mirror of
https://github.com/golang/go.git
synced 2025-12-08 06:10:04 +00:00
[dev.cmdgo] all: merge master (912f075) into dev.cmdgo
Merge List: + 2021-07-02912f075047net/http: mention socks5 support in proxy + 2021-07-02287c5e8066cmd/compile: fix stack growing algorithm + 2021-07-02743f03eeb0spec, unsafe: clarify unsafe.Slice docs + 2021-07-026125d0c426cmd/dist: correct comment: SysProcAttri -> SysProcAttr + 2021-07-0103761ede02net: don't reject null mx records + 2021-07-01877688c838testing: add TB.Setenv + 2021-07-01ef8ae82b37cmd/compile: fix bug in dwarf-gen var location generation + 2021-07-01770899f7e1cmd/go: add a regression test for 'go mod vendor' path traversal + 2021-07-01835d86a17ecmd/go: use path.Dir instead of filepath.Dir for package paths in 'go mod vendor' + 2021-07-01eb437ba92ccmd/compile: make stack value size threshold comparisons consistent + 2021-07-019d65578b83cmd/compile: fix typos in document + 2021-06-304711bf30e5doc/go1.17: linkify "language changes" in the runtime section + 2021-06-30ed56ea73e8path/filepath: deflake TestEvalSymlinksAboveRoot on darwin + 2021-06-30c080d0323bcmd/dist: pass -Wno-unknown-warning-option in swig_callback_lto + 2021-06-307d0e9e6e74image/gif: fix typo in the comment (io.ReadByte -> io.ByteReader) + 2021-06-300fa3265fe1os: change example to avoid deprecated function + 2021-06-30d19a53338fimage: add Uniform.RGBA64At and Rectangle.RGBA64At + 2021-06-30c45e800e0ccrypto/x509: don't fail on optional auth key id fields + 2021-06-29f9d50953b9net: fix failure of TestCVE202133195 + 2021-06-29e294b8a49edoc/go1.17: fix typo "MacOS" -> "macOS" + 2021-06-293463852b76math/big: fix typo of comment (`BytesScanner` to `ByteScanner`) + 2021-06-29fd4b587da3cmd/compile: suppress details error for invalid variadic argument type + 2021-06-29e2e05af6e1cmd/internal/obj/arm64: fix an encoding error of CMPW instruction + 2021-06-284bb0847b08cmd/compile,runtime: change unsafe.Slice((*T)(nil), 0) to return []T(nil) + 2021-06-281519271a93spec: change unsafe.Slice((*T)(nil), 0) to return []T(nil) + 2021-06-285385e2386bruntime/internal/atomic: drop Cas64 pointer indirection in comments + 2021-06-28956c81bfe6cmd/go: add GOEXPERIMENT to `go env` output + 2021-06-28a1d27269d6cmd/go: prep for 'go env' refactoring + 2021-06-28901510ed4ecmd/link/internal/ld: skip the windows ASLR test when CGO_ENABLED=0 + 2021-06-28361159c055cmd/cgo: fix 'see gmp.go' to 'see doc.go' + 2021-06-27c95464f0eainternal/buildcfg: refactor GOEXPERIMENT parsing code somewhat + 2021-06-25ed01ceaf48runtime/race: use race build tag on syso_test.go + 2021-06-25d1916e5e84go/types: in TestCheck/issues.src, import regexp/syntax instead of cmd/compile/internal/syntax + 2021-06-255160896c69go/types: in TestStdlib, import from source instead of export data + 2021-06-25d01bc571f7runtime: make ncgocall a global counter + 2021-06-2537f9a8f69dgo/types: fix a bug in package qualification logic + 2021-06-24c309c89db5reflect: document that InterfaceData is a low-entropy RNG + 2021-06-24cce621431acmd/compile: fix wrong type in SSA generation for OSLICE2ARRPTR + 2021-06-24600a2a4ffbcmd/go: don't try to add replaced versions that won't be selected + 2021-06-24a9bb38222anet: remove hard-coded timeout in dialClosedPort test helper + 2021-06-2486d72fa2cbtime: handle invalid UTF-8 byte sequences in quote to prevent panic + 2021-06-2444a12e5f33cmd/go: search breadth-first instead of depth-first for test dependency cycles + 2021-06-2473496e0df0net: use absDomainName in the Windows lookupPTR test helper + 2021-06-24222ed1b38aos: enable TestFifoEOF on openbsd + 2021-06-220ebd5a8de0cmd/go: update ToolTags based on GOARCH value + 2021-06-225bd09e5efcspec: unsafe.Add/Slice are not permitted in statement context + 2021-06-22666315b4d3runtime/internal/atomic: remove incorrect pointer indirection in comment + 2021-06-2263daa774b5go/types: guard against checking instantiation when generics is disabled + 2021-06-22197a5ee2abcmd/gofmt: remove stale documentation for the -G flag + 2021-06-229afd158eb2go/parser: parse an ast.IndexExpr for a[] + 2021-06-211bd5a20e3ccmd/go: add a -go flag to 'go mod graph' + 2021-06-21761edf71f6cmd/internal/moddeps: use a temporary directory for GOMODCACHE if needed + 2021-06-21a0400420adcmd/internal/moddeps: use -mod=readonly instead of -mod=mod + 2021-06-213f9ec83b10cmd/go: document GOPPC64 environment variable + 2021-06-2120bdfba325go/scanner: fall back to next() when encountering 0 bytes in parseIdentifier + 2021-06-2144f9a3566cdatabase/sql: fix deadlock test in prepare statement + 2021-06-2116e82be454runtime: fix crash during VDSO calls on PowerPC + 2021-06-212e542c3c06runtime/pprof: deflake TestMorestack more + 2021-06-21ced0fdbad0doc/go1.17: note deprecation of 'go get' for installing commands + 2021-06-217a5e7047a4doc/go1.17: add Go 1.18 pre-announcements + 2021-06-2185a2e24afddoc/go1.17: add security-related release notes + 2021-06-211de332996cdoc/go1.17: document go/parser.SkipObjectResolution + 2021-06-21117ebe0f52cmd/go: do not require the module cache to exist for 'go mod edit' + 2021-06-20460900a7b5os/signal: test with a significantly longer fatal timeout + 2021-06-19b73cc4b02bdatabase/sql: do not rely on timeout for deadlock test + 2021-06-1886743e7d86image: add RGBA64Image interface + 2021-06-189401172166runtime: clarify Frames.Next documentation + 2021-06-1857aaa19aaeruntime: disable CPU profiling before removing the SIGPROF handler + 2021-06-186f22d2c682doc/go1.17: fix typo + 2021-06-1745f251ad6ccmd/pprof,runtime/pprof: disable test on more broken platforms + 2021-06-17ed834853adcmd/go: replace a TODO with an explanatory comment + 2021-06-174dede02550cmd/pprof: make ObjAddr a no-op + 2021-06-1797cee43c93testing: drop unusual characters from TempDir directory name + 2021-06-17b0355a3e72time: fix receiver for Time.IsDST method + 2021-06-17881b6ea7badoc/go1.17: fix redundant space + 2021-06-160e67ce3d28cmd/go: in lazy modules, add transitive imports for 'go get' arguments + 2021-06-166ea2af0890cmd/go: add a regression test for #45979 + 2021-06-16a294e4e798math/rand: mention half-open intervals explicitly + 2021-06-16a6a853f94ccmd/asm: restore supporting of *1 scaling on ARM64 + 2021-06-16785a8f677fcmd/compile: better error message for invalid untyped operation + 2021-06-16a752bc0746syscall: fix TestGroupCleanupUserNamespace test failure on Fedora + 2021-06-15d77f4c0c5cnet/http: improve some server docs + 2021-06-15219fe9d547cmd/go: ignore UTF8 BOM when reading source code + 2021-06-15723f199eddcmd/link: set correct flags in .dynamic for PIE buildmode + 2021-06-154d2d89ff42cmd/go, go/build: update docs to use //go:build syntax + 2021-06-15033d885315doc/go1.17: document go run pkg@version + 2021-06-15ea8612ef42syscall: disable c-shared test when no cgo, for windows/arm + 2021-06-15abc56fd1a0internal/bytealg: remove duplicate go:build line + 2021-06-154061d3463bsyscall: rewrite handle inheritance test to use C rather than Powershell + 2021-06-15cf4e3e3d3breflect: explain why convertible or comparable types may still panic + 2021-06-147841cb14d9doc/go1.17: assorted fixes + 2021-06-148a5a6f46dcdebug/elf: don't apply DWARF relocations for ET_EXEC binaries + 2021-06-149d13f8d43eruntime: update the variable name in comment + 2021-06-140fd20ed5b6reflect: use same conversion panic in reflect and runtime + 2021-06-146bbb0a9d4acmd/internal/sys: mark windows/arm64 as c-shared-capable + 2021-06-14d4f34f8c63doc/go1.17: reword "results" in stack trace printing + 2021-06-14fdab5be159doc/go1.17: further revise OpenBSD release notes + 2021-06-14326ea438bbcmd/compile: rewrite a, b = f() to use temporaries when type not identical + 2021-06-143249b645c9cmd/compile: factor out rewrite multi-valued f() + 2021-06-1314305bf0b9misc/cgo: generate Windows import libraries for clang + 2021-06-1324cff0f044cmd/go, misc/cgo: skip test if no .edata + 2021-06-1367b1b6a2e3cmd/compile: allow ir.OSLICE2ARRPTR in mayCall + 2021-06-121ed0d129e9runtime: testprogcgo: don't call exported Go functions directly from Go + 2021-06-129d46ee5ac4reflect: handle stack-to-register translation in callMethod + 2021-06-11e552a6d312cmd/go: remove hint when no module is suggested + 2021-06-1116b5d766d8syscall: do not load native libraries on non-native powershell on arm + 2021-06-1177aa209b38runtime: loop on EINTR in macOS sigNoteSleep + 2021-06-11e2dc6dd5c9doc/go1.17: clean up formatting of gofmt section + 2021-06-112f1128461dcmd/go: match Windows paths in TestScript/mod_invalid_version + 2021-06-112721da2608doc/go1.17: fix formatting near httptest + 2021-06-10770f1de8c5net/http: remove test-only private key from production binaries + 2021-06-108d11b1d117cmd/go: report the imports of CompiledGoFiles in ImportMap + 2021-06-10dc00dc6c6bcrypto/tls: let HTTP/1.1 clients connect to servers with NextProtos "h2" + 2021-06-0927f83723e9api: promote next to go1.17 + 2021-06-09182157c81adoc/go1.17: remove lingering TODO + 2021-06-09a5bc060b42doc/go1.17: document strconv changes for Go 1.17 + 2021-06-091402b27d46strconv: document parsing of leading +/- + 2021-06-09df35ade067doc/go1.17: document //go:build lines + 2021-06-09e4e7807d24net/http: add AllowQuerySemicolons + 2021-06-09ec3026d032doc/go1.17: remove TODO for ports section + 2021-06-09e6dda19888net/url: reject query values with semicolons + 2021-06-09139e935d3cmath/big: comment division + 2021-06-09aa5540cd82cmd/compile: make map.zero symbol content-addressable + 2021-06-0907ca28d529cmd/link: fix bug in -strictdups checking of BSS symbols + 2021-06-08bcecae2af6doc/go1.17: mention new possibility of type conversion panicking + 2021-06-0863dcab2e91doc/go1.17: mention new vet checks sigchanyzer and stdmethods. + 2021-06-086551763a60doc/go1.17: mention block profile bias fix + 2021-06-08cb80937bf6Revert "doc/go1.17: mention block profile bias fix" + 2021-06-08d3e3d03666net: reject leading zeros in IP address parsers + 2021-06-08da4a640141doc/go1.17: revise OpenBSD release notes + 2021-06-08689f4c7415doc/go1.17: mention block profile bias fix + 2021-06-089afe071c60doc/go1.17: remove TODO for Tools section + 2021-06-08f753d7223edoc/go1.17: resolve TODO for cmd/cover + 2021-06-089498b0155dcmd/go: in Go 1.17+ modules, add indirect go.mod dependencies separately from direct ones + 2021-06-08949f00cebedoc/go1.17: add release notes for crypto packages + 2021-06-080fb3e2c184doc/go1.17: add a release note for the '-compat' flag to 'go mod tidy' + 2021-06-082169deb352cmd/compile: use t.AllMethods when sorting typesByString + 2021-06-08c20bcb6488runtime: remove out-of-date comments about frame skipping + 2021-06-0739c39ae52fdoc: document Go 1.17 language changes + 2021-06-07dc8b558951cmd/dist: pass -Wno-lto-type-mismatch in swig_callback_lto + 2021-06-07909dd5e010strconv: ParseFloat: always return ErrSyntax for bad syntax + 2021-06-078212707871crypto/elliptic: update P-521 docs to say it's constant-time + 2021-06-077406180012fmt: split package documentation into more sections + 2021-06-07e3176bbc3ecrypto/tls: fix typo in Config.NextProtos docs + 2021-06-05e1fa26026dspec: improve wording consistency by eliminating "specifier" + 2021-06-05f490134126spec: improve wording by choosing an official term "keyword" + 2021-06-05e3cb381704go/internal/gcimporter: don't waste CPU copying bytes in `io.ReadAll` + 2021-06-059d669ed47amisc/cgo/errors: use expected column numbers + 2021-06-0495939e8de7cmd/compile/internal/abi: fix typo in comment + 2021-06-04831f9376d8net/http: fix ResponseWriter.ReadFrom with short reads + 2021-06-043a9d906edcos: avoid finalizer race in windows process object + 2021-06-04105c5b50e0os: terminate windows processes via handle directly + 2021-06-0479cd407f88syscall: regenerate zsyscall_windows.go + 2021-06-04c6b6211229doc/go1.17: document testing changes for Go 1.17 + 2021-06-040214440075syscall: do not pass console handles to PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_HANDLE_LIST on Windows 7 + 2021-06-04962d5c997acmd/compile,go/types: restrict use of unsafe.{Add,Slice} to go1.17 or newer + 2021-06-04b29b123e07cmd/compile: remove spurious ir.Dump + 2021-06-036d98301114cmd/link: use correct alignment in PE DWARF sections + 2021-06-03e0d029f758runtime: avoid gp.lockedm race in exitsyscall0 + 2021-06-02dd7ba3ba2cnet: don't rely on system hosts in TestCVE202133195 + 2021-06-024f572d7076io/fs: minor corrections to Sub docs + 2021-06-02e11d14225cdoc/go1.17: remove runtime section + 2021-06-026e189afd3edoc/go1.17: mention SYS_WAIT6/WEXITED on NetBSD + 2021-06-02ff9f5fb859cmd/link: recognize clang linker error in testCGOLTO + 2021-06-021c6a2ea2eadoc/go1.17: document time changes for Go1.17 + 2021-06-02d743e67e06doc/go1.17: document flag changes for Go 1.17 + 2021-06-02dc8f87b749runtime/internal/sys: generate //go:build lines in gengoos.go + 2021-06-0284c0e5d47fcmd/link: move issue 43830 tests out of TestScript + 2021-06-02cae68700ccruntime: fix formatting + 2021-06-01567ee865f6cmd/go: add declaration to cgo_lto_issue43830 test + 2021-06-0124e9707cbfcmd/link, cmd/cgo: support -flto in CFLAGS + 2021-06-01272552275fA+C: update name + 2021-06-012bec019fb5doc/go1.17: add release notes for register ABI + 2021-06-012e59cc5fb4cmd/go: add [-src] to documentation + 2021-06-010b80cf1136cmd/go: make 'go get' save sums for incidentally updated modules + 2021-05-303b770f2ccbgo/types: don't declare 'comparable' when typeparams are disabled + 2021-05-301607c28172go/types: unexport the GoVersion configuration option for Go 1.17 + 2021-05-2979bda65041doc/go1.17: mention time.Layout + 2021-05-29f6cc392d1ddoc/go1.17: document text/template/parse.SkipFuncCheck + 2021-05-281419ca7ceadoc/go1.17: mention new definitions of MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC + 2021-05-286624771c83doc/go1.17: mention testing.[TB].Setenv methods + 2021-05-28bbda923592doc/go1.17: mention new Windows SysProcAttr fields + 2021-05-286f58088bd8doc/go1.17: document new go/build/BuildContext.ToolTags field + 2021-05-28c295107708doc/go1.17: mention new encoding/csv/Reader.FieldPos method + 2021-05-28ccd9784edfdoc/go1.17: document new debug/elf constant + 2021-05-283de3440fb9go/ast: remove FuncDecl.IsMethod for Go 1.17 + 2021-05-27639acdc833doc/go1.17: clarify that compress/lzw Reader and Writer types are new + 2021-05-27193d514131net/http: correct Client.Do doc about context cancelation + 2021-05-27ab2ef4aaa7doc/go1.17: document reflect changes + 2021-05-270ece95a0fecmd/go: don't let 'go mod download' save sums for inconsistent requirements + 2021-05-27cdcd02842dnet: verify results from Lookup* are valid domain names + 2021-05-278bf5bf5173cmd/compile: improve debug locations for partially live in-params + 2021-05-2756af34f875cmd/compile: place reg spills after OpArg{Int,Float}Reg ops + 2021-05-27db66e9e15dcmd/link: accept Windows line-ending in TestTrampolineCgo + 2021-05-276b8c94b6c5go/types: guard against check==nil in newNamed + 2021-05-27fca7b8f3e6Revert "net: verify results from Lookup* are valid domain names" + 2021-05-27950fa11c4cnet/http/httputil: always remove hop-by-hop headers + 2021-05-279bc52686dacmd/go,cmd/link: do not check for staleness in most tests + 2021-05-276ff0ae2aa4crypto/elliptic: fix typo in p521Point type name + 2021-05-263075ffc93eos: deflake TestFdReadRace + 2021-05-26a62c08734fsrc/os: revert accidentally submitted change + 2021-05-261d5298d46adoc/go1.17: document net/... changes + 2021-05-260fbecece98doc/go1.17: document syscall changes + 2021-05-2602beecb397mime: document use of the Shared MIME-Info Database + 2021-05-26a92460fd2fdoc/go1.17: add release notes for runtime/metrics package + 2021-05-2655aefbb268doc/go1.17: mention enabling frame pointer on all ARM64 + 2021-05-2639da9ae513go/types: ensure that Named.check is nilled out once it is expanded + 2021-05-26bfd7798a6cruntime,cmd/link/internal/ld: fix typos + 2021-05-26e4615ad74dmath/big: move division into natdiv.go + 2021-05-26d050238bb6doc/go1.17: fix formatting for time changes + 2021-05-2574242baa41archive/zip: only preallocate File slice if reasonably sized + 2021-05-25f22ec51debdoc: add Go 1.17 release note about inlining functions with closures + 2021-05-258b462d7567cmd/go: add a -compat flag to 'go mod tidy' + 2021-05-24c89f1224a5net: verify results from Lookup* are valid domain names + 2021-05-2408a8fa9c47misc/wasm: ensure correct stack pointer in catch clauses + 2021-05-2432b73ae180cmd/go: align checks of module path during initialization. + 2021-05-2415d9d4a009cmd/go: add tests illustrating what happens when Go 1.16 is used in a Go 1.17 main module + 2021-05-24873401df5bcmd/compile: ensure equal functions don't do unaligned loads + 2021-05-24b83610699acmd/compile: record regabi status in DW_AT_producer + 2021-05-24a22e317220cmd/compile: always include underlying type for map types + 2021-05-244356e7e85fruntime: account for spill slots in Windows callback compilation + 2021-05-2452d7033ff6cmd/go/internal/modload: set the default GoVersion in a single location + 2021-05-2405819bc104cmd/go/internal/modcmd: factor out a type for flags whose arguments are Go versions + 2021-05-22cca23a7373cmd/compile: revert CL/316890 + 2021-05-21f87194cbd7doc/go1.17: document changes to net/http package + 2021-05-21217f5dd496doc: document additional atomic.Value methods + 2021-05-213c656445f1cmd/go: in TestScript/mod_replace, download an explicit module path + 2021-05-2176b2d6afedos: document that StartProcess puts files into blocking mode + 2021-05-21e4d7525c3ecmd/dist: display first class port status in json output + 2021-05-214fb10b2118cmd/go: in 'go mod download' without args, don't save module zip sums + 2021-05-214fda54ce3fdoc/go1.17: document database/sql changes for Go 1.17 + 2021-05-218876b9bd6adoc/go1.17: document io/fs changes for Go 1.17 + 2021-05-215fee772c87doc/go1.17: document archive/zip changes for Go 1.17 + 2021-05-213148694f60cmd/go: remove warning from module deprecation notice printing + 2021-05-217e63c8b765runtime: wait for Go runtime to initialize in Windows signal test + 2021-05-21831573cd21io/fs: added an example for io/fs.WalkDir + 2021-05-20baa934d26dcmd: go get golang.org/x/tools/analysis@49064d23 && go mod vendor + 2021-05-207c692cc7eadoc/go1.17: document changes to os package + 2021-05-20ce9a3b79d5crypto/x509: add new FreeBSD 12.2+ trusted certificate folder + 2021-05-20f8be906d74test: re-enable test on riscv64 now that it supports external linking + 2021-05-20def5360541doc/go1.17: add release notes for OpenBSD ports + 2021-05-20ef1f52cc38doc/go1.17: add release note for windows/arm64 port + 2021-05-20bb7495a46ddoc/go1.17: document new math constants + 2021-05-20f07e4dae3csyscall: document NewCallback and NewCallbackCDecl limitations + 2021-05-20a8d85918b6misc/cgo/testplugin: skip TestIssue25756pie on darwin/arm64 builder + 2021-05-196c1c055d1ecmd/internal/moddeps: use filepath.SkipDir only on directories + 2021-05-19658b5e66ecnet: return nil UDPAddr from ReadFromUDP + 2021-05-1915a374d5c1test: check portable error message on issue46234.go + 2021-05-18eeadce2d87go/build/constraint: fix parsing of "// +build" (with no args) + 2021-05-186d2ef2ef2acmd/compile: don't emit inltree for closure within body of inlined func + 2021-05-18048cb4ceeecrypto/x509: remove duplicate import + 2021-05-18690a8c3fb1make.bash: fix misuse of continue + 2021-05-188b0901fd32doc/go1.17: fix typo "avoding" -> "avoiding" + 2021-05-185e191f8f48time: rewrite the documentation for layout strings + 2021-05-17bfe3573d58go/token: correct the interval notation used in some panic messages + 2021-05-17a2c07a9a1aall: update golang.org/x/net to latest + 2021-05-17b9b2bed893syscall: some containers may fail syscall.TestSetuidEtc + 2021-05-17b1aff42900cmd/go: don't print 'go get' deprecation notices in the main module + 2021-05-17bade680867runtime/cgo: fix crosscall2 on ppc64x + 2021-05-15ce92a2023ccmd/go: error out of 'go mod tidy' if the go version is newer than supported + 2021-05-1402699f810aruntime: mark osyield nosplit on OpenBSD + 2021-05-143d324f127dnet/http: prevent infinite wait during TestMissingStatusNoPanic + 2021-05-140eb38f2b16cmd/go/internal/load: override Package.Root in module mode + 2021-05-14a938e52986cmd/go: fix a portability issue in the cd script command + 2021-05-14d137b74539cmd/go: fix spacing in help text of -overlay flag + 2021-05-14c925e1546ecmd/internal/obj/arm64: disable AL and NV for some condition operation instructions + 2021-05-1412d383c7c7debug/macho: fix a typo in macho.go + 2021-05-143a0453514aall: fix spelling + 2021-05-13b4833f7c06cmd/link: always mark runtime.unreachableMethod symbol + 2021-05-1392c189f211cmd/link: resolve ABI alias for runtime.unreachableMethod + 2021-05-137a7624a3facmd/go: permit .tbd files as a linker flag + 2021-05-13cde2d857fecmd/go: be less strict about go version syntax in dependency go.mod files + 2021-05-132a61b3c590regexp: fix repeat of preferred empty match + 2021-05-13fd4631e24fcmd/compile/internal/dwarfgen: fix DWARF param DIE ordering + 2021-05-13a63cded5e4debug/dwarf: delay array type fixup to handle type cycles + 2021-05-130fa2302ee5cmd/vendor: update golang.org/x/sys to latest + 2021-05-132c76a6f7f8all: add //go:build lines to assembly files + 2021-05-126db7480f59cmd/go/internal/modload: in updateLazyRoots, do not require the main module explicitly + 2021-05-12f93b951f33cmd/compile/abi-internal.md: fix table format + 2021-05-123b321a9d12cmd/compile: add arch-specific inlining for runtime.memmove + 2021-05-1207ff596404runtime/internal/atomic: add LSE atomics instructions to arm64 + 2021-05-1203886707f9runtime: fix handling of SPWRITE functions in traceback + 2021-05-12e03383a2e2cmd/link: check mmap error + 2021-05-12af0f8c149ecmd/link: don't cast end address to int32 + 2021-05-12485474d204cmd/go/testdata/script: fix test failing on nocgo builders + 2021-05-121a0ea1a08bruntime: fix typo in proc.go + 2021-05-119995c6b50acmd/go: ignore implicit imports when the -find flag is set + 2021-05-119b84814f6enet/http: check that Unicode-aware functions are not used + 2021-05-112520e72d3bruntime: hold sched.lock across atomic pidleget/pidleput + 2021-05-11326a792517runtime,syscall: simplify openbsd related build tags + 2021-05-105c489514bcnet/http: switch HTTP1 to ASCII equivalents of string functions + 2021-05-10dc50683bf7crypto/elliptic: upgrade from generic curve impl to specific if available + 2021-05-1073d5aef4d1cmd/internal/objfile: add objabi.SNOPTRDATA to "D" + 2021-05-10d9e068d289runtime/cgo,cmd/internal/obj/ppc64: fix signals with cgo + 2021-05-10deb3403ff5go/build: include files with parse errors in GoFiles and other lists + 2021-05-1082517acae8net, runtime: drop macOS 10.12 skip conditions in tests + 2021-05-10031854117fcmd/go: include packages with InvalidGoFiles when filtering main packages + 2021-05-10a9edda3788cmd/go: add a test that reproduces #45827 + 2021-05-10e18a8b4fb2go/build: avoid duplicates in InvalidGoFiles + 2021-05-10287025925fcmd/compile,reflect: allow longer type names + 2021-05-09c14ecaca81runtime: skip TestCrashDumpsAllThreads on openbsd/arm + 2021-05-09bedf2c4886runtime,syscall: convert syscall on openbsd/arm to libc + 2021-05-09603f43cbaeruntime: switch runtime to libc for openbsd/arm + 2021-05-0983df4a590bruntime: switch openbsd/arm locking to libc + 2021-05-098ec8f6aa87runtime: switch openbsd/arm to pthreads + 2021-05-095203357ebacmd/compile: make non-concurrent compiles deterministic again + 2021-05-09ea93e68858crypto/elliptic: make P-521 scalar multiplication constant time + 2021-05-0914c3d2aa59crypto/elliptic: import fiat-crypto P-521 field implementation + 2021-05-09ec4efa4208crypto/x509: check the private key passed to CreateCertificate + 2021-05-08b38b1b2f9acmd/compile: manage Slot array better + 2021-05-0868327e1aa1cmd/vendor: upgrade pprof to latest + 2021-05-084c8f48ed4fsyscall: do not change stdio handle inheritance + 2021-05-089d0819b27ccrypto/tls: make cipher suite preference ordering automatic + 2021-05-0802ce411821crypto/x509: remove GODEBUG=x509ignoreCN=0 flag + 2021-05-08b211fe0058cmd/compile: remove bit operations that modify memory directly + 2021-05-07f24eac4771cmd/compile: improving the documentation of various fields and functions + 2021-05-073980c4db19doc/go1.17: fill in TODO for compress/lzw package + 2021-05-07d80d1427a8doc/go1.17: fill in TODO for reflect package + 2021-05-07af6123a865doc/go1.17: document encoding/binary.Uvarint max read of 10 bytes + 2021-05-07b44c78b8c3doc/go1.17: fill in TODO for strconv package + 2021-05-079bfa6f75d5cmd/internal/obj: consolidate MOVB cases with other MOV ops on ppc64 + 2021-05-07a0eb662d85doc/go1.17: move language specification TODO to the right place + 2021-05-07bdb8044665cmd/link: don't include arginfo symbols in symbol table + 2021-05-07f5423ea615cmd/compile/internal/types2: add test case for issue 45985 + 2021-05-07832c70e33dinternal/poll: cast off the last reference of SplicePipe in test + 2021-05-07d2b03111c4go/types,cmd/compile/internal/types2: unskip std and cmd in TestStdlib + 2021-05-079524e93adfgo/types: add a test case for issue 45985 + 2021-05-07a11a1711b0go/types: expose types.Info.Inferred with -tags=typeparams + 2021-05-064dbad79510runtime: call unlockOSThread directly in Windows syscall functions + 2021-05-06f39997b2becmd/link: split large text sections on Darwin/ARM64 when external linking + 2021-05-0690d6bbbe42crypto/tls: enforce ALPN overlap when negotiated on both sides + 2021-05-06402f177efccmd/compile: fix intrinsic setting for mul64, add64 on ppc64le + 2021-05-0651ff3a6965crypto/x509: rewrite certificate parser + 2021-05-065f9fe47deaCONTRIBUTORS: change my name + 2021-05-066c591f79b0math/big: check for excessive exponents in Rat.SetString + 2021-05-0654e20b505ddoc/go1.17: document fixes for negative rune handling + 2021-05-06d2fd503f68text/template: fix type bug in eq + 2021-05-060e7a7a68cdtext/template/parse: rename DeferFuncCheck to SkipFuncCheck + 2021-05-06ba0f8ce50fruntime: gofmt proc_test.go + 2021-05-06b4ca1cec69cmd/compile: set unsayable "names" for regabi testing triggers + 2021-05-061108cbe60bcrypto/ecdsa,crypto/elliptic: improve tests and benchmarks + 2021-05-0643c390a1facrypto/ed25519: skip allocations test on -noopt builder + 2021-05-05cf73f1a8e4go/parser: don't parse a nil IndexExpr.Index + 2021-05-0515557af207doc/go1.17: fill in Go 1.17 release note TODOs using relnote + 2021-05-05b0c49ae9f5crypto/ed25519: replace internal/edwards25519 with filippo.io/edwards25519 + 2021-05-05543e098320go/types: fix potential bugs in santitizer pass + 2021-05-0540d5e6d4e2cmd/compile/internal/types2: fix potential bugs in santitizer pass + 2021-05-05784ef4c531net/http: ignore directory path when parsing multipart forms + 2021-05-0595dde3f029cmd/compile: do not substitute OGOTO inside a closure when inlining + 2021-05-05d0583b131acmd/go: spot-check the explicit requirements of root module dependencies when loading packages from them + 2021-05-0518e666bad7cmd/go: skip TestExecInDeletedDir on aix and solaris-based platforms + 2021-05-0569368cece5cmd/compile/internal/types2: make TestManual work for directories + 2021-05-053b304ce7feruntime: implement runqdrain() for GC mark worker goroutines + 2021-05-05f34fe8e370all: update vendored dependencies for Go 1.17 + 2021-05-054c9791299druntime: remove redundant save_g call in mcall for arm + 2021-05-059e0facd26ecmd/compile/internal/types2: implement types2.Instantiate + 2021-05-05caf4c9434bcmd/compile: debug trace output for -N variable location gen + 2021-05-0566ce8aa88dcmd/compile: handle degenerate entry blocks in -N debug gen + 2021-05-054df662fb37cmd/go: don't crash when running "go version" in deleted directory + 2021-05-05bb5e45219acmd/go.sum: remove untidy checksums + 2021-05-04137be7712fembed/internal/embedtest: add test for embedded path starting with dash + 2021-05-04cb0658e624go/types: expose more API under -tags=typeparams + 2021-05-0462a87f64b9cmd/go/internal/modload: only check root-promotion during tidy for lazy modules + 2021-05-046a6aa32783cmd/go: add a test that reproduces the internal error in #45952 + 2021-05-04cd28ca3a4eruntime: abort when receiving a signal on a non-Go thread on Windows + 2021-05-04d19e5493bddoc/go1.17: require macOS 10.13 or later + 2021-05-0410a082aa70cmd/go: update x/mod to fix "//indirect" comment editing + 2021-05-04f62739b861cmd/compile: establish regabi name/value mapping for small in-params + 2021-05-048c3d217d89os: skip TestExecutableDeleted on plan9 + 2021-05-04e15d1f4e64internal/buildcfg: set Error instead of panicking + 2021-05-04da7496d841os/signal: increase test timeouts on ppc64*/linux + 2021-05-04d83baa1aa2cmd/dist,cmd/go: set GOTRACEBACK to "system" for testing + 2021-05-0410d625d5b4database/sql: add NullInt16 and NullByte + 2021-05-04371ea545c0net/url: avoid string concatenation in resolvePath + 2021-05-0462d424d794cmd: update x/tools to pull in CL 315570 + 2021-05-04eab0c46af7cmd/go/internal/modload: remove outdated comments and redundant tests + 2021-05-040816511d3ball: update x/crypto to pull in CL 316109 + 2021-05-048e38b80b64cmd: update x/text to pull in CL 315571 + 2021-05-041bbe78bb6dcmd: update x/mod to pull in CL 316113 + 2021-05-0486e42c2fbfcmd/go: suppress SSH password prompts when fetching modules or repos + 2021-05-045e4f9b077fcmd/compile: when compiling with -N, avoid entry block + 2021-05-040921211403cmd/compile: preserve/translate names for parameters + 2021-05-04830e63a7a3syscall: add //go:build lines to assembly files + 2021-05-0445600bcd61os, syscall: use wait6 to avoid wait/kill race on netbsd + 2021-05-04138d2c9b88strconv: fix a typo + 2021-05-04e3769299cdstrconv: add QuotedPrefix + 2021-05-042422c5eae5sync/atomic: add (*Value).Swap and (*Value).CompareAndSwap + 2021-05-04496d7c6914text/template: add lock for Template.tmpl to fix data race + 2021-05-03731a015ab8internal/syscall/unix: use internal/abi.FuncPC for syscall wrapper + 2021-05-03e8eb1d8269math: add MaxUint, MinInt, MaxInt + 2021-05-03ed5ebd32b3os: update some docs to reference fs.ErrFoo instead of os.ErrFoo + 2021-05-03ddb648fdf6archive/zip: add File.OpenRaw, Writer.CreateRaw, Writer.Copy + 2021-05-039f347035efcmd/api: disallow silent API additions after api/go1.n.txt is created + 2021-05-03791854700dall: update x/net to pull in CL 316129 + 2021-05-03a144af9136cmd: update x/term to pull in CL 316112 + 2021-05-038a4b7294afcmd/compile: fix possible nil deref added in CL 270943 + 2021-05-037f9febd4a1cmd/compile: fix linux-amd64-noopt builder + 2021-05-0390ec257735cmd/compile: make the stack allocator more careful about register args. + 2021-05-03b584230889net/http: use relative path in Location redirect + 2021-05-03169155d61ecmd/compile: preserve argument order in debug_info + 2021-05-03472f519fe2cmd/compile/internal/ssagen: fix misleading comment + 2021-05-03d75fbac54dcmd/compile: add edge from lock rank edge from forceGC to traceStackTab + 2021-05-037b768d43d0math: replace float32/64 extrema with exact expressions + 2021-05-03be1da9cdeecmd/link: unify text segment write + 2021-05-038327d2150fcmd/compile: add traceback argument info to ABI0 assembly functions + 2021-05-03844e1fc6f1cmd/compile: make typecheckaste correctly report invalid use of "..." + 2021-05-039ed736ac2acmd/link/internal: fix use of DynlinkingGo with ppc64le trampolines + 2021-05-0330674ae91bcmd/dist: disable misc/cgo/testsanitizers on ppc64le + 2021-05-032c9f5a1da8cmd: update x/arch to pull in CL 315572 + 2021-05-02abb110bf3dos/user: implement (*User).GroupIds on solaris + 2021-05-02b177b2d51eos, syscall: use wait6 to avoid wait/kill race on dragonfly + 2021-05-027eb2d30883syscall: add //go:build lines to files generated with with mksyscall_libc.pl + 2021-05-02bb09f8a29btime: make time.Time print a valid Go string with %#v + 2021-05-02fadad851a3cmd/compile: implement unsafe.Add and unsafe.Slice + 2021-05-020d32d9e8a8os: document that Windows Symlink to missing target creates file symlink + 2021-05-02352a322a83path/filepath: fix documentation typo (was "each each") + 2021-05-01053fe2f485cmd/link: emit better error for duplicated definition + 2021-05-01d7473fd907cmd/link: mangle ABI name for shared linkage + 2021-05-01879db69ce2go/types: list errors by default in TestManual + 2021-05-01a9db5a7386go/types: simplify use of TestManual + 2021-05-01ffc38d8ab4go/types: slice-to-array-pointer conversion requires go1.17 + 2021-04-308e91458b19runtime,syscall: convert syscall on openbsd/386 to libc + 2021-04-30faff49aae6runtime: switch runtime to libc for openbsd/386 + 2021-04-300bbfc5c31eruntime: break up large calls to memclrNoHeapPointers to allow preemption + 2021-04-3041afd3af42cmd/compile: fix abbrev selection for output params + 2021-04-30d19eece91fcmd/compile: handle field padding for register-passed structs + 2021-04-30162d4f9c92cmd/compile: regabi support for DWARF location expressions + 2021-04-3093200b98c7bufio: mention ErrFinalToken in SplitFunc documentation + 2021-04-30c23a32284aruntime: work around vet asmdecl checks for openbsd/386 mstart_stub + 2021-04-30afa58ddf5acmd/compile: revise block/func end sentinels in debug analysis + 2021-04-3083ac59b1a5cmd/internal/archive: make error message contain printable characters only + 2021-04-30c3b2b04156runtime: switch openbsd/386 locking to libc + 2021-04-304893eee9dcruntime: switch openbsd/386 to pthreads + 2021-04-30d9bfda8124cmd/go: remove the special case for "unsafe" in importFromModules + 2021-04-30cbff713e68cmd/go: add GODEBUG tokens for debugging lazy module loading + 2021-04-30eb71887b99cmd/go: prune go.mod and go.sum files from vendored dependencies + 2021-04-30c3365ad5f2cmd/go: annotate versions in vendor/modules.txt + 2021-04-307dedc237c5cmd/go: smooth out upgrade paths for lazy loading + 2021-04-300e315ad79acmd/go/internal/modload: avoid loading the full module graph when listing specific modules + 2021-04-30c05d50f8f3cmd/go/internal/modload: avoid loading the module graph to list only the name of the main module + 2021-04-30ee4f9656accmd/go/internal/modload: avoid loading the full module graph to determine which checksums to add to go.sum + 2021-04-304063605e0dcmd/go/internal/modload: avoid loading the full module graph for imports satisfied by lazy roots + 2021-04-308d8abb3b8acmd/go: verify lazy-loading invariants when loading the vendor list for a lazy module + 2021-04-309a81702b97cmd/go: enable lazy loading + 2021-04-302bd3e48055cmd/go/internal/modload: implement lazy loading + 2021-04-309c12f1b433internal/buildcfg: enable regabi for Android + 2021-04-3095c5f4da80cmd/compile/internal/types2: list errors by default in TestManual + 2021-04-30c55d5c887ecmd/compile/internal/types2: simplify use of TestManual + 2021-04-3089bf297b24cmd/internal/objfile: emit better error for Go object of a different version + 2021-04-30a893682d83net/url: add Values.Has + 2021-04-303366556d1cA+C: add Weixie Cui (individual CLA) + 2021-04-30cc02d59e84cmd/gofmt: always format non-directory arguments again + 2021-04-300dfb6fb490go/ast: print CommentMap contents in source order + 2021-04-3006ac303f6acmd/internal/obj/ppc64: simplify got/toc address classification + 2021-04-309c7207891ccmd/internal/obj/arm64: fix the size of STP series instructions in optab + 2021-04-30303b194c6dapi: update next.txt + 2021-04-303498027329math: increase precision of math.SmallestNonzeroFloat64 + 2021-04-3002ab8d1a1dcmd/compile, runtime: emit only GC data for stack objects + 2021-04-29a9705e157bcmd/compile/internal/types2: slice-to-array-pointer conversion requires go1.17 + 2021-04-29e99dfb0e5ccmd/compile: make GC prog symbol content-addressable + 2021-04-291df309eb02cmd/compile: skip types.Sym for GC mask symbols + 2021-04-29897baae953runtime/metrics: add additional allocation metrics + 2021-04-29fd09593667cmd/compile: minor doc enhancements + 2021-04-297b32830f58crypto/elliptic: store P-256 precomputed basepoint table in source + 2021-04-2987e4dcd446archive/zip: only return directory once via io/fs.FS + 2021-04-296d95e5a4ffencoding/csv: add FieldPos method + 2021-04-292c05ba4ae0runtime: top align tinyallocs in race mode + 2021-04-2932dbaac572cmd/compile/internal/walk: merge operations when calling ir.NewSlic… + 2021-04-29e03cca6407runtime: use 4 MiB heap arenas on iOS + 2021-04-295a8435d701go/types: add additional test data from types2 + 2021-04-29f7c6f6210bcmd/link: test trampolines with cgo + 2021-04-29948a262455cmd/compile/internal/types2: nest all test data under the testdata directory + 2021-04-2912eaefead4cmd/link: support trampoline insertion for PLT calls on ARM + 2021-04-29657f58d845cmd/link: support trampoline insertion for PLT calls on ARM64 + 2021-04-29f12dfeac89cmd/link: support trampoline insertion on ARM64 + 2021-04-29b15372f39bruntime: remove linux-amd64 walltime function + 2021-04-29862ddb37b4runtime: rename walltime1 to walltime + 2021-04-294e3e6b58f7cmd/compile/internal/ir: fix doc + 2021-04-2918852e8372cmd/link: use a two-pass approach for trampoline insertion + 2021-04-29d80da19fc9cmd/link: update comment for PLT/GOT helper functions + 2021-04-29eb3fe28d70go/types: improve error messages for unexpected ListExprs + 2021-04-29c8a92d454cgo/types: ensure that error code values do not change in 1.17 + 2021-04-2947cb0c46b2go/types: nest all test data under the testdata directory + 2021-04-29c4c68fb57fcmd/compile/internal/walk: delete unused statement + 2021-04-296afa0ae4e5cmd/compile/internal/types2: match compiler error for invalid type alias decl + 2021-04-2942953bc9f5runtime: remove walltime function + 2021-04-29d09947522druntime: implement time.now in assembly for linux-amd64 + 2021-04-29756fd56bbfcmd/compile: remove an unused function + 2021-04-28fa6ed6e81ago/types: respect IgnoreFuncBodies for function literals + 2021-04-286082c05d8bgo/types: better errors for invalid short var decls + 2021-04-28414af503d7go/types: fix type inference + 2021-04-28c96fec9036runtime: use a single definition of time_now for faketime + 2021-04-28b36596b14fruntime: move Windows time.now implementations into separate files + 2021-04-2807e006dd93go/types: use a global atomic counter for type parameter ids + 2021-04-28168dd4e6aago/types: add example test for type inference + 2021-04-281e235cd454go/types: use combined type and ordinary args for type inference + 2021-04-28ad989c7dbacrypto/cipher: make AES-GCM benchmarks match ChaCha20Poly1305 ones + 2021-04-28764f53eb6cspec: clarify conditions for switch expression type + 2021-04-2842812a2feetypes2: disambiguate package qualifiers in error messages + 2021-04-28ea65a12f89cmd/compile/internal/types2: catch unexpected expression lists + 2021-04-2890614ff462cmd/go/internal/modfetch: fix comment that mentions no-longer returned error + 2021-04-28a54762586fcmd/gofmt: simplify arg handling + 2021-04-2822a56b629dcmd/go/internal/modload: in importFromModules, do not wrap module graph errors in ImportMissingError + 2021-04-28f893f35d9fgo/types: split out function instantiation from index expr + 2021-04-285b328c4a2fcmd/compile: use desired register only if it satisfies register mask + 2021-04-28cbb3f09047testing: add -shuffle=off|on|N to alter the execution order of tests and benchmarks + 2021-04-28e51246c881runtime: consolidate Windows time constants into single copy + 2021-04-2892c9f3a9b8cmd/go: include C/C++/Fortran compiler version in build ID + 2021-04-28becb9a278ftest: do not run fuse test in noopt mode + 2021-04-2824ea547a21cmd/link: don't pass -Wl,--dynamic-linker if -static + 2021-04-2812af403624cmd/go/internal/bug: use envcmd instead of go env + 2021-04-285c69cb2a5bcmd/go: populate module info even if an error occurs in loading package + 2021-04-2811052d77a3cmd/link: use R12 as trampoline scratch register on ARM + 2021-04-284a7effa418cmd/compile: mark R12 clobbered for special calls + 2021-04-284fe324dd0fcmd/go: make TOOLEXEC_IMPORTPATH consistent with 'go list -f {{.ImportPath}}' + 2021-04-28f68878f0fccmd/dist,runtime: support cgo on openbsd/mips64 + 2021-04-2892d1afe989cmd/compile/ssa: optimize the derivable known branch of If block + 2021-04-289726c78539cmd/asm: add check for register and shift/extension combination on arm64 + 2021-04-28f439a76253cmd/internal/obj/arm64: fix the wrong error message of out-of-range checking + 2021-04-28c9f43507c6cmd/compile: fix typechecking logical operators panic with non-boolean operand + 2021-04-27983dea90c1cmd/link: disable plugin support if cgo is disabled + 2021-04-27214c8dd80cgo/types: factor out index/slice expr handling + 2021-04-27645cb62ee3testing: document that TestMain can be used with benchmarks + 2021-04-2730002e6656cmd/go/internal/modload: treat \ as a path separator instead of a shell special character + 2021-04-27b9dfaf77f5cmd/compile/internal/walk: merge operations + 2021-04-2713e87cda00time: increase slop for TestTicker + 2021-04-27f432d3fc41cmd/compile: fix nongeneric closures in generic functions + 2021-04-278ab7064e33cmd/go: use a real Go version in the go.mod files in TestScript/mod_readonly + 2021-04-270c3557e6adsyscall: move TestForegroundSignal create call out of goroutine + 2021-04-27291eb0178fgo: various minor cleanups with the help of Goland + 2021-04-270ae9c3b98bruntime/pprof: fix block profile bias + 2021-04-278e0023b81bcmd/go/internal/load: treat packages with errors as potentially main packages + 2021-04-27bd2175e1b1cmd/go: show warnings about symlinks only for patterns containing ... + 2021-04-27222101549asyscall: restore nosplit for ptrace1 on Darwin + 2021-04-27cde6a675bcgo/scanner: optimize scanIdentifier + 2021-04-27074a49bfe8strconv: remove unused extfloat (Grisu3) ftoa code + 2021-04-2755c517a8b3cmd/compile: fix handling of ir.CurFunc during stenciling + 2021-04-27d553c0144dbits: use same expression with system bit size + 2021-04-27bc6288794dgo/scanner: improve variety in benchmarks for file scanning + 2021-04-276fa12172d9go/parser: add benchmarks for syntax-only parsing and object resolution + 2021-04-2788a8a27056os: don't check non-nil err twice in Symlink on windows + 2021-04-270b9ca4d907runtime/metrics: add tiny allocs metric + 2021-04-277d22c2181bsyscall: restore signal mask after setting foreground process group + 2021-04-2739844971fbgo/types: don't panic when checking a ListExpr in exprInternal + 2021-04-276edd573218cmd/link: enforce larger alignment on split ppc64 text sections + 2021-04-271eca6aa747cmd/internal/obj: refactor ppc64 address relocation code generation + 2021-04-27e0815d041cruntime: replace --buildmode with -buildmode in tests + 2021-04-27ca8e8317beruntime: add missing import "C" in TestLibraryCtrlHandler + 2021-04-27cb34026a95cmd/compile: tighten exportWriter.qualifiedIdent signature + 2021-04-27c249491572doc: change <a/> to </a> in spec + 2021-04-277ef0237d89cmd/go/internal/modload: clean up error reporting + 2021-04-273cc3a16029cmd/go: add tests for convergence in 'go mod tidy' + 2021-04-27434e12f772cmd/compile: add more doc for Name.Defn + 2021-04-2715105dd4b5go/types: walk all imports when determining package name ambiguity + 2021-04-2740254ec0dbcmd/compile: fix wrong package path for unsafe.Pointer + 2021-04-26903b25178esyscall: on linux use accept4 in Accept, fall back to accept + 2021-04-26be28caf0aacmd/compile/internal/types2: respect IgnoreFuncBodies for function literals + 2021-04-269f601690dacmd/compile: workaround inlining of closures with type switches + 2021-04-26a53dc4c1cecmd/go/internal/modload: use (*loadPkg).mod only to indicate the module from which the package was loaded + 2021-04-260d1280c685Revert "sync: improve sync.Pool object stealing" + 2021-04-26c430313992runtime: use abi.FuncPCABI0 for libc syscall wrappers + 2021-04-268ff1da0b81runtime: fix offset in comment + 2021-04-2614ade57ab8runtime: fix scavenge min fraction constant floor division + 2021-04-26d02026414ccmd/go: