pycryptodome/lib/Crypto/Protocol/KDF.py

#
#  KDF.py : a collection of Key Derivation Functions
#
# Part of the Python Cryptography Toolkit
#
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# the extent that dedication to the public domain is not available,
# everyone is granted a worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free,
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import struct

from Crypto.Util.py3compat import tobytes, bord, _copy_bytes

from Crypto.Hash import SHA1, SHA256, HMAC, CMAC
from Crypto.Util.strxor import strxor
from Crypto.Util.number import size as bit_size, long_to_bytes, bytes_to_long

from Crypto.Util._raw_api import (load_pycryptodome_raw_lib,
                                  create_string_buffer,
                                  get_raw_buffer, c_size_t)

_raw_salsa20_lib = load_pycryptodome_raw_lib("Crypto.Cipher._Salsa20",
                    """
                    int Salsa20_8_core(const uint8_t *x, const uint8_t *y,
                                       uint8_t *out);
                    """)

_raw_scrypt_lib = load_pycryptodome_raw_lib("Crypto.Protocol._scrypt",
                    """
                    typedef int (core_t)(const uint8_t [64], const uint8_t [64], uint8_t [64]);
                    int scryptROMix(const uint8_t *data_in, uint8_t *data_out,
                           size_t data_len, unsigned N, core_t *core);
                    """)


def PBKDF1(password, salt, dkLen, count=1000, hashAlgo=None):
    """Derive one key from a password (or passphrase).

    This function performs key derivation according to an old version of
    the PKCS#5 standard (v1.5) or `RFC2898
    <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2898.txt>`_.

    .. warning::
        Newer applications should use the more secure and versatile :func:`PBKDF2`
        instead.

    Args:
     password (string):
        The secret password to generate the key from.
     salt (byte string):
        An 8 byte string to use for better protection from dictionary attacks.
        This value does not need to be kept secret, but it should be randomly
        chosen for each derivation.
     dkLen (integer):
        The length of the desired key. The default is 16 bytes, suitable for
        instance for :mod:`Crypto.Cipher.AES`.
     count (integer):
        The number of iterations to carry out. The recommendation is 1000 or
        more.
     hashAlgo (module):
        The hash algorithm to use, as a module or an object from the :mod:`Crypto.Hash` package.
        The digest length must be no shorter than ``dkLen``.
        The default algorithm is :mod:`Crypto.Hash.SHA1`.

    Return:
        A byte string of length ``dkLen`` that can be used as key.
    """

    if not hashAlgo:
        hashAlgo = SHA1
    password = tobytes(password)
    pHash = hashAlgo.new(password+salt)
    digest = pHash.digest_size
    if dkLen > digest:
        raise TypeError("Selected hash algorithm has a too short digest (%d bytes)." % digest)
    if len(salt) != 8:
        raise ValueError("Salt is not 8 bytes long (%d bytes instead)." % len(salt))
    for i in xrange(count-1):
        pHash = pHash.new(pHash.digest())
    return pHash.digest()[:dkLen]


def PBKDF2(password, salt, dkLen=16, count=1000, prf=None, hmac_hash_module=None):
    """Derive one or more keys from a password (or passphrase).

    This function performs key derivation according to
    the PKCS#5 standard (v2.0).

    Args:
     password (string or byte string):
        The secret password to generate the key from.
     salt (string or byte string):
        A (byte) string to use for better protection from dictionary attacks.
        This value does not need to be kept secret, but it should be randomly
        chosen for each derivation. It is recommended to be at least 8 bytes long.
     dkLen (integer):
        The cumulative length of the desired keys.
     count (integer):
        The number of iterations to carry out.
     prf (callable):
        A pseudorandom function. It must be a function that returns a pseudorandom string
        from two parameters: a secret and a salt. If not specified,
        **HMAC-SHA1** is used.
     hmac_hash_module (module):
        A module from `Crypto.Hash` implementing a Merkle-Damgard cryptographic
        hash, which PBKDF2 must use in combination with HMAC.
        This parameter is mutually exclusive with ``prf``.

