Currently, we mark a whole span as sysUsed before trimming, but this
unnecessarily tells the OS that the trimmed section from the span is
used when it may have been scavenged, if s was scavenged. Overall,
this just makes invocations of sysUsed a little more fine-grained.
It does come with the caveat that now heap_released needs to be managed
a little more carefully in allocSpanLocked. In this case, we choose to
(like before this change) negate any effect the span has on
heap_released before trimming, then add it back if the trimmed part is
scavengable.
For #14045.
Change-Id: Ifa384d989611398bfad3ca39d3bb595a5962a3ea
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/140198
Run-TryBot: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
This change removes npreleased from mspan since spans may now either be
scavenged or not scavenged; how many of its pages were actually scavenged
doesn't matter. It saves some space in mpsan overhead too, as the boolean
fits into what would otherwise be struct padding.
For #14045.
Change-Id: I63f25a4d98658f5fe21c6a466fc38c59bfc5d0f5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/139737
Run-TryBot: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
This change adds a new treap to mheap which contains scavenged (i.e.
its physical pages were returned to the OS) spans.
As of this change, spans may no longer be partially scavenged.
For #14045.
Change-Id: I0d428a255c6d3f710b9214b378f841b997df0993
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/139298
Run-TryBot: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Currently, span scavenging was done nearly identically in two different
locations. This change deduplicates that into one shared routine.
For #14045.
Change-Id: I15006b2c9af0e70b7a9eae9abb4168d3adca3860
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/139297
Run-TryBot: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
freeSpan currently takes a mysterious "acct int32" argument. This is
really just a boolean and actually just needs to match the "large"
argument to alloc in order to balance out accounting.
To make this clearer, replace acct with a "large bool" argument that
must match the call to mheap.alloc.
Change-Id: Ibc81faefdf9f0583114e1953fcfb362e9c3c76de
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/138655
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
The alloc_m documentation refers to concepts that don't exist (and
maybe never did?). alloc_m is also not the API entry point to span
allocation.
Hence, rewrite the documentation for alloc and alloc_m. While we're
here, document why alloc_m must run on the system stack and replace
alloc_m's hand-implemented system stack check with a go:systemstack
annotation.
Change-Id: I30e263d8e53c2774a6614e1b44df5464838cef09
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/139459
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Rework how the compiler+runtime handles stack-allocated variables
whose address is taken.
Direct references to such variables work as before. References through
pointers, however, use a new mechanism. The new mechanism is more
precise than the old "ambiguously live" mechanism. It computes liveness
at runtime based on the actual references among objects on the stack.
Each function records all of its address-taken objects in a FUNCDATA.
These are called "stack objects". The runtime then uses that
information while scanning a stack to find all of the stack objects on
a stack. It then does a mark phase on the stack objects, using all the
pointers found on the stack (and ancillary structures, like defer
records) as the root set. Only stack objects which are found to be
live during this mark phase will be scanned and thus retain any heap
objects they point to.
A subsequent CL will remove all the "ambiguously live" logic from
the compiler, so that the stack object tracing will be required.
For this CL, the stack tracing is all redundant with the current
ambiguously live logic.
Update #22350
Change-Id: Ide19f1f71a5b6ec8c4d54f8f66f0e9a98344772f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/134155
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Currently, all mcaches are flushed during STW mark termination as a
root marking job. This is currently necessary because all spans must
be out of these caches before sweeping begins to avoid races with
allocation and to ensure the spans are in the state expected by
sweeping. We do it as a root marking job because mcache flushing is
somewhat expensive and O(GOMAXPROCS) and this parallelizes the work
across the Ps. However, it's also the last remaining root marking job
performed during mark termination.
This CL moves mcache flushing out of mark termination and performs it
lazily. We keep track of the last sweepgen at which each mcache was
flushed and as each P is woken from STW, it observes that its mcache
is out-of-date and flushes it.