don't add generated SWIG C++ files to CompiledGoFiles + 2021-04-26d5d24dbe41sync: improve sync.Pool object stealing + 2021-04-261f7ddf57d2syscall, etc.: use abi.FuncPCABI0 for libc syscall wrappers + 2021-04-2600d42ffc89cmd/compile: spos handling fixes to improve prolog debuggability + 2021-04-2470deaa33ebcmd/compile: extend GOSSAFUNC match to well-formed package suffix match. + 2021-04-23e7db792fc5runtime: simplify TestSelectStackAdjust + 2021-04-23b8fed48a9acmd/dist: enable cgo on windows/arm64 + 2021-04-23a6d3dc40c4misc/cgo/testso, misc/cgo/testsovar: fix for Windows + 2021-04-239cc3469106all: do not test internal linking on windows/arm64 + 2021-04-238e368708c5cmd/link: implement windows/arm64 external linking + 2021-04-23bf9216055bruntime/testdata: fix testprogcgo for windows/arm64 + 2021-04-23a25d1d45d9runtime: fix windows/arm64 callbackasm1 for frame pointer hack + 2021-04-2316330817aaruntime: add windows/arm64 cgo-linking code + 2021-04-23e5a6c5243ccmd/link: force external link for windows/arm64 cgo binaries + 2021-04-2379f35130cdcmd/link: expand PE constants and fix doc URL + 2021-04-23a0248a99a8cmd/link: fix PE emitRelocations for >4GB base address + 2021-04-2359ceb985c7cmd/link: make Loader.SymName not crash + 2021-04-23199575a119cmd/link: count relocations better + 2021-04-2341e5ae4883cmd/link: deal with no constructors + 2021-04-239f7079c44ecmd/link: sort the pclntab relocations + 2021-04-23c0e1301b8ccmd/link: fix PE section attributes for windows/arm64 + 2021-04-23073f913949debug/dwarf: skip over zero-length compilation units + 2021-04-23cef3a442eacmd/asm, cmd/link: use full objabi header + 2021-04-2319470dc535misc/cgo/test: do not redeclare exported Go functions + 2021-04-231421516973cmd/compile, internal/abi: add FuncPCABIxxx intrinsics + 2021-04-23691e1b84c1cmd/compile: generalize fix for lvalue-init evaluation + 2021-04-23768a39975dcmd/go/internal/modload: remove the addedModuleFor map + 2021-04-23c3e2ed711ccmd/go: use builtin version and reexec for env + 2021-04-23d2f96f2f75math/rand: make the security warning clearer and more prominent + 2021-04-238c66669764cmd/compile: make sure ascompatee walk lhs init statements + 2021-04-23d4bfe00615cmd/go: make build cache tag sensitive to GOSSADIR; remove unused + 2021-04-23bedfeed54aruntime,runtime/metrics: add metric to track scheduling latencies + 2021-04-23105a6e9518os: skip TestExecutableDeleted on aix + 2021-04-235963f0a332cmd/vendor: get golang.org/x/tools@f946a157eef + 2021-04-23d310b2a6b8cmd/compile: set correct Defn for inlined vars + 2021-04-231b0a031680cmd/compile: escape "go" wrapper closure everywhere + 2021-04-23cfac62a1cccmd/compile: fix bug in defer wrapping + 2021-04-2314056d0d00cmd/compile/internal/types2: add unsafe.Add and unsafe.Slice + 2021-04-23050b408dccgo/types: implement unsafe.Add and unsafe.Slice + 2021-04-221da05eb0cespec: add unsafe.Add and unsafe.Slice + 2021-04-2274059685fdgo/types: suppress index-out-of-bounds error on Unknown constants + 2021-04-22f7afdfd483go/types: cleanup and fix Checker.index + 2021-04-22cfe5d79c5cos: depend on Readlink only when necessary + 2021-04-22ecfce58965runtime: skip work recheck for non-spinning Ms + 2021-04-22b6ff3c69d5cmd/link: support more load commands on Mach-O + 2021-04-221a5665533bcmd/go/internal/modload: migrate editBuildList to use a structured requirement graph + 2021-04-229c1b769d5fcmd/go: add a source file in the multiple-paths module in TestScript/mod_tidy_replace + 2021-04-22537cde0b4bcmd/compile, runtime: add metadata for argument printing in traceback + 2021-04-22d4aa72002ecmd/asm: fix RLDCR const1,reg,const2,reg on ppc64 + 2021-04-22e8666abd98cmd/compile: keep call's args in elim dead auto pass + 2021-04-22d3853fb4e6runtime: call cgocallbackg indirectly + 2021-04-22d5b2d809b0cmd/link: emit LC_BUILD_VERSION on Mach-O + 2021-04-22b2a032add8cmd/link: update machoPlatform selection + 2021-04-22a4f3ff2205cmd/go: update TestScript/mod_convert + 2021-04-2214a18b7d25cmd/compile/internal/types2: move a handful of tests + 2021-04-22a71528ad31cmd/compile/internal/types2: review fixedbugs tests + 2021-04-22ece5935364cmd/compile/internal/types2: better errors for invalid short var decls + 2021-04-2248b368b01fcmd/compile/internal/types2: avoid follow-on errors for invalid [...] array + 2021-04-22617a83ec68go/types: re-enable a commented out test + 2021-04-22f0a8101d34go/types: combine two loops (cleanup of TODO) + 2021-04-225daefc5363cmd/internal/obj/arm64: fix the wrong ROR operator of some instructions + 2021-04-220636d88f6dcmd/compile: add restrictions on the shift amount range of arm64 various instructions + 2021-04-2202a8e83661runtime: don't run TestCrashDumpsAllThreads in parallel + 2021-04-217bedd47798go/types: combine all type inference in a single function + 2021-04-216639bb894druntime: call nanotimeQPC from nanotime1 normally + 2021-04-217e97e4e8ccsyscall: syscall.AllThreadsSyscall signal handling fixes + 2021-04-2154af9fd9e6internal/bytealg: add power9 version of bytes index + 2021-04-21122fca49f9go/types: simplify Checker.Call + 2021-04-211d2101116fnet: don't check nil err twice in interfaceMessages on freebsd + 2021-04-21614a9c2613go/types: simplify Checker.funcInst + 2021-04-2139785912b9go/types: add sizeof test + 2021-04-21255056395etest: add a field tracking test + 2021-04-2135806efda2io/fs: document that caller can modify slice returned by ReadFile + 2021-04-21b8a359d984cmd/compile/internal/types2: fix incorrect result type of Checker.index + 2021-04-21f9e2dbbfc9syscall: use libc in Exec on openbsd/arm64 + 2021-04-21e5bc4f2a77cmd/compile: reenable name preservation on copies in expand_calls + 2021-04-21daee726a0bcmd/compile: don't accumulate duplicated named slots + 2021-04-214d56576ec0runtime: move timer recheck after GC recheck + 2021-04-21381252f312cmd/go/internal/modload: use updateRequirements instead of editRequirements to add modules for missing packages + 2021-04-215f1df260a9cmd/compile: allow export/import OSLICE2ARRPTR + 2021-04-217735ec96c1cmd/compile: remove ir.OSTMTEXPR op + 2021-04-21acf1b46de5cmd/compile: update ir.Node ops comments + 2021-04-21f53c2fac46cmd/go/internal/modload: in newRequirements, verify that rootModules is sorted + 2021-04-2169c94ad55fcmd/go/internal/modload: split updateRoots into separate functions for updating and tidying + 2021-04-2181fcb18df5cmd/go: make Tidy an option in PackageOpts rather than a separate call + 2021-04-21c33ced6d8aruntime: don't test sig.inuse in sigsend + 2021-04-21190cb937f7cmd/compile/internal/types2: fix type inference + 2021-04-21760d3b2a16reflect: allow conversion from slice to array ptr + 2021-04-21c18744377ago/types: allow conversion from slice to array ptr + 2021-04-21faa4fa1a6ecmd/compile: allow conversion from slice to array ptr + 2021-04-201c268431f4spec: allow conversion from slice to array ptr + 2021-04-20e12b0afa54cmd/compile: separate out parameter and field export encoding + 2021-04-2048e3d92454Revert "runtime: implement runqdrain() for GC mark worker goroutines" + 2021-04-20c7d708e42ecmd/compile: pass struct field note information along in exported info + 2021-04-20f448cb8ba8cmd/compile: use f.Nname.Type() in makeABIWrapper + 2021-04-2057b0d838ednet: pass MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC in ReadMsgUnix on dragonfly, netbsd and openbsd + 2021-04-203f8e64878ainternal/poll, net: fix comments regarding accept and sysSocket + 2021-04-20dbade774c3runtime: refactor findrunnable spinning recheck + 2021-04-207473a6a0ebreflect: fix stack overflow panic when using haveIdenticalUnderlyingType + 2021-04-20fbb600b283runtime: implement runqdrain() for GC mark worker goroutines + 2021-04-2077860ad280cmd/compile: guard partially live arg spilling with number of registers + 2021-04-20109d7580a5cmd/compile: disable name preservation on copies in expand_calls + 2021-04-2060ab197bc2runtime: refactor work stealing to dedicated function + 2021-04-209dd71ba913internal/buildcfg: enable regabiargs by default + 2021-04-2024875e3880cmd/compile/internal/types2: fix some typos in rawLookupFieldOrMethod + 2021-04-204ce49b4a15go/types: support type parameters in NewMethodSet + 2021-04-20af8a176e91internal/buildcfg: enable regabidefer by default + 2021-04-203ff6ff7f84cmd/compile: preserve pointerness when creating map key temp + 2021-04-20fe26dfadc3net: use syscall.fcntl on libc systems + 2021-04-200ccdcb2102runtime: crash the GC when clobberdead pointer is seen + 2021-04-204f5aec4603all: remove redundant spaces before . and , + 2021-04-209f87943424go/types: fix panic when using multiple type arguments + 2021-04-193711ea0b5dcmd/compile: do not clobber arguments for reflect.callReflect and callMethod's ABI wrappers + 2021-04-19b3a5640397go/types: remove the concept of finals + 2021-04-1962cad233a6go/types: remove stale commented-out testdata + 2021-04-197252e1e5b6cmd/link: convert -I foo to -Wl,--dynamic-linker,foo when externally linking + 2021-04-1988655480f3internal/buildcfg: enable regabireflect by default + 2021-04-19bc5de81e70testing: remove data races so that parallel benchmarks can safely call .Fatal* and .Skip* + 2021-04-19e97d8eb027net: pass MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC flag in ReadMsgUnix + 2021-04-19bbb510ccc9internal/buildcfg: enable regabig by default + 2021-04-19f8892147bdruntime: open up space for callee's arg spill slot in mcall (regabi version) + 2021-04-195780ab4f60text/template/parse: add a mode to skip func-check on parsing + 2021-04-196b8e3e2d06cmd/compile: reduce redundant register moves for regabi calls + 2021-04-19b21e739f87test: add test for CL 310589 + 2021-04-19a9c244a849test: add liveness test for regabi + 2021-04-19a72622d028cmd/compile: skip "_" function in reflectdata.MarkUsedIfaceMethod + 2021-04-19c914e6160dcmd/go: drop GOEXPERIMENT in script tests + 2021-04-184efd581383archive/zip: fix imports block of biggestZipBytes generator + 2021-04-17fd3612e433internal/buildcfg: enable regabiwrappers by default + 2021-04-1643466399cbinternal/buildcfg: make regabi enable regabiargs + 2021-04-16067bad2eefruntime: update stale comment + 2021-04-1614dbd6e776internal/buildcfg: make regabi an alias for regabi sub-experiments + 2021-04-1694817890c2runtime: remove useless nFlushCacheRoots + 2021-04-16b05903a9f6cmd/link: fix defaultGOROOT package + 2021-04-16b65f8589e8cmd/dist: defend self against misc/reboot test + 2021-04-1602a2ff47efgo/parser: add a SkipObjectResolution mode to bypass object resolution + 2021-04-16b91f8a4c0bgo/scanner: fix a typo in scanner_test.go + 2021-04-169e8a312b71go/parser: move type params in scope for the function signature + 2021-04-1613368ab56aruntime: clarify which work needs spinning coordination + 2021-04-16800fb11efbruntime: remove redudant tryWakeP component + 2021-04-16f6e7fe2711runtime: move findrunnable timer delay computation closer to use + 2021-04-169fbcba6664cmd/compile: in clobberdead mode, don't clobber slots that are live for defers + 2021-04-164fb74e0555reflect: preserve ctxt across moveMakeFuncArgPtrs + 2021-04-16b6e1c33603cmd/compile: spill all the parameters around morestack + 2021-04-16fff236e659net/http/fcgi: eliminate race, keep request id until end of stdin + 2021-04-16ef57834360crypto/tls: fix flaky handshake cancellation tests + 2021-04-16dba89283adcmd/go, go/build: add ToolTags to build.Default + 2021-04-1695ed5c3800internal/buildcfg: move build configuration out of cmd/internal/objabi + 2021-04-162fc0ebb623cmd/go/internal/modload: when outside a module, set cfg.BuildMod based on allowMissingModuleImports + 2021-04-16c1e8a9a8c6net/http/cgi: Remove hard-coded ServeHTTP timeout + 2021-04-16492eb059f9cmd/go: fix mod_install_pkg_version + 2021-04-1660abe01321cmd/link: fix file-local checks in xcoff + 2021-04-16acb189ea59net/http: make ReadRequest return an error when requests have multiple Host headers + 2021-04-162f0e5bf907net/http: using errors.Is in fs error detection + 2021-04-16abbb82957dcmd/compile: don't insert VarDef for already-initialized results + 2021-04-1604e1176fd2cmd/go: support 'go run cmd@version' + 2021-04-16639cb1b629runtime: mark stdcallN functions cgo_unsafe_args + 2021-04-160613c748e8cmd/go: move 'go install cmd@version' code into internal/load + 2021-04-16dc76c47565cmd/go/internal/load: convert two global flags to an options struct + 2021-04-16cde92846e2doc: add release note for module deprecation + 2021-04-1652df9291aatest/abi: reenable test on windows + 2021-04-16c692f752b5cmd/link/internal/ld: re-enable tests on darwin + 2021-04-16e1f4feb3d6cmd/link/internal/ld: fix GOARCH in TestAbstractOriginSanityIssue25459 + 2021-04-16d26fc68aa1cmd/internal/objabi,test: use correct GOEXPERIMENT build tags in test/run.go + 2021-04-16cf2396c70einternal/goexperiment: move baseline configuration to objabi + 2021-04-16f08c552dabnet/http: add to deadlines only when positive + 2021-04-16bdddfd10ecruntime: improve synchronization in TestFinalizerRegisterABI + 2021-04-15c8fb0ec5a0cmd/compile: fix ANDI/SRWI merge on ppc64 + 2021-04-15699a7c0fe9cmd/go/internal/modconv: involve GOPROXY in ConvertLegacyConfig + 2021-04-157ed6d1f2fbcmd/compile/internal/types2: add sizeof test + 2021-04-15a63ff398d5cmd/compile/internal/syntax: fix error message for ... without type + 2021-04-15ddd8d7c0a6cmd/internal/obj: consolidate AMOVW and AMOVWZ optab entries + 2021-04-158009a81f7abytes: add asm implementation for index on ppc64x + 2021-04-155631c4b3bfnet/http: allow multiple dials in TestTransportMaxConnsPerHost + 2021-04-151d20a362d0math: avoid assembly stubs + 2021-04-1531e12b953acmd/link: issue error if elf header overruns + 2021-04-157ad496b6f5runtime: unify C->Go ABI transitions + 2021-04-15dba2eab826runtime,runtime/cgo: save all necessary registers on entry to Go on Windows + 2021-04-153e0b1cdb5druntime: minor refactoring of _rt0_amd64_lib + 2021-04-15b1c4cc5589mime: keep builtinTypesLower sorted alphabetically + 2021-04-1561a08fc6cestrconv: Implement Ryū algorithm for ftoa shortest mode + 2021-04-150184b445c0strconv: implement Ryū-like algorithm for fixed precision ftoa + 2021-04-158f4c5068e0internal/bytealg: port more performance-critical functions to ABIInternal + 2021-04-1548b7432e3fcmd/internal/obj/arm64: fix the wrong sp dst register of ADDS/SUBS instructions + 2021-04-15566a87c16btime: add missing "os" import to zoneinfo_test.go + 2021-04-15083a26c7d2cmd/compile: propagate pragmas from generic function to stenciled implementation + 2021-04-15bf634c76b2cmd/compile: look for function in instantiations in all global assignments + 2021-04-14567a9322admime: add mime type for avif image file format + 2021-04-14d27bb8ba2ego/build: replace os.Setenv with T.Setenv + 2021-04-14f18715c18ftime: replace os.Setenv with T.Setenv + 2021-04-14c3931ab1b7net/http/httptest: panic on non-3 digit (XXX) status code in Recorder.WriteHeader + 2021-04-14cbf9caaf22cmd/go: add a Go source file in TestScript/mod_sumdb + 2021-04-1423f8c203f0cmd/compile: rework/reduce partially lived argument spilling + 2021-04-141a8f0a7961runtime: fix data race in abi finalizer test + 2021-04-14a89ace106fruntime: update debug call protocol for register ABI + 2021-04-14de7a87ef06go/internal/gccgoimporter: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-14d1f8104b58time: move slim test tzdata to testdata directory + 2021-04-14b161b57c3fgo/build: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-14892cad7a9bcmd/compile/internal/types2: add Named.SetTParams and Named.Orig methods + 2021-04-14283f9fdbd3cmd/dist: add tests using the typeparams build tag + 2021-04-14bcbde83c20go/ast: fix broken build with typeparams build constraint + 2021-04-14492faaeda8os/exec: replace os.Setenv with T.Setenv + 2021-04-144df3d0e4dfcmd/compile: rescue stmt boundaries from OpArgXXXReg and OpSelectN. + 2021-04-144480c822bacmd/internal/obj: don't emit args_stackmap for ABIInternal asm funcs + 2021-04-1425b25a9ed7cmd/asm: require NOSPLIT for ABIInternal asm functions + 2021-04-14ef36e4fd0ereflect: keep pointer register results alive in callMethod + 2021-04-14ad44dfb0fdcmd/go: clarify comment on HashSeed + 2021-04-14c98026c104cmd/go/internal/modload: fix truncated error message from goModDirtyError + 2021-04-1472483de87aruntime: incorporate hbits advancement in scanobject into loop + 2021-04-147ec7a3cf33runtime: make gcEffectiveGrowthRatio a method on gcControllerState + 2021-04-14e9cc31e736runtime: pass work.userForced to gcController.endCycle explicitly + 2021-04-143eaf75c13aruntime: move next_gc and last_next_gc into gcControllerState + 2021-04-14e224787fefruntime: fix formatting of gcMark + 2021-04-1482e4a6310bruntime: move roots' bases calculation to gcMarkRootPrepare + 2021-04-14ab02cbd29fruntime: increase maxargs to avoid syscall18 crash when called with more than 16 args + 2021-04-1458fdac04e4syscall: don't defer close raw Socketpair fds in tests + 2021-04-146d8ba77896cmd/compile: fix importing of method expressions + 2021-04-14e7ab1a5ba8runtime: create setGCPercent method for gcControllerState + 2021-04-149bce7b70fdruntime: create initializer for gcControllerState + 2021-04-142d4ba2601bruntime: move gcPercent and heapMinimum into gcControllerState + 2021-04-14728e3dc6f9runtime: make gcSetTriggerRatio a method of gcControllerState + 2021-04-14eb433ed5a2cmd/compile: set types properly for imported funcs with closures + 2021-04-148dcc071063cmd/compile/internal/types2: use a global atomic counter for type parameter ids + 2021-04-1334620364cbruntime, cgo/test: improve debugging output + 2021-04-13f2d5bd1ad3runtime: move internal GC statistics from memstats to gcController + 2021-04-138c2a8b1771cmd/compile: always zero the temporary in mapKeyTemp + 2021-04-13b4881d930acmd/compile: don't modify underlying type when creating bitmap for bodyless function + 2021-04-13efaf75a216go/*,cmd/gofmt: guard AST changes with the typeparams build tag + 2021-04-13693859542eruntime: rename gcpercent, readgogc, and heapminimum to match Go style + 2021-04-13f5f7647107runtime: break out GC pacer into its own file + 2021-04-139913f821e2cmd/compile: make map functions ABI insensitive + 2021-04-13c19759aa48runtime: eliminate externalthreadhandler + 2021-04-13e69f02265cruntime: use newm for profileloop + 2021-04-13e512bc2cf0runtime: use compileCallback for ctrlhandler + 2021-04-13069983e5dbarchive/tar: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-133bf645a633cmd/link: force external linking for DragonFly cgo programs + 2021-04-1369262d4871cmd/compile,cmd/link: resolve cgo symbols to the correct Go ABI + 2021-04-1348531da9e7cmd/link: build dynexp symbol list directly + 2021-04-13007e247af1cmd/link: move cgo export map from loadcgo to setCgoAttr + 2021-04-136208b10d1ecmd/link: refactor setCgoAttr + 2021-04-1310f883deb7cmd/cgo: document generated cgo directives + 2021-04-137b19fb1d56mime: in globs2 file only keep first time extension is seen + 2021-04-1339dd96ca5acmd/compile/internal/types: add example test for type inference + 2021-04-134b00eb7af4cmd/compile: allow OpArgXXXReg comes before LoweredGetClosurePtr + 2021-04-13444d28295btest: make codegen/memops.go work with both ABIs + 2021-04-1313a4e8c41call: simplify the spelling of Linux + 2021-04-133e5bba0a44cmd/link: support 32b TLS_LE offsets on PPC64 + 2021-04-13d948b8633dcmd/go: fix 'go help mod edit' JSON documentation + 2021-04-1249e933fc57cmd/compile: make interface conversion function selection ABI insensitive + 2021-04-12841bc14216os: restore testErrNotExist's working directory on os.Chdir success + 2021-04-12263e13d1f7test: make codegen tests work with both ABIs + 2021-04-123d5e3a15f6debug/pe: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-12c27991bf5btext/template: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-12cccd3ba912internal/execabs: replace ioutil.WriteFile with os.WriteFile + 2021-04-12aad13cbb74runtime: non-strict InlTreeIndex lookup in expandFinalInlineFrame + 2021-04-125c9b6e8e63net: never probe IPv4 map support on DragonFly BSD, OpenBSD + 2021-04-123e8ba91275mime: support reading shared mime-info database on unix systems + 2021-04-121b736b3c19runtime: consolidate "is sweep done" conditions + 2021-04-12a25a77aed2runtime: block sweep completion on all sweep paths + 2021-04-1207b2fee460cmd/link: fix TestLargeText + 2021-04-12849dba07a5runtime: port performance-critical functions to regabi + 2021-04-12865d2bc78ecmd/compile: do not allocate space for unspilled in-register results + 2021-04-128b859be9c3internal/poll: ensure that newPoolPipe doesn't return a nil pointer + 2021-04-122fa7163b06cmd/compile: look for newobject in register ABI for write barrier elision + 2021-04-125d80f8a82bruntime: replace outdated documentation link in Windows' nanotime + 2021-04-1233d99905dacmd/compile: preserve name association when eliding copies in expand_calls + 2021-04-1270ed28e5f7cmd/compile: support memmove inlining with register args + 2021-04-12585b52261cruntime: remove deferreturn dummy argument + 2021-04-129ed0e32059test: consider default GOEXPERIMENT when matching build tags + 2021-04-1251a47b7ff2cmd/go: display helpful error when module cache can't be created + 2021-04-12117b1c84d3cmd/go/internal/work: remove '_test' from import paths in stacktraces when -trimpath is specified + 2021-04-12c26f954a54cmd/compile/internal/amd64: follow-on regabi fix for amd64 zerorange + 2021-04-1216cd770e06cmd/cgo: throw if C.malloc returns NULL in C.CString or C.CBytes + 2021-04-12954bd8203bcmd/cgo: use tabs to indent _cgoPREFIX_Cfunc__CMalloc function body + 2021-04-12e12abe4bd6net: fix (*ipStackCapabilities).probe godoc + 2021-04-127beb988a3bruntime: using wyhash for memhashFallback on 64bit platform + 2021-04-12424abc8d3bos/signal: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-110da9eff503runtime: simplify syntax for pointer arithmetic in mapaccess functions + 2021-04-11352d329c44runtime: move zero-sized frame check from newproc to newproc1 + 2021-04-11189c6946f5net: reference the correct RFCs and sections for IP.IsPrivate + 2021-04-103f4977bd58cmd/compile/internal/types2: use combined type and ordinary args for type inference + 2021-04-10a6d95b4508cmd/compile/internal/types2: split out function instantiation from index expr + 2021-04-1036c5f902f9cmd/compile/internal/types2: factor out index/slice expr handling + 2021-04-104638545d85cmd/compile/internal/syntax: accept "~" and "|" interface elements + 2021-04-101129a60f1ccmd/compile: include typecheck information in export/import + 2021-04-1011f159456bpath/filepath: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-106382ec1abainternal/poll: fix the intermittent build failures with pipe pool + 2021-04-1052bf14e0e8all: fix spellings + 2021-04-09554d2c4f06reflect: panic on New of go:notinheap type + 2021-04-095305bdedb0test: do not run (another) softfloat test with regabiargs + 2021-04-09281d168e2dcmd/compile: don't set Ntype in noder2 anymore + 2021-04-09756e2b1529cmd/internal/objabi: make GOEXPERIMENT=none mean "no experiment flags" + 2021-04-09c3faff7f2dcmd/go/internal/modload: change mvsReqs to store roots instead of a full build list + 2021-04-09814c5ff138cmd/go: support module deprecation + 2021-04-09952187af12cmd/go: upgrade and vendor golang.org/x/mod + 2021-04-09fcf8a6640bcmd/compile/abi-internal: declare R14 completely fixed + 2021-04-090ad46889a1cmd/compile/abi-internal: declare X15 scratch in function bodies + 2021-04-092698be4905runtime: use sigpanic0 on all OSes + 2021-04-09d11968012ctest/abi: disable test with old-style build tag known to run.go + 2021-04-096951da56b0Revert "cmd/compile: ensure spills of int/float reg args land in abi slots" + 2021-04-0977b3269fb5cmd/go: in TestScript, set GOTRACEBACK and use SIGQUIT to terminate hung subprocesses + 2021-04-09a690a5d75fcmd/compile: ensure spills of int/float reg args land in abi slots + 2021-04-09d138ee2cfbtest/abi: disable test on windows for now + 2021-04-09dcc801ef81cmd/go/internal/modload: actually set the depth field passed to newRequirements + 2021-04-09c432917061cmd/link: link libgcc archive after mingw archives + 2021-04-09519f223aa2cmd/compile: reduce overhead of RParams in types.Type + 2021-04-094d7d7a4c50os: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-098518aac314crypto/x509: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-09d25c4fbe05test: do not run softfloat test with regabiargs + 2021-04-0919034fa855cmd/objdump: update test with register ABI + 2021-04-085811605df9cmd/go: fix mod_list_update_nolatest on windows + 2021-04-08d67e739989os/exec: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-08ec367e5b05cmd/compile: adjust interface conversion function selection with 0-sized fields + 2021-04-086c98ecda10cmd/compile: don't use fast32/64 map functions for aggregates + 2021-04-08a9e475a15acmd/compile: add recursive-invalidate Value method, use in expand_calls + 2021-04-087e583806d8runtime/cgo: clarify Handle documentation + 2021-04-08bb76193a7fcmd/compile: fix buglet in walk convert phase relating to convF32/64 + 2021-04-08793844207dcmd/go: strip GOEXPERIMENT from hash salt + 2021-04-0898dd205fa4runtime: see whether gp==nil before checking preemption state + 2021-04-0846ffbec1d6cmd/compile: break out transformations of tcCompLit into transformCompLit + 2021-04-08ecca94a7d1cmd/go/internal/modload: add a dormant depth type + 2021-04-0896a6745088runtime: use register ABI in panicIndex/Slice functions + 2021-04-08ca8540affdcmd/compile: fix buglet in walk convert phase relating to convT64 + 2021-04-08d474b6c824test/abi: clean up test to fix builders + 2021-04-0823e1d36a87cmd/go: in 'go list -m', ignore "not found" errors loading updates + 2021-04-080e09e4143ecmd/go: assume Go 1.16 semantics uniformly for unversioned modules + 2021-04-0831d2556273runtime: set up read-only dummy TLS space for needm on Windows + 2021-04-08283b02063bcmd/compile: sanitize before/after expansion OpSelectN references + 2021-04-081be8be4acccmd/go: fix TestNewReleaseRebuildsStalePackagesInGOPATH + 2021-04-08912c4e29d3reflect: fix typo in result-in-registers case + 2021-04-081749f3915esync: update misleading comment in map.go about entry type + 2021-04-08a7e16abb22runtime: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-082123dfba65Revert "cmd/compile/internal/noder: limit the number of goroutine" + 2021-04-088752454ececmd/internal/objabi: clarify initialization of Experiments + 2021-04-085159c83641runtime,cmd/link: include GOEXPERIMENTs in runtime.Version(), "go version X" + 2021-04-08a8e55538afcmd/internal/objabi: make GOEXPERIMENT be a diff from default experiments + 2021-04-0889ca1ce9a8cmd/compile,cmd/internal/objabi: abstract out object header string + 2021-04-08b675e52e95internal/goexperiment: consolidate experiment-enabled constants + 2021-04-086304b401e4internal/goexperiment,cmd: consolidate GOEXPERIMENTs into a new package + 2021-04-080c4a08cb74cmd/asm,runtime: reduce spellings of GOEXPERIMENTs + 2021-04-08aeaa4519b5runtime: drop haveexperiment, sys.GOEXPERIMENT + 2021-04-07f60aa7a18csyscall: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-07fca51ba24acmd/internal/obj: remove ppc64 msr support from MOV* insns + 2021-04-07e306d06063runtime/map: update comment for gc/reflect + 2021-04-07b3064b66d0cmd/compile/internal/types2: combine two loops (cleanup of TODO) + 2021-04-074520da486bcmd/pack: use testing.T.TempDir in tests + 2021-04-07b55d900529cmd/compile: correct argument area size for typedmemmove/typedmemclr + 2021-04-07d6aa162f30embed, testing/fstest: small optimization for ReadDir + 2021-04-075d5f779db4net/http: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-074bbe046aadcmd/compile/internal/syntax: add "~" operator + 2021-04-07836356bdaacmd/compile/internal/types2: process errors in src order during testing + 2021-04-078f1099b585cmd/compile/internal/syntax, types2: move cmpPos to pos.Cmp + 2021-04-071395432f23cmd/compile/internal/types2: remove Config.AcceptMethodTypeParams flag + 2021-04-077d5c54eee4cmd/compile/internal/types2: remove Config.InferFromConstraints flag + 2021-04-07bce85b7011cmd/compile/internal/types2: combine all type inference in a single function + 2021-04-078462169b5acmd/compile: pre-spill pointers in aggregate-typed register args + 2021-04-078d77e45064cmd/compile: fix bug of conditional instructions on arm64 + 2021-04-06972e883925runtime/cgo: add Handle for managing (c)go pointers + 2021-04-06b084073b53reflect: refactor funcLayout tests + 2021-04-060a510478b0runtime: use register ABI for race detector functions + 2021-04-067da8490cbbpath/filepath: replace os.MkdirTemp with T.TempDir + 2021-04-060bc4605eadcmd/go/internal/modload: track conflicts in versionLimiter + 2021-04-06b56177a303cmd/compile: check for unused OpArg* and mark invalid (again) + 2021-04-06f5efa5a313cmd/compile: load results into registers on open defer return path + 2021-04-06bcc4422ee1runtime: deflake TestGCTestIsReachable + 2021-04-061271e9a9cctime: properly quote strings containing quotes and backslashes + 2021-04-062e6f39beb0cmd/go/internal/modload: factor out a method to update loader requirements + 2021-04-06d6a90d06d2cmd/compile/internal/types2: simplify Checker.Call + 2021-04-063a30381b21cmd/compile/internal/types2: simplify Checker.funcInst + 2021-04-0693466cc1b6cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of pos.go and move into syntax package + 2021-04-06d57189e92btest/syntax: remove interface.go + 2021-04-0655bac87bd6runtime/pprof: deflake TestMorestack + 2021-04-06b345a306a0cmd/compile: when GOSSAFUNC is set, dump the current pass on crash + 2021-04-06939b561a6ecmd/internal/obj: reorg ppc64 MOV* optab entries and remove unused classes + 2021-04-065cd8a34495cmd/compile: fix gcSizes.Sizeof for a zero-sized struct + 2021-04-0684162b8832cmd/compile/internal/typecheck: call tcConv directly + 2021-04-06a25c584629os: implement fs.StatFS for os.DirFS + 2021-04-06d8306ee1f9runtime: make reflectcall ABI0 on amd64 + 2021-04-06298975c634runtime: use funcID to identify abort in isAbortPC + 2021-04-05b2389ad3cecmd/compile: fix for zerorange on plan9-amd64 + 2021-04-05d446cb7cffreflect: call ABI0 callReflect/callMethod + 2021-04-050723f062ffcmd/compile: enable panic+recover adjustment for some ABI wrappers + 2021-04-0579b2e14b1acrypto/ed25519: add comprehensive edge-case test vectors + 2021-04-0527015152ecflag: use strings.Builder instead of concatenating strings + 2021-04-05ee40bb666bcmd/compile: add "surprised by IData of Arg" case for register args + 2021-04-05254fb85c12cmd/go: print deprecation notice for 'go get cmd' + 2021-04-05d5b9dc1317cmd/cgo: pass end position info for C function arguments. + 2021-04-05e985245cd5net: make ErrClosed and ParseError implement net.Error + 2021-04-05a1a45afd4acmd/internal/obj: remove duplicate ppc64 spr MOV* optab entries + 2021-04-05a11244e95etime: use offset and isDST when caching zone from extend string + 2021-04-05cf148f3d46cmd/compile, runtime: use ABI-aware function converting float to interface + 2021-04-05a040ebeb98all: update references to symbols moved from io/ioutil to io + 2021-04-059abedf4827cmd/compile/internal/ssagen: conditon not need + 2021-04-055cc5576a9ccmd/compile: untangle Wrapper and ABIWrapper flags + 2021-04-0545e87cd3eccmd/compile: disable tail call for method wrappers when RegabiArgs is enabled + 2021-04-05411860251ecmd/compile: reference ABIInternal memequal_varlen + 2021-04-05e617b2b0ddcmd/compile: add a debug flag to enable/disable open-coded defers + 2021-04-05dcf85b30bacmd/link: mangle function name with ABI on Mach-O + 2021-04-059e3328e740cmd/internal/objabi: remove StackPreempt + 2021-04-05191167c2b2cmd/internal/obj/s390x: simplify huge frame prologue + 2021-04-05042f4cbb6fcmd/internal/obj/riscv: simplify huge frame prologue + 2021-04-05a06b08e7d1cmd/internal/obj/ppc64: simplify huge frame prologue + 2021-04-052b63404ddbcmd/internal/obj/mips: simplify huge frame prologue + 2021-04-054702dd67a7cmd/internal/obj/arm64: simplify huge frame prologue + 2021-04-0524dd8cfe23cmd/internal/obj/arm: simplify huge frame prologue + 2021-04-05ef3122e909cmd/internal/obj/x86: simplify huge frame prologue + 2021-04-05af1789a61cruntime: extend internal atomics to comply with sync/atomic + 2021-04-05a4b8241d97cmd/compile: get rid of Fields in types.Interface, use allMethods in types.Type instead + 2021-04-056ed045b365cmd/go: refactor modload.CheckRetractions + 2021-04-05ee51e3d895cmd/go: refactor modload.ListModules to accept bit flags + 2021-04-044230a6ebddos: don't use T.Cleanup in TestRemoveAllLongPath + 2021-04-047bfd681c2fruntime/pprof: skip tests for AIX + 2021-04-04776d8d387cos, path/filepath: use T.Cleanup to restore the original working directory + 2021-04-039e7bc80b31os: reuse readdir buffers on unix with a sync.Pool + 2021-04-03dac136f87barchive/zip: fix character device handling in fileModeToUnixMode + 2021-04-03971c7154b0io/fs: implement subFS.Sub + 2021-04-036986c02d72cmd/compile: rename newNamedTypeWithSym, add some commemnts + 2021-04-03fe587ce856cmd/dist: include "go1.x-" in devel go version strings + 2021-04-0301821137c2cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of errors.go + 2021-04-0393dcaba119cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of stmt.go + 2021-04-03a1e4657d5acmd/compile/internal/types2: review of check_test.go + 2021-04-036454b2720fcmd/compile/internal/types2: review of resolver.go + 2021-04-022ebe77a2fdcmd/internal/obj: use REGENTRYTMP* in a few more places + 2021-04-02f25d78f8e2testing: clarify when Cleanup is called + 2021-04-0235a8bbc9earuntime: make concatstring{2,3,4,5} consistent w/ compiler's use + 2021-04-0241cf18eda7reflect: fix methodValueCall frame size on mips64 + 2021-04-0234b87b4a1areflect: remove short-circuits for zero-sized types in ABI algorithm + 2021-04-02254948a50ecmd/compile: mark unused values as invalid to prevent problems in expandCalls + 2021-04-0228c5fed557reflect: add register ABI support for makeFuncStub and methodValueCall + 2021-04-026996bae5d1cmd/compile: use ABI0 for cgo_unsafe_args functions + 2021-04-02759116b3acsyscall: delete asm_windows.s + 2021-04-022d88f8f21ego/src/cmd/go/internal/work: compile "internal/abi" with "-+" + 2021-04-023651eff74ecmd/link: delete CompilationUnit.Pkg field + 2021-04-02b165085836cmd/link: remove an unused function from linker dwarf gen + 2021-04-02a78b12aea7cmd/link: remove unnecessary attrReachable test + 2021-04-02aebc0b473ecmd/compile: fix bug in phiopt pass + 2021-04-0297b3ce430bruntime: make gcTestMoveStackOnNextCall not double the stack + 2021-04-0241e8a9f1cfruntime: fix TestGCTestMoveStackOnNextCall flakes + 2021-04-025579ee169fcmd/compile: in expand calls, preserve pointer store type but decompose aggregate args + 2021-04-0127d306281creflect,runtime: assume register ABI with GOEXPERIMENT=regabiargs + 2021-04-0151cd074c59reflect: undo register count increments on register assignment failure + 2021-04-0145ca9ef5c1cmd/compile: fix register/offset calculation for trailing empty field case. + 2021-04-01e6ac2df2b1net/url: use camelCase names + 2021-04-015f646f0a98cmd/compile: fix parameter offset calculation + 2021-04-01ec721d92bfruntime: fix uses of ABIInternal PCs in assembly + 2021-04-011f29e69badcmd/compile: fix outgoing calls with GOEXPERIMENT=regabiargs + 2021-04-013304b2235acmd/compile: fix incoming ABI with GOEXPERIMENT=regabiargs + 2021-03-3187c6fa4f47cmd/internal/obj/x86: use ABI scratch registers for WRAPPER prologue + 2021-03-315d6581d747cmd/compile: deduplicate OpArg's across types + 2021-03-314acefa07b1go/parser: switch to resolving objects as a post-processing pass + 2021-03-3144dd06670fruntime: support register ABI Go functions from Windows callbacks + 2021-03-31cb42e3e979cmd/compile: schedule in-register OpArg first + 2021-03-3146fa8afca6cmd/go/internal/load/test: parse overlay files for test functions + 2021-03-31ca3aefc4a9cmd/compile: make expandCalls preserve types of pointer stores + 2021-03-31c847932804runtime: replace reflectcall of defers with direct call + 2021-03-31135c9f45eccmd/compile/internal/types2: review of operand.go + 2021-03-3134fb2b2ed5cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of decl.go + 2021-03-310e8a72b62eruntime: check for sysAlloc failures in pageAlloc + 2021-03-31c93cd86149net/http: use consistent case in URL in names + 2021-03-311d8abb3417go/parser: remove redundant list argument to Parser.shortVarDecl + 2021-03-31152ca79b73go/parser: add resolution tests for type params + 2021-03-316d2a557a4dcmd/compile: deal with call.Use correctly for noder2, allow inlining of stenciled functions + 2021-03-31f2717b31b5cmd/compile: deal correctly with unnamed function params during stenciling + 2021-03-30606e0aba74go/ast: add missing handling for ListExpr in Walk + 2021-03-30c3ec79bca9go/parser: resolve the type name when parsing a composite lit value + 2021-03-300fdd371e6bgo/parser: add data-driven tests for object resolution + 2021-03-3064ca7e2cb3cmd/compile: avoid generating duplicated in-register Arg + 2021-03-304b1a24f3cdruntime: fix G passed to schedEnabled and cleanup + 2021-03-30e0ce0af6efruntime: check that defer/go frames are empty + 2021-03-301318fb4a32cmd/compile: handle partial type inference that doesn't require function args + 2021-03-303300390ec7cmd/compile: make amd64 version of zerorange regabi-friendly + 2021-03-30c40dc677bego/doc: avoid panic on references to functions with no body + 2021-03-306cadfe2feereflect: cache IsVariadic calls in Call + 2021-03-3043afb1a220cmd/go: fix documentation on how to create new go.mod file + 2021-03-3089b141c06ecmd/compile: emit writebarriers in specified ABI + 2021-03-30c274a7c03bcmd/compile/internal/noder: limit the number of goroutine + 2021-03-30e4a4161f1fruntime: non-strict InlTreeIndex lookup in Frames.Next + 2021-03-30a81b5e4d0acrypto/elliptic: fix some typos + 2021-03-30032ef4bbfccmd/compile: fix creation of named generic types (setting of t.nod) + 2021-03-30bb2fc21c3bruntime: fix typos in comments + 2021-03-3033945869c1cmd/compile: update default ABI choices for calls and bodyless fn stack maps + 2021-03-30eeadfa2d38cmd/compile: fix various small bugs related to type lists + 2021-03-30a95454b6f3runtime: init plan9 hashkey by time + 2021-03-3006ad41642ccmd/compile: wrap defer/go call with results + 2021-03-30e27f3966bbcmd/compile: be sure to wrap defer/go calls with arguments + 2021-03-30bd6628e62dcmd/compile: check deferred nil interface call before wrapping it + 2021-03-294e1bf8ed38runtime: add GC testing helpers for regabi signature fuzzer + 2021-03-291ef114d12cruntime: abstract specials list iteration + 2021-03-294e16422da0cmd/internal/obj/ppc64: remove bogus MOVBU optab entry + 2021-03-29164a6265e7go/types: remove use of ioutil (cleanup) + 2021-03-299fbd0f64d8runtime: fix some typos + 2021-03-2967d565d281cmd/compile: restructure ABI wrapper generation, export ABI + 2021-03-29feb844f1eacmd/compile: eliminate -abiwraplimit + 2021-03-291e8fff0f7bcmd/compile: assert that function values reference ABIInternal + 2021-03-290d1423583bcmd/compile: set ir.Name.Func in more cases + 2021-03-2933b4ffc357cmd/compile: track funcsyms by ir.Name instead of types.Sym + 2021-03-292ba296da47cmd/compile: update a few stale comments + 2021-03-2924764496c7go/types: remove outdated comment + 2021-03-291a7d921aa5cmd/compile: remove typechecker calls in varDecl() + 2021-03-292abf280a28cmd/compile/internal/types2: remove 'strict' argument from several methods + 2021-03-298f676144adcrypto/rsa: fix salt length calculation with PSSSaltLengthAuto + 2021-03-29565e70fcefcmd/link/internal/ld: use linkerFlagSupported to check -Qunused-arguments + 2021-03-296f90ee36e9math: simplify comparison in FMA when swapping p and z + 2021-03-29d10241fcf6runtime: fix some typos + 2021-03-29ba6bd967d2cmd/compile/internal/ssa: strengthen phiopt pass + 2021-03-2823ffb5b9aeruntime: overwrite existing keys for mapassign_faststr variant + 2021-03-2749dccf141ftime: add Time.Unix{Milli,Micro} and to-Time helpers UnixMicro, UnixMilli + 2021-03-272de1f42857net: clear completed Buffers to permit earlier collection + 2021-03-26359f44910fcmd/compile: fix long RMW bit operations on AMD64 + 2021-03-2698a902323fcmd/vendor, cmd/pprof: use golang.org/x/term directly + 2021-03-263a0061822ecmd/compile: add arm64 rules to optimize go codes to constant 0 + 2021-03-25b587b050cacmd/compile: add transform functions for OXDOT and builtins + 2021-03-25374b190475io/fs: implement FileInfoToDirEntry + 2021-03-2511b4aee05bcmd/compile: mark R16, R17 clobbered for non-standard calls on ARM64 + 2021-03-255834ce1dd7cmd/compile/internal/ssa: unnecessary loop break + 2021-03-25691db3737ccmd/cover: use golang.org/x/tools/cover directly + 2021-03-255cec8b85e5net/http/httptest: wait for user ConnState hooks + 2021-03-257ce361737fnet: only perform IPv4 map check for AF_INET6 sockets + 2021-03-25569c86d23bcmd/compile/internal/types2: review of importer_test.go + 2021-03-25ada77d23aecmd/compile/internal/types2: review of examples test + 2021-03-252c8692d45fcmd/compile/internal/types2: review of example_test.go + 2021-03-25ffa9983b99cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of api_test.go + 2021-03-2534ef294b76cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of lookup.go + 2021-03-250fc595ec99cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of check.go + 2021-03-2574fe516c35cmd/go: add -benchtime to cacheable test flags + 2021-03-2582a1e0f9d3cmd/link: make symbol data writable before toc fixup + 2021-03-254d66d77cd2database/sql: remove unnecessary types in composite literals + 2021-03-2553941b6150cmd/compile: fix defer desugar keepalive arg handling buglet + 2021-03-259f4d5c94b0cmd/go: emit error when listing with -f and -json + 2021-03-25402d784b8fpath/filepath: make Rel handle Windows UNC share + 2021-03-25dec3d00b28cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of stdlib_test.go + 2021-03-25ddcdbb417bcmd/compile/internal/types2: review of assignments.go + 2021-03-25607f99904ecmd/compile/internal/types2: review of api.go + 2021-03-25c69515c9fdcmd/compile/internal/types2: review of expr.go + 2021-03-254889afe8f8cmd/go/internal/load: use setLoadPackageDataError in loadImport + 2021-03-25adb037d67acmd/go: attribute direct imports from indirect dependencies to the importing package + 2021-03-25954879d6d1cmd/go/internal/modload: replace the global buildList with structured requirements + 2021-03-25a95e2ae280test: skip fixedbugs/issue36705 on Windows + 2021-03-2580157b5144crypto/x509: fix spelling error + 2021-03-25e7e0995cbacmd/compile: create/use noder2 transform functions for more node types + 2021-03-2429ed12d4c7testing: update permitted number of -race goroutines + 2021-03-24179bcd787etest: only run bug513.go if cgo is enabled + 2021-03-2463e9f6d5f0test: recognize cgo build tag + 2021-03-24dade83a588cmd/internal/moddeps: fix false positive when $TMPDIR is symlinked + 2021-03-24fef5a15396runtime: bypass ABI wrapper when calling needm on Windows + 2021-03-24771c57e68ecmd/compile: disable shortcircuit optimization for intertwined phi values + 2021-03-24fd5e0bd385cmd/link: mangle function names with ABI on PE + 2021-03-246f62f852efnet/http: fix request cancellation race + 2021-03-240e31de280fmath/big: don't require runtime.