations
between len and cap. These were almost never queried directly before,
but could lead to contradictions, which the unsat-based approach is
able to use.
There are exactly two branches in std and cmd that this implementation
proves in the *other* direction. This sounds scary, but is okay
because both occur in already-unreachable blocks, so it doesn't matter
what we chose. Because the fact table logic is sound but incomplete,
it fails to prove that the block isn't reachable, even though it is
able to prove that both outgoing branches are impossible. We could
turn these blocks into BlockExit blocks, but it doesn't seem worth the
trouble of the extra proof effort for something that happens twice in
all of std and cmd.
Tests:
This CL updates test/prove.go to change the expected messages because
it can no longer give a "reason" why it proved or disproved a
condition. It also adds a new test of a branch it couldn't prove
before.
It mostly guts test/sliceopt.go, removing everything related to slice
bounds optimizations and moving a few relevant tests to test/prove.go.
Much of this test is actually unreachable. The new prove pass figures
this out and doesn't try to prove anything about the unreachable
parts. The output on the unreachable parts is already suspect because
anything can be proved at that point, so it's really just a regression
test for an algorithm the compiler no longer uses.
This is a step toward fixing #23354. That issue is quite easy to fix
once we can use derived facts effectively.
Change-Id: Ia48a1b9ee081310579fe474e4a61857424ff8ce8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/87478
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
This replaces the open-coded intersection of limits in the prove pass
with a general limit intersection operation. This should get identical
results except in one case where it's more precise: when handling an
equality relation, if the value is *outside* the existing range, this
will reduce the range to empty rather than resetting it. This will be
important to a follow-up CL where we can take advantage of empty
ranges.
For #23354.
Change-Id: I3d3d75924f61b1da1cb604b3a9d189b26fb3a14e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/87477
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexandru Moșoi <alexandru@mosoi.ro>
Suggested by mdempsky in CL 38232.
This allows us to use the Frontend field
to associate frontend state and information
with a function.
See the following CL in the series for examples.
This is a giant CL, but it is almost entirely routine refactoring.
The ssa test API is starting to feel a bit unwieldy.
I will clean it up separately, once the dust has settled.
Passes toolstash -cmp.
Updates #15756
Change-Id: I71c573bd96ff7251935fce1391b06b1f133c3caf
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38327
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
When we discover a relation x <= len(s), also discover the relation
x <= cap(s). That way, in situations like:
a := s[x:] // tests 0 <= x <= len(s)
b := s[:x] // tests 0 <= x <= cap(s)
the second check can be eliminated.
Fixes#16813
Change-Id: Ifc037920b6955e43bac1a1eaf6bac63a89cfbd44
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/33633
Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexandru Moșoi <alexandru@mosoi.ro>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
This is a mostly mechanical rename followed by manual fixes where necessary.
Change-Id: Ie5c670b133db978f15dc03e50dc2da0c80fc8842
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/34137
Reviewed-by: David Lazar <lazard@golang.org>
When we do
var x []byte = ...
y := x[i:]
We can't just use y.ptr = x.ptr + i, as the new pointer may point to the
next object in memory after the backing array.
We used to fix this by doing:
y.cap = x.cap - i
delta := i
if y.cap == 0 {
delta = 0
}
y.ptr = x.ptr + delta
That generates a branch in what is otherwise straight-line code.
Better to do:
y.cap = x.cap - i
mask := (y.cap - 1) >> 63 // -1 if y.cap==0, 0 otherwise
y.ptr = x.ptr + i &^ mask
It's about the same number of instructions (~4, depending on what
parts are constant, and the target architecture), but it is all
inline. It plays nicely with CSE, and the mask can be computed
in parallel with the index (in cases where a multiply is required).
It is a minor win in both speed and space.
Change-Id: Ied60465a0b8abb683c02208402e5bb7ac0e8370f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/32022
Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Adapt old test for prove's bounds check elimination.