The introduces a complication for spans cached in stale mcaches. These
may now be observed by background or proportional sweeping or when
attempting to add a finalizer, but aren't in a stable state. For
example, they are likely to be on the wrong mcentral list. To fix
this, this CL extends the sweepgen protocol to also capture whether a
span is cached and, if so, whether or not its cache is stale. This
protocol blocks asynchronous sweeping from touching cached spans and
makes it the responsibility of mcache flushing to sweep the flushed
spans.
This eliminates the last mark termination root marking job, which
means we can now eliminate that entire infrastructure.
Updates #26903. This implements lazy mcache flushing.
Change-Id: Iadda7aabe540b2026cffc5195da7be37d5b4125e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/134783
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Now that there is no mark 2 phase, gcBlackenPromptly is no longer
used.
Updates #26903. This is a follow-up to eliminating mark 2.
Change-Id: Ib9c534f21b36b8416fcf3cab667f186167b827f8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/134319
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
We already aliased mSpanInUse to _MSpanInUse. The dual constants are
getting annoying, so fix all of these to use the mSpan* naming
convention.
This was done automatically with:
sed -i -re 's/_?MSpan(Dead|InUse|Manual|Free)/mSpan\1/g' *.go
plus deleting the existing definition of mSpanInUse.
Change-Id: I09979d9d491d06c10689cea625dc57faa9cc6767
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/137875
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
sys here is runtime/internal/sys.
Replace uses of sys.CacheLineSize for padding by
cpu.CacheLinePad or cpu.CacheLinePadSize.
Replace other uses of sys.CacheLineSize by cpu.CacheLineSize.
Remove now unused sys.CacheLineSize.
Updates #25203
Change-Id: I1daf410fe8f6c0493471c2ceccb9ca0a5a75ed8f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/126601
Run-TryBot: Martin Möhrmann <moehrmann@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Currently, the heap arena map is a single, large array that covers
every possible arena frame in the entire address space. This is
practical up to about 48 bits of address space with 64 MB arenas.
However, there are two problems with this:
1. mips64, ppc64, and s390x support full 64-bit address spaces (though
on Linux only s390x has kernel support for 64-bit address spaces).
On these platforms, it would be good to support these larger
address spaces.
2. On Windows, processes are charged for untouched memory, so for
processes with small heaps, the mostly-untouched 32 MB arena map
plus a 64 MB arena are significant overhead. Hence, it would be
good to reduce both the arena map size and the arena size, but with
a single-level arena, these are inversely proportional.
This CL adds support for a two-level arena map. Arena frame numbers
are now divided into arenaL1Bits of L1 index and arenaL2Bits of L2
index.
At the moment, arenaL1Bits is always 0, so we effectively have a
single level map. We do a few things so that this has no cost beyond
the current single-level map:
1. We embed the L2 array directly in mheap, so if there's a single
entry in the L2 array, the representation is identical to the
current representation and there's no extra level of indirection.
2. Hot code that accesses the arena map is structured so that it
optimizes to nearly the same machine code as it does currently.
3. We make some small tweaks to hot code paths and to the inliner
itself to keep some important functions inlined despite their
now-larger ASTs. In particular, this is necessary for
heapBitsForAddr and heapBits.next.
Possibly as a result of some of the tweaks, this actually slightly
improves the performance of the x/benchmarks garbage benchmark:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Garbage/benchmem-MB=64-12 2.28ms ± 1% 2.26ms ± 1% -1.07% (p=0.000 n=17+19)
(https://perf.golang.org/search?q=upload:20180223.2)
For #23900.
Change-Id: If5164e0961754f97eb9eca58f837f36d759505ff
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/96779
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
There are too many places where I want to talk about "indexing into
the arena index". Make this less awkward and ambiguous by calling it
the "arena map" instead.
Change-Id: I726b0667bb2139dbc006175a0ec09a871cdf73f9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/96777
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Now that we support the full non-contiguous virtual address space of
amd64 hardware, some of the comments and constants related to this are
out of date.
This renames memLimitBits to heapAddrBits because 1<<memLimitBits is
no longer the limit of the address space and rewrites the comment to
focus first on hardware limits (which span OSes) and then discuss
kernel limits.
Second, this eliminates the memLimit constant because there's no
longer a meaningful "highest possible heap pointer value" on amd64.