(*Frame).Next symbol present + 2021-03-24975b097307cmd/link: separate elf addend size from reloc size + 2021-03-24e8700f1ce6cmd/compile, cmd/link: use weak reference in itab + 2021-03-24747f426944cmd/internal/obj: remove bogus load/store optab entries from ppc64 + 2021-03-24d8960e65a2cmd/go: move psuedo-version and version sorting to x/mod + 2021-03-242e94401277os/exec: use testenv.SkipFlaky in TestExtraFilesFDShuffle + 2021-03-244357f71ca7cmd/compile: remove more dead code and data structures + 2021-03-2414ef2d8c01cmd/compile: fix array case in types-for-register parameter + 2021-03-2387a3ac5f53cmd/compile: don't let -race override explicit -d=checkptr=0 + 2021-03-23769d4b68efcmd/compile: wrap/desugar defer calls for register abi + 2021-03-234e27aa6cd2os/exec: simplify TestContextCancel + 2021-03-23dc289d3dcbio: fix spelling in documentation for io.Discard + 2021-03-232887ef499acmd/compile/internal/test: update abi tests for recent spec changes + 2021-03-23c59b17e5a2cmd/go: make -coverpkg=all skip test-only packages + 2021-03-2305250429aenet/http: treat MaxBytesReader's negative limits as equivalent to zero limit + 2021-03-239b78c68a15cmd/compile: remove AuxCall.results, cleanup ssagen/ssa.go + 2021-03-2353dd0d7809net: make go resolver aware of network parameter + 2021-03-23f4b918384dtest: enable fixedbugs/bug193.go for -G compiler option + 2021-03-23cd26192abago/types: remove superfluous code for shift checking + 2021-03-23e7aa0f9f28go/types, types2: add a test case for shifts that used to fail + 2021-03-238f19394b62cmd/compile/internal/types2: refactor untyped conversions + 2021-03-230265b6475fcmd/compile: replace calls to typecheck with transform functions + 2021-03-23b8371d495bruntime: support long paths without fixup on Windows 10 >= 1607 + 2021-03-23b182ba7fabcmd/compile: optimize codes with arm64 REV16 instruction + 2021-03-23d25476ebb2cmd/internal/obj/arm64: fix constant pool size calculation error + 2021-03-23c819907754cmd/{compile,link}: relocate generation of DWARF for global vars + 2021-03-221c9e587b90net: add IP.IsPrivate + 2021-03-22d9691ffa37cmd/compile/internal/walk: relocate a stray comment + 2021-03-22a93849b9e2cmd/compile: remove now-redundant AuxCall.args + 2021-03-22196c33e92dcmd/compile: fix WriteFuncMap for new ABI. + 2021-03-22ba6b8e75edos/exec: avoid flaky Wait in TestContextCancel + 2021-03-2278afca22c9runtime: fix bogus NtCurrentTeb()->TlsSlots[n] calculation on windows/arm64 + 2021-03-228fd0f83552cmd/compile/internal/ssa: correct sign extension for consts on riscv64 + 2021-03-225437b5a24bcmd/compile: disallow rewrite rules from declaring reserved names + 2021-03-22bd8b3fe5becmd/compile: make no-op rewrite funcs smaller + 2021-03-22e838c76a6ecmd/go/internal/modload: remove go116EnableNarrowAll constant + 2021-03-22d8394bfc7fcmd/internal/obj/arm64: mark functions with small stacks NOSPLIT + 2021-03-20e0fae78e1druntime: fix stack alignment for Windows amd64 lib entry + 2021-03-196ae3b70ef2cmd/compile: add clobberdeadreg mode + 2021-03-199f2a71b6e7make.bash: this change modifies Go to correctly select a dyamic linker + 2021-03-193b0d28808dcmd/go: assume Go 1.16 instead of Go 1.11 for dependencies that lack explicit 'go' directives + 2021-03-191c590661e7testing: allow parallel-subtest goroutines to exit when the subtest is complete + 2021-03-19482903150dsyscall: fix typo in exec_windows_test.go + 2021-03-19836dbdb15bruntime: mark Windows' address-taken asm routines as ABIInternal + 2021-03-194deaa6a178runtime: call nanotimeQPC from nanotime1 without a wrapper + 2021-03-19e58fb90c75net/http: make ExampleGet show StatusCode checks for non-1XX,2XX responses + 2021-03-19a937729c2cnet/http: mention NewRequestWithContext+Client.Do for custom contexts + 2021-03-19196b104bc1cmd/internal/obj/ppc64: consolidate memory classifications + 2021-03-19ed3ae9a340cmd/doc: properly display interface methods + 2021-03-199136d958abcmd/asm: complete the support for VDUP on arm64 + 2021-03-196704843202testing: update helperNames just before checking it + 2021-03-19dcc96e4b94io/ioutil: use correct Go version in redirection comments + 2021-03-1890b1ed1602cmd/compile: get untyped constants working in generic functions + 2021-03-18095ba22597cmd/internal/objabi,runtime: simplify sys.GOEXPERIMENT parsing + 2021-03-180c93b16d01cmd: move experiment flags into objabi.Experiment + 2021-03-18d3ab6b5049test: switch fieldtrack test to use GOEXPERIMENT + 2021-03-18bdbba22404reflect: add tests for reflect.Value.Call for the new ABI + 2021-03-1879d03ad739runtime/pprof: move common code to writeProfileInternal function + 2021-03-18e4253cd023cmd/link: Add section data slice to Archrelocvariant + 2021-03-18b95e4b7850go/types: minor simplification in assignableTo (cleanup) + 2021-03-18f47fab938ecmd/compile: remove unneeded calls to typecheck in noder2 + 2021-03-18eaa1ddee84all: explode GOEXPERIMENT=regabi into 5 sub-experiments + 2021-03-18c71acbfe83test: make nosplit test invariant to ABI wrappers + 2021-03-18af4388aee1cmd/internal/objabi: support boolean GOEXPERIMENTs + 2021-03-186461d74bf2cmd/dist: build bootstrap without GOEXPERIMENT + 2021-03-1806ca809410cmd/internal/objabi: centralize GOEXPERIMENT parsing + 2021-03-18b7cb92ad12cmd/go: remove renameio package and its last usage + 2021-03-18e726e2a608cmd/go: suppress errors for 'go get' of module paths that are also constrained-out packages + 2021-03-186b6ea3271fcmd/go: use the global rooted path name + 2021-03-18db4adb1a9bcmd/link: print symbol versions in stack bound check + 2021-03-189de49ae01acrypto/rsa: correct EncryptOAEP doc comment + 2021-03-18732ea4c2dcsort: add example tests for SearchFloat64s and SearchInts + 2021-03-18c2d625168fcmd/compile,cmd/internal/obj/riscv: load >32-bit constants from memory for riscv64 + 2021-03-1842c25e65f3cmd/compile: actually intrinsify runtime/internal/atomic.{And,Or}{8,} on RISCV64 + 2021-03-186517844129cmd/compile: use a single const MOV operand for riscv64 + 2021-03-18f5e6d3e879cmd/compile: add rewrite rules for conditional instructions on arm64 + 2021-03-1851e4bb236ccmd/compile/internal/types2: delay recording types of untyped operands when checking against type parameters + 2021-03-182583c1b4dfgo/types: add test case for issue #45096 + 2021-03-17f38b6428a2crypto/rand, internal/syscall/unix: add support for getentropy syscall on darwin + 2021-03-17f82ce7fb23cmd/link: improve nonexistent package error message + 2021-03-177e00049b55cmd/go: only add a 'go' directive to the main module when the go.mod file will be written + 2021-03-174313c28861cmd/cgo: check whether C compiler exists + 2021-03-17a5df88355ctime: check int64 overflow in Time.addSec + 2021-03-175423f6023ctest: add bug that failed when run with gccgo + 2021-03-178628bf9a97cmd/compile: resurrect clobberdead mode + 2021-03-170bd308ff27go/parser: avoid formatting a panic message if an assertion succeeds + 2021-03-1770d54df4f6cmd/compile: getting more built-ins to work with generics + 2021-03-172f3db220d1crypto/tls: remove flaky cancellation test + 2021-03-1772b501cb03compress/lzw: add Reset method to Reader and Writer + 2021-03-17119d76d98emath/bits: folded reverse tables by using const string + 2021-03-17a98a0a75b4os/user: make user.LookupGroupId function work for large entries + 2021-03-17a826f7dc45debug/dwarf: support DW_FORM_rnglistx aka formRnglistx + 2021-03-1763b0a0a5b8spec: fix rendering of >= + 2021-03-1768f8e1af29cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of call.go + 2021-03-167a1e963058cmd/compile, cmd/link: dynamically export writable static tmps + 2021-03-16dc1556eaefcmd/compile: update some comments + 2021-03-16c870e86329cmd/asm: when dynamic linking, reject code that uses a clobbered R15 + 2021-03-1672d98df88ecmd/go: bail out from script tests earlier when a timeout occurs + 2021-03-161824667259cmd/compile/internal/ssa: delete unused files + 2021-03-1613a0f7b502spec: clarify that signed integers>=0 are permitted as shift counts + 2021-03-16d206ca5caccmd/compile: fix open defer of method call + 2021-03-160ec2c4abbacmd/compile: (fixed) spill output parameters passed in registers as autos + 2021-03-16832a01aad4cmd/compile: deal with comparable embedded in a constraint + 2021-03-16e31e84010ecmd/asm: add rotr/drotr for mips64 + 2021-03-16bd0fc0b9c3cmd/link: preserve elf phdr flags when loading external objects + 2021-03-16860704317ecrypto/tls: add HandshakeContext method to Conn + 2021-03-160089f8b2f5cmd/go: test that 'go mod tidy' retains upgraded indirect dependencies + 2021-03-16120b9eb1c3cmd/go/internal/modload: in readonly mode, do not read go.mod files missing checksums + 2021-03-1626c32de7c9cmd/go/internal/modcmd: in 'go mod tidy', suspend go.mod writes until tidy + 2021-03-16afe517590ccmd/compile: loads from readonly globals into const for mips64x + 2021-03-16600259b099cmd/compile: use depth first topological sort algorithm for layout + 2021-03-16051bf37833cmd/compile/internal/ssa: handle more cases in fuse pass + 2021-03-1615f16706fbinternal/poll: eliminate the redundant type conversions of FD.Sysfd + 2021-03-1678f9015236runtime: using wyhash for memhashFallback on 32bit platform + 2021-03-16f02a26bed0time: support "," as separator for fractional seconds + 2021-03-15a9b3c4bd06time: add Time.IsDST() to check if its Location is in Daylight Savings Time + 2021-03-15d7cc2f1d7creflect: panic if ArrayOf is called with negative length + 2021-03-15661f3f15d5net: fix BenchmarkWriteToReadFromUDP on Windows + 2021-03-15de2b27dee7all: run gofmt + 2021-03-15e61c9ddb7fRevert "cmd/compile: spill output parameters passed in registers as autos" + 2021-03-158ed438c077cmd/compile: spill output parameters passed in registers as autos + 2021-03-1596aecdcb36cmd/compile: fix case where func-valued field of a generic type is called + 2021-03-15c236095638cmd/compile: add support for generic maps + 2021-03-15dca9c11845cmd/compile: add support for generic channels and type conversion during calls + 2021-03-15bd6aeca968runtime: prepare arenas for use incrementally + 2021-03-15a9cfd55e2bencoding/xml: replace comments inside directives with a space + 2021-03-154d014e7231encoding/xml: handle leading, trailing, or double colons in names + 2021-03-15cc4e6160a7net: use mid-stack inlining with ReadFromUDP to avoid an allocation + 2021-03-152d4042d4aball: update golang.org/x/* dependencies + 2021-03-15a8d9fb2fcdcmd/internal/moddeps: fix typo in TestAllDependencies log messages + 2021-03-15c4190fc34dcmd/compile: remove ARMv5 special case in register allocator + 2021-03-158ac6544564bytes: correct tense in comment + 2021-03-150f4bb9627ecmd/compile: fix outdated comment + 2021-03-157bfe32f39ccmd/internal/obj: reorder ppc64 MOV* optab entries + 2021-03-154350e4961acrypto/md5: improve ppc64x performance + 2021-03-156ccb5c49cccmd/link/internal/ld: fix typo in a comment + 2021-03-14d0d38f0f70cmd/compile: fix whitespace in comment + 2021-03-143cdd5c3bcccmd/link: regression test for issue #42484 + 2021-03-14a8b59fe3cdencoding/json: fix package shadowing in MarshalIndent example + 2021-03-14061a6903a2all: add internal/itoa package + 2021-03-1488b8a16089cmd/cover: replace code using optimized golang.org/x/tools/cover + 2021-03-137936efecc8net/http: revert change from CL 299109 breaking TestAllDependencies + 2021-03-131767d2cc2fio/fs: use testing.T.TempDir in TestWalkDir + 2021-03-134bd4dfe96acmd/compile/internal/ssa: prealloc slice + 2021-03-138336c311f8io: add error check to WriteString Example test + 2021-03-133224990dadfmt: use “truncateString” not “truncate” in method doc + 2021-03-13fedb494878errors/wrap: do not call Elem() twice + 2021-03-13289d34a465all: remove duplicate words + 2021-03-13b3235b75d1encoding/gob: ensure "duplicate type received" decoder errors surface up + 2021-03-1383e79c7b14crypto/ecdsa: fix dead reference link + 2021-03-1359e012991anet/http: note that "HTTP/2" is invalid for ParseHTTPVersion + 2021-03-13a8a85281caruntime: fix documented alignment of 32KiB and 64KiB size classes + 2021-03-138e725f8452all: use HTML5 br tags + 2021-03-1373eb27bd3bmisc/cgo/testcarchive: don't use == for string equality in C code + 2021-03-137588ef0d90cmd/compile/internal/types2: use self_test.go from go/types + 2021-03-1316ad1ea841cmd/compile/internal/types2: simplify error reporting API (cleanup) + 2021-03-137b47f9a5f2cmd/compile: mention that -m can be increased or given multiple times + 2021-03-123eebc26700delete favicon.ico and robots.txt + 2021-03-1286bbf4beeecmd/go: fix godoc formatting for text from 'go help install' + 2021-03-1278052f4c4ecmd/compile: minor cleanup -- remove dead code conditional on test + 2021-03-127240a18adbcmd/compile: test register ABI for method, interface, closure calls + 2021-03-12cdd08e615acmd/go/internal/load: always set IsImportCycle when in a cycle + 2021-03-124662029264runtime: simplify divmagic for span calculations + 2021-03-12735647d92eruntime: add alignment info to sizeclasses.go comments + 2021-03-12086357e8f6cmd/go: include default GOEXPERIMENT in build config + 2021-03-129289c12002Revert "testing/fstest: test that ReadDirFile on a non-dir fails" + 2021-03-12e8b82789cdA+C: add new e-mail addresses for Andy Pan + 2021-03-12e87c4bb3efcmd/compile: fix noder.Addr() to not call typechecker + 2021-03-1271330963c0internal/poll: fix some grammar errors + 2021-03-12a607408403cmd/internal/obj/arm64: add support for op(extended register) with RSP arguments + 2021-03-1271a6c13164cmd/compile: call types.CheckSize() in g.typ() + 2021-03-117fc638d6f1cmd: move GOEXPERIMENT knob from make.bash to cmd/go + 2021-03-11b3896fc331net/http: revert change to generated file from CL 296152 + 2021-03-114dd9c7cadccmd/go: remove some fsyncs when writing files + 2021-03-1143d5f213e2cmd/compile: optimize multi-register shifts on amd64 + 2021-03-11b0733ba12dhash/maphash: increase the buffer size + 2021-03-1164d323f45ahash/maphash: optimize Write and WriteString + 2021-03-11ae9cd1299chash/maphash: manually inline setSeed + 2021-03-1186d6678429testing/fstest: clarify TestFS docs + 2021-03-111853411d83testing/fstest: test that ReadDirFile on a non-dir fails + 2021-03-11bbf79793bdio/fs: clarify additional File interface docs + 2021-03-110a655598e1cmd/link: fix glink resolver generation on ppc64le + 2021-03-11f009b5b226runtime: support register ABI for finalizers + 2021-03-11415ca3f1f0test: add test that caused a gofrontend internal error + 2021-03-110fc370c5d2docs: clarify when APIs use context.Background. + 2021-03-11b8e9ec856csyscall: use runtime.KeepAlive for ProcThreadAttributeList arguments + 2021-03-119ece63f064crypto/rand, internal/syscall/unix: add support for getrandom syscall on solaris + 2021-03-1179e3ee52f4internal/syscall/unix: unify GetRandom implementation + 2021-03-113a3b8164fdcmd/dist: refactor test constraints for misc/cgo/testsantizers + 2021-03-1168f3344fe9cmd/compile: remove 8-byte alignment requirement of stack slot on ppc64 + 2021-03-11fdded79e6ecmd/compile: fix handling of partially inferred type arguments + 2021-03-101bad3831a0cmd/internal/obj: remove param element from ppc64 optab + 2021-03-10aa26687e45runtime, time: disable preemption in addtimer + 2021-03-10f9ed8b3f1ecmd/go/internal/mvs: factor out an incremental implementation + 2021-03-102ceb79db52cmd/go/internal/modload: make EditBuildList report whether the build list was changed + 2021-03-10b7f0fb6d9ecmd/go/internal/modload: fuse upgrading with downgrading in EditBuildList + 2021-03-10a1a3d33b0dcmd/go: test remote lookup of packages with leading dots in path elements + 2021-03-10ccf9acefa8cmd/compile/internal: improve handling of DS form offsets on ppc64x + 2021-03-10c41bf9ee81runtime: check partial lock ranking order + 2021-03-105ce51ea741flag: panic if flag name begins with - or contains = + 2021-03-10d0b79e3513encoding/xml: prevent infinite loop while decoding + 2021-03-10cd3b4ca9f2archive/zip: fix panic in Reader.Open + 2021-03-101811aeae66cmd/compile: deal with helper generic types that add methods to T + 2021-03-105edab39f49cmd/gofmt: fix const association to avoid inaccurate comment + 2021-03-10489231111fgo/types: add missing build tag to api_go1.18_test.go + 2021-03-107457462303runtime/race: update dead link + 2021-03-10818f6b14b4cmd/compile: remove ".fp" fake arg + 2021-03-10bc489dd6d5runtime: update signature of reflectcall functions + 2021-03-1030c28bbf05cmd/go: avoid password prompts in TestScript/mod_get_private_vcs + 2021-03-10cf59850466crypto/rand: supports for getrandom syscall in DragonFlyBSD + 2021-03-104d608eb224testing: fix typo in a comment + 2021-03-10643d240a11internal/poll: implement a pipe pool for splice() call + 2021-03-10d33e2192a7cmd/go: allow '+' in package import paths in module mode + 2021-03-1041245ab283cmd/compile/internal/types2: remove concept of finals + 2021-03-10acd7cb5887cmd/compile/internal/types2: better error reporting framework (starting point) + 2021-03-09142a76530cgo/types: improve the positioning of broken import errors + 2021-03-0948ddf70128cmd/asm,cmd/compile: support 5 operand RLWNM/RLWMI on ppc64 + 2021-03-0918510ae88fruntime, cmd/link/internal/ld: disable memory profiling when data unreachable + 2021-03-09e4f3cfadf6net: don't append a dot to TXT records on Plan 9 + 2021-03-09382851c1fdcmd/compile: fix failure to communicate between ABIinfo producer&consumer + 2021-03-099f5298ca6ecmd/compile: fix confusion in generating SelectN index + 2021-03-0998dfdc82c8cmd/compile: fix broken type+offset calc for register args + 2021-03-095eb9912084cmd/compile: fix OpArg decomposer for registers in expandCalls + 2021-03-0948895d021bcmd/compile: remove skipping of implicit operations during export + 2021-03-09b6df58bd1fcmd/compile: detect duplicate importing earlier + 2021-03-09e8e425cb23runtime: add pollDesc partial edges + 2021-03-09b60a3a8cfbcmd/compile: add debugging mode for import/export + 2021-03-09a70eb2c9f2cmd/compile: get instantiated generic types working with interfaces + 2021-03-09034fffdb49net: use io.Discard in TestSendfileOnWriteTimeoutExceeded + 2021-03-09762ef81a56cmd/link/internal/ld: deflake TestWindowsIssue36495 + 2021-03-09b70a2bc9c6cmd/compile: make ValAndOff.{Val,Off} return an int32 + 2021-03-09437d229e2aruntime: document netpollclose + 2021-03-09618b66e16dcmd/compile: remove 4-byte alignment requirement of stack slot on arm + 2021-03-08b6def6a34ecmd/vet: bring in sigchanyzer to report unbuffered channels to signal.Notify + 2021-03-08a08adda12cos/signal: remove comments about SA_RESTART + 2021-03-08bd37284784cmd/link: use testing.T.TempDir in tests + 2021-03-08fee3cd4250cmd/compile: fix width not calculated for imported type + 2021-03-087419a86c82cmd/link/internal/ld: fix typo in a comment + 2021-03-08b4787201c9cmd/compile: minor doc improvements + 2021-03-08aafad20b61encoding/binary: limit bytes read by Uvarint to <= 10 + 2021-03-08125eca0f72cmd/compile: improve IsNonNil rule on riscv64 + 2021-03-07597b5d192ecmd/compile: rename internal-abi.md to abi-internal.md + 2021-03-07b0df92703cmath/big: add shrVU and shlVU benchmarks + 2021-03-05414fa8c35ecmd/internal/objabi: use a separate bit to mark weak relocation + 2021-03-05009bfeae86reflect: add VisibleFields function + 2021-03-05f901ea701dcmd/internal/goobj: store relocation type as uint16 + 2021-03-0587d29939c8runtime: remove racefuncenterfp + 2021-03-057205a4fbdccmd/internal/goobj: regenerate builtin list + 2021-03-05fb03be9d55cmd/compile: use getcallersp for gorecover "fp" arg + 2021-03-05a22bd3dc73cmd/compile: use getcallerpc for racefuncentry + 2021-03-05a829114b21cmd/compile: match Aux and AuxInt explicitly in store combining rule + 2021-03-05d85083911druntime: encapsulate access to allgs + 2021-03-0539bdd41d03cmd/go/internal/modfetch/codehost: report git errors more accurately + 2021-03-0544721f4565test: enable "-d=panic" by default for errorcheck* + 2021-03-05c082f9fee0cmd/compile: do not set ONAME type when evaluated in type context + 2021-03-05fbee173545cmd/compile: fix wrong condition in tcShift + 2021-03-059e6b1fcd0acmd/compile: do not report error for invalid constant + 2021-03-0551d8d351c1cmd/compile: do not set type for OTYPESW + 2021-03-0580098ef00ccmd/compile: don't expand invalid embedded interface + 2021-03-0570b277cf2ecmd/compile: only check return for valid functions + 2021-03-05d4247f5167text/template: wrap errors returned by template functions instead of stringifying them + 2021-03-0567b9ecb23bruntime: update paniclk ordering + 2021-03-05280c735b07cmd/go: require a module root in 'go list -m' with an unversioned path + 2021-03-05a2f7067233reflect: include the alignment of zero-sized types in stack offsets + 2021-03-05c5a1c2276ereflect: use global variables for register count + 2021-03-05302a400316cmd/go/internal/modfetch: detect and recover from missing ziphash file + 2021-03-052e794c2bb1testing: add TB.Setenv + 2021-03-052217e89ba3net/http/httptrace: fix doc typo + 2021-03-0531df4e3fcdcmd/link: add relocs type for mips64x + 2021-03-0560b500dc6cmath/big: remove bounds checks for shrVU_g inner loop + 2021-03-05f0b6d3753fcmd/go: update PWD variable for 'go generate' + 2021-03-052b0e29f516docs: fix case of GitHub + 2021-03-05b62da08909cmd/go: update error expectations in TestScript/mod_install_pkg_version + 2021-03-05a7526bbf72encoding/json: marshal maps using reflect.Value.MapRange + 2021-03-0496a96a9058cmd/compile: remove types2.(*Selection).TArgs(), now that instance bug seems fixed + 2021-03-04d891ebdce1cmd/compile: return (and receive) medium-large results + 2021-03-04d6504b8097cmd/compile: tweak offset-generator to elide more +0 offsets + 2021-03-045c5552c5bacmd/compile: add register abi tests + 2021-03-0456d52e6611cmd/go: don't report missing std import errors for tidy and vendor + 2021-03-04b87e9b9f68cmd/go: clarify errors for commands run outside a module + 2021-03-04a99ff24a26cmd/compile/internal/syntax: print type parameters and type lists + 2021-03-049d3718e834cmd/compile: remove I-saw-a-register-pragma chatter + 2021-03-04c015f76acbcmd/compile: implement too-big-to-SSA struct passing in registers + 2021-03-0477505c25d8syscall: treat proc thread attribute lists as unsafe.Pointers + 2021-03-049d88a9e2bfcmd/compile: implement simple register results + 2021-03-042d30c94874cmd/internal: Add 6 args to ppc64 optab + 2021-03-04cfb609bfb7cmd/go: ensure that the test subprocess always times out in TestScript/test_write_profiles_on_timeout + 2021-03-049c54f878d2runtime: remove GODEBUG=scavenge mode + 2021-03-049a40dee3eecmd/go: reject 'go list -m MOD@patch' when no existing version of MOD is required + 2021-03-04a416efef5aruntime: remove a duplicated testcase of TestPallocDataFindScavengeCa… + 2021-03-043778f8e07dcmd/compile: fix pointer maps for morestack + 2021-03-04a2d92b5143cmd/compile: register abi, morestack work and mole whacking + 2021-03-04868a110c56cmd/compile: make check2 gracefully exit if it reported errors + 2021-03-041d0256a989cmd/compile: do not add invalid key to constSet + 2021-03-044b8b2c5864cmd/compile: do not set type for OTYPE + 2021-03-048c22874e4ecmd/compile: skip diag error in checkassign if one was emitted + 2021-03-0412a405b96acmd/compile: do not set type for OPACK + 2021-03-04b7f4307761cmd/compile: graceful handle error in noder LoadPackage + 2021-03-044532467c18cmd/compile: pass register parameters to called function + 2021-03-0495ff296a11cmd/compile: pass arguments as register parameters to StaticCall. + 2021-03-0404a4dca2accmd/compile: refactor out an almost-superfluous arg + 2021-03-04775f11cda1cmd/internal/obj/arm64: remove unncessary class check in addpool + 2021-03-0427dbc4551acmd/asm: disable scaled register format for arm64 + 2021-03-04593f5bbad7cmd/compile: adjust stack slot alignment requirements on arm64 + 2021-03-04355c3a037ecmd/internal/obj/asm64: add support for moving BITCON to RSP + 2021-03-04726d704c32cmd/asm: add arm64 instructions VUMAX and VUMIN + 2021-03-0479beddc773cmd/asm: add 128-bit FLDPQ and FSTPQ instructions for arm64 + 2021-03-0412bb256cb3go/types: use correct recv for parameterized embedded methods + 2021-03-036db80d7420cmd/compile/internal/types2: use correct recv for parameterized embedded methods + 2021-03-03d6f6ef6358cmd/compile: remove races introduced in abiutils field update + 2021-03-033e524ee65acmd/compile: make modified Aux type for OpArgXXXX pass ssa/check + 2021-03-039f33dc3ca1cmd/compile: handle aggregate OpArg in registers + 2021-03-03c4e3f6c4c7cmd/compile: remove 8-byte alignment requirement of stack slot on s390x + 2021-03-0385f62b0941cmd/compile: remove 8-byte alignment requirement of stack slot on mips + 2021-03-03497feff168cmd/compile: intrinsify runtime/internal/atomic.{And,Or}{8,} on RISCV64 + 2021-03-0300cb841b83syscall: implement rawVforkSyscall for remaining linux platforms + 2021-03-03f2df1e3c34cmd/compile: retrieve Args from registers + 2021-03-0306c72f3627A+C: change email address for Baokun Lee + 2021-03-0384ca4949a7cmd/compile: remove 8-byte alignment requirement of stack slot on mips64 + 2021-03-0377973863c3cmd/compile: use abiutils for all rcvr/in/out frame offsets. + 2021-03-03aea1259a72cmd/link: disable flaky Darwin "symbols" test + 2021-03-02312fd9937dcmd/go: remove -insecure flag on go get + 2021-03-022a2f99eefbcmd/go/internal/modload: do not resolve an arbitrary version for 'go list --versions' + 2021-03-02b65091c11dcmd/go: add a test case that reproduces #44296 + 2021-03-02e9eed78dc3cmd/go: resolve std-vendored dependencies as std packages except in 'go get' and 'go mod' + 2021-03-0209f4ef4fa7cmd/go/internal/mvs: prune spurious dependencies in Downgrade + 2021-03-02c6374f5162dist: generate stub go.mod in workdir + 2021-03-0297b32a6724cmd/compile: better version of check frame offsets against abi + 2021-03-022b50ab2aeecmd/compile: optimize single-precision floating point square root + 2021-03-02ebb92dfed9internal/poll, runtime: handle netpollopen error in poll_runtime_pollOpen + 2021-03-024c1a7ab49ccmd/go: reject relative paths in GOMODCACHE environment + 2021-03-02580636a78aall: fix spelling + 2021-03-02a6eeb4add4go/parser,go/types: hide API changes related to type parameters + 2021-03-02ff5cf4ced3cmd/link,debug/elf: mips32, add .gnu.attributes and .MIPS.abiflags sections + 2021-03-01700b73975eruntime: use entersyscall in syscall_syscallX on Darwin + 2021-03-01a69c45213dgo/types: review of expr.go + 2021-03-01b98ce3b606cmd/compile: import empty closure function correctly + 2021-03-0197bdac03aecmd: upgrade golang.org/x/mod to relax import path check + 2021-03-01f6a74c6568cmd/compile/internal/ir: fix up stale comment + 2021-03-0187beecd6dfcmd/go: add missing newline to retraction warning message + 2021-03-01a400eb3261Revert "cmd/compile: check frame offsets against abi" + 2021-03-015fafc0bbd4cmd/go/internal/modload: don't query when fixing canonical versions + 2021-03-012a8df4488eos: mark pipes returned by os.Pipe() as inheritable by default + 2021-02-275ff7ec98b7cmd/compile: check frame offsets against abi + 2021-02-27a429926159cmd/compile: fix escape analysis of heap-allocated results + 2021-02-27998fe70b68cmd/compile: fixed which-result confusion in presence of 0-width types + 2021-02-27d9fd38e68btime: correct unusual extension string cases + 2021-02-26cda8ee095ereflect: fix register ABI spill space calculation + 2021-02-26d8e33d558ecmd/compile: deal with closures in generic functions and instantiated function values + 2021-02-2619f96e73bfsyscall: introduce SysProcAttr.ParentProcess on Windows + 2021-02-263146166baasyscall: introduce SysProcAttr.AdditionalInheritedHandles on Windows + 2021-02-262d760816ffsyscall: restrict inherited handles on Windows + 2021-02-26ba9168bd07syscall: add support for proc thread attribute lists + 2021-02-26f41460145ecmd/link: recognize ARM64 PE files and relocations + 2021-02-26a655208c9ecmd/link: handle types as converted to interface when dynlink + 2021-02-2623943a6737cmd/compile: fix mishandling of unsafe-uintptr arguments with call method in go/defer + 2021-02-26e25040d162cmd/compile: change StaticCall to return a "Results" + 2021-02-269a555fc24ccmd/compile: fix missing descend in Addrtaken for closures. + 2021-02-25a61524d103cmd/internal/obj: add Prog.SetFrom3{Reg,Const} + 2021-02-255f15af111csyscall: comment on fields omitted from the win32finddata1 struct + 2021-02-259a7fe196e4Revert "cmd/compile: fix mishandling of unsafe-uintptr arguments with call method in go/defer" + 2021-02-25b83d073e9ereflect: add Method.IsExported and StructField.IsExported methods + 2021-02-257fcf9893f7cmd/internal/obj: fix typo in docs + 2021-02-256c3bcda866cmd/compile: declare inlined result params early for empty returns + 2021-02-25526ee96f49os: avoid allocation in File.WriteString + 2021-02-25194b636f8fdatabase/sql: close driver.Connector if it implements io.Closer + 2021-02-254ebb6f5110cmd/compile: automate resultInArg0 register checks + 2021-02-251a3e968b1fcmd/compile: fix mishandling of unsafe-uintptr arguments with call method in go/defer + 2021-02-25ee2a45e5fbruntime: use pipe2 for nonblockingPipe on dragonfly + 2021-02-251f7a01459bruntime: batch moving gFree list between local p and global schedt + 2021-02-25bcac57f89ccmd: upgrade golang.org/x/mod to fix go.mod parser + 2021-02-253137da82fdcmd/go: add a script test corresponding to the downhiddenartifact MVS test + 2021-02-252c4c189bbacmd/go/internal/mvs: add test cases for downgrade interaction with hidden versions + 2021-02-259fe8ebf9b4test: add test case that failed with gccgo + 2021-02-25ad17b65b34testing/fstest: treat dash specially when building glob + 2021-02-2537ca84a9cdsyscall: return error if GetQueuedCompletionStatus truncates key + 2021-02-2576c0003cd5syscall, os: use pipe2 syscall on DragonflyBSD instead of pipe + 2021-02-25666ad85df4cmd/compile: fix typo in rewrite_test.go + 2021-02-25d822ffebc5test: fix inline.go test for linux-amd64-noopt + 2021-02-25ff614b13d9runtime: subtract one from ip when determining abort + 2021-02-24dbbc5ec7e8syscall: restore broken GetQueuedCompletionStatus signature but make it not crash + 2021-02-24d0d21b7c4ccmd/compile: plumb abi info into expandCalls + 2021-02-248027343b63cmd/compile: disable inlining functions with closures for now + 2021-02-246c3f8a2f47cmd/link: use ctxt.Logf instead of package log + 2021-02-243ee32439b5cmd/compile: ARM64 optimize []float64 and []float32 access + 2021-02-2480ddc17ae1cmd/compile/internal-abi: fix ABI0-equivalence for zero-sized values + 2021-02-243deb528199cmd/compile/internal-abi: update internal ABI spec for g register + 2021-02-24478277f812cmd/compile/internal-abi: use x87 mode, not MMX mode + 2021-02-24bf48163e8fcmd/compile: add rule to coalesce writes + 2021-02-24b7f62daa59cmd/internal/goobj: add test case for object file reader + 2021-02-24c9d9b40b13context: avoid importing context package twice + 2021-02-24dc4698f52bsyscall: do not overflow key memory in GetQueuedCompletionStatus + 2021-02-247a2f3273c5cmd/compile: plumb abi info into ssagen/ssa + 2021-02-24adb467ffd2cmd/compile: reduce inline cost of OCONVOP + 2021-02-2427684ea195testing: print late arriving log line in panic + 2021-02-24ae1fa08e41context: reduce contention in cancelCtx.Done + 2021-02-24691ac806d2cmd/go: fix version validation in 'go mod edit -exclude' + 2021-02-24b97b1456aecmd/go, cmd/cgo: pass -mfp32 and -mhard/soft-float to MIPS GCC + 2021-02-2407c658316bio/ioutil: forward TempFile and TempDir to os package + 2021-02-2404edf418d2encoding/json: reduce allocated space in Unmarshal + 2021-02-24e496120891database: remove race in TestTxContextWait + 2021-02-2426001d109ego/types: review of call.go + 2021-02-2435b80eac7dhash/maphash: remove duplicate from Hash documentation + 2021-02-24eb863240dcruntime: remove unused const stackSystem on dragonfly + 2021-02-24084b07d6f6spec: improve sentence structure for passing a slice + 2021-02-246ba4a300d8docs: fix spelling + 2021-02-2443652dc46fbufio, bytes, strings: handle negative runes in WriteRune + 2021-02-243780529255unicode: correctly handle negative runes + 2021-02-240694fb3d78image: resolve the TODO of doc comment style + 2021-02-236cc8aa7ecego/types: minor updates to comments to align with types2 + 2021-02-2342b9e3a8dfcontext: fix XTestInterlockedCancels + 2021-02-23aaed6cbcedtesting/race: fixing intermittent test failure + 2021-02-23fbed561f8aruntime: reset stack poison flag accidentally set + 2021-02-230458d8c983go/types, types2: constraints may be parenthesized and that includes "any" + 2021-02-2374903553bcdoc: start draft go1.17 release notes, move go1.16 to x/website + 2021-02-23fa40c0232ccmd/go: reproduce issue #44497 in TestScript/mod_edit + 2021-02-23a4dac8bd22runtime: use BX instead of R15 in race detector + 2021-02-23c49c7a675aruntime: save R15 before checking AVX state + 2021-02-23d2911d7612cmd/compile: fold MOV*nop and MOV*const + 2021-02-23d434c2338bruntime: clarify GC fractional mode description + 2021-02-23a671e33c6dall: use more precise build tags + 2021-02-23c584f42dcfcmd/compile: change riscv64 Eq32/Neq32 to zero extend before subtraction + 2021-02-23080119799bruntime: fix usleep on windows/arm + 2021-02-2374cac8d479cmd/compile: add AMD64 parameter register defs, Arg ops, plumb to ssa.Config + 2021-02-2342cd40ee74cmd/compile: improve bit test code + 2021-02-23f1562c7610cmd/go: recognize DLL magic from llvm binaries + 2021-02-23bf5fa2d198cmd/compile: guard special register usage with GOEXPERIMENT=regabi + 2021-02-23c7f596f919cmd/go: resolve TODO by replacing InDir() function + 2021-02-235e94fe9316go/build/constraint: fix splitPlusBuild func doc comment + 2021-02-2355d7dcc3cdruntime: optimize the memory padding in p struct + 2021-02-23ab331c0254runtime/cgo: use correct lean and mean macro + 2021-02-2391cfbf39e4cmd/link: set .ctors COFF section to writable and aligned + 2021-02-23811167e2c9cmd/link: do not pass -Bsymbolic for PE DLLs + 2021-02-23a51daac840cmd/link: set SizeOfRawData rather than VirtualSize in COFF files for .bss section + 2021-02-23e5159b2a2fcmd/internal/dwarf: minor cleanups + 2021-02-23b3b65f2176runtime: enable race detector on openbsd/amd64 + 2021-02-23a78b0e6721internal/poll: fix the verbose condition in splice + 2021-02-2308543f0715ios/fs: mention f.dir in (*subFS).fixErr godoc + 2021-02-230398a771d2cmd/internal/obj/riscv: prevent constant loads that do not target registers + 2021-02-236525abddcecmd/internal/obj/riscv: clean up branch tests + 2021-02-23c4b771348cruntime: fix windows/arm signal handling assembly + 2021-02-232a18e37c4ecmd/compile: remove backend's "scratch mem" support + 2021-02-23e52149822bcmd/compile: simplify assert{E,I}2I{,2} calling conventions + 2021-02-2386deb459decmd/compile: remove selectnbrecv2 + 2021-02-234048491234cmd/compile,runtime: make selectnbrecv return two values + 2021-02-235e804ba17dcmd/compile: use transitive relations for slice len/cap in poset + 2021-02-236a40dd05d8cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of sanitize.go + 2021-02-23975ba6e2b2cmd/compile: mark OpSB, OpSP as poor statement Op + 2021-02-23a2e150c7cdgo/types, cmd/compile/internal/types2: use regular type printing for unsafe.Pointer + 2021-02-235a0e4fc4e7cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of conversions.go + 2021-02-2389eb2b55b9cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of issues_test.go + 2021-02-23378f73e2d5cmd/compile/internal/types2: enable TestIssue25627 + 2021-02-231901e2647ftest: add test for findTypeLoop with symbols from other packages + 2021-02-235f3dabbb79cmd/compile: fix import of functions of multiple nested closure + 2021-02-237af821a661all: faster midpoint computation in binary search + 2021-02-23f113e9a14fcmd/dist: match goexperiment.regabi tag when GOEXPERIMENT is on + 2021-02-221126bbb82ago/parser: return ast.BadExpr for missing index operands + 2021-02-221678829d95cmd/compile: correctly use X15 to zero frame + 2021-02-22094048b938cmd/compile/internal: loop opt + 2021-02-221391d4142cfix typo in issue16760.go + 2021-02-2204903476fecmd/compile: reject some rare looping CFGs in shortcircuit + 2021-02-2287e984ab29test: add test for issue 38698 + 2021-02-22b2bdadfe88cmd/internal: cleanup ppc64 optab structure + 2021-02-210f66fb7b85go/internal/gccgoimporter: fix up gccgo installation test + 2021-02-21e78e04ce39cmd/compile: fix panic in DWARF-gen handling obfuscated code + 2021-02-2003d36d8198syscall: add explicit ios build tag + 2021-02-2040656f3a75doc/1.16: fix link to fs.FileInfo + 2021-02-20d4b2638234all: go fmt std cmd (but revert vendor) + 2021-02-200625460f79cmd/vet: update buildtag check for //go:build lines + 2021-02-209fd6cc105dgo/printer: canonicalize //go:build and // +build lines while formatting + 2021-02-205b76343a10go/build: prefer //go:build over // +build lines + 2021-02-20a8942d2cffruntime/pprof: disable TestMorestack on darwin/arm64 + 2021-02-20078f08f0eespec: every type has a method set (minor clarification) + 2021-02-1926713b5fefgo/types: don't write during sanitizeInfo if nothing has changed + 2021-02-199a99515c8fall: REVERSE MERGE dev.typeparams (7cdfa49) into master + 2021-02-197cdfa4969a[dev.typeparams] all: merge master (06b86e9) into dev.typeparams + 2021-02-196521c7b378[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: resolve decl cycle the same way as in go/types + 2021-02-1906b86e9803cmd/compile: fix check to avoid creating new closure function when typechecking inline body + 2021-02-199322eec8a2codereview.cfg: add codereview.cfg for master branch + 2021-02-1902e5a8fdfcruntime: ignore SPWRITE in syscall functions + 2021-02-19fa18f224c3runtime/pprof: disable TestMorestack on macOS under race detector + 2021-02-1901eb70e3ddos: fix hex exit code print on 32-bit windows + 2021-02-1949add6ad90runtime: fix spurious stack overflow detection + 2021-02-19fce2a94d84cmd/compile: fix buglet in inlined info abstract function dwarf-gen + 2021-02-19dfe0ef961b[dev.typeparams] go/types, types2: revert fancy struct printing (fixes x/tools tests) + 2021-02-197764ee5614runtime: fix invalid nil g check for for mips64x + 2021-02-192f37939a21go/parser: improve error recovery from invalid selector exprs + 2021-02-198654db4555[dev.typeparams] go/types: adjust printing of embedded struct fields (fixes x/tools/cmd/guru tests) + 2021-02-1987f425da14cmd/go/internal/mvs: split Reqs into narrower per-function interfaces + 2021-02-194da0188c6ccmd/go/internal/modget: split resolveCandidates into two methods + 2021-02-195f2e24efb3cmd/internal/diff: skip over Cygwin warning in diff output + 2021-02-19ee7038f6a5net: disable Windows netsh tests when netsh won't run + 2021-02-1940765ffa95os/exec: disable failing LookPathTest on windows/arm64 + 2021-02-19b445d6ea34runtime/pprof: expect tests to pass on macOS + 2021-02-19b110a43628runtime: delete gosave (dead code) + 2021-02-19474d5f4f4dmath: remove most 387 implementations + 2021-02-19c7c6c113beruntime: convert windows/arm64 assembly + 2021-02-193527caa7d6runtime: initial windows/arm64 implementation files + 2021-02-19427bd7599druntime: generate windows/arm64 callback asm + 2021-02-19f6c4b4bf96syscall: add windows/arm64 support + 2021-02-19ac024a0c7bcmd/vendor: get golang.org/x/sys@beda7e5e158 + 2021-02-19a3b97e7628test: disable nilptr on windows/arm64 + 2021-02-19985d087782cmd/link: add windows/arm64 support + 2021-02-1995a44d2409cmd/internal/objfile: recognize Windows ARM64 executables + 2021-02-190ca0551f02debug/pe: recognize arm64 executables + 2021-02-1947e4b0739eMerge "[dev.typeparams] all: merge master (eb98272) into dev.typeparams" into dev.typeparams + 2021-02-190c633125f2cmd/dist: add windows/arm64 support + 2021-02-19bb6efb9609build: set GOPATH consistently in run.bash, run.bat, run.rc + 2021-02-19a1222b7535cmd/link: add debug print in deadcode + 2021-02-191c659f2525cmd/link: clean up windows PE generation + 2021-02-19b6379f190bsyscall: clean up windows a bit + 2021-02-1909e059afb1runtime: enable framepointer on all arm64 + 2021-02-19b19e7b518eruntime: clean up windows a bit + 2021-02-195421c37a1druntime: fix windows/arm externalthreadhandler + 2021-02-1991cc484ea9runtime: fix time on windows/arm under WINE + 2021-02-1938672d3dcfruntime: crash earlier on windows for runtime.abort + 2021-02-19a1e9148e3druntime: print hex numbers with hex prefixes in traceback debug + 2021-02-1975e273fc2cruntime: fix windows/arm CONTEXT_CONTROL + 2021-02-1976ab626bfcruntime: factor common code out of defs_windows_*.go + 2021-02-19ece954d8b8runtime: find g in Windows profiler using SP + 2021-02-19a54f7fc0fdruntime: do not treat asmcgocall as a topofstack on g0 + 2021-02-19776ee4079aruntime: do not treat morestack as a topofstack + 2021-02-195ecd9e34dfruntime: do not treat mcall as a topofstack + 2021-02-1954da3ab385runtime: use TOPFRAME to identify top-of-frame functions + 2021-02-19fbe74dbf42runtime: use FuncInfo SPWRITE flag to identify untraceable profile samples + 2021-02-194dd77bdc91cmd/asm, cmd/link, runtime: introduce FuncInfo flag bits + 2021-02-19aa0388f2edruntime: remove unnecessary writes to gp.sched.g + 2021-02-196fe8981620cmd/internal/obj/riscv: fix JMP name<>(SB) + 2021-02-1901f05d8ff1runtime: unify asmcgocall and systemstack traceback setup + 2021-02-19229695a283runtime: clean up funcID assignment + 2021-02-19c80da0a33aruntime: handle nil gp in cpuprof + 2021-02-19a78879ac67runtime: move sys.DefaultGoroot to runtime.defaultGOROOT + 2021-02-198ac23a1f15runtime: document, clean up internal/sys + 2021-02-19678568a5cfruntime: delete windows setlasterror (unused) + 2021-02-190d94f989d1runtime: clean up system calls during cgo callback init + 2021-02-19e7ee3c1fa8os: report Windows exit status in hex + 2021-02-18a789be7814[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: use new converter functions rather than methods (fix build) + 2021-02-1820050a15fe[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: support generic types (with stenciling of method calls) + 2021-02-18e7493a9c74[dev.typeparams] all: merge master (eb98272) into dev.typeparams + 2021-02-182ff1e05a4c[dev.typeparams] all: update parent repository + 2021-02-18eb982727e3cmd/go/internal/mvs: fix Downgrade to match Algorithm 4 + 2021-02-183b7277d365cmd/go: add a script test for artifacts resulting from 'go get -u' + 2021-02-188960ce7735[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: minor adjustments to match go/types more closely + 2021-02-186f3878b942[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of typestring_test.go + 2021-02-18d6bdd1aeef[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of typestring.go + 2021-02-18c2314babb8[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of type.go + 2021-02-18099374b55e[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: remove Type.Under method in favor of function + 2021-02-18653386a89a[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: replace Named, TypeParam methods with functions + 2021-02-185e4da8670b[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: use converter functions rather than methods + 2021-02-185ecb9a7887[dev.typeparams] go/types: use a new ast.ListExpr for multi-type instances + 2021-02-18f3c2208e2ccmd/go: add script tests for potential upgrades due to downgrades + 2021-02-18a5c8a15f64cmd/go/internal/mvs: clarify and annotate test cases + 2021-02-18a76efea1fecmd/go/internal/mvs: don't emit duplicates from Req + 2021-02-18609d82b289cmd/dist: set GOARM=7 for windows/arm + 2021-02-187b679617f3[dev.typeparams] go/types: conversions to type parameters are not constant + 2021-02-18f0be3cc547runtime: unbreak linux/riscv64 following regabi merge + 2021-02-1807ef313525runtime/cgo: add cast in C code to avoid C compiler warning + 2021-02-17f5d0c653e6[dev.typeparams] merge master (2f0da6d) into dev.typeparams + 2021-02-17e196cb8258[dev.typeparams] cmd/dist: disable -G=3 on the std go tests for now + 2021-02-172f0da6d9e2go/types: revert "no 'declared but not used' errors for invalid var decls" + 2021-02-1770c37ee7d0cmd/compile/internal/test: gofmt abiutils_test.go + 2021-02-1684825599dcall: merge branch dev.regabi (d3cd4830ad) into master + 2021-02-16d3cd4830ad[dev.regabi] test: run abi/regabipragma test with -c=1 + 2021-02-1603cea563d1[dev.regabi] all: merge master (5faf941) into dev.regabi + 2021-02-16b8fb049c7a[dev.regabi] cmd/go: copy internal/abi in TestNewReleaseRebuildsStalePackagesInGOPATH + 2021-02-165faf941df0internal/goversion: update Version to 1.17 + 2021-02-16ed55da46ab[dev.regabi] go/types: overlapping embedded interfaces requires go1.14 + 2021-02-167696c94334[dev.regabi] go/types: type alias decl requires go1.9 + 2021-02-16c2358a1ae7[dev.regabi] runtime: stub out spillArgs and unspillArgs + 2021-02-168cfbf34dd9internal/abi: set register count constants to zero for regabi experiment + 2021-02-166f3da9d2f6README: pull gopher image from website + 2021-02-16d28aae26b0[dev.regabi] cmd/link: recognize internal/abi as runtime package + 2021-02-16098504c73fcmd/link: generate trampoline for inter-dependent packages + 2021-02-161004a7cb31runtime/metrics: update documentation to current interface + 2021-02-166530f2617fdoc/go1.16: remove draft notice + 2021-02-16353e111455doc/go1.16: fix mismatched id attribute + 2021-02-16e0215315f5[dev.regabi] reflect: support for register ABI on amd64 for reflect.