    Return:
        A byte string of length ``dkLen`` that can be used as key material.
        If you wanted multiple keys, just break up this string into segments of the desired length.
    """

    password = tobytes(password)
    salt = tobytes(salt)

    if prf and hmac_hash_module:
        raise ValueError("'prf' and 'hmac_hash_module' are mutually exlusive")

    if prf is None and hmac_hash_module is None:
        hmac_hash_module = SHA1

    if prf or not hasattr(hmac_hash_module, "_pbkdf2_hmac_assist"):
        # Generic (and slow) implementation

        if prf is None:
            prf = lambda p,s: HMAC.new(p, s, hmac_hash_module).digest()

        def link(s):
            s[0], s[1] = s[1], prf(password, s[1])
            return s[0]

        key = b''
        i = 1
        while len(key)<dkLen:
            s = [ prf(password, salt + struct.pack(">I", i)) ] * 2
            key += reduce(strxor, (link(s) for j in range(count)) )
            i += 1

    else:
        # Optimized implementation
        key = b''
        i = 1
        while len(key)<dkLen:
            base = HMAC.new(password, b"", hmac_hash_module)
            first_digest = base.copy().update(salt + struct.pack(">I", i)).digest()
            key += base._pbkdf2_hmac_assist(first_digest, count)
            i += 1

    return key[:dkLen]


class _S2V(object):
    """String-to-vector PRF as defined in `RFC5297`_.

    This class implements a pseudorandom function family
    based on CMAC that takes as input a vector of strings.

    .. _RFC5297: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5297
    """

    def __init__(self, key, ciphermod, cipher_params=None):
        """Initialize the S2V PRF.

        :Parameters:
          key : byte string
            A secret that can be used as key for CMACs
            based on ciphers from ``ciphermod``.
          ciphermod : module
            A block cipher module from `Crypto.Cipher`.
          cipher_params : dictionary
            A set of extra parameters to use to create a cipher instance.
        """

        self._key = _copy_bytes(None, None, key)
        self._ciphermod = ciphermod
        self._last_string = self._cache = b'\x00' * ciphermod.block_size
        
        # Max number of update() call we can process
        self._n_updates = ciphermod.block_size * 8 - 1
        
        if cipher_params is None:
            self._cipher_params = {}
        else:
            self._cipher_params = dict(cipher_params)

    @staticmethod
    def new(key, ciphermod):
        """Create a new S2V PRF.

        :Parameters:
          key : byte string
            A secret that can be used as key for CMACs
            based on ciphers from ``ciphermod``.
          ciphermod : module
            A block cipher module from `Crypto.Cipher`.
        """
        return _S2V(key, ciphermod)

    def _double(self, bs):
        doubled = bytes_to_long(bs)<<1
        if bord(bs[0]) & 0x80:
            doubled ^= 0x87
        return long_to_bytes(doubled, len(bs))[-len(bs):]

    def update(self, item):
        """Pass the next component of the vector.

        The maximum number of components you can pass is equal to the block
        length of the cipher (in bits) minus 1.

        :Parameters:
          item : byte string
            The next component of the vector.
        :Raise TypeError: when the limit on the number of components has been reached.
        """

        if self._n_updates == 0:
            raise TypeError("Too many components passed to S2V")
        self._n_updates -= 1

        mac = CMAC.new(self._key,
                       msg=self._last_string,
                       ciphermod=self._ciphermod,
                       cipher_params=self._cipher_params)
        self._cache = strxor(self._double(self._cache), mac.digest())
        self._last_string = _copy_bytes(None, None, item)

    def derive(self):
        """"Derive a secret from the vector of components.

        :Return: a byte string, as long as the block length of the cipher.
        """

        if len(self._last_string) >= 16:
            # xorend
            final = self._last_string[:-16] + strxor(self._last_string[-16:], self._cache)
        else:
            # zero-pad & xor
            padded = (self._last_string + b'\x80' + b'\x00' * 15)[:16]
            final = strxor(padded, self._double(self._cache))
        mac = CMAC.new(self._key,
                       msg=final,
                       ciphermod=self._ciphermod,
                       cipher_params=self._cipher_params)
        return mac.digest()


def HKDF(master, key_len, salt, hashmod, num_keys=1, context=None):
    """Derive one or more keys from a master secret using
    the HMAC-based KDF defined in RFC5869_.

    This KDF is not suitable for deriving keys from a password or for key
    stretching. Use :func:`PBKDF2` instead.

    HKDF is a key derivation method approved by NIST in `SP 800 56C`__.

    Args:
     master (byte string):
        The unguessable value used by the KDF to generate the other keys.
        It must be a high-entropy secret, though not necessarily uniform.
        It must not be a password.
     salt (byte string):
        A non-secret, reusable value that strengthens the randomness
        extraction step.
        Ideally, it is as long as the digest size of the chosen hash.
        If empty, a string of zeroes in used.
     key_len (integer):
        The length in bytes of every derived key.
     hashmod (module):
        A cryptographic hash algorithm from :mod:`Crypto.Hash`.
        :mod:`Crypto.Hash.SHA512` is a good choice.
     num_keys (integer):
        The number of keys to derive. Every key is :data:`key_len` bytes long.
        The maximum cumulative length of all keys is
        255 times the digest size.
     context (byte string):
        Optional identifier describing what the keys are used for.