Updates #23862.
Change-Id: I44b32033d2deb6b69248fb8dda14fc0e65c47f11
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/95498
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
On amd64, the virtual address space, when interpreted as signed
values, is [-2^47, 2^47). Currently, we only support heap addresses in
the "positive" half of this, [0, 2^47). This suffices for linux/amd64
and windows/amd64, but solaris/amd64 can map user addresses in the
negative part of this range. Specifically, addresses
0xFFFF8000'00000000 to 0xFFFFFD80'00000000 are part of user space.
This leads to "memory allocated by OS not in usable address space"
panic, since we don't map heap arena index space for these addresses.
Fix this by offsetting addresses when computing arena indexes so that
arena entry 0 corresponds to address -2^47 on amd64. We already map
enough arena space for 2^48 heap addresses on 64-bit (because arm64's
virtual address space is [0, 2^48)), so we don't need to grow any
structures to support this.
A different approach would be to simply mask out the top 16 bits.
However, there are two advantages to the offset approach: 1) invalid
heap addresses continue to naturally map to invalid arena indexes so
we don't need extra checks and 2) it perturbs the mapping of addresses
to arena indexes more, which helps check that we don't accidentally
compute incorrect arena indexes somewhere that happen to be right most
of the time.
Several comments and constant names are now somewhat misleading. We'll
fix that in the next CL. This CL is the core change the arena
indexing.
Fixes#23862.
Change-Id: Idb8e299fded04593a286b01a9582da6ddbac2f9a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/95497
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Accessing the arena index is about to get slightly more complicated.
Abstract this away into a set of functions for going back and forth
between addresses and arena slice indexes.
For #23862.
Change-Id: I0b20e74ef47a07b78ed0cf0a6128afe6f6e40f4b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/95496
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently large sysReserve calls on some OSes don't actually reserve
the memory, but just check that it can be reserved. This was important
when we called sysReserve to "reserve" many gigabytes for the heap up
front, but now that we map memory in small increments as we need it,
this complication is no longer necessary.
This has one curious side benefit: currently, on Linux, allocations
that are large enough to be rejected by mmap wind up freezing the
application for a long time before it panics. This happens because
sysReserve doesn't reserve the memory, so sysMap calls mmap_fixed,
which calls mmap, which fails because the mapping is too large.
However, mmap_fixed doesn't inspect *why* mmap fails, so it falls back
to probing every page in the desired region individually with mincore
before performing an (otherwise dangerous) MAP_FIXED mapping, which
will also fail. This takes a long time for a large region. Now this
logic is gone, so the mmap failure leads to an immediate panic.
Updates #10460.
Change-Id: I8efe88c611871cdb14f99fadd09db83e0161ca2e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/85888
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
This replaces the contiguous heap arena mapping with a potentially
sparse mapping that can support heap mappings anywhere in the address
space.
This has several advantages over the current approach:
* There is no longer any limit on the size of the Go heap. (Currently
it's limited to 512GB.) Hence, this fixes#10460.
* It eliminates many failures modes of heap initialization and
growing. In particular it eliminates any possibility of panicking
with an address space conflict. This can happen for many reasons and
even causes a low but steady rate of TSAN test failures because of
conflicts with the TSAN runtime. See #16936 and #11993.
* It eliminates the notion of "non-reserved" heap, which was added
because creating huge address space reservations (particularly on
64-bit) led to huge process VSIZE. This was at best confusing and at
worst conflicted badly with ulimit -v. However, the non-reserved
heap logic is complicated, can race with other mappings in non-pure
Go binaries (e.g., #18976), and requires that the entire heap be
either reserved or non-reserved. We currently maintain the latter
property, but it's quite difficult to convince yourself of that, and
hence difficult to keep correct. This logic is still present, but
will be removed in the next CL.
* It fixes problems on 32-bit where skipping over parts of the address
space leads to mapping huge (and never-to-be-used) metadata
structures. See #19831.
This also completely rewrites and significantly simplifies
mheap.sysAlloc, which has been a source of many bugs. E.g., #21044,
#20259, #18651, and #13143 (and maybe #23222).