(Value).Call + 2021-02-16f0d23c9dbbinternal/poll: netpollcheckerr before sendfile + 2021-02-160cb3415154doc: remove all docs not tied to distribution + 2021-02-16626ef08127doc: remove install.html and install-source.html + 2021-02-1630641e36aainternal/poll: if copy_file_range returns 0, assume it failed + 2021-02-1533d72fd412doc/faq: update generics entry to reflect accepted proposal + 2021-02-15852ce7c212cmd/go: provide a more helpful suggestion for "go vet -?" + 2021-02-1366c27093d0cmd/link: fix typo in link_test.go + 2021-02-13b81efb7ec4[dev.regabi] go/types: add support for language version checking + 2021-02-13a7e9b4b948[dev.regabi] go/types: untyped shift counts must fit into uint + 2021-02-13060fa49bd2[dev.regabi] go/types: refuse excessively long constants + 2021-02-12a06bd9fecb[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of resolver_test.go + 2021-02-12042f88fe30[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of errors_test.go + 2021-02-120abd7b768b[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of universe.go + 2021-02-121b6f0bf1b2[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of sizes_test.go + 2021-02-121758780181[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of sizes.go + 2021-02-123aee461d5c[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of return.go + 2021-02-127428318af6[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of object_test.go + 2021-02-12b20f9e2da1[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of object.go + 2021-02-1220746b2f37[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of labels.go + 2021-02-12bab3461123[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of infer.go + 2021-02-129168590977[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of builtin_test.go + 2021-02-12f1777cf84c[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of builtin.go + 2021-02-12baa6c75dce[dev.regabi] internal/abi: add new internal/abi package for ABI constants + 2021-02-12d1fd9a8863[dev.regabi] all: merge master (ff0e93e) into dev.regabi + 2021-02-12ff0e93ea31doc/go1.16: note that package path elements beginning with '.' are disallowed + 2021-02-120f43973b4b[dev.typeparams] go/types: make predeclared "any" alias for interface{} + 2021-02-1258758e0a21[dev.typeparams] go/types: better error message for invalid ... use + 2021-02-11c0aa7bd760[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: small fixes for stenciling + 2021-02-11249da7ec02CONTRIBUTORS: update for the Go 1.16 release + 2021-02-11864d4f1c6bcmd/go: multiple small 'go help' fixes + 2021-02-1126ceae85a8spec: More precise wording in section on function calls. + 2021-02-11930c2c9a68cmd/go: reject embedded files that can't be packed into modules + 2021-02-11e5b08e6d5cio/fs: allow backslash in ValidPath, reject in os.DirFS.Open + 2021-02-10df23540dde[dev.typeparams] cmd/gofmt: add the -G flag to allow generic code + 2021-02-10ed8079096fcmd/compile: mark concrete call of reflect.(*rtype).Method as REFLECTMETHOD + 2021-02-10ddec18cf82[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: overlapping embedded interfaces requires go1.14 + 2021-02-1059703d53e2[dev.regabi] cmd/link: stop using ABI aliases if wrapper is enabled + 2021-02-10fdf3496fcc[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: make type conversions by type parameters work + 2021-02-1012e15d430d[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: handle calling a method on a type param in stenciling + 2021-02-09e9c9683597cmd/go: suppress errors from 'go get -d' for packages that only conditionally exist + 2021-02-09168d6a49a5[dev.regabi] go/types: use 512 bits as max. integer precision + 2021-02-090a62067708[dev.regabi] go/types: adjust importer to match compiler importer + 2021-02-091c58fcf7ed[dev.regabi] go/types: handle untyped constant arithmetic overflow + 2021-02-09493363ccff[dev.regabi] go/types: must not import a package called "init" + 2021-02-09e0ac989cf3archive/tar: detect out of bounds accesses in PAX records resulting from padded lengths + 2021-02-09c48d1503ba[dev.regabi] go/types: report unused packages in source order + 2021-02-09813958f13c[dev.regabi] go/types: factor out sorting of methods + 2021-02-0911d15c171b[dev.regabi] go/types: convert untyped arguments to delete + 2021-02-08ca18c42054[dev.typeparams] merge dev.regabi (618e3c1) into dev.typeparams + 2021-02-09c9d6f45fecruntime/metrics: fix a couple of documentation typpos + 2021-02-09cea4e21b52io/fs: backslash is always a glob meta character + 2021-02-08dc725bfb3cdoc/go1.16: mention new vet check for asn1.Unmarshal + 2021-02-08618e3c15bd[dev.regabi] go/types: consistently report nil type as "untyped nil" + 2021-02-08a360eeb528[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: conversions to type parameters are not constant + 2021-02-080fbde54ea6[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: allow generic funcs to call other generic funcs for stenciling + 2021-02-0850449de66a[dev.regabi] all: merge master (1901853) into dev.regabi + 2021-02-087b0dfb177f[dev.regabi] runtime: use g register in some assembly functions on AMD64 + 2021-02-082e60c00f56[dev.regabi] cmd/internal/obj/x86: use g register in stack bounds check + 2021-02-0822f9e1ccbc[dev.regabi] runtime: initialize special registers before sigpanic + 2021-02-085d7dc53888[dev.regabi] cmd/compile, runtime: reserve R14 as g registers on AMD64 + 2021-02-081901853098runtime/metrics: fix panic in readingAllMetric example + 2021-02-08ed3e4afa12syscall/plan9: remove spooky fd action at a distance + 2021-02-08a21de9ec73[dev.regabi] cmd/link: resolve symbol ABI in shared linkage + 2021-02-05724d0720b3doc/go1.16: add missed heading tag in vet section + 2021-02-05b54cd94d47embed, io/fs: clarify that leading and trailing slashes are disallowed + 2021-02-054516afebedtesting/fstest: avoid symlink-induced failures in tester + 2021-02-058fa84772ba[dev.regabi] runtime: delete gosave function + 2021-02-05946351d5a2[dev.regabi] runtime: zero X15 in racecall + 2021-02-05397a46a10a[dev.regabi] cmd/asm: define g register on AMD64 + 2021-02-05e79c2fd428[dev.regabi] runtime: mark racecallbackthunk as ABIInternal + 2021-02-057cc6de59f2[dev.regabi] runtime: don't mark rt0_go ABIInternal + 2021-02-05dcb5e0392e[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: add stenciling of simple generic functions + 2021-02-0563de211014[dev.regabi] runtime/cgo: call setg_gcc in crosscall_amd64 + 2021-02-04f37b0c6c12[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: type alias decl requires go1.9 + 2021-02-04721488498a[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: pass -lang flag value to new type checker + 2021-02-041ff2fdaaf1[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: add support for language version checking + 2021-02-04370e9f5843[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: use 512 bits as max. integer precision + 2021-02-04120b819f45[dev.regabi] go/types: report error for invalid main function signature + 2021-02-0452d5cb2822[dev.regabi] cmd/internal/obj: access Attribute atomically + 2021-02-04bc451b5770[dev.regabi] go/types: port check_test.go ergonomics from dev.typeparams + 2021-02-04afd67f3334[dev.regabi] go/types: no "declared but not used" errors for invalid var decls + 2021-02-04ca2f152893[dev.typeparams] go/types: add missing test from dev.go2go + 2021-02-048869086d8fruntime: fix typo in histogram.go + 2021-02-03401d7e5a24[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: reserve X15 as zero register on AMD64 + 2021-02-03bfc7418e6d[dev.regabi] runtime, syscall, etc.: mark Darwin syscall wrappers as ABIInternal + 2021-02-03dc122c7a9c[dev.typeparams] test: exclude a failing test again (fix 32bit builds) + 2021-02-03c910fd7b77[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: refuse excessively long constants + 2021-02-033db6e18468[dev.typeparams] test: enable more errorcheck tests + 2021-02-03e491c6eea9math/big: fix comment in divRecursiveStep + 2021-02-03bb53a5ad43[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/importer: adjust importer to match compiler importer + 2021-02-033f845b3b45[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: deal with inferred type arguments + 2021-02-03e633f343ba[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: add OFUNCINST/OTYPEINST nodes for generic func/type instantiation + 2021-02-020d2d6c7464[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (23b0c1f) into dev.typeparams + 2021-02-023d5c715bf2[dev.typeparams] Handling multiple type arguments for call via new node OLIST + 2021-02-0223b0c1f76e[dev.regabi] all: merge master (fca94ab) into dev.regabi + 2021-02-02fca94ab3abspec: improve the example in Type assertions section + 2021-02-0298f8454a73cmd/link: don't decode type symbol in shared library in deadcode + 2021-02-021426a571b7cmd/link: fix off-by-1 error in findShlibSection + 2021-02-0113a7412983[dev.typeparams] Parse a generic type arg for generic function call + 2021-02-0132e789f4fbtest: fix incorrectly laid out instructions in issue11656.go + 2021-02-01ca6999e27c[dev.regabi] test: add a test for inlining closures + 2021-02-010b6cfea634doc/go1.16: document that on OpenBSD syscalls are now made through libc + 2021-02-0126e29aa15acmd/link: disable TestPIESize if CGO isn't enabled + 2021-02-016ac91e460cdoc/go1.16: minor markup fixes + 2021-01-300aafd69124[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: start translating type params in noder2 + 2021-01-30a59cb5109d[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: handle untyped constant arithmetic overflow + 2021-01-2944361140c0embed: update docs for proposal tweaks + 2021-01-2968058edc39runtime: document pointer write atomicity for memclrNoHeapPointers + 2021-01-29507e641963[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/typecheck: declutter generated builtin.go (cleanup) + 2021-01-282440dd457a[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: start adding info needed for typeparams in types & ir + 2021-01-28c8bd8010ffsyscall: generate readlen/writelen for openbsd libc + 2021-01-2841bb49b878cmd/go: revert TestScript/build_trimpath to use ioutil.ReadFile + 2021-01-28c0bf904ddf[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: translate syntax to token constants via tables + 2021-01-28f7d1c5990b[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: must not import a package called "init" + 2021-01-28725a642c2druntime: correct syscall10/syscall10X on openbsd/amd64 + 2021-01-284b068cafb5doc/go1.16: document go/build/constraint package + 2021-01-28376518d77fruntime,syscall: convert syscall on openbsd/arm64 to libc + 2021-01-27aca22bddf2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove nested functions from expands_calls.go + 2021-01-27667e08ba8c[dev.regabi] cmd/go: Use GOMAXPROCS to limit default build, compile parallelism + 2021-01-2700f2ff5c94api/go1.16: add go/build/constraint APIs + 2021-01-2735334caf18crypto/x509: remove leftover CertificateRequest field + 2021-01-27a5a5e2c968runtime: make sure to remove open-coded defer entries in all cases after a recover + 2021-01-27217a461f56[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: report unused packages in source order + 2021-01-278cfa01943aruntime: block console ctrlhandler when the signal is handled + 2021-01-27ff9e8364c6cmd/go: skip issue33139 when the 'cc' script command is unavailable + 2021-01-27cd176b3615runtime: switch runtime to libc for openbsd/arm64 + 2021-01-276c8fbfbdcfruntime: convert openbsd/arm64 locking to libc + 2021-01-275cdf0da1bfsyscall: clean up mkasm related changes + 2021-01-27210f70e298doc/go1.16: fix closing brace in .Export format + 2021-01-270f797f168dmath: fix typo in sqrt.go code comment + 2021-01-269b636feafe[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: missing last patch set for cl286013 + 2021-01-26f7dad5eae4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove leftover code form late call lowering work + 2021-01-2608a598f8c1[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: fix MethodExpr handling with embedded fields + 2021-01-268634a234dfruntime,syscall: convert syscall on openbsd/amd64 to libc + 2021-01-26cecc1dfcba[dev.typeparams] test: enable excluded test fixedbugs/issue7742.go + 2021-01-26e48d7d3b21[dev.typeparams] go/constant: faster match implementation + 2021-01-26d39685e5e9[dev.typeparams] go/constant: choose internal float representations more consistently + 2021-01-2534704e374f[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (5e4a0cd) into dev.typeparams + 2021-01-26c97af0036b[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: force untyped constants from types2 to expected kind + 2021-01-261d5e14632eos: further document limitations around naked file descriptors + 2021-01-255e4a0cdde3[dev.regabi] all: merge master (bf0f7c9) into dev.regabi + 2021-01-26cf263e9f77os: correct names in CreateTemp and MkdirTemp doc comments + 2021-01-26ce8b318624net/http/fcgi: remove locking added to prevent a test-only race + 2021-01-25bf0f7c9d78doc/go1.16: mention os.DirFS in os section + 2021-01-25deaf29a8a8cmd/compile: fix order-of-assignment issue w/ defers + 2021-01-25ad2ca26a52doc/go1.16: mention os.DirEntry and types moved from os to io/fs + 2021-01-25a51921fa5bdoc/go1.16: mention new testing/iotest functions + 2021-01-253663a437a7[dev.typeparams] go/constant: in ToFloat, convert to rational numbers, not floats + 2021-01-25e6b6d107f7doc/go1.16: mention deprecation of io/ioutil + 2021-01-257eaaf28cae[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: disallow taking address of SSA'd values + 2021-01-2596a276363bdoc/go1.16: mention go/build changes + 2021-01-253d85c69a0bhtml/template: revert "avoid race when escaping updates template" + 2021-01-2554514c6b28cmd/go: fix TestScript/cgo_path, cgo_path_space when CC set + 2021-01-256f5e79f470[dev.regabi] cmd/compile/internal: specify memory layout + 2021-01-25cabffc199d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile/internal: add internal ABI specification + 2021-01-256de8443f3bdoc/asm: add a section on go_asm.h, clean up go_tls.h section + 2021-01-256a4739ccc5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: enable rational constant arithmetic + 2021-01-25be9612a832[dev.regabi] os: disable TestDirFS until #42637 is fixed + 2021-01-253432d24babMerge "[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (063c72f) into dev.typeparams" into dev.typeparams + 2021-01-25493eb6e6ec[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: fix -G=3 handling of blank methods + 2021-01-2513f02018af[dev.typeparams] test: enable more errorcheck tests w/ -G=3 + 2021-01-258ee3d39838[dev.regabi] cmd/go: workaround -race issue on ppc64le + 2021-01-2554b251f542lib/time, time/tzdata: update tzdata to 2021a + 2021-01-255a76c3d548[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: modify abiutils for recently updated ABI + 2021-01-25ff82cc971aos: force consistent mtime before running fstest on directory on Windows + 2021-01-25044f937a73doc/go1.16: fix WalkDir and Walk links + 2021-01-246d8d118762[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (063c72f) into dev.typeparams + 2021-01-25063c72f06d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: backport changes from dev.typeparams (9456804) + 2021-01-249456804e86[dev.typeparams] test: fix excluded files lookup so it works on Windows + 2021-01-23b634f5d97adoc/go1.16: add crypto/x509 memory optimization + 2021-01-239897655c61doc/go1.16: reword ambiguously parsable sentence + 2021-01-23cd99385ff4cmd/internal/obj/arm64: fix VMOVQ instruction encoding error + 2021-01-23d05d6fab32[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace ir.Name map with ir.NameSet for SSA 2 + 2021-01-237947df436d[dev.typeparams] test: set -G=3 and enable more errorcheck tests in run.go + 2021-01-2366ee8b158fruntime: restore cgo_import_dynamic for libc.so on openbsd + 2021-01-2348badc5fa8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix escape analysis problem with closures + 2021-01-23a49e941027[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: remove MethodSet code - not used by types2 + 2021-01-235347241b5e[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: use same sort criteria for methods as compiler + 2021-01-232b95c28b18[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: refactor SelectorExpr code into helpers + 2021-01-231946a77e69Merge "[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (7e0a81d) into dev.typeparams" into dev.typeparams + 2021-01-236923019a71[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: factor out sorting of methods + 2021-01-226e46c8fbb5[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (7e0a81d) into dev.typeparams + 2021-01-2351e1819a8d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: scan body of closure in tooHairy to check for disallowed nodes + 2021-01-2225c39e4fb5io/ioutil: fix example test for WriteFile to allow it to run in the playground + 2021-01-22eb21b31e48runtime: define dummy msanmove + 2021-01-223a778ff50fruntime: check for g0 stack last in signal handler + 2021-01-22a2cef9b544cmd/go: don't lookup the path for CC when invoking cgo + 2021-01-227e0a81d280[dev.regabi] all: merge master (dab3e5a) into dev.regabi + 2021-01-22e4ef30a667[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: refactor irgen's handling of ":=" + 2021-01-22dab3e5afferuntime: switch runtime to libc for openbsd/amd64 + 2021-01-22a1b53d85dacmd/go: add documentation for test and xtest fields output by go list + 2021-01-22626406b703[dev.typeparams] go/types: import api_test.go changes from dev.go2go + 2021-01-22b268b60774runtime: remove pthread_kill/pthread_self for openbsd + 2021-01-2212cd9cf7e0[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: disambiguate OXDOT in noder using types2 Selection info + 2021-01-22ec4051763druntime: fix typo in mgcscavenge.go + 2021-01-227ece3a7b17net/http: fix flaky TestDisableKeepAliveUpgrade + 2021-01-2250cba0506ftime: clarify Timer.Reset behavior on AfterFunc Timers + 2021-01-22cf10e69f17doc/go1.16: mention net/http.Transport.GetProxyConnectHeader + 2021-01-22ec1b945265doc/go1.16: mention path/filepath.WalkDir + 2021-01-2211def3d40bdoc/go1.16: mention syscall.AllThreadsSyscall + 2021-01-22f8654579cd[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: adjust errors in branch checking code, fix a bug + 2021-01-2107b0235609doc/go1.16: add notes about package-specific fs.FS changes + 2021-01-21e2b4f1fea5doc/go1.16: minor formatting fix + 2021-01-219f43a9e07bdoc/go1.16: mention new debug/elf constants + 2021-01-213c2f11ba5bcmd/go: overwrite program name with full path + 2021-01-21953d1feca9all: introduce and use internal/execabs + 2021-01-21b186e4d70dcmd/go: add test case for cgo CC setting + 2021-01-215a8a2265fbcmd/cgo: report exec errors a bit more clearly + 2021-01-2146e2e2e9d9cmd/go: pass resolved CC, GCCGO to cgo + 2021-01-213d40895e36runtime: switch openbsd/arm64 to pthreads + 2021-01-21d95ca91380crypto/elliptic: fix P-224 field reduction + 2021-01-21d7e71c01ad[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace ir.Name map with ir.NameSet for dwarf + 2021-01-215248f59a22[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace ir.Name map with ir.NameSet for SSA + 2021-01-21970d8b6cb2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace ir.Name map with ir.NameSet in inlining + 2021-01-2118bd7aa625[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: use nil instead of syntax.ImplicitOne + 2021-01-2168a4664475[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove tempAssigns in walkCall1 + 2021-01-21fd9a391cdd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove CallExpr.Rargs + 2021-01-2119a6db6b63[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: make sure mkcall* passed non-nil init + 2021-01-219f036844db[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use ir.DoChildren directly in inlining + 2021-01-21213c3905e9[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use node walked flag to prevent double walk for walkSelect + 2021-01-212427f6e6c0[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: directly set some simple expression types + 2021-01-21455c29af83[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: convert untyped arguments to delete + 2021-01-21f03f934ede[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: make predeclared "any" alias for interface{} + 2021-01-200f054c5be0[dev.typeparams] cmd/dist: add -G=3 test coverage + 2021-01-201760d736f6[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: exporting, importing, and inlining functions with OCLOSURE + 2021-01-2089ec17be9a[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: simplify how irgen handles qualified idents + 2021-01-20ecf4ebf100cmd/internal/moddeps: check content of all modules in GOROOT + 2021-01-2092cb157cf3[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: late expansion of return values + 2021-01-20d2d155d1aeruntime: don't adjust timer pp field in timerWaiting status + 2021-01-20803d18fc6ccmd/go: set Incomplete field on go list output if no files match embed + 2021-01-206e243ce71dcmd/go: have go mod vendor copy embedded files in subdirs + 2021-01-20fa01ade41e[dev.typeparams] go/types: add tests from dev.go2go + 2021-01-20734cb8be0a[dev.typeparams] go/types: refactor untyped conversion for typeparams + 2021-01-20be28e5abc5cmd/go: fix mod_get_fallback test + 2021-01-20928bda4f4aruntime: convert openbsd/amd64 locking to libc + 2021-01-20d8796b5670[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: report type of nil based on context + 2021-01-1948a3cb399d[dev.typeparams] go/types: fix some merge errors in call.go + 2021-01-193e15bf7716[dev.typeparams] go/types: don't modify Named.underlying in validType + 2021-01-19f38f862417[dev.typeparams] go/types: strip annotations from errors + 2021-01-192e64511ac9[dev.typeparams] go/types: unify methods in missingMethod + 2021-01-19958927c824[dev.typeparams] go/parser: error for type instances without ParseTypeParams + 2021-01-1990bfc73071[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: cache mapped types during irgen + 2021-01-193c0a39c964[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: minor fixes/cleanups around testing + 2021-01-19824f2d635ccmd/go: allow go fmt to complete when embedded file is missing + 2021-01-190575e35e50cmd/compile: require 'go 1.16' go.mod line for //go:embed + 2021-01-199423d50d53[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use '%q' for printing rune values less than 128 + 2021-01-19ccb2e90688cmd/link: exit before Asmb2 if error + 2021-01-19ca5774a5a5embed: treat uninitialized FS as empty + 2021-01-19d047c91a6ccmd/link,runtime: switch openbsd/amd64 to pthreads + 2021-01-1961debffd97runtime: factor out usesLibcall + 2021-01-199fed39d281runtime: factor out mStackIsSystemAllocated + 2021-01-19a2f825c542[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: directly create go.map and go.track symbols + 2021-01-194a4212c0e5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: refactor Linksym creation + 2021-01-194f5c603c0f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup callTargetLSym + 2021-01-18dbab079835runtime: free Windows event handles after last lock is dropped + 2021-01-185a8fbb0d2dos: do not close syscall.Stdin in TestReadStdin + 2021-01-18422f38fb6c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move stack objects to liveness + 2021-01-186113db0bb4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: convert OPANIC argument to interface{} during typecheck + 2021-01-184c835f9169[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use LinksymOffsetExpr in TypePtr/ItabAddr + 2021-01-180ffa1ead6e[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use *obj.LSym instead of *ir.Name for staticdata functions + 2021-01-177e0fa38aad[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove unneeded packages from ir.Pkgs + 2021-01-1799a5db11ac[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use LinksymOffsetExpr in walkConvInterface + 2021-01-1787845d14f9[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add ir.TailCallStmt + 2021-01-17e3027c6828[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix linux-amd64-noopt builder + 2021-01-1759ff93fe64[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rename NameOffsetExpr to LinksymOffsetExpr + 2021-01-1782b9cae700[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change ir.NameOffsetExpr to use *obj.LSym instead of *Name + 2021-01-1788956fc4b1[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: stop analyze NameOffsetExpr.Name_ in escape analysis + 2021-01-177ce2a8383d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify stack temp initialization + 2021-01-17ba0e8a92fa[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: refactor temp construction in walk + 2021-01-1778e5aabcdb[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace Node.HasCall with walk.mayCall + 2021-01-166de9423445[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup OAS2FUNC ordering + 2021-01-16a956a0e909[dev.regabi] cmd/compile, runtime: fix up comments/error messages from recent renames + 2021-01-16ab3b67abfd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove ONEWOBJ + 2021-01-16c9b1445ac8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove TypeAssertExpr {Src,Dst}Type fields + 2021-01-15682a1d2176runtime: detect errors in DuplicateHandle + 2021-01-159f83418b83cmd/link: remove GOROOT write in TestBuildForTvOS + 2021-01-15ec9470162fcmd/compile: allow embed into any string or byte slice type + 2021-01-1554198b04dbcmd/compile: disallow embed of var inside func + 2021-01-15b386c735e7cmd/go: fix go generate docs + 2021-01-15502198c8dc[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: consistently report nil type as "untyped nil" + 2021-01-15bb5075a525syscall: remove RtlGenRandom and move it into internal/syscall + 2021-01-151deae0b597os: invoke processKiller synchronously in testKillProcess + 2021-01-1503a875137f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: unexport reflectdata.WriteType + 2021-01-1514537e6e54[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move stkobj symbol generation to SSA + 2021-01-15ab523fc510[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: don't promote Byval CaptureVars if Addrtaken + 2021-01-15ff196c3e84crypto/x509: update iOS bundled roots to version 55188.40.9 + 2021-01-15b7a698c73f[dev.regabi] test: disable test on windows because expected contains path separators. + 2021-01-154be7af23f9[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix ICE during ir.Dump + 2021-01-14e125ccd10ecmd/go: in 'go mod edit', validate versions given to -retract and -exclude + 2021-01-14eb330020dccmd/dist, cmd/go: pass -arch for C compilation on Darwin + 2021-01-1484e8a06f62cmd/cgo: remove unnecessary space in cgo export header + 2021-01-1482c3f0a358[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: untyped shift counts must fit into uint + 2021-01-140c86b999c3cmd/test2json: document passing -test.paniconexit0 + 2021-01-1467bf62d939[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: better error message for invalid ... use + 2021-01-149135795891cmd/go/internal/load: report positions for embed errors + 2021-01-1435b9c66601[dev.regabi] cmd/compile,cmd/link: additional code review suggestions for CL 270863 + 2021-01-14d9b79e53bbcmd/compile: fix wrong complement for arm64 floating-point comparisons + 2021-01-14c73232d08fcmd/go/internal/load: refactor setErrorPos to PackageError.setPos + 2021-01-146aa28d3e06go/build: report positions for go:embed directives + 2021-01-149734fd482d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use node walked flag to prevent double walk for walkSwitch + 2021-01-14f97983249a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move more PAUTOHEAP to SSA construction + 2021-01-144476300425[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use byte for CallExpr.Use + 2021-01-145a5ab24689[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: do not rely on CallExpr.Rargs for detect already walked calls + 2021-01-14ef5285fbd0[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: add types2-based noder + 2021-01-14983ac4b086[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix ICE when initializing blank vars + 2021-01-137eb31d999ccmd/go: add hints to more missing sum error messages + 2021-01-13d6d4673728[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix GOEXPERIMENT=regabi builder + 2021-01-13c41b999ad4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: refactor abiutils from "gc" into new "abi" + 2021-01-13861707a8c8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: added limited //go:registerparams pragma for new ABI dev + 2021-01-13c1370e918f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add code to support register ABI spills around morestack calls + 2021-01-132abd24f3b7[dev.regabi] test: make run.go error messages slightly more informative + 2021-01-139a19481acb[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: make ordering for InvertFlags more stable + 2021-01-12f065ff221b[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (d9acf6f) into dev.typeparams + 2021-01-12d9acf6f3a3[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Func.ClosureType + 2021-01-1241352fd401[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: transform closures during walk + 2021-01-12d6ad88b4db[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: compile functions before closures + 2021-01-12432f9ffb11[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: unindent compileFunctions + 2021-01-12cc90e7a51e[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: always use the compile queue + 2021-01-12cd5b74d2df[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: call NeedFuncSym in InitLSym + 2021-01-12ba76567bc2cmd/go/internal/modload: delete unused *mvsReqs.next method + 2021-01-12665def2c11encoding/asn1: document unmarshaling behavior for IMPLICIT string fields + 2021-01-1295acd8121b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Name.Typegen + 2021-01-1212ee55ba7b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: stop using Vargen for import/export + 2021-01-12b4d2a0445b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: refactor closure var setup/teardown + 2021-01-12099599662d[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: refactor import logic + 2021-01-12106aa941df[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: refactor DWARF scope marking + 2021-01-126a56c6c870[dev.typeparams] go/types: import dev.go2go changes to check tests + 2021-01-12f57f484053[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: decouple escape analysis from Name.Vargen + 2021-01-1181ea89adf3cmd/go: fix non-script staleness checks interacting badly with GOFLAGS + 2021-01-119e746e4255[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: refactor varEmbed logic + 2021-01-113e1a87ac2a[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: extract posMap from noder + 2021-01-112e8f29b79d[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: add types2.Sizes implementation + 2021-01-11759309029fdoc: update editors.html for Go 1.16 + 2021-01-1144d1a8523a[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: fixes for all.bash + 2021-01-118123bc90b8[dev.typeparams] cmd/go: relax test expectation + 2021-01-118c5aa42c79[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: calculate variable sizes in walk + 2021-01-111ce0854157[dev.typeparams] import stmt changes from dev.go2go + 2021-01-11eb53a6c7cf[dev.typeparams] import operand.go changes from dev.go2go + 2021-01-1181cd99858d[dev.typeparams] go/types: import expr changes from dev.go2go + 2021-01-11c3b4c7093acmd/internal/objfile: don't require runtime.symtab symbol for XCOFF + 2021-01-107fd84c6e46[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove OCLOSUREREAD + 2021-01-10c9c26d7ffb[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use ClosureVars for method value wrappers + 2021-01-10950cf4d46c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: bind closure vars during SSA constructions + 2021-01-108b2efa990b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: deref PAUTOHEAPs during SSA construction + 2021-01-0859bfc18e34cmd/go: add hint to read 'go help vcs' to GOVCS errors + 2021-01-086ee9b118a2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove fmt_test code; it has outlived its usefulness + 2021-01-08822aeacd9e[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: remove ShortString, use String instead + 2021-01-08cd6f3a54e4cmd/go: revise 'go help' documentation for modules + 2021-01-086192b98751cmd/go: make hints in error messages more consistent + 2021-01-0825886cf4bdcmd/go: preserve sums for indirect deps fetched by 'go mod download' + 2021-01-086250833911runtime/metrics: mark histogram metrics as cumulative + 2021-01-088f6a9acbb3runtime/metrics: remove unused StopTheWorld Description field + 2021-01-08d017a1b649[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: add Walk node vistor from types2 + 2021-01-087903214fcc[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: add ShortString tests + 2021-01-080aede1205b[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: use syntax printer to print expressions + 2021-01-08934f9dc0ef[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: clean up node printing API + 2021-01-086598c65646cmd/compile: fix exponential-time init-cycle reporting + 2021-01-08fefad1dc85test: fix timeout code for invoking compiler + 2021-01-086728118e0acmd/go: pass signals forward during "go tool" + 2021-01-08e65c543f3cgo/build/constraint: add parser for build tag constraint expressions + 2021-01-080c5afc4fb7testing/fstest,os: clarify racy behavior of TestFS + 2021-01-0832afcc9436runtime/metrics: change unit on *-by-size metrics to match bucket unit + 2021-01-08c6513bca5aio/fs: minor corrections to Glob doc + 2021-01-08b241938e04[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix some methods error text + 2021-01-08304f769ffccmd/compile: don't short-circuit copies whose source is volatile + 2021-01-08ae97717133runtime,runtime/metrics: use explicit histogram boundaries + 2021-01-08a9ccd2d795go/build: skip string literal while findEmbed + 2021-01-08d92f8add32archive/tar: fix typo in comment + 2021-01-08cab1202183cmd/link: accept extra blocks in TestFallocate + 2021-01-08ee4d32249bio/fs: minor corrections to Glob release date + 2021-01-0854bd1ccce2cmd: update to latest golang.org/x/tools + 2021-01-079ec21a8f34Revert "reflect: support multiple keys in struct tags" + 2021-01-07091414b5b7io/fs: correct WalkDirFunc documentation + 2021-01-079b55088d6bdoc/go1.16: add release note for disallowing non-ASCII import paths + 2021-01-075b9152de57[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (cb05a0a) into dev.typeparams + 2021-01-07fa90aaca7dcmd/compile: fix late expand_calls leaf type for OpStructSelect/OpArraySelect + 2021-01-077cee66d4cbcmd/go: add documentation for Embed fields in go list output + 2021-01-07e60cffa4cahtml/template: attach functions to namespace + 2021-01-076da2d3b7d7cmd/link: fix typo in asm.go + 2021-01-077e689f86e3[dev.typeparams] go/types: move use and useLHS to match dev.go2go + 2021-01-07df81a15819runtime: check mips64 VDSO clock_gettime return code + 2021-01-064787e906cfcrypto/x509: rollback new CertificateRequest fields + 2021-01-06c9658bee93cmd/go: make module suggestion more friendly + 2021-01-064c668b25c6runtime/metrics: fix panic message for Float64Histogram + 2021-01-06d76cefed1f[dev.typeparams] go/types: remove disabled code related to type lists + 2021-01-060e286579c5[dev.typeparams] go/types: import typexpr.go from dev.go2go + 2021-01-069546596d77[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: remove disabled code related to type lists + 2021-01-06196102d046[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of typexpr.go + 2021-01-06d2131704a6net/http/httputil: fix deadlock in DumpRequestOut + 2021-01-053e1e13ce6dcmd/go: set cfg.BuildMod to "readonly" by default with no module root + 2021-01-050b0d004983cmd/go: pass embedcfg to gccgo if supported + 2021-01-05cb05a0aa6a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove toolstash scaffolding + 2021-01-059821838832[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove CaptureVars + 2021-01-05fd43831f44[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: reimplement capture analysis + 2021-01-05fb69c67cad[dev.regabi] test: enable finalizer tests on !amd64 + 2021-01-051b85e7c057cmd/go: don't scan gccgo standard library packages for imports + 2021-01-0581f4f0e912[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove race-y check in Name.Canonical + 2021-01-056b37b15d95runtime: don't take allglock in tracebackothers + 2021-01-054a9d9adea4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove initname function + 2021-01-05a8fe098a12[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (77365c5) into dev.typeparams + 2021-01-0577365c5ed7[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add Name.Canonical and move Byval + 2021-01-05e09783cbc0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: make ir.StaticValue safer + 2021-01-059aa950c407[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: make ir.OuterValue safer + 2021-01-05eb626409d1[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify CaptureVars + 2021-01-05c28ca67a96[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix ir.Dump for []*CaseClause, etc + 2021-01-049eef49cfa6math/rand: fix typo in comment + 2021-01-04b01fb2af9etesting/fstest: fix typo in error message + 2021-01-04f24e40c14a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Name.Class_ accessors + 2021-01-04d89705e087[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix re-export of parameters + 2021-01-04290b4154b7[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix ICE due to large uint64 constants + 2021-01-04a30fd52884[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use ir.NewNameAt in SubstArgTypes + 2021-01-038fc44cf0fa[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove a couple CloneName calls + 2021-01-03907a4bfdc7[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix map assignment order + 2021-01-03f2e6dab048[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove walkReturn "common case" path + 2021-01-03d36a6bf44d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: improve walkReturn common case + 2021-01-03a317067d65[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: improve ascompatee + 2021-01-035d80a590a2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify walkReturn + 2021-01-03bb1b6c95c2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Node.