    Return:
        A byte string or a tuple of byte strings.

    .. _RFC5869: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5869
    .. __: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-56C/SP-800-56C.pdf
    """

    output_len = key_len * num_keys
    if output_len > (255 * hashmod.digest_size):
        raise ValueError("Too much secret data to derive")
    if not salt:
        salt = b'\x00' * hashmod.digest_size
    if context is None:
        context = b""

    # Step 1: extract
    hmac = HMAC.new(salt, master, digestmod=hashmod)
    prk = hmac.digest()

    # Step 2: expand
    t = [ b"" ]
    n = 1
    tlen = 0
    while tlen < output_len:
        hmac = HMAC.new(prk, t[-1] + context + struct.pack('B', n), digestmod=hashmod)
        t.append(hmac.digest())
        tlen += hashmod.digest_size
        n += 1
    derived_output = b"".join(t)
    if num_keys == 1:
        return derived_output[:key_len]
    kol = [derived_output[idx:idx + key_len]
           for idx in xrange(0, output_len, key_len)]
    return list(kol[:num_keys])


def scrypt(password, salt, key_len, N, r, p, num_keys=1):
    """Derive one or more keys from a passphrase.

    This function performs key derivation according to
    the `scrypt`_ algorithm, introduced in Percival's paper
    `"Stronger key derivation via sequential memory-hard functions"`__.

    This implementation is based on `RFC7914`__.

    Args:
     password (string):
        The secret pass phrase to generate the keys from.
     salt (string):
        A string to use for better protection from dictionary attacks.
        This value does not need to be kept secret,
        but it should be randomly chosen for each derivation.
        It is recommended to be at least 8 bytes long.
     key_len (integer):
        The length in bytes of every derived key.
     N (integer):
        CPU/Memory cost parameter. It must be a power of 2 and less
        than :math:`2^{32}`.
     r (integer):
        Block size parameter.
     p (integer):
        Parallelization parameter.
        It must be no greater than :math:`(2^{32}-1)/(4r)`.
     num_keys (integer):
        The number of keys to derive. Every key is :data:`key_len` bytes long.
        By default, only 1 key is generated.
        The maximum cumulative length of all keys is :math:`(2^{32}-1)*32`
        (that is, 128TB).

    A good choice of parameters *(N, r , p)* was suggested
    by Colin Percival in his `presentation in 2009`__:

    - *(16384, 8, 1)* for interactive logins (<=100ms)
    - *(1048576, 8, 1)* for file encryption (<=5s)

    Return:
        A byte string or a tuple of byte strings.

    .. _scrypt: http://www.tarsnap.com/scrypt.html
    .. __: http://www.tarsnap.com/scrypt/scrypt.pdf
    .. __: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7914
    .. __: http://www.tarsnap.com/scrypt/scrypt-slides.pdf
    """

    if 2 ** (bit_size(N) - 1) != N:
        raise ValueError("N must be a power of 2")
    if N >= 2 ** 32:
        raise ValueError("N is too big")
    if p > ((2 ** 32 - 1) * 32)  // (128 * r):
        raise ValueError("p or r are too big")

    prf_hmac_sha256 = lambda p, s: HMAC.new(p, s, SHA256).digest()

    stage_1 = PBKDF2(password, salt, p * 128 * r, 1, prf=prf_hmac_sha256)

    scryptROMix = _raw_scrypt_lib.scryptROMix
    core = _raw_salsa20_lib.Salsa20_8_core

    # Parallelize into p flows
    data_out = []
    for flow in xrange(p):
        idx = flow * 128 * r
        buffer_out = create_string_buffer(128 * r)
        result = scryptROMix(stage_1[idx : idx + 128 * r],
                             buffer_out,
                             c_size_t(128 * r),
                             N,
                             core)
        if result:
            raise ValueError("Error %X while running scrypt" % result)
        data_out += [ get_raw_buffer(buffer_out) ]

    dk = PBKDF2(password,
                b"".join(data_out),
                key_len * num_keys, 1,
                prf=prf_hmac_sha256)

    if num_keys == 1:
        return dk

    kol = [dk[idx:idx + key_len]
           for idx in xrange(0, key_len * num_keys, key_len)]
    return kol