Added missing rule to generic rules that lead to differences
between 32 and 64 bit platforms on sliceopt test.
Added debugging to prove.go that was helpful-to-necessary to
discover that missing rule.
Lowered debugging level on prove.go from 3 to 1; no idea
why it was previously 3.
Change-Id: I09de206aeb2fced9f2796efe2bfd4a59927eda0c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/23290
Run-TryBot: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
We compute a lot of stuff based off the CFG: postorder traversal,
dominators, dominator tree, loop nest. Multiple phases use this
information and we end up recomputing some of it. Add a cache
for this information so if the CFG hasn't changed, we can reuse
the previous computation.
Change-Id: I9b5b58af06830bd120afbee9cfab395a0a2f74b2
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/29356
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
This adds a sparse method for locating nearest ancestors
in a dominator tree, and checks blocks with more than one
predecessor for differences and inserts phi functions where
there are.
Uses reversed post order to cut number of passes, running
it from first def to last use ("last use" for paramout and
mem is end-of-program; last use for a phi input from a
backedge is the source of the back edge)
Includes a cutover from old algorithm to new to avoid paying
large constant factor for small programs. This keeps normal
builds running at about the same time, while not running
over-long on large machine-generated inputs.
Add "phase" flags for ssa/build -- ssa/build/stats prints
number of blocks, values (before and after linking references
and inserting phis, so expansion can be measured), and their
product; the product governs the cutover, where a good value
seems to be somewhere between 1 and 5 million.
Among the files compiled by make.bash, this is the shape of
the tail of the distribution for #blocks, #vars, and their
product:
#blocks #vars product
max 6171 28180 173,898,780
99.9% 1641 6548 10,401,878
99% 463 1909 873,721
95% 152 639 95,235
90% 84 359 30,021
The old algorithm is indeed usually fastest, for 99%ile
values of usually.
The fix to LookupVarOutgoing
( https://go-review.googlesource.com/#/c/22790/ )
deals with some of the same problems addressed by this CL,
but on at least one bug ( #15537 ) this change is still
a significant help.
With this CL:
/tmp/gopath$ rm -rf pkg bin
/tmp/gopath$ time go get -v -gcflags -memprofile=y.mprof \
github.com/gogo/protobuf/test/theproto3/combos/...
...
real 4m35.200s
user 13m16.644s
sys 0m36.712s
and pprof reports 3.4GB allocated in one of the larger profiles
With tip:
/tmp/gopath$ rm -rf pkg bin
/tmp/gopath$ time go get -v -gcflags -memprofile=y.mprof \
github.com/gogo/protobuf/test/theproto3/combos/...
...
real 10m36.569s
user 25m52.286s
sys 4m3.696s
and pprof reports 8.3GB allocated in the same larger profile
With this CL, most of the compilation time on the benchmarked
input is spent in register/stack allocation (cumulative 53%)
and in the sparse lookup algorithm itself (cumulative 20%).
Fixes#15537.
Change-Id: Ia0299dda6a291534d8b08e5f9883216ded677a00
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/22342
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric Engestrom <eric@engestrom.ch>
Change-Id: I91873aaebf79bdf1c00d38aacc1a1fb8d79656a7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/21433
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Handle this case:
if 0 <= i && i < len(a) {
use a[i]
}
Shaves about 5k from pkg/tools/linux_amd64/*.
Change-Id: I6675ff49aa306b0d241b074c5738e448204cd981
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/21431
Run-TryBot: Alexandru Moșoi <alexandru@mosoi.ro>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Find comparisons to constants and propagate that information
down the dominator tree. Use it to resolve other constant
comparisons on the same variable.
So if we know x >= 7, then a x > 4 condition must return true.
This change allows us to use "_ = b[7]" hints to eliminate bounds checks.
Fixes#14900
Change-Id: Idbf230bd5b7da43de3ecb48706e21cf01bf812f7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/21008
Reviewed-by: Alexandru Moșoi <alexandru@mosoi.ro>