{,Set}Walkdef + 2021-01-0357c426c9a5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: tighten typecheckdef to *ir.Name + 2021-01-03b1747756e3[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: reorganize escape analysis somewhat + 2021-01-02f2538033c0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Nodes.Set [generated] + 2021-01-022f2d4b4e68[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove {Ptr,Set}Init from Node interface + 2021-01-013dd5867605doc: 2021 is the Year of the Gopher + 2021-01-011544a03198[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: refactor redundant type conversion [generated] + 2021-01-017958a23ea3[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use *ir.Name where possible in inl.go + 2021-01-01bfa97ba48f[dev.regabi] test: add another closure test case + 2021-01-0167ad695416[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split escape analysis state + 2021-01-01fad9a8b528[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify inlining of closures + 2021-01-017d55669847[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify dwarfgen.declPos + 2021-01-019ed1577779[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Func.ClosureEnter + 2021-01-01ece345aa69[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: expand documentation for Func.Closure{Vars,Enter} + 2021-01-016ddbc75efd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: earlier deadcode removal + 2021-01-0168e6fa4f68[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix package-initialization order + 2021-01-013a4474cdfd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: some more manual shuffling + 2021-01-010f1d2129c4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: reshuffle type-checking code [generated] + 2021-01-01b8fd3440cd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: report unused variables during typecheck + 2021-01-01fd22df9905[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove idempotent Name() calls [generated] + 2020-12-31dfbcff80c6[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: make copyExpr return *ir.Name directly + 2020-12-3177fd81a3e6[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use names for keep alive variables in function call + 2020-12-318fe1197654[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Name.orig + 2020-12-31477b049060[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix printing of method expressions + 2020-12-3195ce805d14io/fs: remove darwin/arm64 special condition + 2020-12-3020d0991b86lib/time, time/tzdata: update tzdata to 2020f + 2020-12-30ed301733bbmisc/cgo/testcarchive: remove special flags for Darwin/ARM + 2020-12-300ae2e032f2misc/cgo/test: enable TestCrossPackageTests on darwin/arm64 + 2020-12-30178c667db2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix OSLICEARR comments + 2020-12-30f0d99def5b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add newline to ir.Dump + 2020-12-30451693af71[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify typecheckdef + 2020-12-300c1a899a6c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix defined-pointer method call check + 2020-12-30f9b67f76a5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change ir.DoChildren to use bool result type + 2020-12-30499851bac8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: generalize ir/mknode.go + 2020-12-3082ab3d1448[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use *ir.Name for Decl.X + 2020-12-309958b7ed3e[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: unexport ir.FmtNode + 2020-12-29780b4de16bmisc/ios: fix wording for command line instructions + 2020-12-29b4a71c95d2doc/go1.16: reference misc/ios/README for how to build iOS programs + 2020-12-29f83e0f6616misc/ios: add to README how to build ios executables + 2020-12-29f5816624cd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change AddrExpr.Alloc to AddrExpr.Prealloc + 2020-12-29850aa7c60c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use *ir.Name instead of ir.Node for CaseClause.Var + 2020-12-2937babc97bb[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: allow visitor visits *ir.Name + 2020-12-295cf3c87fa6[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: generate case/comm clause functions in mknode.go + 2020-12-29b3e1ec97fd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move new addrtaken bit back to the old name + 2020-12-290620c674dd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove original addrtaken bit + 2020-12-290523d525ae[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate out address taken computation from typechecker + 2020-12-299ea272e5ec[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify ir.Func somewhat + 2020-12-29e40cb4d4ae[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove more unused code + 2020-12-296f30c95048[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove unneeded indirection + 2020-12-29171fc6f223[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove workarounds for go/constant issues + 2020-12-2933801cdc62[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use Ntype where possible + 2020-12-2982ad3083f8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove typ from AssignOpStmt + 2020-12-29e34c44a7c4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: refactoring typecheck arith + 2020-12-29a5ec920160[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: more Linksym cleanup + 2020-12-29ec59b197d5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rewrite to use linksym helpers [generated] + 2020-12-2925c613c02d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add Linksym helpers + 2020-12-29289da2b33e[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move Node.Opt to Name + 2020-12-296acbae4fcc[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: address some ir TODOs + 2020-12-294629f6a51d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: merge {Selector,CallPart,Method}Expr + 2020-12-29e563715b30[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Sym.Importdef + 2020-12-293f370b75fb[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup //go:generate directives + 2020-12-284fd9455882io/fs: fix typo in comment + 2020-12-28a800acaae1[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (07569da) into dev.typeparams + 2020-12-2807569dac4e[dev.regabi] all: merge master (1d78139) into dev.regabi + 2020-12-2876136be027[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: check for recursive import in ImportBody + 2020-12-28fda7ec3a3f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Name.IsDDD, etc + 2020-12-28098a6490b9[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Declare in makepartialcall + 2020-12-28137f0d2e06[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove unnecessary Name.Sym call + 2020-12-283383b5c74a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: flatten dependency graph [generated] + 2020-12-28f8afb8216a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rename CommStmt and CaseStmt [generated] + 2020-12-285f3bd59a0d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove some unneeded code in package ir + 2020-12-283bdafb0d82[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove CommStmt.List + 2020-12-282ecf52b841[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate CommStmt from CaseStmt + 2020-12-28ed9772e130[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add explicit file name in types generation + 2020-12-28a59d26603f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use []*CaseStmt in {Select,Switch}Stmt + 2020-12-28fbc4458c06[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify some tree traversal code + 2020-12-286c67677541[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify FuncName and PkgFuncName + 2020-12-28676d794b81[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove refersToCommonName + 2020-12-28c98548e110[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: merge ascompatee, ascompatee1, and reorder3 + 2020-12-284c215c4fa9[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify and optimize reorder3 + 2020-12-28e6c973198d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: stop mangling SelectorExpr.Sel for ODOTMETH + 2020-12-28135ce1c485[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: desugar OMETHEXPR into ONAME during walk + 2020-12-280f732f8c91[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: minor walkExpr cleanups + 2020-12-280de8eafd98[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove SelectorExpr.Offset field + 2020-12-28a4f335f420[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: always use a Field for ODOTPTR expressions + 2020-12-27dd40bbc57b[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: re-enable internal/types2 test + 2020-12-261d78139128runtime/cgo: fix Android build with NDK 22 + 2020-12-252018b68a65net/mail: don't use MDT in test + 2020-12-25e4f293d853[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix OCALLMETH desugaring + 2020-12-251d9a1f67d5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: don't emit reflect data for method types + 2020-12-25396b6c2e7c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup assignment typechecking + 2020-12-25e24d2f3d05[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove typ from RangeStmt + 2020-12-252785c691c2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup devirtualization docs + 2020-12-254b1d0fe66f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: new devirtualization pkg [generated] + 2020-12-24082cc8b7d9[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change ir.IsAssignable -> ir.IsAddressable + 2020-12-2427b248b307[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate range stmt Vars to Key, Value nodes + 2020-12-2340818038bf[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change CaseStmt.Vars to Var + 2020-12-23b116404444runtime: shift timeHistogram buckets and allow negative durations + 2020-12-238db7e2fecdruntime: fix allocs-by-size and frees-by-size buckets + 2020-12-23fb96f07e1aruntime: fix nStackRoots comment about stack roots + 2020-12-23d1502b3c72lib/time, time/tzdata: update tzdata to 2020e + 2020-12-2330c99cbb7acmd/go: add the Retract field to 'go help mod edit' definition of the GoMod struct + 2020-12-2349d0b239cbdoc: fix a typo in contribute.html + 2020-12-239eeed291bc[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: eliminate usage of ir.Node in liveness + 2020-12-23d1d64e4cea[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split SliceExpr.List into separate fields + 2020-12-2398a73030b0cmd/go: in 'go get', promote named implicit dependencies to explicit + 2020-12-23d19018e8f1[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split SliceHeaderExpr.LenCap into separate fields + 2020-12-2353f082b0ee[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup export code further + 2020-12-2331267f82e1[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify function/interface/struct typechecking + 2020-12-23addade2cce[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: prefer types constructors over typecheck + 2020-12-2318ebfb49e9[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup noder + 2020-12-2387a592b356[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup import/export code + 2020-12-235898025026[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: update mkbuiltin.go to use new type constructors + 2020-12-2363c96c2ee7[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: update mkbuiltin.go and re-enable TestBuiltin + 2020-12-23d99dd17827[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (37f138d) into dev.typeparams + 2020-12-2337f138df6b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package test [generated] + 2020-12-233d8a3cb06b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package pkginit [generated] + 2020-12-233f04d964ab[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split up walkexpr1, walkstmt [generated] + 2020-12-23e4895ab4c0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package walk [generated] + 2020-12-2301fd2d05c8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package dwarfgen [generated] + 2020-12-236c34d2f420[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package ssagen [generated] + 2020-12-23de65151e50[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package reflectdata [generated] + 2020-12-234dfb5d91a8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package staticdata [generated] + 2020-12-23fbc82f03b1[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package noder [generated] + 2020-12-23de454eef5f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package escape [generated] + 2020-12-23071ab0a14c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package liveness [generated] + 2020-12-230ced54062e[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package objw [generated] + 2020-12-23575fd6ff0a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package inline [generated] + 2020-12-230256ba99a8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split up typecheck1 [generated] + 2020-12-23b9693d7627[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: split out package typecheck [generated] + 2020-12-23dac0de3748[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move type size calculations into package types [generated] + 2020-12-23527a1895d6[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move helpers into package ir [generated] + 2020-12-2365c4c6dfb2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: group known symbols, packages, names [generated] + 2020-12-239ee309255a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move helpers into package types [generated] + 2020-12-23ead4957892[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move helpers into package base [generated] + 2020-12-23440308ffd7[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify Nodes usage [generated] + 2020-12-23f9d373720e[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Left, Right etc methods [generated] + 2020-12-2314d667341f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Node.Left etc [generated] + 2020-12-236f27d29be0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove ir.Nod [generated] + 2020-12-23fd6ba1c8a2os/signal: fix a deadlock with syscall.AllThreadsSyscall() use + 2020-12-2369cf39089f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: do not die in early base.FlushErrors + 2020-12-228b1fbd8215[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (6d03cde) into dev.typeparams + 2020-12-236d03cde88a[dev.regabi] cmd/dist: automatically bootstrap cmd subdirs + 2020-12-23b0b0d98283runtime: linux iscgo support for not blocking nptl signals + 2020-12-2223922cf83b[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (d1d1099) into dev.typeparams + 2020-12-23788dad53c5[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: disable external test temporarily + 2020-12-23d1d1099c91[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fixes for big rewrite + 2020-12-22223331fc0ccmd/go/internal/modload: add hint for missing implicit dependency + 2020-12-2291cc51e005[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi (ec741b0) into dev.typeparams + 2020-12-22ec741b0447[dev.regabi] all: merge master (c9fb4eb) into dev.regabi + 2020-12-22e02a007ffd[dev.typeparams] codereview.cfg: add config for dev.typeparams + 2020-12-22acc32ea124[dev.regabi] codereview.cfg: add config for dev.regabi + 2020-12-22c9fb4eb0a2cmd/link: handle grouped resource sections + 2020-12-22c40934b33d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: adjust one case in walkexpr + 2020-12-22280e7fd1ee[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: only access Func method on concrete types + 2020-12-2251ba53f5c2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate misc for gc split + 2020-12-22572f168ed2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate various from Main + 2020-12-223b12c6dc08[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate typecheck more cleanly + 2020-12-227c8f5356ab[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate dowidth better + 2020-12-22c06a354bcctest: trigger SIGSEGV instead of SIGTRAP in issue11656.go + 2020-12-220aa9b4709acmd/pack: r command create output file if not exist + 2020-12-22cb28c96be8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile,cmd/link: initial support for ABI wrappers + 2020-12-2241e7901ca4[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: report error for invalid main function signature + 2020-12-2253c4c17b09[dev.typeparams] all: merge dev.regabi into dev.typeparams + 2020-12-22c8610e4700[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add ir.BasicLit to represent literals + 2020-12-223512cde10a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: stop reusing Ntype for OSLICELIT length + 2020-12-222755361e6a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change noder.declNames to returns ir.Names + 2020-12-22301af2cb71[dev.regabi] runtime/race: adjust test pattern match for ABI wrapper + 2020-12-22306b2451c8[dev.regabi] runtime: fix ABI targets in runtime.panic{Index,Slice} shims + 2020-12-2194cfeca0a5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: stop using ONONAME with Name + 2020-12-21cb4898a77d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify declaration importing + 2020-12-2106915ac14d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move itabname call out of implements + 2020-12-214e8f681effMerge "[dev.regabi] all: merge master into dev.regabi" into dev.regabi + 2020-12-211a523c8ab0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate nowritebarrierrec from main + 2020-12-21e999c17022[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate ssa from other phases + 2020-12-214836e28ac0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate noder more cleanly + 2020-12-2185ce6ecfe3[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: separate exportsym more cleanly + 2020-12-211a3b036b83[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: collect global compilation state + 2020-12-212153a99914[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: setup to move Addrconst, Patch into cmd/internal/obj + 2020-12-210bb0baf683[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - more + 2020-12-21ca8e17164e[dev.regabi] all: merge master into dev.regabi + 2020-12-18c45313bf45[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove prealloc map + 2020-12-18ffb0cb7044[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove uses of Name.Offset, Name.copy + 2020-12-18c76be2a24e[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add ONAMEOFFSET, delete to-be-deleted fields + 2020-12-184e8f1e139f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - sinit + 2020-12-1827aba22651[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - walk + 2020-12-180b9cb63b8d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rename ir.Find to ir.Any and update uses + 2020-12-17060cdbc7b5[dev.typeparams] go/types: import object resolution from dev.go2go + 2020-12-17c4f0da5750[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: remove code for implicit type arguments + 2020-12-17aeedc9f804[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove OSELRECV + 2020-12-170328c3b660[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use OSELRECV2 for all <-c variants + 2020-12-1788e1415d08[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add type assertion in regabi test + 2020-12-179c384e881e[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - mop-up + 2020-12-17be64c8bece[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - noder + 2020-12-175024396563[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - subr + 2020-12-17dd67b13d07[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - range, select, swt + 2020-12-1742fec2ded4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - const + 2020-12-17389ae3d5ba[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - inl + 2020-12-175fe64298a4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - import/export + 2020-12-17aa55d4e54b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - escape + 2020-12-17846740c17f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - ssa + 2020-12-17bf9bbbd6ed[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - order + 2020-12-174ac6a6317b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup for concrete types - typecheck + 2020-12-17f6efa3d4a4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify ir.Find, replace ir.Inspect with ir.Visit + 2020-12-17f6d2834f8f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: limit Implicit method to nodes where it is defined + 2020-12-177fde0d2b50[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove use of Initorder, Offset Node fields for initorder + 2020-12-17114af2a044[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change Nodes to be a slice + 2020-12-174dfc7333f4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: update ir/fmt for concrete types + 2020-12-17a997543292[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix potential closure waste in Order + 2020-12-17578fbbe3aa[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rewrite some generic ir.Nod calls + 2020-12-175ae70b85c6[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup preparing for concrete types, 2 + 2020-12-17fa06894b36[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup preparing for concrete types + 2020-12-16068dd0470b[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: don't panic when providing -verify + 2020-12-167909d6ec28[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: type parameters must always be named + 2020-12-163b5918c757[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of predicates.go + 2020-12-1609abd23d9e[dev.typeparams] go/types: import predicates.go from dev.go2go + 2020-12-16f38da2cbb6[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of unify.go + 2020-12-16ceb77db24f[dev.typeparams] go/types: import some support functions from dev.go2go + 2020-12-15a4d4c10340[dev.typeparams] go/types: import lookup logic from dev.go2go + 2020-12-151306435103[dev.typeparams] go/types: import changes to types.Info from dev.go2go + 2020-12-156b18081d01[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: don't crash if import path is missing + 2020-12-1514e4267c34[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: report error for invalid (but empty) expr switch + 2020-12-1596999296e6[dev.typeparams] go/types: import unify.go and infer.go from dev.go2go + 2020-12-154c2d66f642[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use ir.Ident for imported identifiers + 2020-12-15305d93ef84[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: type check externdcl earlier + 2020-12-159f16620f46[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix latent Sym.SetPkgDef issue + 2020-12-155aff757efc[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/gc: provide types2 selection info to noder + 2020-12-14fea898a4b0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: intercept the making of OADDR nodes + 2020-12-14c8e73489c3go/types: import instance.expand and subst.go from dev.go2go + 2020-12-143a912f279f[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: export NewName and use it + 2020-12-14617383377f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: reorg generated array hash loop + 2020-12-148ec9e89000[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: fix stray ')' in error + 2020-12-148fe8e29c9f[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: report error for invalid type expression + 2020-12-14f8930a2413[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: report invalid ... in conversions + 2020-12-145aca6e7857[dev.typeparams] test: finish triaging all outstanding failing tests + 2020-12-14df58f3368e[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: don't report two errors for bad strings + 2020-12-1491803a2df3[dev.typeparams] merge: merge branch 'dev.regabi' into 'dev.typeparams' + 2020-12-1489f38323fa[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add register ABI analysis utilities + 2020-12-148ce37e4110[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix noopt builder + 2020-12-147e17b46c58[dev.regabi] cmd/compile/internal/types: add IsScalar query method + 2020-12-142b76429eb0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: refactor type initialization code into helper + 2020-12-149c5241e520[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove unnecessary String methods + 2020-12-14267975dc47Merge branch 'master' into dev.regabi + 2020-12-11a20021227e[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: bring over subst.go changes from go/types + 2020-12-10ddf44904f1[dev.typeparams] test: exclude 32bit-specific test that fails on 32bit platforms (fix build) + 2020-12-10dbce27d29c[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: report correct line number for missing key + 2020-12-09edf80c4209[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: adjusted more error messages for compiler + 2020-12-0943c7b214db[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: adjusted qualified identifier error message for compiler + 2020-12-096812eae2e2[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: adjust init cycle error message for compiler + 2020-12-09810957b155[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: adjusted array error message for compiler + 2020-12-0963bc23b545[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: first start towards using Ident + 2020-12-09eae8fd519b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: iexport debug crumbs for toolstash + 2020-12-09837b35cc55[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: adjust IR representations + 2020-12-090c49440664[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: arrange for walkstmt, walkexpr, to return from switch cases + 2020-12-094090af83c5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use reflection in ir.Dump + 2020-12-09e2d278bfeb[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: two small fixes + 2020-12-09c32566c336[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: avoid endless recursion in Comparable predicate + 2020-12-086015c4e543[dev.typeparams] go/*: add TODOs from CLs importing dev.go2go changes + 2020-12-08b6e678573d[dev.typeparams] go/types: import universe changes from dev.go2go + 2020-12-0814dc2d2345[dev.typeparams] go/types: import the Type API from dev.go2go + 2020-12-08dbf2fc8cff[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace many uses of ir.Node with *ir.Name + 2020-12-08bb31c75343[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: ir.Node is no longer an ssa.Aux + 2020-12-086db970e20a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rewrite Aux uses of ir.Node to *ir.Name [generated] + 2020-12-081c8943a6ad[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: introduce FwdRefAux for wrapping ir.Node as ssa.Aux + 2020-12-08dcec658f6c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change LocalSlot.N to *ir.Name + 2020-12-081a98ab0e2d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add ssa.Aux tag interface for Value.Aux + 2020-12-0763722da46b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix comment + 2020-12-076d783e7440[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: export all Node fields [generated] + 2020-12-072de0af3b1b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: prepare mknode for rename of Func.body + 2020-12-07724374f859[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rewrite stale format strings + 2020-12-0761889ba680[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify fmtmap + 2020-12-076ea2b8c54c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up and document formatting + 2020-12-07bb4a37bd93[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move Type, Sym printing to package types [generated] + 2020-12-0770155cca81[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: untangle FmtFlag, FmtMode + 2020-12-073904a62829[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove mode.Sprintf etc in printer + 2020-12-07fb17dfa43d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: narrow interface between ir and types + 2020-12-073b25f3c150[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify Op, Node, Nodes printing + 2020-12-078ce2605c5b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: untangle ir.Dump printing + 2020-12-07158c9dd131[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: reorganize ir/fmt.go + 2020-12-07a79742f39a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove "short" node header mode + 2020-12-07ef5964dd6b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: arrange for typecheck1 to end in switch + 2020-12-07dcc640e839[dev.regabi] test: add exhaustive test of evaluated but not used + 2020-12-072cec6c4a8c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: generate Node methods using program + 2020-12-07cd15a48036[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: correct error position for inherited const init expression + 2020-12-07d90b199e9c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: silence errors about missing blank methods + 2020-12-06e885df2731[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change iexport to avoid map[ir.Node] + 2020-12-062d4c95565a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change nowritebarrierrec to use map[*ir.Func] + 2020-12-061b5eed8982[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace NodeQueue with NameQueue + 2020-12-066c5967e528[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: change NodeSet to NameSet + 2020-12-0402820d61a9[dev.typeparams] test: enable some more errorcheck tests + 2020-12-0446b6e70e3b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace ir.Node with *ir.Name in Order + 2020-12-04b75f51c645[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace ir.Node with *ir.Name in Liveness + 2020-12-04133b03e1c3[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rewrite code to use DeclaredBy + 2020-12-04d9cb84c84b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add SameSource, Uses, and DeclaredBy helpers + 2020-12-045dbd2e8e44[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove DeepCopyNode interface + 2020-12-049ab3d854ad[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: avoid general traversal in deadcode + 2020-12-04bb5aa2b664[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: implement editChildren for nodes + 2020-12-044725c3ffd1[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: implement doChildren for nodes + 2020-12-0418f2df7e81[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: implement copy for nodes + 2020-12-04d855b30fe4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use ir.EditChildren for inline rewriting + 2020-12-04b9df26d7a8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use ir.Find for "search" traversals + 2020-12-040d1b44c645[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: introduce IR visitors + 2020-12-047fcf5b994c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace inlcopy with ir.DeepCopy + 2020-12-04989a3f5041[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: adjustments to Copy and DeepCopy + 2020-12-0499ecfcae31[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: swap inlining order of if then vs else blocks + 2020-12-0484cb51d7d7[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: eliminate more SetOrig + 2020-12-039ff27e9fad[dev.typeparams] test: run all errorcheck tests that pass compiler with -G flag + 2020-12-03351bc2f38c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: store types.Field on {Selector,CallPart}Expr + 2020-12-03a2058bac21[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add ConstExpr + 2020-12-03beb5e05404[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: refactoring prep for ConstExpr + 2020-12-037a1aa7dfaf[dev.typeparams] test: adjust more test cases to match compiler -G output + 2020-12-037e81135be7[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rename addinit(n, init) to initExpr(init, n) + 2020-12-036e30fc10fc[dev.regabi] all: merge master (d0c0dc682c) into dev.regabi + 2020-12-0307d32c8183[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: adjust some error messages to match the compiler + 2020-12-0359b8916d48[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: handle OCONVNOP better in ssa + 2020-12-0300e5727790[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove okAs + 2020-12-035a3b6796cd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove extra typ field in Name struct + 2020-12-036b4da14dd3[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: provide scaffolding to get types2 types during noding + 2020-12-0264bc656aed[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use explicit block statements for init + 2020-12-0272cc2353f0[dev.typeparams] go/printer: adapt changes from dev.go2go + 2020-12-02ecc8d15bc5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: delete OEMPTY + 2020-12-02ec5f349b22[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: merge OBLOCK and OEMPTY + 2020-12-02c769d393de[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add ir.NewDeclNameAt + 2020-12-02c10b0ad628[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add Pkg parameter to type constructors + 2020-12-0242e46f4ae0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: comment out //go:linkname warning + 2020-12-0277a71e0057[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add Interface, Signature, and Struct constructors + 2020-12-0215085f8974[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: tweak hash bucket type descriptor + 2020-12-02ab18125567[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: no "declared but not used" errors for invalid var decls + 2020-12-02036245862a[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: set compiler error message for undeclared variable + 2020-12-011408d26ccc[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup some leftover cruft + 2020-12-01bdc4ffe9a8[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: add Config.IgnoreBranches flag + 2020-12-0172ad2f44ea[dev.typeparams] test: add scaffolding to run.go to check compiler with -G flag + 2020-12-0187bc85a846[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: adjustments toward matching compiler error messages + 2020-12-015ffa275f3c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: first pass at abstracting Type + 2020-12-016ca23a45fe[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: only save ONAMEs on Curfn.Dcl + 2020-12-01a17c5e2fce[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add NewBasic and cleanup universe + 2020-12-01f37aa5e4e2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add NewNamed + 2020-12-0163a6f08b39[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move setUnderlying to package types + 2020-12-01f2311462ab[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup type-checking of defined types + 2020-12-012d6ff998ed[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: process //go:linknames after declarations + 2020-12-01ecff7628ea[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: unexport Node.RawCopy + 2020-12-014da41fb3f8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use ir.Copy instead of direct use of RawCopy + 2020-12-01fbc4c6a3ae[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: remove support for type parameter pointer designation + 2020-12-01dadfc80bc1[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: improve findTypeLoop + 2020-12-0145f3b646d4[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add OSTMTEXPR Op + 2020-12-019a5a11adfa[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add custom expression Node implementations + 2020-12-010f9f27287b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove types.InitSyms + 2020-11-3041ad4dec99[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix -h + 2020-11-30ffa68716a0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add custom statement Node implementations + 2020-11-302bc814cd18[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up ONEW node + 2020-11-30b7f67b75d2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up in preparation for expression Nodes + 2020-11-305fc192af56[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up Order.copyExpr TODO + 2020-11-307c9b6b1ca2[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up in preparation for statement Nodes + 2020-11-30c6de5d8d1f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify export data representation of nil + 2020-11-30ae1a337809[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove ODCLFIELD and ODDD ops + 2020-11-304e7685ef1a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add custom type syntax Node implementations + 2020-11-30d40869fced[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move gc.treecopy to ir.DeepCopy + 2020-11-30f0001e8867[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add OTSLICE Op + 2020-11-301b84aabb01[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move typenod, typenodl to ir.TypeNode, ir.TypeNodeAt [generated] + 2020-11-30e5c6463e20[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add ir.CallPartExpr + 2020-11-304eaef981b5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add ir.Closure, ir.ClosureRead + 2020-11-30e84b27bec5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up Name and Func uses + 2020-11-30c4bd0b7474[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: make ir.Func the ODCLFUNC Node implementation + 2020-11-3065ae15ac5d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move func code from node.go to func.go + 2020-11-30862f638a89[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: make ir.Name the ONAME Node implementation + 2020-11-30f6106d195d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add ir.PkgName + 2020-11-30420809ab08[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move name code from node.go to name.go + 2020-11-30be3d8b40b5[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: ir.BranchStmt, add ir.EmptyStmt, ir.LabelStmt + 2020-11-30b09dbc6913[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove SetOp(OEMPTY) calls + 2020-11-30171787efcd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove Orig, SetOrig from Node interface + 2020-11-3079a3d5ce15[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: setup for new Node implementations + 2020-11-300c65a2f317[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: drop Node.HasOpt method + 2020-11-3065f4ec2fae[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup label handling + 2020-11-2588e33f6ecb[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix latent import/export issue with break/continue + 2020-11-25ba9c35aa12[dev.typeparams] merge dev.regabi40f5bc4d55into dev.typeparams + 2020-11-2540f5bc4d55[dev.regabi] merge master4481ad6eb6into dev.regabi + 2020-11-255c2e14872c[dev.typeparams] merge dev.regabi41f3af9d04into dev.typeparams + 2020-11-2541f3af9d04[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace *Node type with an interface Node [generated] + 2020-11-254d0d9c2c5c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: introduce ir.INode interface for *ir.Node + 2020-11-25c26aead50c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: convert types.Node (a pointer) to types.IRNode (an interface) + 2020-11-25acb4d1cef1[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: use Node getters and setters [generated] + 2020-11-2541ab6689ed[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rewrite a few ++/--/+=/-= to prep for getters/setters [generated] + 2020-11-25048debb224[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove gc ↔ ssa cycle hacks + 2020-11-252c25cd5ba7[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: a type parameter is a valid type case in a type switch + 2020-11-2584e2bd611f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: introduce cmd/compile/internal/ir [generated] + 2020-11-25331b8b4797[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: move okforconst into its own declaration + 2020-11-2526b66fd60b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: introduce cmd/compile/internal/base [generated] + 2020-11-25eb3086e5a8[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: finish cleanup of Debug parsing + 2020-11-253c240f5d17[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up debug flag (-d) handling [generated] + 2020-11-25756661c82a[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: finish cleanup of Flag initialization + 2020-11-25259fd8adbb[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: fix reporting of overflow + 2020-11-2518573aea3c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up flag handling [generated] + 2020-11-256e583d65ab[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: simplify fmt handling of Nodes + 2020-11-25d166ef6876[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add Node field getters and setters + 2020-11-259262909764[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rewrite problematic use of Node fields + 2020-11-259e0e43d84d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove uses of dummy + 2020-11-254a6b4fd139[dev.regabi] add FatalfAt and fix Fatalf docs + 2020-11-25484449c641[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove file mistakenly added by CL 272248 + 2020-11-257d72951229[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace Val with go/constant.Value + 2020-11-246826287c6b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace evconst with non-mutating version + 2020-11-24c22bc745c3[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: delete n.List after collapsing OADDSTR to OLITERAL + 2020-11-24ee6132a698[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: introduce OMETHEXPR instead of overloading ONAME + 2020-11-244f9d54e41d[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add OMETHEXPR + 2020-11-24fd11a32c92[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up Node.Func + 2020-11-248e2106327c[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up tests to know less about Node + 2020-11-24742c05e3bc[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: prep refactoring for switching to go/constant + 2020-11-240fb733b7f7[dev.typeparams] go/parser: support the ParseTypeParams mode + 2020-11-24b56762129e[dev.typeparams] import go2go changes to parse type parameters + 2020-11-24015423a15b[dev.regabi] strconv: add to bootstrap packages + 2020-11-24c767d73227[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: remove CTRUNE + 2020-11-246dae48fb0b[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: refactor type/value assertions + 2020-11-2488a9e2f9ad[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: replace CTNIL with ONIL + 2020-11-244af2decf30[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: add (unused) ONIL constant + 2020-11-24668e3a598f[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: cleanup type switch typechecking + 2020-11-2496f3fb7244[dev.regabi] go/constant: avoid heap allocations in match + 2020-11-241abb12fc97[dev.regabi] go/constant: optimize BitLen + 2020-11-24228b732ad9[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: prepare for package ir + 2020-11-24e37597f7f0[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rename a few 'base' identifiers + 2020-11-24357c576878[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: clean up error API + 2020-11-245fd949e4bd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: initialize importMap lazily + 2020-11-247b144ed4f7[dev.regabi] cmd/compile: rewrite concurrentFlagOk to be clearer + 2020-11-24c754f25241[dev.regabi] cmd/compile/internal/types: remove Func.Nname + 2020-11-24c50c7a8c06[dev.regabi] cmd/compile/internal/gc: refactor to use stop using Func.Nname + 2020-11-24d5928847de[dev.regabi] cmd/compile/internal/gc: prep for Func.Nname removal refactoring + 2020-11-24a324aebb7d[dev.typeparams] go/types, cmd/compile/internal/types2: fix incorrect string(int) conversion (regression) + 2020-11-24b30c7a8044[dev.regabi] cmd/compile/internal/gc: add MethodName for getting referenced method + 2020-11-24e1047302bd[dev.regabi] cmd/compile/internal/types: add pos/sym/typ params to NewField + 2020-11-208fbdacf64c[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: report constant overflow in binary ops + 2020-11-19b1ae0a0646[dev.typeparams] Merge branch 'master' into dev.typeparams + 2020-11-190123c9b321[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: report an error for invalid constant values + 2020-11-182140049172[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: port of https://golang.org/cl/270957 + 2020-11-116877ee1e07[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: use existing findpkg algorithm when importing through types2 + 2020-11-03165ceb09f9[dev.typeparams] merge master into dev.typeparams + 2020-10-2841ff51ae00[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of scopes.go + 2020-10-279392b82919[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of objset.go + 2020-10-27c32ac6c15f[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of selection.go + 2020-10-27ff6ab114c9[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types: review of gccgosizes.go + 2020-10-27abb31c2558[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of hilbert_test.go + 2020-10-276e98406ac3[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of initorder.go + 2020-10-2738af45b4cb[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: review of package.go + 2020-10-2787eab74628[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: enable type-checking of generic code + 2020-10-235bfd2964a6[dev.typeparams] merge master into dev.typeparams + 2020-10-22a10fe9f6e7go/ast: import AST changes supporting typeparams from dev.go2go + 2020-10-217a8a720c80[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: add *.go2 (generic) tests + 2020-10-21755d6de1d8[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: add some more tests + 2020-10-211d07306a44[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: adjust tests, enable Testdata tests + 2020-10-21befc62a2c4[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: add testdata directory + 2020-10-21ca36ba83ab[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/importer, types2: initial check-in of types2 and importer + 2020-10-206ff16fe3ee[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: add utility functions for testing + 2020-10-195e46c6a10f[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: add Pos method + 2020-10-15e9e58a4d49[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: fix printing of channel types + 2020-10-1473f529845c[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: always use IndexExpr node for type instantiation + 2020-10-1348755e06aa[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile: enable parsing of generic code with new -G flag + 2020-10-137668f02dec[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: add type parameter tests + 2020-10-13b627988b0c[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: implement parsing of type parameters + 2020-10-13617b633917[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: prepare syntax nodes for type parameters + 2020-10-12986cad14e2[dev.typeparams] merge master into dev.typeparams Change-Id: Ie2a2f6e4e2c862a02a9905f48e0eb464e99c0204