This change also makes it possible to allocate individual objects
larger than 512GB. As a result, a few tests that expected huge
allocations to fail needed to be changed to make even larger
allocations. However, at the moment attempting to allocate a humongous
object may cause the program to freeze for several minutes on Linux as
we fall back to probing every page with addrspace_free. That logic
(and this failure mode) will be removed in the next CL.
Fixes#10460.
Fixes#22204 (since it rewrites the code involved).
This slightly slows down compilebench and the x/benchmarks garbage
benchmark.
name old time/op new time/op delta
Template 184ms ± 1% 185ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.065 n=10+9)
Unicode 86.9ms ± 3% 86.3ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.631 n=10+10)
GoTypes 599ms ± 0% 602ms ± 0% +0.56% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
Compiler 2.87s ± 1% 2.89s ± 1% +0.51% (p=0.002 n=9+10)
SSA 7.29s ± 1% 7.25s ± 1% ~ (p=0.182 n=10+9)
Flate 118ms ± 2% 118ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.113 n=9+9)
GoParser 147ms ± 1% 148ms ± 1% +1.07% (p=0.003 n=9+10)
Reflect 401ms ± 1% 404ms ± 1% +0.71% (p=0.003 n=10+9)
Tar 175ms ± 1% 175ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.604 n=9+10)
XML 209ms ± 1% 210ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.052 n=10+10)
(https://perf.golang.org/search?q=upload:20171231.4)
name old time/op new time/op delta
Garbage/benchmem-MB=64-12 2.23ms ± 1% 2.25ms ± 1% +0.84% (p=0.000 n=19+19)
(https://perf.golang.org/search?q=upload:20171231.3)
Relative to the start of the sparse heap changes (starting at and
including "runtime: fix various contiguous bitmap assumptions"),
overall slowdown is roughly 1% on GC-intensive benchmarks:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Template 183ms ± 1% 185ms ± 1% +1.32% (p=0.000 n=9+9)
Unicode 84.9ms ± 2% 86.3ms ± 1% +1.65% (p=0.000 n=9+10)
GoTypes 595ms ± 1% 602ms ± 0% +1.19% (p=0.000 n=9+9)
Compiler 2.86s ± 0% 2.89s ± 1% +0.91% (p=0.000 n=9+10)
SSA 7.19s ± 0% 7.25s ± 1% +0.75% (p=0.000 n=8+9)
Flate 117ms ± 1% 118ms ± 1% +1.10% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
GoParser 146ms ± 2% 148ms ± 1% +1.48% (p=0.002 n=10+10)
Reflect 398ms ± 1% 404ms ± 1% +1.51% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
Tar 173ms ± 1% 175ms ± 1% +1.17% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
XML 208ms ± 1% 210ms ± 1% +0.62% (p=0.011 n=10+10)
[Geo mean] 369ms 373ms +1.17%
(https://perf.golang.org/search?q=upload:20180101.2)
name old time/op new time/op delta
Garbage/benchmem-MB=64-12 2.22ms ± 1% 2.25ms ± 1% +1.51% (p=0.000 n=20+19)
(https://perf.golang.org/search?q=upload:20180101.3)
Change-Id: I5daf4cfec24b252e5a57001f0a6c03f22479d0f0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/85887
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
This abstracts the remaining direct accesses to mheap.spans into new
mheap.setSpan and mheap.setSpans methods.
For #10460.
Change-Id: Id1db8bc5e34a77a9221032aa2e62d05322707364
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/85884
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
This splits the heap bitmap into separate chunks for every 64MB of the
heap and introduces an index mapping from virtual address to metadata.
It modifies the heapBits abstraction to use this two-level structure.
Finally, it modifies heapBitsSetType to unroll the bitmap into the
object itself and then copy it out if the bitmap would span
discontiguous bitmap chunks.
This is a step toward supporting general sparse heaps, which will
eliminate address space conflict failures as well as the limit on the
heap size.
It's also advantageous for 32-bit. 32-bit already supports
discontiguous heaps by always starting the arena at address 0.