This commit is contained in:
Jay Conrod
commit
aa4da4f189
4213 changed files with 257011 additions and 161368 deletions
1
.gitignore
vendored
1
.gitignore
vendored
|
|
@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ _testmain.go
|
|||
/src/cmd/internal/objabi/zbootstrap.go
|
||||
/src/go/build/zcgo.go
|
||||
/src/go/doc/headscan
|
||||
/src/internal/buildcfg/zbootstrap.go
|
||||
/src/runtime/internal/sys/zversion.go
|
||||
/src/unicode/maketables
|
||||
/test.out
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
7
AUTHORS
7
AUTHORS
|
|
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Aeneas Rekkas (arekkas) <aeneas@ory.am>
|
|||
Afanasev Stanislav <phpprogger@gmail.com>
|
||||
Agis Anastasopoulos <agis.anast@gmail.com>
|
||||
Agniva De Sarker <agnivade@yahoo.co.in>
|
||||
Ahmed Wahed <oneofone@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ahmed W. Mones <oneofone@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ahmet Soormally <ahmet@mangomm.co.uk>
|
||||
Ahmy Yulrizka <yulrizka@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aiden Scandella <ai@uber.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Andy Davis <andy@bigandian.com>
|
|||
Andy Finkenstadt <afinkenstadt@zynga.com>
|
||||
Andy Lindeman <andy@lindeman.io>
|
||||
Andy Maloney <asmaloney@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andy Pan <panjf2000@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andy Pan <panjf2000@gmail.com> <panjf2000@golangcn.org> <i@andypan.me>
|
||||
Andy Walker <walkeraj@gmail.com>
|
||||
Anfernee Yongkun Gui <anfernee.gui@gmail.com>
|
||||
Angelo Bulfone <mbulfone@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ Ayanamist Yang <ayanamist@gmail.com>
|
|||
Aymerick Jéhanne <aymerick@jehanne.org>
|
||||
Azat Kaumov <kaumov.a.r@gmail.com>
|
||||
Baiju Muthukadan <baiju.m.mail@gmail.com>
|
||||
Baokun Lee <nototon@gmail.com>
|
||||
Baokun Lee <nototon@gmail.com> <bk@golangcn.org>
|
||||
Bartosz Grzybowski <melkorm@gmail.com>
|
||||
Bastian Ike <bastian.ike@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ben Burkert <ben@benburkert.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1425,6 +1425,7 @@ Wèi Cōngruì <crvv.mail@gmail.com>
|
|||
Wei Fu <fhfuwei@163.com>
|
||||
Wei Guangjing <vcc.163@gmail.com>
|
||||
Weichao Tang <tevic.tt@gmail.com>
|
||||
Weixie Cui <cuiweixie@gmail.com> <523516579@qq.com>
|
||||
Wembley G. Leach, Jr <wembley.gl@gmail.com>
|
||||
Will Faught <will.faught@gmail.com>
|
||||
Will Storey <will@summercat.com>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
167
CONTRIBUTORS
167
CONTRIBUTORS
|
|
@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ Aaron Bieber <deftly@gmail.com>
|
|||
Aaron Cannon <cannona@fireantproductions.com>
|
||||
Aaron France <aaron.l.france@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aaron Jacobs <jacobsa@google.com>
|
||||
Aaron Jensen <jensen.aaro@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aaron Kemp <kemp.aaron@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
|
||||
Aaron Stein <aaronstein12@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -66,14 +67,16 @@ Aeneas Rekkas (arekkas) <aeneas@ory.am>
|
|||
Afanasev Stanislav <phpprogger@gmail.com>
|
||||
Agis Anastasopoulos <agis.anast@gmail.com>
|
||||
Agniva De Sarker <agnivade@yahoo.co.in>
|
||||
Ahmed Wahed <oneofone@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ahmed W. Mones <oneofone@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ahmet Alp Balkan <ahmetb@google.com>
|
||||
Ahmet Soormally <ahmet@mangomm.co.uk>
|
||||
Ahmy Yulrizka <yulrizka@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ahsun Ahmed <ahmed.ahsun@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aidan Coyle <packrat386@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aiden Scandella <ai@uber.com>
|
||||
Ainar Garipov <gugl.zadolbal@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aishraj Dahal <aishraj@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
Ajanthan Balachandran <balaajanthan@gmail.com>
|
||||
Akhil Indurti <aindurti@gmail.com>
|
||||
Akihiro Suda <suda.kyoto@gmail.com>
|
||||
Akshat Kumar <seed@mail.nanosouffle.net>
|
||||
|
|
@ -104,9 +107,11 @@ Alex Buchanan <buchanae@gmail.com>
|
|||
Alex Carol <alex.carol.c@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alex Gaynor <alex@alloy.us>
|
||||
Alex Harford <alex.harford@saucelabs.com>
|
||||
Alex Hays <alex.hays@leftfieldlabs.com>
|
||||
Alex Jin <toalexjin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alex Kohler <alexjohnkohler@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alex Myasoedov <msoedov@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alex Opie <amtopie@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alex Plugaru <alex@plugaru.org> <alexandru.plugaru@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alex Schroeder <alex@gnu.org>
|
||||
Alex Sergeyev <abc@alexsergeyev.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -119,6 +124,7 @@ Alexander F Rødseth <alexander.rodseth@appeartv.com>
|
|||
Alexander Greim <alexxx@iltempo.de>
|
||||
Alexander Guz <kalimatas@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alexander Kauer <alexander@affine.space>
|
||||
Alexander Klauer <Alexander.Klauer@googlemail.com>
|
||||
Alexander Kucherenko <alxkchr@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alexander Larsson <alexander.larsson@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alexander Lourier <aml@rulezz.ru>
|
||||
|
|
@ -150,16 +156,19 @@ Alexey Naidonov <alexey.naidyonov@gmail.com>
|
|||
Alexey Neganov <neganovalexey@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alexey Palazhchenko <alexey.palazhchenko@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alexey Semenyuk <alexsemenyuk88@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alexey Vilenskiy <bynovhack@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alexis Hildebrandt <surryhill@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alexis Hunt <lexer@google.com>
|
||||
Alexis Imperial-Legrand <ail@google.com>
|
||||
Ali Farooq <ali.farooq0@pm.me>
|
||||
Ali Rizvi-Santiago <arizvisa@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aliaksandr Valialkin <valyala@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alice Merrick <amerrick@google.com>
|
||||
Alif Rachmawadi <subosito@gmail.com>
|
||||
Allan Simon <allan.simon@supinfo.com>
|
||||
Allen Li <ayatane@google.com>
|
||||
Alok Menghrajani <alok.menghrajani@gmail.com>
|
||||
Alwin Doss <alwindoss84@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aman Gupta <aman@tmm1.net>
|
||||
Amarjeet Anand <amarjeetanandsingh@gmail.com>
|
||||
Amir Mohammad Saied <amir@gluegadget.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -168,6 +177,8 @@ Amrut Joshi <amrut.joshi@gmail.com>
|
|||
An Long <aisk1988@gmail.com>
|
||||
An Xiao <hac@zju.edu.cn>
|
||||
Anand K. Mistry <anand@mistry.ninja>
|
||||
Ananya Saxena <ananyasaxena1@gmail.com>
|
||||
Anatol Pomozov <anatol.pomozov@gmail.com>
|
||||
Anders Pearson <anders@columbia.edu>
|
||||
Anderson Queiroz <contato@andersonq.eti.br>
|
||||
André Carvalho <asantostc@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -199,6 +210,7 @@ Andrew G. Morgan <agm@google.com>
|
|||
Andrew Gerrand <adg@golang.org>
|
||||
Andrew Harding <andrew@spacemonkey.com>
|
||||
Andrew Jackura <ajackura@google.com>
|
||||
Andrew Kemm <andrewkemm@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andrew Louis <alouis@digitalocean.com>
|
||||
Andrew Lutomirski <andy@luto.us>
|
||||
Andrew Medvedev <andrew.y.medvedev@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -216,6 +228,7 @@ Andrew Werner <andrew@upthere.com> <awerner32@gmail.com>
|
|||
Andrew Wilkins <axwalk@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andrew Williams <williams.andrew@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andrew Z Allen <me@andrewzallen.com>
|
||||
Andrey Bokhanko <andreybokhanko@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andrey Mirtchovski <mirtchovski@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andrey Petrov <andrey.petrov@shazow.net>
|
||||
Andrii Soldatenko <andrii.soldatenko@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -227,9 +240,10 @@ Andy Davis <andy@bigandian.com>
|
|||
Andy Finkenstadt <afinkenstadt@zynga.com>
|
||||
Andy Lindeman <andy@lindeman.io>
|
||||
Andy Maloney <asmaloney@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andy Pan <panjf2000@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andy Pan <panjf2000@gmail.com> <panjf2000@golangcn.org> <i@andypan.me>
|
||||
Andy Walker <walkeraj@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andy Wang <cbeuw.andy@gmail.com>
|
||||
Andy Williams <andy@andy.xyz>
|
||||
Andzej Maciusovic <andzej.maciusovic@gmail.com>
|
||||
Anfernee Yongkun Gui <anfernee.gui@gmail.com>
|
||||
Angelo Bulfone <mbulfone@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -274,6 +288,7 @@ Arne Hormann <arnehormann@gmail.com>
|
|||
Arnout Engelen <arnout@bzzt.net>
|
||||
Aron Nopanen <aron.nopanen@gmail.com>
|
||||
Artem Alekseev <artem.alekseev@intel.com>
|
||||
Artem Khvastunov <artem.khvastunov@jetbrains.com>
|
||||
Artem Kolin <artemkaxboy@gmail.com>
|
||||
Arthur Fabre <arthur@arthurfabre.com>
|
||||
Arthur Khashaev <arthur@khashaev.ru>
|
||||
|
|
@ -281,8 +296,10 @@ Artyom Pervukhin <artyom.pervukhin@gmail.com>
|
|||
Arvindh Rajesh Tamilmani <art@a-30.net>
|
||||
Ashish Gandhi <ag@ashishgandhi.org>
|
||||
Asim Shankar <asimshankar@gmail.com>
|
||||
Assel Meher <asselmeher@gmail.com>
|
||||
Atin Malaviya <amalaviy@akamai.com>
|
||||
Ato Araki <ato.araki@gmail.com>
|
||||
Atsushi Toyama <atsushi.tohyama.160.333@gmail.com>
|
||||
Audrey Lim <audreylh@gmail.com>
|
||||
Audrius Butkevicius <audrius.butkevicius@gmail.com>
|
||||
Augusto Roman <aroman@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -291,6 +308,7 @@ Aurélien Rainone <aurelien.rainone@gmail.com>
|
|||
Aurélio A. Heckert <aurium@gmail.com>
|
||||
Austin Clements <austin@google.com> <aclements@csail.mit.edu>
|
||||
Avi Flax <avi@timehop.com>
|
||||
Aviv Klasquin Komissar <avivklas@gmail.com>
|
||||
awaw fumin <awawfumin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Awn Umar <awn@cryptolosophy.io>
|
||||
Axel Wagner <axel.wagner.hh@googlemail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -298,20 +316,23 @@ Ayan George <ayan@ayan.net>
|
|||
Ayanamist Yang <ayanamist@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ayke van Laethem <aykevanlaethem@gmail.com>
|
||||
Aymerick Jéhanne <aymerick@jehanne.org>
|
||||
Ayzat Sadykov <ayzat.ziko.93@gmail.com>
|
||||
Azat Kaumov <kaumov.a.r@gmail.com>
|
||||
Baiju Muthukadan <baiju.m.mail@gmail.com>
|
||||
Balaram Makam <bmakam.qdt@qualcommdatacenter.com>
|
||||
Balazs Lecz <leczb@google.com>
|
||||
Baokun Lee <nototon@gmail.com>
|
||||
Baokun Lee <nototon@gmail.com> <bk@golangcn.org>
|
||||
Barnaby Keene <accounts@southcla.ws>
|
||||
Bartosz Grzybowski <melkorm@gmail.com>
|
||||
Bartosz Oler <brtsz@google.com>
|
||||
Bastian Ike <bastian.ike@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ben Burkert <ben@benburkert.com>
|
||||
Ben Cartwright-Cox <Ben@Benjojo.co.uk>
|
||||
Ben Eitzen <eitzenb@golang.org>
|
||||
Ben Fried <ben.fried@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ben Haines <bhainesva@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ben Hoyt <benhoyt@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ben Kraft <benkraft@khanacademy.org>
|
||||
Ben Laurie <ben@links.org> <benl@google.com>
|
||||
Ben Lubar <ben.lubar@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ben Lynn <benlynn@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -319,6 +340,7 @@ Ben Olive <sionide21@gmail.com>
|
|||
Ben Schwartz <bemasc@google.com>
|
||||
Ben Shi <powerman1st@163.com>
|
||||
Ben Toews <mastahyeti@gmail.com>
|
||||
Benjamin Barenblat <bbaren@google.com>
|
||||
Benjamin Black <b@b3k.us>
|
||||
Benjamin Cable <cable.benjamin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Benjamin Hsieh <tanookiben@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -356,6 +378,7 @@ Bobby Powers <bobbypowers@gmail.com>
|
|||
Boqin Qin <bobbqqin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Boris Nagaev <nagaev@google.com>
|
||||
Borja Clemente <borja.clemente@gmail.com>
|
||||
Boshi Lian <bolian@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Brad Burch <brad.burch@gmail.com>
|
||||
Brad Erickson <bderickson@gmail.com>
|
||||
Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org> <bradfitz@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -368,10 +391,12 @@ Bradford Lamson-Scribner <brad.lamson@gmail.com>
|
|||
Bradley Falzon <brad@teambrad.net>
|
||||
Brady Catherman <brady@gmail.com>
|
||||
Brady Sullivan <brady@bsull.com>
|
||||
Branden J. Brown <zephyrtronium@gmail.com>
|
||||
Brandon Bennett <bbennett@fb.com>
|
||||
Brandon Gilmore <varz@google.com>
|
||||
Brandon Philips <brandon@ifup.org>
|
||||
Brandon Ryan <bjryan19@gmail.com>
|
||||
Brave Cow <rsr715@gmail.com>
|
||||
Brayden Cloud <bcloud@google.com>
|
||||
Brendan Daniel Tracey <tracey.brendan@gmail.com>
|
||||
Brendan O'Dea <bod@golang.org>
|
||||
|
|
@ -389,6 +414,7 @@ Brian Slesinsky <skybrian@google.com>
|
|||
Brian Smith <ohohvi@gmail.com>
|
||||
Brian Starke <brian.starke@gmail.com>
|
||||
Bryan Alexander <Kozical@msn.com>
|
||||
Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
|
||||
Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
|
||||
Bryan Chan <bryan.chan@ca.ibm.com>
|
||||
Bryan Ford <brynosaurus@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -407,6 +433,7 @@ Carl Mastrangelo <notcarl@google.com>
|
|||
Carl Shapiro <cshapiro@google.com> <cshapiro@golang.org>
|
||||
Carlisia Campos <carlisia@grokkingtech.io>
|
||||
Carlo Alberto Ferraris <cafxx@strayorange.com>
|
||||
Carlos Alexandro Becker <caarlos0@gmail.com>
|
||||
Carlos Amedee <carlos@golang.org>
|
||||
Carlos Castillo <cookieo9@gmail.com>
|
||||
Carlos Cirello <uldericofilho@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -422,6 +449,7 @@ Casey Callendrello <squeed@gmail.com>
|
|||
Casey Marshall <casey.marshall@gmail.com>
|
||||
Catalin Nicutar <cnicutar@google.com>
|
||||
Catalin Patulea <catalinp@google.com>
|
||||
Cathal O'Callaghan <cathalsocallaghan@gmail.com>
|
||||
Cedric Staub <cs@squareup.com>
|
||||
Cezar Sá Espinola <cezarsa@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chad Rosier <mrosier.qdt@qualcommdatacenter.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -434,10 +462,14 @@ Charles Kenney <charlesc.kenney@gmail.com>
|
|||
Charles L. Dorian <cldorian@gmail.com>
|
||||
Charles Lee <zombie.fml@gmail.com>
|
||||
Charles Weill <weill@google.com>
|
||||
Charlotte Brandhorst-Satzkorn <catzkorn@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chauncy Cullitan <chauncyc@google.com>
|
||||
Chen Zhidong <njutczd@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chen Zhihan <energiehund@gmail.com>
|
||||
Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
|
||||
Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
|
||||
Chew Choon Keat <choonkeat@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chiawen Chen <golopot@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chirag Sukhala <cchirag77@gmail.com>
|
||||
Cholerae Hu <choleraehyq@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chotepud Teo <AlexRouSg@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
Chris Ball <chris@printf.net>
|
||||
|
|
@ -460,6 +492,8 @@ Chris Raynor <raynor@google.com>
|
|||
Chris Roche <rodaine@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chris Smith <chrsmith@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
Chris Stockton <chrisstocktonaz@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chris Taylor <taylorza@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chris Waldon <christopher.waldon.dev@gmail.com>
|
||||
Chris Zou <chriszou@ca.ibm.com>
|
||||
Christian Alexander <christian@linux.com>
|
||||
Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
|
||||
|
|
@ -467,6 +501,7 @@ Christian Himpel <chressie@googlemail.com> <chressie@gmail.com>
|
|||
Christian Muehlhaeuser <muesli@gmail.com>
|
||||
Christian Pellegrin <chri@evolware.org>
|
||||
Christian R. Petrin <christianpetrin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Christian Svensson <blue@cmd.nu>
|
||||
Christine Hansmann <chhansmann@gmail.com>
|
||||
Christoffer Buchholz <christoffer.buchholz@gmail.com>
|
||||
Christoph Blecker <admin@toph.ca>
|
||||
|
|
@ -474,6 +509,7 @@ Christoph Hack <christoph@tux21b.org>
|
|||
Christopher Cahoon <chris.cahoon@gmail.com>
|
||||
Christopher Guiney <chris@guiney.net>
|
||||
Christopher Henderson <chris@chenderson.org>
|
||||
Christopher Hlubek <christopher.hlubek@networkteam.com>
|
||||
Christopher Koch <chrisko@google.com>
|
||||
Christopher Loessl <cloessl+github@gmail.com>
|
||||
Christopher Nelson <nadiasvertex@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -506,7 +542,10 @@ Costin Chirvasuta <ctin@google.com>
|
|||
Craig Citro <craigcitro@google.com>
|
||||
Cristian Staretu <unclejacksons@gmail.com>
|
||||
Cuihtlauac ALVARADO <cuihtlauac.alvarado@orange.com>
|
||||
Cuong Manh Le <cuong@orijtech.com>
|
||||
Curtis La Graff <curtis@lagraff.me>
|
||||
Cyrill Schumacher <cyrill@schumacher.fm>
|
||||
Dai Jie <gzdaijie@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daisuke Fujita <dtanshi45@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daisuke Suzuki <daisuzu@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daker Fernandes Pinheiro <daker.fernandes.pinheiro@intel.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -525,12 +564,14 @@ Dan Peterson <dpiddy@gmail.com>
|
|||
Dan Pupius <dan@medium.com>
|
||||
Dan Scales <danscales@google.com>
|
||||
Dan Sinclair <dan.sinclair@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daniel Cohen <dcohen@gatech.edu>
|
||||
Daniel Cormier <danielc@knowbe4.com>
|
||||
Daniël de Kok <me@danieldk.eu>
|
||||
Daniel Fleischman <danielfleischman@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daniel Ingram <ingramds@appstate.edu>
|
||||
Daniel Johansson <dajo2002@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daniel Kerwin <d.kerwin@gini.net>
|
||||
Daniel Kessler <dkess@google.com>
|
||||
Daniel Krech <eikeon@eikeon.com>
|
||||
Daniel Kumor <rdkumor@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daniel Langner <s8572327@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -538,10 +579,12 @@ Daniel Lidén <daniel.liden.87@gmail.com>
|
|||
Daniel Lublin <daniel@lublin.se>
|
||||
Daniel Mangum <georgedanielmangum@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daniel Martí <mvdan@mvdan.cc>
|
||||
Daniel McCarney <cpu@letsencrypt.org>
|
||||
Daniel Morsing <daniel.morsing@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daniel Nadasi <dnadasi@google.com>
|
||||
Daniel Nephin <dnephin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daniel Ortiz Pereira da Silva <daniel.particular@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daniel S. Fava <danielsfava@gmail.com>
|
||||
Daniel Skinner <daniel@dasa.cc>
|
||||
Daniel Speichert <daniel@speichert.pl>
|
||||
Daniel Theophanes <kardianos@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -563,6 +606,7 @@ Dave Cheney <dave@cheney.net>
|
|||
Dave Day <djd@golang.org>
|
||||
Dave Grijalva <dgrijalva@ngmoco.com>
|
||||
Dave MacFarlane <driusan@gmail.com>
|
||||
Dave Pifke <dave@pifke.org>
|
||||
Dave Russell <forfuncsake@gmail.com>
|
||||
David Anderson <danderson@google.com>
|
||||
David Barnett <dbarnett@google.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -593,6 +637,7 @@ David McLeish <davemc@google.com>
|
|||
David Ndungu <dnjuguna@gmail.com>
|
||||
David NewHamlet <david@newhamlet.com>
|
||||
David Presotto <presotto@gmail.com>
|
||||
David Qu <davidqu12345@gmail.com>
|
||||
David R. Jenni <david.r.jenni@gmail.com>
|
||||
David Sansome <me@davidsansome.com>
|
||||
David Stainton <dstainton415@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -642,6 +687,7 @@ Diwaker Gupta <diwakergupta@gmail.com>
|
|||
Dmitri Goutnik <dgoutnik@gmail.com>
|
||||
Dmitri Popov <operator@cv.dp-net.com>
|
||||
Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org> <dmitri@shuralyov.com>
|
||||
Dmitrii Okunev <xaionaro@gmail.com>
|
||||
Dmitriy Cherchenko <dcherchenko@gmail.com>
|
||||
Dmitriy Dudkin <dudkin.dmitriy@gmail.com>
|
||||
Dmitriy Shelenin <deemok@googlemail.com> <deemok@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -655,6 +701,7 @@ Dmitry Yakunin <nonamezeil@gmail.com>
|
|||
Doga Fincan <doga@icloud.com>
|
||||
Domas Tamašauskas <puerdomus@gmail.com>
|
||||
Domen Ipavec <domen@ipavec.net>
|
||||
Dominic Della Valle <ddvpublic@Gmail.com>
|
||||
Dominic Green <dominicgreen1@gmail.com>
|
||||
Dominik Honnef <dominik.honnef@gmail.com>
|
||||
Dominik Vogt <vogt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -696,6 +743,7 @@ Elias Naur <mail@eliasnaur.com> <elias.naur@gmail.com>
|
|||
Elliot Morrison-Reed <elliotmr@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ellison Leão <ellisonleao@gmail.com>
|
||||
Emerson Lin <linyintor@gmail.com>
|
||||
Emil Bektimirov <lefelys@gmail.com>
|
||||
Emil Hessman <emil@hessman.se>
|
||||
Emil Mursalimov <mursalimovemeel@gmail.com>
|
||||
Emilien Kenler <hello@emilienkenler.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -760,6 +808,7 @@ Fatih Arslan <fatih@arslan.io>
|
|||
Fazal Majid <majid@apsalar.com>
|
||||
Fazlul Shahriar <fshahriar@gmail.com>
|
||||
Federico Bond <federicobond@gmail.com>
|
||||
Federico Guerinoni <guerinoni.federico@gmail.com>
|
||||
Federico Simoncelli <fsimonce@redhat.com>
|
||||
Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
|
||||
Fedor Korotkiy <dartslon@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -781,6 +830,7 @@ Florin Patan <florinpatan@gmail.com>
|
|||
Folke Behrens <folke@google.com>
|
||||
Ford Hurley <ford.hurley@gmail.com>
|
||||
Francesc Campoy <campoy@golang.org>
|
||||
Francesco Guardiani <francescoguard@gmail.com>
|
||||
Francesco Renzi <rentziass@gmail.com>
|
||||
Francisco Claude <fclaude@recoded.cl>
|
||||
Francisco Rojas <francisco.rojas.gallegos@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -811,8 +861,10 @@ Gabriel Russell <gabriel.russell@gmail.com>
|
|||
Gareth Paul Jones <gpj@foursquare.com>
|
||||
Garret Kelly <gdk@google.com>
|
||||
Garrick Evans <garrick@google.com>
|
||||
Garry McNulty <garrmcnu@gmail.com>
|
||||
Gary Burd <gary@beagledreams.com> <gary.burd@gmail.com>
|
||||
Gary Elliott <garyelliott@google.com>
|
||||
Gaurav Singh <gaurav1086@gmail.com>
|
||||
Gaurish Sharma <contact@gaurishsharma.com>
|
||||
Gautham Thambidorai <gautham.dorai@gmail.com>
|
||||
Gauthier Jolly <gauthier.jolly@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -827,6 +879,7 @@ Georg Reinke <guelfey@gmail.com>
|
|||
George Gkirtsou <ggirtsou@gmail.com>
|
||||
George Hartzell <hartzell@alerce.com>
|
||||
George Shammas <george@shamm.as> <georgyo@gmail.com>
|
||||
George Tsilias <tsiliasg@gmail.com>
|
||||
Gerasimos (Makis) Maropoulos <kataras2006@hotmail.com>
|
||||
Gerasimos Dimitriadis <gedimitr@gmail.com>
|
||||
Gergely Brautigam <skarlso777@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -862,6 +915,7 @@ GitHub User @frennkie (6499251) <mail@rhab.de>
|
|||
GitHub User @geedchin (11672310) <geedchin@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @GrigoriyMikhalkin (3637857) <grigoriymikhalkin@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @hengwu0 (41297446) <41297446+hengwu0@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @hitzhangjie (3725760) <hit.zhangjie@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @itchyny (375258) <itchyny@hatena.ne.jp>
|
||||
GitHub User @jinmiaoluo (39730824) <jinmiaoluo@icloud.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @jopbrown (6345470) <msshane2008@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -873,6 +927,7 @@ GitHub User @LotusFenn (13775899) <fenn.lotus@gmail.com>
|
|||
GitHub User @ly303550688 (11519839) <yang.liu636@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @madiganz (18340029) <zacharywmadigan@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @maltalex (10195391) <code@bit48.net>
|
||||
GitHub User @markruler (38225900) <csu0414@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @Matts966 (28551465) <Matts966@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @micnncim (21333876) <micnncim@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @mkishere (224617) <224617+mkishere@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -886,6 +941,8 @@ GitHub User @ramenjuniti (32011829) <ramenjuniti@gmail.com>
|
|||
GitHub User @saitarunreddy (21041941) <saitarunreddypalla@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @shogo-ma (9860598) <Choroma194@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @skanehira (7888591) <sho19921005@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @soolaugust (10558124) <soolaugust@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @surechen (7249331) <surechen17@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @tatsumack (4510569) <tatsu.mack@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @tell-k (26263) <ffk2005@gmail.com>
|
||||
GitHub User @tennashi (10219626) <tennashio@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -908,6 +965,7 @@ Gordon Tyler <gordon@doxxx.net>
|
|||
Graham King <graham4king@gmail.com>
|
||||
Graham Miller <graham.miller@gmail.com>
|
||||
Grant Griffiths <ggp493@gmail.com>
|
||||
Green Lightning <GreenLightning.git@googlemail.com>
|
||||
Greg Poirier <greg.istehbest@gmail.com>
|
||||
Greg Steuck <gnezdo+github@google.com>
|
||||
Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -920,6 +978,7 @@ Guilherme Garnier <guilherme.garnier@gmail.com>
|
|||
Guilherme Goncalves <guilhermeaugustosg@gmail.com>
|
||||
Guilherme Rezende <guilhermebr@gmail.com>
|
||||
Guillaume J. Charmes <guillaume@charmes.net>
|
||||
Guillaume Sottas <guillaumesottas@gmail.com>
|
||||
Günther Noack <gnoack@google.com>
|
||||
Guobiao Mei <meiguobiao@gmail.com>
|
||||
Guoliang Wang <iamwgliang@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -936,6 +995,8 @@ HAMANO Tsukasa <hamano@osstech.co.jp>
|
|||
Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@google.com>
|
||||
Hang Qian <hangqian90@gmail.com>
|
||||
Hanjun Kim <hallazzang@gmail.com>
|
||||
Hanlin Shi <shihanlin9@gmail.com>
|
||||
Haoran Luo <haoran.luo@chaitin.com>
|
||||
Haosdent Huang <haosdent@gmail.com>
|
||||
Harald Nordgren <haraldnordgren@gmail.com>
|
||||
Hari haran <hariharan.uno@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -950,9 +1011,11 @@ Håvard Haugen <havard.haugen@gmail.com>
|
|||
He Liu <liulonnie@gmail.com>
|
||||
Hector Chu <hectorchu@gmail.com>
|
||||
Hector Martin Cantero <hector@marcansoft.com>
|
||||
Hein Khant Zaw <heinkhantzaw1@gmail.com>
|
||||
Henning Schmiedehausen <henning@schmiedehausen.org>
|
||||
Henrik Edwards <henrik.edwards@gmail.com>
|
||||
Henrik Hodne <henrik@hodne.io>
|
||||
Henrique Vicente <henriquevicente@gmail.com>
|
||||
Henry Adi Sumarto <henry.adisumarto@gmail.com>
|
||||
Henry Bubert <google@mindeco.de>
|
||||
Henry Chang <mr.changyuheng@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -969,6 +1032,7 @@ Hironao OTSUBO <motemen@gmail.com>
|
|||
Hiroshi Ioka <hirochachacha@gmail.com>
|
||||
Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@gmail.com>
|
||||
Holden Huang <ttyh061@gmail.com>
|
||||
Songlin Jiang <hollowman@hollowman.ml>
|
||||
Hong Ruiqi <hongruiqi@gmail.com>
|
||||
Hongfei Tan <feilengcui008@gmail.com>
|
||||
Horacio Duran <horacio.duran@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -990,6 +1054,7 @@ Ian Haken <ihaken@netflix.com>
|
|||
Ian Kent <iankent85@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
|
||||
Ian Leue <ian@appboy.com>
|
||||
Ian Tay <iantay@google.com>
|
||||
Ian Zapolsky <ianzapolsky@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ibrahim AshShohail <ibra.sho@gmail.com>
|
||||
Icarus Sparry <golang@icarus.freeuk.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -997,9 +1062,11 @@ Iccha Sethi <icchasethi@gmail.com>
|
|||
Idora Shinatose <idora.shinatose@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>
|
||||
Igor Bernstein <igorbernstein@google.com>
|
||||
Igor Bolotnikov <igor.v.bolotnikov@gmail.com>
|
||||
Igor Dolzhikov <bluesriverz@gmail.com>
|
||||
Igor Vashyst <ivashyst@gmail.com>
|
||||
Igor Zhilianin <igor.zhilianin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ikko Ashimine <eltociear@gmail.com>
|
||||
Illya Yalovyy <yalovoy@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ilya Sinelnikov <sidhmangh@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ilya Tocar <ilya.tocar@intel.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1037,6 +1104,7 @@ Jacob Blain Christen <dweomer5@gmail.com>
|
|||
Jacob H. Haven <jacob@cloudflare.com>
|
||||
Jacob Hoffman-Andrews <github@hoffman-andrews.com>
|
||||
Jacob Walker <jacobwalker0814@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jaden Teng <long.asyn@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jae Kwon <jae@tendermint.com>
|
||||
Jake B <doogie1012@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jakob Borg <jakob@nym.se>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1044,6 +1112,7 @@ Jakob Weisblat <jakobw@mit.edu>
|
|||
Jakub Čajka <jcajka@redhat.com>
|
||||
Jakub Kaczmarzyk <jakubk@mit.edu>
|
||||
Jakub Ryszard Czarnowicz <j.czarnowicz@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jakub Warczarek <jakub.warczarek@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jamal Carvalho <jamal.a.carvalho@gmail.com>
|
||||
James Aguilar <jaguilar@google.com>
|
||||
James Bardin <j.bardin@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1056,9 +1125,11 @@ James Eady <jmeady@google.com>
|
|||
James Fysh <james.fysh@gmail.com>
|
||||
James Gray <james@james4k.com>
|
||||
James Hartig <fastest963@gmail.com>
|
||||
James Kasten <jdkasten@google.com>
|
||||
James Lawrence <jljatone@gmail.com>
|
||||
James Meneghello <rawrz0r@gmail.com>
|
||||
James Myers <jfmyers9@gmail.com>
|
||||
James Naftel <james.naftel@gmail.com>
|
||||
James Neve <jamesoneve@gmail.com>
|
||||
James Nugent <james@jen20.com>
|
||||
James P. Cooper <jamespcooper@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1108,6 +1179,7 @@ Javier Kohen <jkohen@google.com>
|
|||
Javier Revillas <jrevillas@massivedynamic.io>
|
||||
Javier Segura <javism@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jay Conrod <jayconrod@google.com>
|
||||
Jay Lee <BusyJayLee@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jay Taylor <outtatime@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jay Weisskopf <jay@jayschwa.net>
|
||||
Jean de Klerk <deklerk@google.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1140,14 +1212,17 @@ Jeremy Jay <jeremy@pbnjay.com>
|
|||
Jeremy Schlatter <jeremy.schlatter@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jeroen Bobbeldijk <jerbob92@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jeroen Simonetti <jeroen@simonetti.nl>
|
||||
Jérôme Doucet <jerdct@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jerrin Shaji George <jerrinsg@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jess Frazelle <me@jessfraz.com>
|
||||
Jesse Szwedko <jesse.szwedko@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jesús Espino <jespinog@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jia Zhan <jzhan@uber.com>
|
||||
Jiacai Liu <jiacai2050@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jiahao Lu <lujjjh@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jianing Yu <jnyu@google.com>
|
||||
Jianqiao Li <jianqiaoli@google.com>
|
||||
Jiayu Yi <yijiayu@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jie Ma <jienius@outlook.com>
|
||||
Jihyun Yu <yjh0502@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jim Cote <jfcote87@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1183,6 +1258,7 @@ Joey Geiger <jgeiger@users.noreply.github.com>
|
|||
Johan Brandhorst <johan.brandhorst@gmail.com>
|
||||
Johan Euphrosine <proppy@google.com>
|
||||
Johan Jansson <johan.jansson@iki.fi>
|
||||
Johan Knutzen <johan@senri.se>
|
||||
Johan Sageryd <j@1616.se>
|
||||
John Asmuth <jasmuth@gmail.com>
|
||||
John Beisley <huin@google.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1210,6 +1286,7 @@ Johnny Luo <johnnyluo1980@gmail.com>
|
|||
Jon Chen <jchen@justin.tv>
|
||||
Jon Johnson <jonjohnson@google.com>
|
||||
Jonas Bernoulli <jonas@bernoul.li>
|
||||
Jonathan Albrecht <jonathan.albrecht@ibm.com>
|
||||
Jonathan Allie <jonallie@google.com>
|
||||
Jonathan Amsterdam <jba@google.com>
|
||||
Jonathan Boulle <jonathanboulle@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1223,6 +1300,7 @@ Jonathan Pentecost <pentecostjonathan@gmail.com>
|
|||
Jonathan Pittman <jmpittman@google.com> <jonathan.mark.pittman@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jonathan Rudenberg <jonathan@titanous.com>
|
||||
Jonathan Stacks <jonstacks13@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jonathan Swinney <jswinney@amazon.com>
|
||||
Jonathan Wills <runningwild@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jonathon Lacher <jonathon.lacher@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jongmin Kim <atomaths@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1233,6 +1311,7 @@ Jordan Krage <jmank88@gmail.com>
|
|||
Jordan Lewis <jordanthelewis@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jordan Liggitt <liggitt@google.com>
|
||||
Jordan Rhee <jordanrh@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Jordan Rupprecht <rupprecht@google.com>
|
||||
Jordi Martin <jordimartin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jorge Araya <jorgejavieran@yahoo.com.mx>
|
||||
Jorge L. Fatta <jorge.fatta@auth0.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1276,6 +1355,7 @@ Julien Salleyron <julien.salleyron@gmail.com>
|
|||
Julien Schmidt <google@julienschmidt.com>
|
||||
Julio Montes <julio.montes@intel.com>
|
||||
Jun Zhang <jim.zoumo@gmail.com>
|
||||
Junchen Li <junchen.li@arm.com>
|
||||
Junda Liu <junda@celer.network>
|
||||
Jungho Ahn <jhahn@google.com>
|
||||
Junya Hayashi <ledmonster@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1287,6 +1367,7 @@ Justin Nuß <nuss.justin@gmail.com>
|
|||
Justyn Temme <justyntemme@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kai Backman <kaib@golang.org>
|
||||
Kai Dong <dokia2357@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kai Lüke <kai@kinvolk.io>
|
||||
Kai Trukenmüller <ktye78@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kale Blankenship <kale@lemnisys.com>
|
||||
Kaleb Elwert <kelwert@atlassian.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1314,6 +1395,7 @@ Kazuhiro Sera <seratch@gmail.com>
|
|||
KB Sriram <kbsriram@google.com>
|
||||
Keegan Carruthers-Smith <keegan.csmith@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kei Son <hey.calmdown@gmail.com>
|
||||
Keiichi Hirobe <chalenge.akane@gmail.com>
|
||||
Keiji Yoshida <keijiyoshida.mail@gmail.com>
|
||||
Keisuke Kishimoto <keisuke.kishimoto@gmail.com>
|
||||
Keith Ball <inflatablewoman@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1322,6 +1404,7 @@ Keith Rarick <kr@xph.us>
|
|||
Kelly Heller <pestophagous@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kelsey Hightower <kelsey.hightower@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kelvin Foo Chuan Lyi <vmirage@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kemal Elmizan <kemalelmizan@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ken Friedenbach <kenliz@cruzio.com>
|
||||
Ken Rockot <ken@oz.gs> <ken.rockot@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ken Sedgwick <ken@bonsai.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1331,6 +1414,7 @@ Kenji Kaneda <kenji.kaneda@gmail.com>
|
|||
Kenji Yano <kenji.yano@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kenneth Shaw <kenshaw@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kenny Grant <kennygrant@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kensei Nakada <handbomusic@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kenta Mori <zoncoen@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kerollos Magdy <kerolloz@yahoo.com>
|
||||
Ketan Parmar <ketanbparmar@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1342,10 +1426,12 @@ Kevin Gillette <extemporalgenome@gmail.com>
|
|||
Kevin Kirsche <kev.kirsche@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kevin Klues <klueska@gmail.com> <klueska@google.com>
|
||||
Kevin Malachowski <chowski@google.com>
|
||||
Kevin Parsons <kevpar@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Kevin Ruffin <kruffin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kevin Vu <kevin.m.vu@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kevin Zita <bleedgreenandgold@gmail.com>
|
||||
Keyan Pishdadian <kpishdadian@gmail.com>
|
||||
Keyuan Li <keyuanli123@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kezhu Wang <kezhuw@gmail.com>
|
||||
Khosrow Moossavi <khos2ow@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kieran Colford <kieran@kcolford.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1358,6 +1444,7 @@ Kirill Smelkov <kirr@nexedi.com>
|
|||
Kirill Tatchihin <kirabsuir@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kirk Han <kirk91.han@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kirklin McDonald <kirklin.mcdonald@gmail.com>
|
||||
KJ Tsanaktsidis <ktsanaktsidis@zendesk.com>
|
||||
Klaus Post <klauspost@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kodie Goodwin <kodiegoodwin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Koichi Shiraishi <zchee.io@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1371,6 +1458,7 @@ Kris Kwiatkowski <kris@cloudflare.com>
|
|||
Kris Nova <kris@nivenly.com>
|
||||
Kris Rousey <krousey@google.com>
|
||||
Kristopher Watts <traetox@gmail.com>
|
||||
Krzysztof Dąbrowski <krzysdabro@live.com>
|
||||
Kshitij Saraogi <kshitijsaraogi@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kun Li <likunarmstrong@gmail.com>
|
||||
Kunpei Sakai <namusyaka@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1412,8 +1500,10 @@ Leonardo Comelli <leonardo.comelli@gmail.com>
|
|||
Leonel Quinteros <leonel.quinteros@gmail.com>
|
||||
Lev Shamardin <shamardin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Lewin Bormann <lewin.bormann@gmail.com>
|
||||
Lewis Waddicor <nemesismk2@gmail.com>
|
||||
Liam Haworth <liam@haworth.id.au>
|
||||
Lily Chung <lilithkchung@gmail.com>
|
||||
Lingchao Xin <douglarek@gmail.com>
|
||||
Lion Yang <lion@aosc.xyz>
|
||||
Liz Rice <liz@lizrice.com>
|
||||
Lloyd Dewolf <foolswisdom@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1427,6 +1517,7 @@ Luan Santos <cfcluan@gmail.com>
|
|||
Lubomir I. Ivanov <neolit123@gmail.com>
|
||||
Luca Bruno <luca.bruno@coreos.com>
|
||||
Luca Greco <luca.greco@alcacoop.it>
|
||||
Luca Spiller <luca@stackednotion.com>
|
||||
Lucas Bremgartner <lucas.bremgartner@gmail.com>
|
||||
Lucas Clemente <lclemente@google.com>
|
||||
Lucien Stuker <lucien.stuker@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1450,6 +1541,8 @@ Maarten Bezemer <maarten.bezemer@gmail.com>
|
|||
Maciej Dębski <maciejd@google.com>
|
||||
Madhu Rajanna <madhupr007@gmail.com>
|
||||
Magnus Hiie <magnus.hiie@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mahdi Hosseini Moghaddam <seyed.mahdi.hosseini.moghaddam@ibm.com>
|
||||
Maia Lee <maia.lee@leftfieldlabs.com>
|
||||
Maicon Costa <maiconscosta@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mak Kolybabi <mak@kolybabi.com>
|
||||
Maksym Trykur <maksym.trykur@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1470,6 +1563,7 @@ Marcel Edmund Franke <marcel.edmund.franke@gmail.com>
|
|||
Marcel van Lohuizen <mpvl@golang.org>
|
||||
Marcelo Cantos <marcelo.cantos@gmail.com>
|
||||
Marcelo E. Magallon <marcelo.magallon@gmail.com>
|
||||
Marco Gazerro <gazerro@open2b.com>
|
||||
Marco Hennings <marco.hennings@freiheit.com>
|
||||
Marcus Weiner <marcus.weiner@gmail.com>
|
||||
Marcus Willock <crazcalm@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1481,6 +1575,7 @@ Marius A. Eriksen <marius@grailbio.com>
|
|||
Marius Nuennerich <mnu@google.com>
|
||||
Mark Adams <mark@markadams.me>
|
||||
Mark Bucciarelli <mkbucc@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mark Dain <mark@markdain.net>
|
||||
Mark Glines <mark@glines.org>
|
||||
Mark Harrison <marhar@google.com>
|
||||
Mark Percival <m@mdp.im>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1533,6 +1628,7 @@ Máté Gulyás <mgulyas86@gmail.com>
|
|||
Matej Baćo <matejbaco@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mateus Amin <mateus.amin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mateusz Czapliński <czapkofan@gmail.com>
|
||||
Matheus Alcantara <matheusssilv97@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mathias Beke <git@denbeke.be>
|
||||
Mathias Hall-Andersen <mathias@hall-andersen.dk>
|
||||
Mathias Leppich <mleppich@muhqu.de>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1566,6 +1662,7 @@ Matthew Waters <mwwaters@gmail.com>
|
|||
Matthieu Hauglustaine <matt.hauglustaine@gmail.com>
|
||||
Matthieu Olivier <olivier.matthieu@gmail.com>
|
||||
Matthijs Kooijman <matthijs@stdin.nl>
|
||||
Max Drosdo.www <g1ran1q@gmail.com>
|
||||
Max Riveiro <kavu13@gmail.com>
|
||||
Max Schmitt <max@schmitt.mx>
|
||||
Max Semenik <maxsem.wiki@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1603,6 +1700,7 @@ Michael Hudson-Doyle <michael.hudson@linaro.org>
|
|||
Michael Kasch <michael.kasch@gmail.com>
|
||||
Michael Käufl <golang@c.michael-kaeufl.de>
|
||||
Michael Kelly <mjk@google.com>
|
||||
Michaël Lévesque-Dion <mlevesquedion@google.com>
|
||||
Michael Lewis <mikelikespie@gmail.com>
|
||||
Michael MacInnis <Michael.P.MacInnis@gmail.com>
|
||||
Michael Marineau <michael.marineau@coreos.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1624,6 +1722,7 @@ Michael Teichgräber <mteichgraeber@gmx.de> <mt4swm@googlemail.com>
|
|||
Michael Traver <mtraver@google.com>
|
||||
Michael Vetter <g.bluehut@gmail.com>
|
||||
Michael Vogt <mvo@ubuntu.com>
|
||||
Michail Kargakis <mkargaki@redhat.com>
|
||||
Michal Bohuslávek <mbohuslavek@gmail.com>
|
||||
Michal Cierniak <cierniak@google.com>
|
||||
Michał Derkacz <ziutek@lnet.pl>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1633,6 +1732,7 @@ Michal Pristas <michal.pristas@gmail.com>
|
|||
Michal Rostecki <mrostecki@suse.de>
|
||||
Michalis Kargakis <michaliskargakis@gmail.com>
|
||||
Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
|
||||
Michele Di Pede <michele.di.pede@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mickael Kerjean <mickael.kerjean@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mickey Reiss <mickeyreiss@gmail.com>
|
||||
Miek Gieben <miek@miek.nl> <remigius.gieben@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1670,6 +1770,7 @@ Miquel Sabaté Solà <mikisabate@gmail.com>
|
|||
Mirko Hansen <baaazen@gmail.com>
|
||||
Miroslav Genov <mgenov@gmail.com>
|
||||
Misty De Meo <mistydemeo@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mohamed Attahri <mohamed@attahri.com>
|
||||
Mohit Agarwal <mohit@sdf.org>