However, as a result, with a contiguous bitmap, if the kernel chooses
a high address (near 2GB) for a heap mapping, the runtime is forced to
map up to 128MB of heap bitmap. Now the runtime can map sections of
the bitmap for just the parts of the address space used by the heap.
Updates #10460.
This slightly slows down the x/garbage and compilebench benchmarks.
However, I think the slowdown is acceptably small.
name old time/op new time/op delta
Template 178ms ± 1% 180ms ± 1% +0.78% (p=0.029 n=10+10)
Unicode 85.7ms ± 2% 86.5ms ± 2% ~ (p=0.089 n=10+10)
GoTypes 594ms ± 0% 599ms ± 1% +0.70% (p=0.000 n=9+9)
Compiler 2.86s ± 0% 2.87s ± 0% +0.40% (p=0.001 n=9+9)
SSA 7.23s ± 2% 7.29s ± 2% +0.94% (p=0.029 n=10+10)
Flate 116ms ± 1% 117ms ± 1% +0.99% (p=0.000 n=9+9)
GoParser 146ms ± 1% 146ms ± 0% ~ (p=0.193 n=10+7)
Reflect 399ms ± 0% 403ms ± 1% +0.89% (p=0.001 n=10+10)
Tar 173ms ± 1% 174ms ± 1% +0.91% (p=0.013 n=10+9)
XML 208ms ± 1% 210ms ± 1% +0.93% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
[Geo mean] 368ms 371ms +0.79%
name old time/op new time/op delta
Garbage/benchmem-MB=64-12 2.17ms ± 1% 2.21ms ± 1% +2.15% (p=0.000 n=20+20)
Change-Id: I037fd283221976f4f61249119d6b97b100bcbc66
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/85883
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently the heap bitamp is laid in reverse order in memory relative
to the heap itself. This was originally done out of "excessive
cleverness" so that computing a bitmap pointer could load only the
arena_start field and so that heaps could be more contiguous by
growing the arena and the bitmap out from a common center point.
However, this appears to have no actual performance benefit, it
complicates nearly every use of the bitmap, and it makes already
confusing code more confusing. Furthermore, it's still possible to use
a single field (the new bitmap_delta) for the bitmap pointer
computation by employing slightly different excessive cleverness.
Hence, this CL puts the bitmap into forward order.
This is a (very) updated version of CL 9404.
Change-Id: I743587cc626c4ecd81e660658bad85b54584108c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/85881
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
The logic in the spanOf* functions is open-coded in a lot of places
right now. Replace these with calls to the spanOf* functions.
Change-Id: I3cc996aceb9a529b60fea7ec6fef22008c012978
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/85880
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
I think we'd forgotten about the mheap.lookup APIs when we introduced
spanOf*, but, at any rate, the spanOf* functions are used far more
widely at this point, so this CL eliminates the mheap.lookup*
functions in favor of spanOf*.
Change-Id: I15facd0856e238bb75d990e838a092b5bef5bdfc
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/85879
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
heapBitsForObject does two things: it finds the base of the object and
it creates the heapBits for the base of the object. There are several
places where we just care about the base of the object. Furthermore,
greyobject only needs the heapBits in the checkmark path and can
easily compute them only when needed. Once we eliminate passing the
heap bits to grayobject, almost all uses of heapBitsForObject don't
need the heap bits.
Hence, this splits heapBitsForObject into findObject and
heapBitsForAddr (the latter already exists), removes the hbits
argument to grayobject, and replaces all heapBitsForObject calls with
calls to findObject.
In addition to making things cleaner overall, heapBitsForAddr is going
to get more expensive shortly, so it's important that we don't do it
needlessly.
Note that there's an interesting performance pitfall here. I had
originally moved findObject to mheap.go, since it made more sense
there. However, that leads to a ~2% slow down and a whopping 11%
increase in L1 icache misses on both the x/garbage and compilebench
benchmarks. This suggests we may want to be more principled about
this, but, for now, let's just leave findObject in mbitmap.go.
(I tried to make findObject small enough to inline by splitting out
the error case, but, sadly, wasn't quite able to get it under the
inlining budget.)
Change-Id: I7bcb92f383ade565d22a9f2494e4c66fd513fb10
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/85878
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
These functions all serve essentially the same purpose. mlookup is
used in only one place and findObject in only three. Use
heapBitsForObject instead, which is the most optimized implementation.
(This may seem slightly silly because none of these uses care about
the heap bits, but we're about to split up the functionality of
heapBitsForObject anyway. At that point, findObject will rise from the
ashes.)
Change-Id: I906468c972be095dd23cf2404a7d4434e802f250
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/85877
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
recordspan has two remaining write barriers from writing to the
pointer to the backing store of h.allspans. However, h.allspans is
always backed by off-heap memory, so let the compiler know this.
Unfortunately, this isn't quite as clean as most go:notinheap uses
because we can't directly name the backing store of a slice, but we
can get it done with some judicious casting.
For #22460.
Change-Id: I296f92fa41cf2cb6ae572b35749af23967533877
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/73414
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
The core dump reader wants to know the layout of this type.
No variable has this type, so it wasn't previously dumped
to DWARF output.
Change-Id: I982040b81bff202976743edc7fe53247533a9d81
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/68312
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Found with mvdan.cc/unindent. Prioritized the ones with the biggest wins
for now.
Change-Id: I2b032e45cdd559fc9ed5b1ee4c4de42c4c92e07b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/56470
Run-TryBot: Daniel Martí <mvdan@mvdan.cc>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
We use lock-free reads from mheap.spans, but the safety of these is
somewhat subtle. Document this.
Change-Id: I928c893232176135308e38bed788d5f84ff11533
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/54310
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
We lazily map the bitmap and spans areas as the heap grows. However,
right now we're very slightly too lazy. Specifically, the following
can happen on 32-bit:
1. mallocinit fails to allocate any heap arena, so
arena_used == arena_alloc == arena_end == bitmap.
2. There's less than 256MB between the end of the bitmap mapping and
the next mapping.
3. On the first allocation, mheap.sysAlloc sees that there's not
enough room in [arena_alloc, arena_end) because there's no room at
all. It gets a 256MB mapping from somewhere *lower* in the address
space than arena_used and sets arena_alloc and arena_end to this
hole.
4. Since the new arena_alloc is lower than arena_used, mheap.sysAlloc
doesn't bother to call mheap.setArenaUsed, so we still don't have a
bitmap mapping or a spans array mapping.
5. mheap.grow, which called mheap.sysAlloc, attempts to fill in the
spans array and crashes.
Fix this by mapping the metadata regions for the initial arena_used
when the heap is initialized, rather than trying to wait for an
allocation. This maintains the intended invariant that the structures
are always mapped for [arena_start, arena_used).
Fixes#21044.
Change-Id: I4422375a6e234b9f979d22135fc63ae3395946b0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/51714
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
mheap.allocLarge just calls bestFitTreap and is the only caller of
bestFitTreap. Flatten these into a single function. Also fix their
comments: allocLarge claims to return exactly npages but can in fact
return a larger span, and h.freelarge is not in fact indexed by span
start address.
Change-Id: Ia20112bdc46643a501ea82ea77c58596bc96f125
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/47315
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently, the heap arena allocator allocates monotonically increasing
addresses. This is fine on 64-bit where we stake out a giant block of
the address space for ourselves and start at the beginning of it, but
on 32-bit the arena starts at address 0 but we start allocating from
wherever the OS feels like giving us memory. We can generally hint the
OS to start us at a low address, but this doesn't always work.
As a result, on 32-bit, if the OS gives us an arena block that's lower
than the current block we're allocating from, we simply say "thanks
but no thanks", return the whole (256MB!) block of memory, and then
take a fallback path that mmaps just the amount of memory we need
(which may be as little as 8K).
We have to do this because mheap_.arena_used is *both* the highest
used address in the arena and the next address we allocate from.
Fix all of this by separating the second role of arena_used out into a
new field called arena_alloc. This lets us accept any arena block the
OS gives us. This also slightly changes the invariants around
arena_end. Previously, we ensured arena_used <= arena_end, but this
was related to arena_used's second role, so the new invariant is
arena_alloc <= arena_end. As a result, we no longer necessarily update
arena_end when we're updating arena_used.