|
||||
Mohit kumar Bajoria <mohitbajo36@gmail.com>
|
||||
Mohit Verma <vmohit.93@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1683,6 +1784,7 @@ Môshe van der Sterre <moshevds@gmail.com>
|
|||
Mostyn Bramley-Moore <mostyn@antipode.se>
|
||||
Mrunal Patel <mrunalp@gmail.com>
|
||||
Muhammad Falak R Wani <falakreyaz@gmail.com>
|
||||
Muhammad Hamza Farrukh <hamzafarrukh141@gmail.com>
|
||||
Muhammed Uluyol <uluyol0@gmail.com>
|
||||
Muir Manders <muir@mnd.rs>
|
||||
Mukesh Sharma <sharma.mukesh439@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1692,6 +1794,7 @@ Naman Aggarwal <aggarwal.nam@gmail.com>
|
|||
Nan Deng <monnand@gmail.com>
|
||||
Nao Yonashiro <owan.orisano@gmail.com>
|
||||
Naoki Kanatani <k12naoki@gmail.com>
|
||||
Natanael Copa <ncopa@mirantis.com>
|
||||
Nate Wilkinson <nathanwilk7@gmail.com>
|
||||
Nathan Cantelmo <n.cantelmo@gmail.com>
|
||||
Nathan Caza <mastercactapus@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1708,6 +1811,7 @@ Nathaniel Cook <nvcook42@gmail.com>
|
|||
Naveen Kumar Sangi <naveenkumarsangi@protonmail.com>
|
||||
Neeilan Selvalingam <neeilan96@gmail.com>
|
||||
Neelesh Chandola <neelesh.c98@gmail.com>
|
||||
Nehal J Wani <nehaljw.kkd1@gmail.com>
|
||||
Neil Lyons <nwjlyons@googlemail.com>
|
||||
Neuman Vong <neuman.vong@gmail.com>
|
||||
Neven Sajko <nsajko@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1760,6 +1864,7 @@ Noel Georgi <git@frezbo.com>
|
|||
Norberto Lopes <nlopes.ml@gmail.com>
|
||||
Norman B. Lancaster <qbradq@gmail.com>
|
||||
Nuno Cruces <ncruces@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
Obei Sideg <obei.sideg@gmail.com>
|
||||
Obeyda Djeffal <djefobey@gmail.com>
|
||||
Odin Ugedal <odin@ugedal.com>
|
||||
Oleg Bulatov <dmage@yandex-team.ru>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1769,12 +1874,17 @@ Oling Cat <olingcat@gmail.com>
|
|||
Oliver Hookins <ohookins@gmail.com>
|
||||
Oliver Powell <oliverpowell84@gmail.com>
|
||||
Oliver Stenbom <ostenbom@pivotal.io>
|
||||
Oliver Tan <otan@cockroachlabs.com>
|
||||
Oliver Tonnhofer <olt@bogosoft.com>
|
||||
Olivier Antoine <olivier.antoine@gmail.com>
|
||||
Olivier Duperray <duperray.olivier@gmail.com>
|
||||
Olivier Poitrey <rs@dailymotion.com>
|
||||
Olivier Saingre <osaingre@gmail.com>
|
||||
Olivier Wulveryck <olivier.wulveryck@gmail.com>
|
||||
Omar Jarjur <ojarjur@google.com>
|
||||
Onkar Jadhav <omjadhav2610@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ori Bernstein <ori@eigenstate.org>
|
||||
Ori Rawlings <orirawlings@gmail.com>
|
||||
Oryan Moshe <iamoryanmoshe@gmail.com>
|
||||
Osamu TONOMORI <osamingo@gmail.com>
|
||||
Özgür Kesim <oec-go@kesim.org>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1798,7 +1908,9 @@ Pat Moroney <pat@pat.email>
|
|||
Patrick Barker <barkerp@vmware.com>
|
||||
Patrick Crosby <patrick@stathat.com>
|
||||
Patrick Gavlin <pgavlin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Patrick Gundlach <gundlach@speedata.de>
|
||||
Patrick Higgins <patrick.allen.higgins@gmail.com>
|
||||
Patrick Jones <ithuriel@google.com>
|
||||
Patrick Lee <pattyshack101@gmail.com>
|
||||
Patrick Mézard <patrick@mezard.eu>
|
||||
Patrick Mylund Nielsen <patrick@patrickmn.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1811,6 +1923,9 @@ Paul Borman <borman@google.com>
|
|||
Paul Boyd <boyd.paul2@gmail.com>
|
||||
Paul Chang <paulchang@google.com>
|
||||
Paul D. Weber <x0bdev@gmail.com>
|
||||
Paul Davis <43160081+Pawls@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
Paul E. Murphy <murp@ibm.com>
|
||||
Paul Forgey <paulf@tessier-ashpool.net>
|
||||
Paul Hammond <paul@paulhammond.org>
|
||||
Paul Hankin <paulhankin@google.com>
|
||||
Paul Jolly <paul@myitcv.org.uk>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1836,7 +1951,9 @@ Pavel Zinovkin <pavel.zinovkin@gmail.com>
|
|||
Pavlo Sumkin <ymkins@gmail.com>
|
||||
Pawel Knap <pawelknap88@gmail.com>
|
||||
Pawel Szczur <filemon@google.com>
|
||||
Paweł Szulik <pawel.szulik@intel.com>
|
||||
Pei Xian Chee <luciolas1991@gmail.com>
|
||||
Pei-Ming Wu <p408865@gmail.com>
|
||||
Percy Wegmann <ox.to.a.cart@gmail.com>
|
||||
Perry Abbott <perry.j.abbott@gmail.com>
|
||||
Petar Dambovaliev <petar.atanasov.1987@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1876,6 +1993,7 @@ Philip Hofer <phofer@umich.edu>
|
|||
Philip K. Warren <pkwarren@gmail.com>
|
||||
Philip Nelson <me@pnelson.ca>
|
||||
Philipp Stephani <phst@google.com>
|
||||
Phillip Campbell <15082+phillc@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
Pierre Carru <pierre.carru@eshard.com>
|
||||
Pierre Durand <pierredurand@gmail.com>
|
||||
Pierre Prinetti <pierreprinetti@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1885,6 +2003,7 @@ Pieter Droogendijk <pieter@binky.org.uk>
|
|||
Pietro Gagliardi <pietro10@mac.com>
|
||||
Piyush Mishra <piyush@codeitout.com>
|
||||
Plekhanov Maxim <kishtatix@gmail.com>
|
||||
Poh Zi How <poh.zihow@gmail.com>
|
||||
Polina Osadcha <polliosa@google.com>
|
||||
Pontus Leitzler <leitzler@gmail.com>
|
||||
Povilas Versockas <p.versockas@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1904,14 +2023,17 @@ Quentin Perez <qperez@ocs.online.net>
|
|||
Quentin Renard <contact@asticode.com>
|
||||
Quentin Smith <quentin@golang.org>
|
||||
Quey-Liang Kao <s101062801@m101.nthu.edu.tw>
|
||||
Quim Muntal <quimmuntal@gmail.com>
|
||||
Quinn Slack <sqs@sourcegraph.com>
|
||||
Quinten Yearsley <qyearsley@chromium.org>
|
||||
Quoc-Viet Nguyen <afelion@gmail.com>
|
||||
Radek Simko <radek.simko@gmail.com>
|
||||
Radek Sohlich <sohlich@gmail.com>
|
||||
Radu Berinde <radu@cockroachlabs.com>
|
||||
Rafal Jeczalik <rjeczalik@gmail.com>
|
||||
Raghavendra Nagaraj <jamdagni86@gmail.com>
|
||||
Rahul Chaudhry <rahulchaudhry@chromium.org>
|
||||
Rahul Wadhwani <rahulwadhwani21@gmail.com>
|
||||
Raif S. Naffah <go@naffah-raif.name>
|
||||
Rajat Goel <rajat.goel2010@gmail.com>
|
||||
Rajath Agasthya <rajathagasthya@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1935,6 +2057,7 @@ Ren Ogaki <re.yuz77777@gmail.com>
|
|||
Rens Rikkerink <Ikkerens@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
Rhys Hiltner <rhys@justin.tv>
|
||||
Ricardo Padilha <ricardospadilha@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ricardo Pchevuzinske Katz <ricardo.katz@serpro.gov.br>
|
||||
Ricardo Seriani <ricardo.seriani@gmail.com>
|
||||
Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>
|
||||
Richard Crowley <r@rcrowley.org>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1991,6 +2114,7 @@ Roman Kollár <roman.kollar.0@gmail.com>
|
|||
Roman Shchekin <mrqtros@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ron Hashimoto <mail@h2so5.net>
|
||||
Ron Minnich <rminnich@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ronnie Ebrin <ebrin.ronnie@protonmail.com>
|
||||
Ross Chater <rdchater@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ross Kinsey <rossikinsey@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ross Light <light@google.com> <rlight2@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2010,6 +2134,7 @@ Ryan Brown <ribrdb@google.com>
|
|||
Ryan Canty <jrcanty@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ryan Dahl <ry@tinyclouds.org>
|
||||
Ryan Hitchman <hitchmanr@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ryan Kohler <ryankohler@google.com>
|
||||
Ryan Lower <rpjlower@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ryan Roden-Corrent <ryan@rcorre.net>
|
||||
Ryan Seys <ryan@ryanseys.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2023,7 +2148,9 @@ S.Çağlar Onur <caglar@10ur.org>
|
|||
Sabin Mihai Rapan <sabin.rapan@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sad Pencil <qh06@qq.com>
|
||||
Sai Cheemalapati <saicheems@google.com>
|
||||
Sai Kiran Dasika <kirandasika30@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sakeven Jiang <jc5930@sina.cn>
|
||||
Salaheddin M. Mahmud <salah.mahmud@gmail.com>
|
||||
Salmān Aljammāz <s@0x65.net>
|
||||
Sam Arnold <sarnold64@bloomberg.net>
|
||||
Sam Boyer <tech@samboyer.org>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2033,6 +2160,7 @@ Sam Ding <samding@ca.ibm.com>
|
|||
Sam Hug <samuel.b.hug@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sam Thorogood <thorogood@google.com> <sam.thorogood@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sam Whited <sam@samwhited.com>
|
||||
Sam Xie <xsambundy@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sameer Ajmani <sameer@golang.org> <ajmani@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sami Commerot <samic@google.com>
|
||||
Sami Pönkänen <sami.ponkanen@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2042,6 +2170,7 @@ Samuele Pedroni <pedronis@lucediurna.net>
|
|||
Sander van Harmelen <sander@vanharmelen.nl>
|
||||
Sanjay Menakuru <balasanjay@gmail.com>
|
||||
Santhosh Kumar Tekuri <santhosh.tekuri@gmail.com>
|
||||
Santiago De la Cruz <51337247+xhit@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
Sarah Adams <shadams@google.com>
|
||||
Sardorbek Pulatov <sardorbek.pulatov@outlook.com>
|
||||
Sascha Brawer <sascha@brawer.ch>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2062,6 +2191,7 @@ Sean Chittenden <seanc@joyent.com>
|
|||
Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
|
||||
Sean Dolphin <Sean.Dolphin@kpcompass.com>
|
||||
Sean Harger <sharger@google.com>
|
||||
Sean Hildebrand <seanwhildebrand@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sean Liao <seankhliao@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sean Rees <sean@erifax.org>
|
||||
Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2094,10 +2224,12 @@ Serhii Aheienko <serhii.aheienko@gmail.com>
|
|||
Seth Hoenig <seth.a.hoenig@gmail.com>
|
||||
Seth Vargo <sethvargo@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shahar Kohanim <skohanim@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shailesh Suryawanshi <ss.shailesh28@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shamil Garatuev <garatuev@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shane Hansen <shanemhansen@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shang Jian Ding <sding3@ncsu.edu>
|
||||
Shaozhen Ding <dsz0111@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shaquille Que <shaquille@golang.org>
|
||||
Shaquille Wyan Que <shaqqywyan@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shaun Dunning <shaun.dunning@uservoice.com>
|
||||
Shawn Elliott <selliott@microsoft.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2108,8 +2240,11 @@ Shenghou Ma <minux@golang.org> <minux.ma@gmail.com>
|
|||
Shengjing Zhu <zsj950618@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shengyu Zhang <shengyu.zhang@chaitin.com>
|
||||
Shi Han Ng <shihanng@gmail.com>
|
||||
ShihCheng Tu <mrtoastcheng@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shijie Hao <haormj@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shin Fan <shinfan@google.com>
|
||||
Shinji Tanaka <shinji.tanaka@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shinnosuke Sawada <6warashi9@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shintaro Kaneko <kaneshin0120@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shivakumar GN <shivakumar.gn@gmail.com>
|
||||
Shivani Singhal <shivani.singhal2804@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2121,17 +2256,21 @@ Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
|
|||
Simarpreet Singh <simar@linux.com>
|
||||
Simon Drake <simondrake1990@gmail.com>
|
||||
Simon Ferquel <simon.ferquel@docker.com>
|
||||
Simon Frei <freisim93@gmail.com>
|
||||
Simon Jefford <simon.jefford@gmail.com>
|
||||
Simon Rawet <simon@rawet.se>
|
||||
Simon Rozman <simon@rozman.si>
|
||||
Simon Ser <contact@emersion.fr>
|
||||
Simon Thulbourn <simon+github@thulbourn.com>
|
||||
Simon Whitehead <chemnova@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sina Siadat <siadat@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sjoerd Siebinga <sjoerd.siebinga@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sokolov Yura <funny.falcon@gmail.com>
|
||||
Song Gao <song@gao.io>
|
||||
Songjiayang <songjiayang1@gmail.com>
|
||||
Soojin Nam <jsunam@gmail.com>
|
||||
Søren L. Hansen <soren@linux2go.dk>
|
||||
Sparrow Li <liyuancylx@gmail.com>
|
||||
Spencer Kocot <spencerkocot@gmail.com>
|
||||
Spencer Nelson <s@spenczar.com>
|
||||
Spencer Tung <spencertung@google.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2140,12 +2279,14 @@ Srdjan Petrovic <spetrovic@google.com>
|
|||
Sridhar Venkatakrishnan <sridhar@laddoo.net>
|
||||
Srinidhi Kaushik <shrinidhi.kaushik@gmail.com>
|
||||
StalkR <stalkr@stalkr.net>
|
||||
Stan Hu <stanhu@gmail.com>
|
||||
Stan Schwertly <stan@schwertly.com>
|
||||
Stanislav Afanasev <php.progger@gmail.com>
|
||||
Steeve Morin <steeve.morin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Stefan Baebler <sbaebler@outbrain.com>
|
||||
Stefan Nilsson <snilsson@nada.kth.se> <trolleriprofessorn@gmail.com>
|
||||
Stepan Shabalin <neverliberty@gmail.com>
|
||||
Stephan Klatt <stephan.klatt@gmail.com>
|
||||
Stephan Renatus <srenatus@chef.io>
|
||||
Stephan Zuercher <zuercher@gmail.com>
|
||||
Stéphane Travostino <stephane.travostino@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2163,13 +2304,16 @@ Steve Mynott <steve.mynott@gmail.com>
|
|||
Steve Newman <snewman@google.com>
|
||||
Steve Phillips <elimisteve@gmail.com>
|
||||
Steve Streeting <steve@stevestreeting.com>
|
||||
Steve Traut <straut@google.com>
|
||||
Steven Buss <sbuss@google.com>
|
||||
Steven Elliot Harris <seharris@gmail.com>
|
||||
Steven Erenst <stevenerenst@gmail.com>
|
||||
Steven Hartland <steven.hartland@multiplay.co.uk>
|
||||
Steven Littiebrant <imgroxx@gmail.com>
|
||||
Steven Maude <git@stevenmaude.co.uk>
|
||||
Steven Wilkin <stevenwilkin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Stuart Jansen <sjansen@buscaluz.org>
|
||||
Subham Sarkar <sarkar.subhams2@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sue Spence <virtuallysue@gmail.com>
|
||||
Sugu Sougoumarane <ssougou@gmail.com>
|
||||
Suharsh Sivakumar <suharshs@google.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2193,6 +2337,7 @@ Taesu Pyo <pyotaesu@gmail.com>
|
|||
Tai Le <letientai299@gmail.com>
|
||||
Taj Khattra <taj.khattra@gmail.com>
|
||||
Takashi Matsuo <tmatsuo@google.com>
|
||||
Takashi Mima <tks.m1205@gmail.com>
|
||||
Takayoshi Nishida <takayoshi.nishida@gmail.com>
|
||||
Takeshi YAMANASHI <9.nashi@gmail.com>
|
||||
Takuto Ikuta <tikuta@google.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2221,6 +2366,7 @@ Thanatat Tamtan <acoshift@gmail.com>
|
|||
The Hatsune Daishi <nao20010128@gmail.com>
|
||||
Thiago Avelino <t@avelino.xxx>
|
||||
Thiago Fransosi Farina <thiago.farina@gmail.com> <tfarina@chromium.org>
|
||||
Thom Wiggers <thom@thomwiggers.nl>
|
||||
Thomas Alan Copeland <talan.copeland@gmail.com>
|
||||
Thomas Bonfort <thomas.bonfort@gmail.com>
|
||||
Thomas Bouldin <inlined@google.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2245,6 +2391,7 @@ Tim Ebringer <tim.ebringer@gmail.com>
|
|||
Tim Heckman <t@heckman.io>
|
||||
Tim Henderson <tim.tadh@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tim Hockin <thockin@google.com>
|
||||
Tim King <taking@google.com>
|
||||
Tim Möhlmann <muhlemmer@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tim Swast <swast@google.com>
|
||||
Tim Wright <tenortim@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2252,8 +2399,10 @@ Tim Xu <xiaoxubeii@gmail.com>
|
|||
Timmy Douglas <timmyd983@gmail.com>
|
||||
Timo Savola <timo.savola@gmail.com>
|
||||
Timo Truyts <alkaloid.btx@gmail.com>
|
||||
Timothy Gu <timothygu99@gmail.com>
|
||||
Timothy Studd <tim@timstudd.com>
|
||||
Tipp Moseley <tipp@google.com>
|
||||
Tiwei Bie <tiwei.btw@antgroup.com>
|
||||
Tobias Assarsson <tobias.assarsson@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tobias Columbus <tobias.columbus@gmail.com> <tobias.columbus@googlemail.com>
|
||||
Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2268,11 +2417,13 @@ Tom Lanyon <tomlanyon@google.com>
|
|||
Tom Levy <tomlevy93@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tom Limoncelli <tal@whatexit.org>
|
||||
Tom Linford <tomlinford@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tom Panton <tom@tomandtally.co.uk>
|
||||
Tom Parkin <tom.parkin@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tom Payne <twpayne@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tom Szymanski <tgs@google.com>
|
||||
Tom Thorogood <me+google@tomthorogood.co.uk>
|
||||
Tom Wilkie <tom@weave.works>
|
||||
Tom Zierbock <tomzierbock@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tomas Dabasinskas <tomas@dabasinskas.net>
|
||||
Tommy Schaefer <tommy.schaefer@teecom.com>
|
||||
Tomohiro Kusumoto <zabio1192@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2298,6 +2449,7 @@ Tristan Colgate <tcolgate@gmail.com>
|
|||
Tristan Ooohry <ooohry@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tristan Rice <rice@fn.lc>
|
||||
Troels Thomsen <troels@thomsen.io>
|
||||
Trong Bui <trong.buiquoc@gmail.com>
|
||||
Trung Nguyen <trung.n.k@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tsuji Daishiro <dram.dt.shonan@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tudor Golubenco <tudor.g@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2308,6 +2460,7 @@ Tyler Bunnell <tylerbunnell@gmail.com>
|
|||
Tyler Treat <ttreat31@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tyson Andre <tysonandre775@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tzach Shabtay <tzachshabtay@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tzu-Chiao Yeh <su3g4284zo6y7@gmail.com>
|
||||
Tzu-Jung Lee <roylee17@currant.com>
|
||||
Udalov Max <re.udalov@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ugorji Nwoke <ugorji@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2316,6 +2469,7 @@ Ulrich Kunitz <uli.kunitz@gmail.com>
|
|||
Umang Parmar <umangjparmar@gmail.com>
|
||||
Uriel Mangado <uriel@berlinblue.org>
|
||||
Urvil Patel <patelurvil38@gmail.com>
|
||||
Utkarsh Dixit <53217283+utkarsh-extc@users.noreply.github.com>
|
||||
Uttam C Pawar <uttam.c.pawar@intel.com>
|
||||
Vadim Grek <vadimprog@gmail.com>
|
||||
Vadim Vygonets <unixdj@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2327,6 +2481,7 @@ Venil Noronha <veniln@vmware.com>
|
|||
Veselkov Konstantin <kostozyb@gmail.com>
|
||||
Viacheslav Poturaev <vearutop@gmail.com>
|
||||
Victor Chudnovsky <vchudnov@google.com>
|
||||
Victor Michel <victor@optimyze.cloud>
|
||||
Victor Vrantchan <vrancean+github@gmail.com>
|
||||
Vignesh Ramachandra <vickyramachandra@gmail.com>
|
||||
Vikas Kedia <vikask@google.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2341,6 +2496,7 @@ Visweswara R <r.visweswara@gmail.com>
|
|||
Vitaly Zdanevich <zdanevich.vitaly@ya.ru>
|
||||
Vitor De Mario <vitordemario@gmail.com>
|
||||
Vivek Sekhar <vsekhar@google.com>
|
||||
Vivek V <iamvivekv96@gmail.com>
|
||||
Vivian Liang <vliang88@gmail.com>
|
||||
Vlad Krasnov <vlad@cloudflare.com>
|
||||
Vladimir Evgrafov <evgrafov.vladimir@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2370,6 +2526,7 @@ Wei Guangjing <vcc.163@gmail.com>
|
|||
Wei Xiao <wei.xiao@arm.com>
|
||||
Wei Xikai <xykwei@gmail.com>
|
||||
Weichao Tang <tevic.tt@gmail.com>
|
||||
Weixie Cui <cuiweixie@gmail.com> <523516579@qq.com>
|
||||
Wembley G. Leach, Jr <wembley.gl@gmail.com>
|
||||
Wenlei (Frank) He <wlhe@google.com>
|
||||
Wenzel Lowe <lowewenzel@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2392,6 +2549,7 @@ Wu Yunzhou <yunzhouwu@gmail.com>
|
|||
Xi Ruoyao <xry23333@gmail.com>
|
||||
Xia Bin <snyh@snyh.org>
|
||||
Xiangdong Ji <xiangdong.ji@arm.com>
|
||||
Xiaodong Liu <teaofmoli@gmail.com>
|
||||
Xing Xing <mikespook@gmail.com>
|
||||
Xingqang Bai <bxq2011hust@qq.com>
|
||||
Xu Fei <badgangkiller@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2459,6 +2617,7 @@ Zhou Peng <p@ctriple.cn>
|
|||
Ziad Hatahet <hatahet@gmail.com>
|
||||
Ziheng Liu <lzhfromustc@gmail.com>
|
||||
Zorion Arrizabalaga <zorionk@gmail.com>
|
||||
Zyad A. Ali <zyad.ali.me@gmail.com>
|
||||
Максадбек Ахмедов <a.maksadbek@gmail.com>
|
||||
Максим Федосеев <max.faceless.frei@gmail.com>
|
||||
Роман Хавроненко <hagen1778@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
12
README.md
12
README.md
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
|
|||
Go is an open source programming language that makes it easy to build simple,
|
||||
reliable, and efficient software.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Gopher image by [Renee French][rf], licensed under [Creative Commons 3.0 Attributions license][cc3-by].*
|
||||
|
||||
Our canonical Git repository is located at https://go.googlesource.com/go.
|
||||
|
|
@ -19,22 +19,20 @@ BSD-style license found in the LICENSE file.
|
|||
Official binary distributions are available at https://golang.org/dl/.
|
||||
|
||||
After downloading a binary release, visit https://golang.org/doc/install
|
||||
or load [doc/install.html](./doc/install.html) in your web browser for installation
|
||||
instructions.
|
||||
for installation instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install From Source
|
||||
|
||||
If a binary distribution is not available for your combination of
|
||||
operating system and architecture, visit
|
||||
https://golang.org/doc/install/source or load [doc/install-source.html](./doc/install-source.html)
|
||||
in your web browser for source installation instructions.
|
||||
https://golang.org/doc/install/source
|
||||
for source installation instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
### Contributing
|
||||
|
||||
Go is the work of thousands of contributors. We appreciate your help!
|
||||
|
||||
To contribute, please read the contribution guidelines:
|
||||
https://golang.org/doc/contribute.html
|
||||
To contribute, please read the contribution guidelines at https://golang.org/doc/contribute.html.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the Go project uses the issue tracker for bug reports and
|
||||
proposals only. See https://golang.org/wiki/Questions for a list of
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
|
|||
pkg encoding/json, method (*RawMessage) MarshalJSON() ([]uint8, error)
|
||||
pkg math, const MaxFloat64 = 1.79769e+308 // 179769313486231570814527423731704356798100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
|
||||
pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat32 = 1.4013e-45 // 17516230804060213386546619791123951641/12500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
|
||||
pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat64 = 4.94066e-324 // 4940656458412465441765687928682213723651/1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
|
||||
pkg math/big, const MaxBase = 36
|
||||
pkg math/big, type Word uintptr
|
||||
pkg net, func ListenUnixgram(string, *UnixAddr) (*UDPConn, error)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
|
|||
pkg archive/zip, method (*ReadCloser) Open(string) (fs.File, error)
|
||||
pkg archive/zip, method (*Reader) Open(string) (fs.File, error)
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, method (SystemRootsError) Unwrap() error
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, type CertificateRequest struct, BasicConstraintsValid bool
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, type CertificateRequest struct, ExtKeyUsage []ExtKeyUsage
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, type CertificateRequest struct, IsCA bool
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, type CertificateRequest struct, KeyUsage KeyUsage
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, type CertificateRequest struct, MaxPathLen int
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, type CertificateRequest struct, MaxPathLenZero bool
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, type CertificateRequest struct, PolicyIdentifiers []asn1.ObjectIdentifier
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, type CertificateRequest struct, SubjectKeyId []uint8
|
||||
pkg crypto/x509, type CertificateRequest struct, UnknownExtKeyUsage []asn1.ObjectIdentifier
|
||||
pkg debug/elf, const DT_ADDRRNGHI = 1879047935
|
||||
pkg debug/elf, const DT_ADDRRNGHI DynTag
|
||||
pkg debug/elf, const DT_ADDRRNGLO = 1879047680
|
||||
|
|
@ -235,9 +226,41 @@ pkg embed, type FS struct
|
|||
pkg flag, func Func(string, string, func(string) error)
|
||||
pkg flag, method (*FlagSet) Func(string, string, func(string) error)
|
||||
pkg go/build, type Package struct, EmbedPatterns []string
|
||||
pkg go/build, type Package struct, EmbedPatternPos map[string][]token.Position
|
||||
pkg go/build, type Package struct, IgnoredOtherFiles []string
|
||||
pkg go/build, type Package struct, TestEmbedPatterns []string
|
||||
pkg go/build, type Package struct, TestEmbedPatternPos map[string][]token.Position
|
||||
pkg go/build, type Package struct, XTestEmbedPatterns []string
|
||||
pkg go/build, type Package struct, XTestEmbedPatternPos map[string][]token.Position
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, func IsGoBuild(string) bool
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, func IsPlusBuild(string) bool
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, func Parse(string) (Expr, error)
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, func PlusBuildLines(Expr) ([]string, error)
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, method (*AndExpr) Eval(func(string) bool) bool
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, method (*AndExpr) String() string
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, method (*NotExpr) Eval(func(string) bool) bool
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, method (*NotExpr) String() string
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, method (*OrExpr) Eval(func(string) bool) bool
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, method (*OrExpr) String() string
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, method (*SyntaxError) Error() string
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, method (*TagExpr) Eval(func(string) bool) bool
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, method (*TagExpr) String() string
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type AndExpr struct
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type AndExpr struct, X Expr
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type AndExpr struct, Y Expr
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type Expr interface, Eval(func(string) bool) bool
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type Expr interface, String() string
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type Expr interface, unexported methods
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type NotExpr struct
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type NotExpr struct, X Expr
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type OrExpr struct
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type OrExpr struct, X Expr
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type OrExpr struct, Y Expr
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type SyntaxError struct
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type SyntaxError struct, Err string
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type SyntaxError struct, Offset int
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type TagExpr struct
|
||||
pkg go/build/constraint, type TagExpr struct, Tag string
|
||||
pkg html/template, func ParseFS(fs.FS, ...string) (*Template, error)
|
||||
pkg html/template, method (*Template) ParseFS(fs.FS, ...string) (*Template, error)
|
||||
pkg io, func NopCloser(Reader) ReadCloser
|
||||
|
|
@ -404,7 +427,6 @@ pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct, Cumulative bool
|
|||
pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct, Description string
|
||||
pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct, Kind ValueKind
|
||||
pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct, Name string
|
||||
pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct, StopTheWorld bool
|
||||
pkg runtime/metrics, type Float64Histogram struct
|
||||
pkg runtime/metrics, type Float64Histogram struct, Buckets []float64
|
||||
pkg runtime/metrics, type Float64Histogram struct, Counts []uint64
|
||||
|
|
@ -437,10 +459,8 @@ pkg syscall (linux-arm-cgo), func AllThreadsSyscall(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, u
|
|||
pkg syscall (linux-arm-cgo), func AllThreadsSyscall6(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
|
||||
pkg syscall (linux-arm-cgo), func Setegid(int) error
|
||||
pkg syscall (linux-arm-cgo), func Seteuid(int) error
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-386), func RtlGenRandom(*uint8, uint32) error
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-386), method (*DLLError) Unwrap() error
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-386), type SysProcAttr struct, NoInheritHandles bool
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), func RtlGenRandom(*uint8, uint32) error
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), method (*DLLError) Unwrap() error
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type SysProcAttr struct, NoInheritHandles bool
|
||||
pkg testing/fstest, func TestFS(fs.FS, ...string) error
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
194
api/go1.17.txt
Normal file
194
api/go1.17.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
|
|||
pkg archive/zip, method (*File) OpenRaw() (io.Reader, error)
|
||||
pkg archive/zip, method (*Writer) Copy(*File) error
|
||||
pkg archive/zip, method (*Writer) CreateRaw(*FileHeader) (io.Writer, error)
|
||||
pkg compress/lzw, method (*Reader) Close() error
|
||||
pkg compress/lzw, method (*Reader) Read([]uint8) (int, error)
|
||||
pkg compress/lzw, method (*Reader) Reset(io.Reader, Order, int)
|
||||
pkg compress/lzw, method (*Writer) Close() error
|
||||
pkg compress/lzw, method (*Writer) Reset(io.Writer, Order, int)
|
||||
pkg compress/lzw, method (*Writer) Write([]uint8) (int, error)
|
||||
pkg compress/lzw, type Reader struct
|
||||
pkg compress/lzw, type Writer struct
|
||||
pkg crypto/tls, method (*CertificateRequestInfo) Context() context.Context
|
||||
pkg crypto/tls, method (*ClientHelloInfo) Context() context.Context
|
||||
pkg crypto/tls, method (*Conn) HandshakeContext(context.Context) error
|
||||
pkg database/sql, method (*NullByte) Scan(interface{}) error
|
||||
pkg database/sql, method (*NullInt16) Scan(interface{}) error
|
||||
pkg database/sql, method (NullByte) Value() (driver.Value, error)
|
||||
pkg database/sql, method (NullInt16) Value() (driver.Value, error)
|
||||
pkg database/sql, type NullByte struct
|
||||
pkg database/sql, type NullByte struct, Byte uint8
|
||||
pkg database/sql, type NullByte struct, Valid bool
|
||||
pkg database/sql, type NullInt16 struct
|
||||
pkg database/sql, type NullInt16 struct, Int16 int16
|
||||
pkg database/sql, type NullInt16 struct, Valid bool
|
||||
pkg debug/elf, const SHT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS = 1879048234
|
||||
pkg debug/elf, const SHT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS SectionType
|
||||
pkg encoding/csv, method (*Reader) FieldPos(int) (int, int)
|
||||
pkg go/build, type Context struct, ToolTags []string
|
||||
pkg go/parser, const SkipObjectResolution = 64
|
||||
pkg go/parser, const SkipObjectResolution Mode
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Alpha) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Alpha) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Alpha16) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Alpha16) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg image, method (*CMYK) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*CMYK) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Gray) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Gray) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Gray16) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Gray16) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg image, method (*NRGBA) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*NRGBA) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg image, method (*NRGBA64) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*NRGBA64) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg image, method (*NYCbCrA) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Paletted) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Paletted) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg image, method (*RGBA) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*RGBA) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg image, method (*Uniform) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (*YCbCr) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, method (Rectangle) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface { At, Bounds, ColorModel, RGBA64At }
|
||||
pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface, At(int, int) color.Color
|
||||
pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface, Bounds() Rectangle
|
||||
pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface, ColorModel() color.Model
|
||||
pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface, RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface { At, Bounds, ColorModel, RGBA64At, Set, SetRGBA64 }
|
||||
pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, At(int, int) color.Color
|
||||
pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, Bounds() image.Rectangle
|
||||
pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, ColorModel() color.Model
|
||||
pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
|
||||
pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, Set(int, int, color.Color)
|
||||
pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
|
||||
pkg io/fs, func FileInfoToDirEntry(FileInfo) DirEntry
|
||||
pkg math, const MaxFloat64 = 1.79769e+308 // 179769313486231570814527423731704356798070567525844996598917476803157260780028538760589558632766878171540458953514382464234321326889464182768467546703537516986049910576551282076245490090389328944075868508455133942304583236903222948165808559332123348274797826204144723168738177180919299881250404026184124858368
|
||||
pkg math, const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
|
||||
pkg math, const MaxInt ideal-int
|
||||
pkg math, const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
|
||||
pkg math, const MaxUint ideal-int
|
||||
pkg math, const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
|
||||
pkg math, const MinInt ideal-int
|
||||
pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat32 = 1.4013e-45 // 1/713623846352979940529142984724747568191373312
|
||||
pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat64 = 4.94066e-324 // 1/202402253307310618352495346718917307049556649764142118356901358027430339567995346891960383701437124495187077864316811911389808737385793476867013399940738509921517424276566361364466907742093216341239767678472745068562007483424692698618103355649159556340810056512358769552333414615230502532186327508646006263307707741093494784
|
||||
pkg net, method (*ParseError) Temporary() bool
|
||||
pkg net, method (*ParseError) Timeout() bool
|
||||
pkg net, method (IP) IsPrivate() bool
|
||||
pkg net/http, func AllowQuerySemicolons(Handler) Handler
|
||||
pkg net/url, method (Values) Has(string) bool
|
||||
pkg reflect, func VisibleFields(Type) []StructField
|
||||
pkg reflect, method (Method) IsExported() bool
|
||||
pkg reflect, method (StructField) IsExported() bool
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (darwin-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (darwin-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (darwin-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (darwin-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-386-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-386-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-arm-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-386-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-386-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-386-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-386-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-arm-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (linux-arm-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-386-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-386-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-386-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-386-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
|
||||
pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
|
||||
pkg strconv, func QuotedPrefix(string) (string, error)
|
||||
pkg sync/atomic, method (*Value) CompareAndSwap(interface{}, interface{}) bool
|
||||
pkg sync/atomic, method (*Value) Swap(interface{}) interface{}
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-386), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-386), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-386), const WEXITED = 32
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-386), const WEXITED ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-386-cgo), const WEXITED = 32
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-386-cgo), const WEXITED ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64), const WEXITED = 32
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64), const WEXITED ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const WEXITED = 32
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const WEXITED ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const WEXITED = 32
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const WEXITED ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const WEXITED = 32
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const WEXITED ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64), const WEXITED = 32
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64), const WEXITED ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const WEXITED = 32
|
||||
pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const WEXITED ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC = 2048
|
||||
pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC = 2048
|
||||
pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC = 2048
|
||||
pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC = 2048
|
||||
pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC ideal-int
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-386), type SysProcAttr struct, AdditionalInheritedHandles []Handle
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-386), type SysProcAttr struct, ParentProcess Handle
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type SysProcAttr struct, AdditionalInheritedHandles []Handle
|
||||
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type SysProcAttr struct, ParentProcess Handle
|
||||
pkg testing, method (*B) Setenv(string, string)
|
||||
pkg testing, method (*T) Setenv(string, string)
|
||||
pkg testing, type TB interface, Setenv(string, string)
|
||||
pkg text/template/parse, const SkipFuncCheck = 2
|
||||
pkg text/template/parse, const SkipFuncCheck Mode
|
||||
pkg time, const Layout = "01/02 03:04:05PM '06 -0700"
|
||||
pkg time, const Layout ideal-string
|
||||
pkg time, func UnixMicro(int64) Time
|
||||
pkg time, func UnixMilli(int64) Time
|
||||
pkg time, method (Time) GoString() string
|
||||
pkg time, method (Time) IsDST() bool
|
||||
pkg time, method (Time) UnixMicro() int64
|
||||
pkg time, method (Time) UnixMilli() int64
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"title": "About the go command"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The Go distribution includes a command, named
|
||||
"<code><a href="/cmd/go/">go</a></code>", that
|
||||
automates the downloading, building, installation, and testing of Go packages
|
||||
and commands. This document talks about why we wrote a new command, what it
|
||||
is, what it's not, and how to use it.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Motivation</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>You might have seen early Go talks in which Rob Pike jokes that the idea
|
||||
for Go arose while waiting for a large Google server to compile. That
|
||||
really was the motivation for Go: to build a language that worked well
|
||||
for building the large software that Google writes and runs. It was
|
||||
clear from the start that such a language must provide a way to
|
||||
express dependencies between code libraries clearly, hence the package
|
||||
grouping and the explicit import blocks. It was also clear from the
|
||||
start that you might want arbitrary syntax for describing the code
|
||||
being imported; this is why import paths are string literals.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>An explicit goal for Go from the beginning was to be able to build Go
|
||||
code using only the information found in the source itself, not
|
||||
needing to write a makefile or one of the many modern replacements for
|
||||
makefiles. If Go needed a configuration file to explain how to build
|
||||
your program, then Go would have failed.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>At first, there was no Go compiler, and the initial development
|
||||
focused on building one and then building libraries for it. For
|
||||
expedience, we postponed the automation of building Go code by using
|
||||
make and writing makefiles. When compiling a single package involved
|
||||
multiple invocations of the Go compiler, we even used a program to
|
||||
write the makefiles for us. You can find it if you dig through the
|
||||
repository history.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The purpose of the new go command is our return to this ideal, that Go
|
||||
programs should compile without configuration or additional effort on
|
||||
the part of the developer beyond writing the necessary import
|
||||
statements.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Configuration versus convention</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The way to achieve the simplicity of a configuration-free system is to
|
||||
establish conventions. The system works only to the extent that those conventions
|
||||
are followed. When we first launched Go, many people published packages that
|
||||
had to be installed in certain places, under certain names, using certain build
|
||||
tools, in order to be used. That's understandable: that's the way it works in
|
||||
most other languages. Over the last few years we consistently reminded people
|
||||
about the <code>goinstall</code> command
|
||||
(now replaced by <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Download_and_install_packages_and_dependencies"><code>go get</code></a>)
|
||||
and its conventions: first, that the import path is derived in a known way from
|
||||
the URL of the source code; second, that the place to store the sources in
|
||||
the local file system is derived in a known way from the import path; third,
|
||||
that each directory in a source tree corresponds to a single package; and
|
||||
fourth, that the package is built using only information in the source code.