Fixes#20259 properly. (Unlike the original fix, this one should not
be cherry-picked to Go 1.8.)
This is reasonably low risk. I verified several key properties of the
32-bit code path with both 4K and 64K physical pages using a symbolic
model and the change does not materially affect 64-bit (arena_used ==
arena_alloc on 64-bit). The only oddity is that we no longer call
setArenaUsed with racemap == false to indicate that we're creating a
hole in the address space, but this only happened in a 32-bit-only
code path, and the race detector require 64-bit, so this never
mattered anyway.
Change-Id: Ib1334007933e615166bac4159bf357ae06ec6a25
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/44010
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently _TinySizeClass is untyped, which means it can accidentally
be used as a spanClass (not that I would know this from experience or
anything). Make it an int8 to avoid this mix up.
This is a cherry-pick of dev.garbage commit 81b74bf9c5.
Change-Id: I1e69eccee436ea5aa45e9a9828a013e369e03f1a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/41254
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently, we mix objects with pointers and objects without pointers
("noscan" objects) together in memory. As a result, for every object
we grey, we have to check that object's heap bits to find out if it's
noscan, which adds to the per-object cost of GC. This also hurts the
TLB footprint of the garbage collector because it decreases the
density of scannable objects at the page level.
This commit improves the situation by using separate spans for noscan
objects. This will allow a much simpler noscan check (in a follow up
CL), eliminate the need to clear the bitmap of noscan objects (in a
follow up CL), and improves TLB footprint by increasing the density of
scannable objects.
This is also a step toward eliminating dead bits, since the current
noscan check depends on checking the dead bit of the first word.
This has no effect on the heap size of the garbage benchmark.
We'll measure the performance change of this after the follow-up
optimizations.
This is a cherry-pick from dev.garbage commit d491e550c3. The only
non-trivial merge conflict was in updatememstats in mstats.go, where
we now have to separate the per-spanclass stats from the per-sizeclass
stats.
Change-Id: I13bdc4869538ece5649a8d2a41c6605371618e40
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/41251
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
This may improve perormance during concurrent access
to mheap.central array from multiple CPU cores.
Change-Id: I8f48dd2e72aa62e9c32de07ae60fe552d8642782
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/41550
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
This changes gcSetTriggerRatio so it can be called even during
concurrent mark or sweep. In this case, it will adjust the pacing of
the current phase, accounting for progress that has already been made.
To make this work for concurrent sweep, this introduces a "basis" for
the pagesSwept count, much like the basis we just introduced for
heap_live. This lets gcSetTriggerRatio shift the basis to the current
heap_live and pagesSwept and compute a slope from there to completion.
This avoids creating a discontinuity where, if the ratio has
increased, there has to be a flurry of sweep activity to catch up.
Instead, this creates a continuous, piece-wise linear function as
adjustments are made.
For #19076.
Change-Id: Ibcd76aeeb81ff4814b00be7cbd3530b73bbdbba9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/39833
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently, proportional sweep maintains its own count of how many
bytes have been allocated since the beginning of the sweep cycle so it
can compute how many pages need to be swept for a given allocation.
However, this requires a somewhat complex reimbursement scheme since
proportional sweep must be done before a span is allocated, but we
don't know how many bytes to charge until we've allocated a span. This
means that the allocated byte count used by proportional sweep can go
up and down, which has led to underflow bugs in the past (#18043) and
is going to interfere with adjusting sweep pacing on-the-fly (for #19076).
This approach also means we're maintaining a statistic that is very
closely related to heap_live, but has a different 0 value. This is
particularly confusing because the sweep ratio is computed based on
heap_live, so you have to understand that these two statistics are
very closely related.
Replace all of this and compute the sweep debt directly from the
current value of heap_live. To make this work, we simply save the
value of heap_live when the sweep ratio is computed to use as a
"basis" for later computing the sweep debt.
This eliminates the need for reimbursement as well as the code for
maintaining the sweeper's version of the live heap size.
For #19076.
Coincidentally fixes#18043, since this eliminates sweep reimbursement
entirely.
Change-Id: I1f931ddd6e90c901a3972c7506874c899251dc2a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/39832
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently, each individual span sweep emits a span to the trace. But
sweeps are generally done in loops until some condition is satisfied,
so this tracing is lower-level than anyone really wants any hides the
fact that no other work is being accomplished between adjacent sweep
events. This is also high overhead: enabling tracing significantly
impacts sweep latency.
Replace this with instead tracing around the sweep loops used for
allocation. This is slightly tricky because sweep loops don't
generally know if any sweeping will happen in them. Hence, we make the
tracing lazy by recording in the P that we would like to start tracing
the sweep *if* one happens, and then only closing the sweep event if
we started it.
This does mean we don't get tracing on every sweep path, which are
legion. However, we get much more informative tracing on the paths
that block allocation, which are the paths that matter.
Change-Id: I73e14fbb250acb0c9d92e3648bddaa5e7d7e271c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/40810
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Hyang-Ah Hana Kim <hyangah@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
This extends the sweeper to free workbufs back to the heap between GC
cycles, allowing this memory to be reused for GC'd allocations or
eventually returned to the OS.
This helps for applications that have high peak heap usage relative to
their regular heap usage (for example, a high-memory initialization
phase). Workbuf memory is roughly proportional to heap size and since
we currently never free workbufs, it's proportional to *peak* heap
size. By freeing workbufs, we can release and reuse this memory for
other purposes when the heap shrinks.
This is somewhat complicated because this costs ~1–2 µs per workbuf
span, so for large heaps it's too expensive to just do synchronously
after mark termination between starting the world and dropping the
worldsema. Hence, we do it asynchronously in the sweeper. This adds a
list of "free" workbuf spans that can be returned to the heap. GC
moves all workbuf spans to this list after mark termination and the
background sweeper drains this list back to the heap. If the sweeper
doesn't finish, that's fine, since getempty can directly reuse any
remaining spans to allocate more workbufs.
Performance impact is negligible. On the x/benchmarks, this reduces
GC-bytes-from-system by 6–11%.
Fixes#19325.
Change-Id: Icb92da2196f0c39ee984faf92d52f29fd9ded7a8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38582
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
This introduces a new type, *gcBits, to use for alloc/mark bitmap
allocations instead of *uint8. This type is marked go:notinheap, so
uses of it correctly eliminate write barriers. Since we now have a
type, this also extracts some common operations to methods both for
convenience and to avoid (*uint8) casts at most use sites.
For #19325.
Change-Id: Id51f734fb2e96b8b7715caa348c8dcd4aef0696a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38580
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
This clarifies that the gcBits type is actually an arena of gcBits and
will let us introduce a new gcBits type representing a single
mark/alloc bitmap allocated from the arena.
For #19325.
Change-Id: Idedf76d202d9174a17c61bcca9d5539e042e2445
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38579
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently, manually-managed spans are included in memstats.heap_inuse
and memstats.heap_sys, but when we export these stats to the user, we
subtract out how much has been allocated for stack spans from both.
This works for now because stacks are the only manually-managed spans
we have.
However, we're about to use manually-managed spans for more things
that don't necessarily have obvious stats we can use to adjust the
user-presented numbers. Prepare for this by changing the accounting so
manually-managed spans don't count toward heap_inuse or heap_sys. This
makes these fields align with the fields presented to the user and
means we don't have to track more statistics just so we can adjust
these statistics.
For #19325.
Change-Id: I5cb35527fd65587ff23339276ba2c3969e2ad98f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38577
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
We're going to start using manually-managed spans for GC workbufs, so
rename the allocate/free methods and pass in a pointer to the stats to
use instead of using the stack stats directly.
For #19325.
Change-Id: I37df0147ae5a8e1f3cb37d59c8e57a1fcc6f2980
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38576
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
We're going to use this free list for other types of manually-managed
memory in the heap.
For #19325.
Change-Id: Ib7e682295133eabfddf3a84f44db43d937bfdd9c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38575
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