|
||||
Today, the vast majority of packages follow these conventions.
|
||||
The Go ecosystem is simpler and more powerful as a result.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>We received many requests to allow a makefile in a package directory to
|
||||
provide just a little extra configuration beyond what's in the source code.
|
||||
But that would have introduced new rules. Because we did not accede to such
|
||||
requests, we were able to write the go command and eliminate our use of make
|
||||
or any other build system.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>It is important to understand that the go command is not a general
|
||||
build tool. It cannot be configured and it does not attempt to build
|
||||
anything but Go packages. These are important simplifying
|
||||
assumptions: they simplify not only the implementation but also, more
|
||||
important, the use of the tool itself.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Go's conventions</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The <code>go</code> command requires that code adheres to a few key,
|
||||
well-established conventions.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>First, the import path is derived in a known way from the URL of the
|
||||
source code. For Bitbucket, GitHub, Google Code, and Launchpad, the
|
||||
root directory of the repository is identified by the repository's
|
||||
main URL, without the <code>http://</code> prefix. Subdirectories are named by
|
||||
adding to that path.
|
||||
For example, the Go example programs are obtained by running</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/golang/example
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>and thus the import path for the root directory of that repository is
|
||||
"<code>github.com/golang/example</code>".
|
||||
The <a href="https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/example/stringutil">stringutil</a>
|
||||
package is stored in a subdirectory, so its import path is
|
||||
"<code>github.com/golang/example/stringutil</code>".</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>These paths are on the long side, but in exchange we get an
|
||||
automatically managed name space for import paths and the ability for
|
||||
a tool like the go command to look at an unfamiliar import path and
|
||||
deduce where to obtain the source code.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Second, the place to store sources in the local file system is derived
|
||||
in a known way from the import path, specifically
|
||||
<code>$GOPATH/src/<import-path></code>.
|
||||
If unset, <code>$GOPATH</code> defaults to a subdirectory
|
||||
named <code>go</code> in the user's home directory.
|
||||
If <code>$GOPATH</code> is set to a list of paths, the go command tries
|
||||
<code><dir>/src/<import-path></code> for each of the directories in
|
||||
that list.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Each of those trees contains, by convention, a top-level directory named
|
||||
"<code>bin</code>", for holding compiled executables, and a top-level directory
|
||||
named "<code>pkg</code>", for holding compiled packages that can be imported,
|
||||
and the "<code>src</code>" directory, for holding package source files.
|
||||
Imposing this structure lets us keep each of these directory trees
|
||||
self-contained: the compiled form and the sources are always near each
|
||||
other.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>These naming conventions also let us work in the reverse direction,
|
||||
from a directory name to its import path. This mapping is important
|
||||
for many of the go command's subcommands, as we'll see below.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Third, each directory in a source tree corresponds to a single
|
||||
package. By restricting a directory to a single package, we don't have
|
||||
to create hybrid import paths that specify first the directory and
|
||||
then the package within that directory. Also, most file management
|
||||
tools and UIs work on directories as fundamental units. Tying the
|
||||
fundamental Go unit—the package—to file system structure means
|
||||
that file system tools become Go package tools. Copying, moving, or
|
||||
deleting a package corresponds to copying, moving, or deleting a
|
||||
directory.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Fourth, each package is built using only the information present in
|
||||
the source files. This makes it much more likely that the tool will
|
||||
be able to adapt to changing build environments and conditions. For
|
||||
example, if we allowed extra configuration such as compiler flags or
|
||||
command line recipes, then that configuration would need to be updated
|
||||
each time the build tools changed; it would also be inherently tied
|
||||
to the use of a specific toolchain.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Getting started with the go command</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Finally, a quick tour of how to use the go command.
|
||||
As mentioned above, the default <code>$GOPATH</code> on Unix is <code>$HOME/go</code>.
|
||||
We'll store our programs there.
|
||||
To use a different location, you can set <code>$GOPATH</code>;
|
||||
see <a href="/doc/code.html">How to Write Go Code</a> for details.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>We first add some source code. Suppose we want to use
|
||||
the indexing library from the codesearch project along with a left-leaning
|
||||
red-black tree. We can install both with the "<code>go get</code>"
|
||||
subcommand:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go get github.com/google/codesearch/index
|
||||
$ go get github.com/petar/GoLLRB/llrb
|
||||
$
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Both of these projects are now downloaded and installed into <code>$HOME/go</code>,
|
||||
which contains the two directories
|
||||
<code>src/github.com/google/codesearch/index/</code> and
|
||||
<code>src/github.com/petar/GoLLRB/llrb/</code>, along with the compiled
|
||||
packages (in <code>pkg/</code>) for those libraries and their dependencies.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Because we used version control systems (Mercurial and Git) to check
|
||||
out the sources, the source tree also contains the other files in the
|
||||
corresponding repositories, such as related packages. The "<code>go list</code>"
|
||||
subcommand lists the import paths corresponding to its arguments, and
|
||||
the pattern "<code>./...</code>" means start in the current directory
|
||||
("<code>./</code>") and find all packages below that directory
|
||||
("<code>...</code>"):</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ cd $HOME/go/src
|
||||
$ go list ./...
|
||||
github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/cgrep
|
||||
github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/cindex
|
||||
github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/csearch
|
||||
github.com/google/codesearch/index
|
||||
github.com/google/codesearch/regexp
|
||||
github.com/google/codesearch/sparse
|
||||
github.com/petar/GoLLRB/example
|
||||
github.com/petar/GoLLRB/llrb
|
||||
$
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>We can also test those packages:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go test ./...
|
||||
? github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/cgrep [no test files]
|
||||
? github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/cindex [no test files]
|
||||
? github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/csearch [no test files]
|
||||
ok github.com/google/codesearch/index 0.203s
|
||||
ok github.com/google/codesearch/regexp 0.017s
|
||||
? github.com/google/codesearch/sparse [no test files]
|
||||
? github.com/petar/GoLLRB/example [no test files]
|
||||
ok github.com/petar/GoLLRB/llrb 0.231s
|
||||
$
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>If a go subcommand is invoked with no paths listed, it operates on the
|
||||
current directory:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ cd github.com/google/codesearch/regexp
|
||||
$ go list
|
||||
github.com/google/codesearch/regexp
|
||||
$ go test -v
|
||||
=== RUN TestNstateEnc
|
||||
--- PASS: TestNstateEnc (0.00s)
|
||||
=== RUN TestMatch
|
||||
--- PASS: TestMatch (0.00s)
|
||||
=== RUN TestGrep
|
||||
--- PASS: TestGrep (0.00s)
|
||||
PASS
|
||||
ok github.com/google/codesearch/regexp 0.018s
|
||||
$ go install
|
||||
$
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>That "<code>go install</code>" subcommand installs the latest copy of the
|
||||
package into the pkg directory. Because the go command can analyze the
|
||||
dependency graph, "<code>go install</code>" also installs any packages that
|
||||
this package imports but that are out of date, recursively.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Notice that "<code>go install</code>" was able to determine the name of the
|
||||
import path for the package in the current directory, because of the convention
|
||||
for directory naming. It would be a little more convenient if we could pick
|
||||
the name of the directory where we kept source code, and we probably wouldn't
|
||||
pick such a long name, but that ability would require additional configuration
|
||||
and complexity in the tool. Typing an extra directory name or two is a small
|
||||
price to pay for the increased simplicity and power.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Limitations</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>As mentioned above, the go command is not a general-purpose build
|
||||
tool.
|
||||
In particular, it does not have any facility for generating Go
|
||||
source files <em>during</em> a build, although it does provide
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Generate_Go_files_by_processing_source"><code>go</code>
|
||||
<code>generate</code></a>,
|
||||
which can automate the creation of Go files <em>before</em> the build.
|
||||
For more advanced build setups, you may need to write a
|
||||
makefile (or a configuration file for the build tool of your choice)
|
||||
to run whatever tool creates the Go files and then check those generated source files
|
||||
into your repository. This is more work for you, the package author,
|
||||
but it is significantly less work for your users, who can use
|
||||
"<code>go get</code>" without needing to obtain and build
|
||||
any additional tools.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>More information</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>For more information, read <a href="/doc/code.html">How to Write Go Code</a>
|
||||
and see the <a href="/cmd/go/">go command documentation</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "/doc/articles/"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
See the <a href="/doc/#articles">Documents page</a> and the
|
||||
<a href="/blog/index">Blog index</a> for a complete list of Go articles.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,440 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Data Race Detector",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Data races are among the most common and hardest to debug types of bugs in concurrent systems.
|
||||
A data race occurs when two goroutines access the same variable concurrently and at least one of the accesses is a write.
|
||||
See the <a href="/ref/mem/">The Go Memory Model</a> for details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Here is an example of a data race that can lead to crashes and memory corruption:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
c := make(chan bool)
|
||||
m := make(map[string]string)
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
m["1"] = "a" // First conflicting access.
|
||||
c <- true
|
||||
}()
|
||||
m["2"] = "b" // Second conflicting access.
|
||||
<-c
|
||||
for k, v := range m {
|
||||
fmt.Println(k, v)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To help diagnose such bugs, Go includes a built-in data race detector.
|
||||
To use it, add the <code>-race</code> flag to the go command:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go test -race mypkg // to test the package
|
||||
$ go run -race mysrc.go // to run the source file
|
||||
$ go build -race mycmd // to build the command
|
||||
$ go install -race mypkg // to install the package
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Report_Format">Report Format</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When the race detector finds a data race in the program, it prints a report.
|
||||
The report contains stack traces for conflicting accesses, as well as stacks where the involved goroutines were created.
|
||||
Here is an example:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
WARNING: DATA RACE
|
||||
Read by goroutine 185:
|
||||
net.(*pollServer).AddFD()
|
||||
src/net/fd_unix.go:89 +0x398
|
||||
net.(*pollServer).WaitWrite()
|
||||
src/net/fd_unix.go:247 +0x45
|
||||
net.(*netFD).Write()
|
||||
src/net/fd_unix.go:540 +0x4d4
|
||||
net.(*conn).Write()
|
||||
src/net/net.go:129 +0x101
|
||||
net.func·060()
|
||||
src/net/timeout_test.go:603 +0xaf
|
||||
|
||||
Previous write by goroutine 184:
|
||||
net.setWriteDeadline()
|
||||
src/net/sockopt_posix.go:135 +0xdf
|
||||
net.setDeadline()
|
||||
src/net/sockopt_posix.go:144 +0x9c
|
||||
net.(*conn).SetDeadline()
|
||||
src/net/net.go:161 +0xe3
|
||||
net.func·061()
|
||||
src/net/timeout_test.go:616 +0x3ed
|
||||
|
||||
Goroutine 185 (running) created at:
|
||||
net.func·061()
|
||||
src/net/timeout_test.go:609 +0x288
|
||||
|
||||
Goroutine 184 (running) created at:
|
||||
net.TestProlongTimeout()
|
||||
src/net/timeout_test.go:618 +0x298
|
||||
testing.tRunner()
|
||||
src/testing/testing.go:301 +0xe8
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Options">Options</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>GORACE</code> environment variable sets race detector options.
|
||||
The format is:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
GORACE="option1=val1 option2=val2"
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The options are:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<code>log_path</code> (default <code>stderr</code>): The race detector writes
|
||||
its report to a file named <code>log_path.<em>pid</em></code>.
|
||||
The special names <code>stdout</code>
|
||||
and <code>stderr</code> cause reports to be written to standard output and
|
||||
standard error, respectively.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<code>exitcode</code> (default <code>66</code>): The exit status to use when
|
||||
exiting after a detected race.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<code>strip_path_prefix</code> (default <code>""</code>): Strip this prefix
|
||||
from all reported file paths, to make reports more concise.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<code>history_size</code> (default <code>1</code>): The per-goroutine memory
|
||||
access history is <code>32K * 2**history_size elements</code>.
|
||||
Increasing this value can avoid a "failed to restore the stack" error in reports, at the
|
||||
cost of increased memory usage.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<code>halt_on_error</code> (default <code>0</code>): Controls whether the program
|
||||
exits after reporting first data race.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<code>atexit_sleep_ms</code> (default <code>1000</code>): Amount of milliseconds
|
||||
to sleep in the main goroutine before exiting.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ GORACE="log_path=/tmp/race/report strip_path_prefix=/my/go/sources/" go test -race
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Excluding_Tests">Excluding Tests</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When you build with <code>-race</code> flag, the <code>go</code> command defines additional
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/go/build/#hdr-Build_Constraints">build tag</a> <code>race</code>.
|
||||
You can use the tag to exclude some code and tests when running the race detector.
|
||||
Some examples:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
// +build !race
|
||||
|
||||
package foo
|
||||
|
||||
// The test contains a data race. See issue 123.
|
||||
func TestFoo(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
// ...
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// The test fails under the race detector due to timeouts.
|
||||
func TestBar(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
// ...
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// The test takes too long under the race detector.
|
||||
func TestBaz(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
// ...
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="How_To_Use">How To Use</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To start, run your tests using the race detector (<code>go test -race</code>).
|
||||
The race detector only finds races that happen at runtime, so it can't find
|
||||
races in code paths that are not executed.
|
||||
If your tests have incomplete coverage,
|
||||
you may find more races by running a binary built with <code>-race</code> under a realistic
|
||||
workload.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Typical_Data_Races">Typical Data Races</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Here are some typical data races. All of them can be detected with the race detector.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Race_on_loop_counter">Race on loop counter</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
var wg sync.WaitGroup
|
||||
wg.Add(5)
|
||||
for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
fmt.Println(i) // Not the 'i' you are looking for.
|
||||
wg.Done()
|
||||
}()
|
||||
}
|
||||
wg.Wait()
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The variable <code>i</code> in the function literal is the same variable used by the loop, so
|
||||
the read in the goroutine races with the loop increment.
|
||||
(This program typically prints 55555, not 01234.)
|
||||
The program can be fixed by making a copy of the variable:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
var wg sync.WaitGroup
|
||||
wg.Add(5)
|
||||
for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
|
||||
go func(j int) {
|
||||
fmt.Println(j) // Good. Read local copy of the loop counter.
|
||||
wg.Done()
|
||||
}(i)
|
||||
}
|
||||
wg.Wait()
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Accidentally_shared_variable">Accidentally shared variable</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
// ParallelWrite writes data to file1 and file2, returns the errors.
|
||||
func ParallelWrite(data []byte) chan error {
|
||||
res := make(chan error, 2)
|
||||
f1, err := os.Create("file1")
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
res <- err
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
// This err is shared with the main goroutine,
|
||||
// so the write races with the write below.
|
||||
_, err = f1.Write(data)
|
||||
res <- err
|
||||
f1.Close()
|
||||
}()
|
||||
}
|
||||
f2, err := os.Create("file2") // The second conflicting write to err.
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
res <- err
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
_, err = f2.Write(data)
|
||||
res <- err
|
||||
f2.Close()
|
||||
}()
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The fix is to introduce new variables in the goroutines (note the use of <code>:=</code>):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
...
|
||||
_, err := f1.Write(data)
|
||||
...
|
||||
_, err := f2.Write(data)
|
||||
...
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Unprotected_global_variable">Unprotected global variable</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If the following code is called from several goroutines, it leads to races on the <code>service</code> map.
|
||||
Concurrent reads and writes of the same map are not safe:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
var service map[string]net.Addr
|
||||
|
||||
func RegisterService(name string, addr net.Addr) {
|
||||
service[name] = addr
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func LookupService(name string) net.Addr {
|
||||
return service[name]
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To make the code safe, protect the accesses with a mutex:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
var (
|
||||
service map[string]net.Addr
|
||||
serviceMu sync.Mutex
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func RegisterService(name string, addr net.Addr) {
|
||||
serviceMu.Lock()
|
||||
defer serviceMu.Unlock()
|
||||
service[name] = addr
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func LookupService(name string) net.Addr {
|
||||
serviceMu.Lock()
|
||||
defer serviceMu.Unlock()
|
||||
return service[name]
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Primitive_unprotected_variable">Primitive unprotected variable</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Data races can happen on variables of primitive types as well (<code>bool</code>, <code>int</code>, <code>int64</code>, etc.),
|
||||
as in this example:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
type Watchdog struct{ last int64 }
|
||||
|
||||
func (w *Watchdog) KeepAlive() {
|
||||
w.last = time.Now().UnixNano() // First conflicting access.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (w *Watchdog) Start() {
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
for {
|
||||
time.Sleep(time.Second)
|
||||
// Second conflicting access.
|
||||
if w.last < time.Now().Add(-10*time.Second).UnixNano() {
|
||||
fmt.Println("No keepalives for 10 seconds. Dying.")
|
||||
os.Exit(1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}()
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Even such "innocent" data races can lead to hard-to-debug problems caused by
|
||||
non-atomicity of the memory accesses,
|
||||
interference with compiler optimizations,
|
||||
or reordering issues accessing processor memory .
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A typical fix for this race is to use a channel or a mutex.
|
||||
To preserve the lock-free behavior, one can also use the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/"><code>sync/atomic</code></a> package.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
type Watchdog struct{ last int64 }
|
||||
|
||||
func (w *Watchdog) KeepAlive() {
|
||||
atomic.StoreInt64(&w.last, time.Now().UnixNano())
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (w *Watchdog) Start() {
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
for {
|
||||
time.Sleep(time.Second)
|
||||
if atomic.LoadInt64(&w.last) < time.Now().Add(-10*time.Second).UnixNano() {
|
||||
fmt.Println("No keepalives for 10 seconds. Dying.")
|
||||
os.Exit(1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}()
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Unsynchronized_send_and_close_operations">Unsynchronized send and close operations</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As this example demonstrates, unsynchronized send and close operations
|
||||
on the same channel can also be a race condition:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
c := make(chan struct{}) // or buffered channel
|
||||
|
||||
// The race detector cannot derive the happens before relation
|
||||
// for the following send and close operations. These two operations
|
||||
// are unsynchronized and happen concurrently.
|
||||
go func() { c <- struct{}{} }()
|
||||
close(c)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
According to the Go memory model, a send on a channel happens before
|
||||
the corresponding receive from that channel completes. To synchronize
|
||||
send and close operations, use a receive operation that guarantees
|
||||
the send is done before the close:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
c := make(chan struct{}) // or buffered channel
|
||||
|
||||
go func() { c <- struct{}{} }()
|
||||
<-c
|
||||
close(c)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Supported_Systems">Supported Systems</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The race detector runs on
|
||||
<code>linux/amd64</code>, <code>linux/ppc64le</code>,
|
||||
<code>linux/arm64</code>, <code>freebsd/amd64</code>,
|
||||
<code>netbsd/amd64</code>, <code>darwin/amd64</code>,
|
||||
<code>darwin/arm64</code>, and <code>windows/amd64</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Runtime_Overheads">Runtime Overhead</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The cost of race detection varies by program, but for a typical program, memory
|
||||
usage may increase by 5-10x and execution time by 2-20x.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The race detector currently allocates an extra 8 bytes per <code>defer</code>
|
||||
and <code>recover</code> statement. Those extra allocations <a
|
||||
href="https://golang.org/issue/26813">are not recovered until the goroutine
|
||||
exits</a>. This means that if you have a long-running goroutine that is
|
||||
periodically issuing <code>defer</code> and <code>recover</code> calls,
|
||||
the program memory usage may grow without bound. These memory allocations
|
||||
will not show up in the output of <code>runtime.ReadMemStats</code> or
|
||||
<code>runtime/pprof</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<h1>Editing {{.Title}}</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<form action="/save/{{.Title}}" method="POST">
|
||||
<div><textarea name="body" rows="20" cols="80">{{printf "%s" .Body}}</textarea></div>
|
||||
<div><input type="submit" value="Save"></div>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"errors"
|
||||
"html/template"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
"regexp"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title, err := getTitle(w, r)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title, err := getTitle(w, r)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
p = &Page{Title: title}
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title, err := getTitle(w, r)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
body := r.FormValue("body")
|
||||
p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
|
||||
err = p.save()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
|
||||
t, err := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
err = t.Execute(w, p)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/(edit|save|view)/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$")
|
||||
|
||||
func getTitle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (string, error) {
|
||||
m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
|
||||
if m == nil {
|
||||
http.NotFound(w, r)
|
||||
return "", errors.New("invalid Page Title")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return m[2], nil // The title is the second subexpression.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/save/", saveHandler)
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"html/template"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
p = &Page{Title: title}
|
||||
}
|
||||
t, _ := template.ParseFiles("edit.html")
|
||||
t.Execute(w, p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
|
||||
p, _ := loadPage(title)
|
||||
t, _ := template.ParseFiles("view.html")
|
||||
t.Execute(w, p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"html/template"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
"regexp"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
p = &Page{Title: title}
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
|
||||
body := r.FormValue("body")
|
||||
p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
|
||||
err := p.save()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
|
||||
t, err := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
err = t.Execute(w, p)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/(edit|save|view)/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$")
|
||||
|
||||
func makeHandler(fn func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, string)) http.HandlerFunc {
|
||||
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
|
||||
if m == nil {
|
||||
http.NotFound(w, r)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
fn(w, r, m[2])
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/view/", makeHandler(viewHandler))
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", makeHandler(editHandler))
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/save/", makeHandler(saveHandler))
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"html/template"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
p = &Page{Title: title}
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
|
||||
p, _ := loadPage(title)
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/save/"):]
|
||||
body := r.FormValue("body")
|
||||
p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
|
||||
p.save()
|
||||
http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
|
||||
t, _ := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
|
||||
t.Execute(w, p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/save/", saveHandler)
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"html/template"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
"regexp"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
p = &Page{Title: title}
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
|
||||
body := r.FormValue("body")
|
||||
p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
|
||||
err := p.save()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var templates = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("edit.html", "view.html"))
|
||||
|
||||
func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
|
||||
err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(w, tmpl+".html", p)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/(edit|save|view)/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$")
|
||||
|
||||
func makeHandler(fn func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, string)) http.HandlerFunc {
|
||||
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
|
||||
if m == nil {
|
||||
http.NotFound(w, r)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
fn(w, r, m[2])
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/view/", makeHandler(viewHandler))
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", makeHandler(editHandler))
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/save/", makeHandler(saveHandler))
|
||||
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func serve() error {
|
||||
l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
log.Fatal(err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
fmt.Println(l.Addr().String())
|
||||
s := &http.Server{}
|
||||
return s.Serve(l)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module doc/articles/wiki
|
||||
|
||||
go 1.14
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hi there, I love %s!", r.URL.Path[1:])
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,741 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Writing Web Applications",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Introduction</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Covered in this tutorial:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Creating a data structure with load and save methods</li>
|
||||
<li>Using the <code>net/http</code> package to build web applications
|
||||
<li>Using the <code>html/template</code> package to process HTML templates</li>
|
||||
<li>Using the <code>regexp</code> package to validate user input</li>
|
||||
<li>Using closures</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Assumed knowledge:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Programming experience</li>
|
||||
<li>Understanding of basic web technologies (HTTP, HTML)</li>
|
||||
<li>Some UNIX/DOS command-line knowledge</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Getting Started</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
At present, you need to have a FreeBSD, Linux, OS X, or Windows machine to run Go.
|
||||
We will use <code>$</code> to represent the command prompt.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Install Go (see the <a href="/doc/install">Installation Instructions</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Make a new directory for this tutorial inside your <code>GOPATH</code> and cd to it:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ mkdir gowiki
|
||||
$ cd gowiki
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Create a file named <code>wiki.go</code>, open it in your favorite editor, and
|
||||
add the following lines:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We import the <code>fmt</code> and <code>ioutil</code> packages from the Go
|
||||
standard library. Later, as we implement additional functionality, we will
|
||||
add more packages to this <code>import</code> declaration.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Data Structures</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Let's start by defining the data structures. A wiki consists of a series of
|
||||
interconnected pages, each of which has a title and a body (the page content).
|
||||
Here, we define <code>Page</code> as a struct with two fields representing
|
||||
the title and body.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1.go" `/^type Page/` `/}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The type <code>[]byte</code> means "a <code>byte</code> slice".
|
||||
(See <a href="/doc/articles/slices_usage_and_internals.html">Slices: usage and
|
||||
internals</a> for more on slices.)
|
||||
The <code>Body</code> element is a <code>[]byte</code> rather than
|
||||
<code>string</code> because that is the type expected by the <code>io</code>
|
||||
libraries we will use, as you'll see below.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>Page</code> struct describes how page data will be stored in memory.
|
||||
But what about persistent storage? We can address that by creating a
|
||||
<code>save</code> method on <code>Page</code>:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1.go" `/^func.*Page.*save/` `/}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This method's signature reads: "This is a method named <code>save</code> that
|
||||
takes as its receiver <code>p</code>, a pointer to <code>Page</code> . It takes
|
||||
no parameters, and returns a value of type <code>error</code>."
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This method will save the <code>Page</code>'s <code>Body</code> to a text
|
||||
file. For simplicity, we will use the <code>Title</code> as the file name.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>save</code> method returns an <code>error</code> value because
|
||||
that is the return type of <code>WriteFile</code> (a standard library function
|
||||
that writes a byte slice to a file). The <code>save</code> method returns the
|
||||
error value, to let the application handle it should anything go wrong while
|
||||
writing the file. If all goes well, <code>Page.save()</code> will return
|
||||
<code>nil</code> (the zero-value for pointers, interfaces, and some other
|
||||
types).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The octal integer literal <code>0600</code>, passed as the third parameter to
|
||||
<code>WriteFile</code>, indicates that the file should be created with
|
||||
read-write permissions for the current user only. (See the Unix man page
|
||||
<code>open(2)</code> for details.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In addition to saving pages, we will want to load pages, too:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1-noerror.go" `/^func loadPage/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function <code>loadPage</code> constructs the file name from the title
|
||||
parameter, reads the file's contents into a new variable <code>body</code>, and
|
||||
returns a pointer to a <code>Page</code> literal constructed with the proper
|
||||
title and body values.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Functions can return multiple values. The standard library function
|
||||
<code>io.ReadFile</code> returns <code>[]byte</code> and <code>error</code>.
|
||||
In <code>loadPage</code>, error isn't being handled yet; the "blank identifier"
|
||||
represented by the underscore (<code>_</code>) symbol is used to throw away the
|
||||
error return value (in essence, assigning the value to nothing).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
But what happens if <code>ReadFile</code> encounters an error? For example,
|
||||
the file might not exist. We should not ignore such errors. Let's modify the
|
||||
function to return <code>*Page</code> and <code>error</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1.go" `/^func loadPage/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Callers of this function can now check the second parameter; if it is
|
||||
<code>nil</code> then it has successfully loaded a Page. If not, it will be an
|
||||
<code>error</code> that can be handled by the caller (see the
|
||||
<a href="/ref/spec#Errors">language specification</a> for details).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
At this point we have a simple data structure and the ability to save to and
|
||||
load from a file. Let's write a <code>main</code> function to test what we've
|
||||
written:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1.go" `/^func main/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
After compiling and executing this code, a file named <code>TestPage.txt</code>
|
||||
would be created, containing the contents of <code>p1</code>. The file would
|
||||
then be read into the struct <code>p2</code>, and its <code>Body</code> element
|
||||
printed to the screen.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
You can compile and run the program like this:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go build wiki.go
|
||||
$ ./wiki
|
||||
This is a sample Page.
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
(If you're using Windows you must type "<code>wiki</code>" without the
|
||||
"<code>./</code>" to run the program.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="part1.go">Click here to view the code we've written so far.</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Introducing the <code>net/http</code> package (an interlude)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Here's a full working example of a simple web server:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/http-sample.go"}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>main</code> function begins with a call to
|
||||
<code>http.HandleFunc</code>, which tells the <code>http</code> package to
|
||||
handle all requests to the web root (<code>"/"</code>) with
|
||||
<code>handler</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
It then calls <code>http.ListenAndServe</code>, specifying that it should
|
||||
listen on port 8080 on any interface (<code>":8080"</code>). (Don't
|
||||
worry about its second parameter, <code>nil</code>, for now.)
|
||||
This function will block until the program is terminated.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<code>ListenAndServe</code> always returns an error, since it only returns when an
|
||||
unexpected error occurs.
|
||||
In order to log that error we wrap the function call with <code>log.Fatal</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function <code>handler</code> is of the type <code>http.HandlerFunc</code>.
|
||||
It takes an <code>http.ResponseWriter</code> and an <code>http.Request</code> as
|
||||
its arguments.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
An <code>http.ResponseWriter</code> value assembles the HTTP server's response; by writing
|
||||
to it, we send data to the HTTP client.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
An <code>http.Request</code> is a data structure that represents the client
|
||||
HTTP request. <code>r.URL.Path</code> is the path component
|
||||
of the request URL. The trailing <code>[1:]</code> means
|
||||
"create a sub-slice of <code>Path</code> from the 1st character to the end."
|
||||
This drops the leading "/" from the path name.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If you run this program and access the URL:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>http://localhost:8080/monkeys</pre>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
the program would present a page containing:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>Hi there, I love monkeys!</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Using <code>net/http</code> to serve wiki pages</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To use the <code>net/http</code> package, it must be imported:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
<b>"net/http"</b>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Let's create a handler, <code>viewHandler</code> that will allow users to
|
||||
view a wiki page. It will handle URLs prefixed with "/view/".
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part2.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Again, note the use of <code>_</code> to ignore the <code>error</code>
|
||||
return value from <code>loadPage</code>. This is done here for simplicity
|
||||
and generally considered bad practice. We will attend to this later.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First, this function extracts the page title from <code>r.URL.Path</code>,
|
||||
the path component of the request URL.
|
||||
The <code>Path</code> is re-sliced with <code>[len("/view/"):]</code> to drop
|
||||
the leading <code>"/view/"</code> component of the request path.
|
||||
This is because the path will invariably begin with <code>"/view/"</code>,
|
||||
which is not part of the page's title.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function then loads the page data, formats the page with a string of simple
|
||||
HTML, and writes it to <code>w</code>, the <code>http.ResponseWriter</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To use this handler, we rewrite our <code>main</code> function to
|
||||
initialize <code>http</code> using the <code>viewHandler</code> to handle
|
||||
any requests under the path <code>/view/</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part2.go" `/^func main/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="part2.go">Click here to view the code we've written so far.</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Let's create some page data (as <code>test.txt</code>), compile our code, and
|
||||
try serving a wiki page.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Open <code>test.txt</code> file in your editor, and save the string "Hello world" (without quotes)
|
||||
in it.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go build wiki.go
|
||||
$ ./wiki
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
(If you're using Windows you must type "<code>wiki</code>" without the
|
||||
"<code>./</code>" to run the program.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
With this web server running, a visit to <code><a
|
||||
href="http://localhost:8080/view/test">http://localhost:8080/view/test</a></code>
|
||||
should show a page titled "test" containing the words "Hello world".
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Editing Pages</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A wiki is not a wiki without the ability to edit pages. Let's create two new
|
||||
handlers: one named <code>editHandler</code> to display an 'edit page' form,
|
||||
and the other named <code>saveHandler</code> to save the data entered via the
|
||||
form.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First, we add them to <code>main()</code>:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^func main/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function <code>editHandler</code> loads the page
|
||||
(or, if it doesn't exist, create an empty <code>Page</code> struct),
|
||||
and displays an HTML form.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/notemplate.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This function will work fine, but all that hard-coded HTML is ugly.
|
||||
Of course, there is a better way.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>The <code>html/template</code> package</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>html/template</code> package is part of the Go standard library.
|
||||
We can use <code>html/template</code> to keep the HTML in a separate file,
|
||||
allowing us to change the layout of our edit page without modifying the
|
||||
underlying Go code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First, we must add <code>html/template</code> to the list of imports. We
|
||||
also won't be using <code>fmt</code> anymore, so we have to remove that.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
import (
|
||||
<b>"html/template"</b>
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Let's create a template file containing the HTML form.
|
||||
Open a new file named <code>edit.html</code>, and add the following lines:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/edit.html"}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Modify <code>editHandler</code> to use the template, instead of the hard-coded
|
||||
HTML:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noerror.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function <code>template.ParseFiles</code> will read the contents of
|
||||
<code>edit.html</code> and return a <code>*template.Template</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The method <code>t.Execute</code> executes the template, writing the
|
||||
generated HTML to the <code>http.ResponseWriter</code>.
|
||||
The <code>.Title</code> and <code>.Body</code> dotted identifiers refer to
|
||||
<code>p.Title</code> and <code>p.Body</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Template directives are enclosed in double curly braces.
|
||||
The <code>printf "%s" .Body</code> instruction is a function call
|
||||
that outputs <code>.Body</code> as a string instead of a stream of bytes,
|
||||
the same as a call to <code>fmt.Printf</code>.
|
||||
The <code>html/template</code> package helps guarantee that only safe and
|
||||
correct-looking HTML is generated by template actions. For instance, it
|
||||
automatically escapes any greater than sign (<code>></code>), replacing it
|
||||
with <code>&gt;</code>, to make sure user data does not corrupt the form
|
||||
HTML.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Since we're working with templates now, let's create a template for our
|
||||
<code>viewHandler</code> called <code>view.html</code>:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/view.html"}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Modify <code>viewHandler</code> accordingly:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noerror.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Notice that we've used almost exactly the same templating code in both
|
||||
handlers. Let's remove this duplication by moving the templating code
|
||||
to its own function:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-template.go" `/^func renderTemplate/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
And modify the handlers to use that function:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-template.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-template.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If we comment out the registration of our unimplemented save handler in
|
||||
<code>main</code>, we can once again build and test our program.
|
||||
<a href="part3.go">Click here to view the code we've written so far.</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Handling non-existent pages</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
What if you visit <a href="http://localhost:8080/view/APageThatDoesntExist">
|
||||
<code>/view/APageThatDoesntExist</code></a>? You'll see a page containing
|
||||
HTML. This is because it ignores the error return value from
|
||||
<code>loadPage</code> and continues to try and fill out the template
|
||||
with no data. Instead, if the requested Page doesn't exist, it should
|
||||
redirect the client to the edit Page so the content may be created:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part3-errorhandling.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>http.Redirect</code> function adds an HTTP status code of
|
||||
<code>http.StatusFound</code> (302) and a <code>Location</code>
|
||||
header to the HTTP response.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Saving Pages</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function <code>saveHandler</code> will handle the submission of forms
|
||||
located on the edit pages. After uncommenting the related line in
|
||||
<code>main</code>, let's implement the handler:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-template.go" `/^func saveHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The page title (provided in the URL) and the form's only field,
|
||||
<code>Body</code>, are stored in a new <code>Page</code>.
|
||||
The <code>save()</code> method is then called to write the data to a file,
|
||||
and the client is redirected to the <code>/view/</code> page.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The value returned by <code>FormValue</code> is of type <code>string</code>.
|
||||
We must convert that value to <code>[]byte</code> before it will fit into
|
||||
the <code>Page</code> struct. We use <code>[]byte(body)</code> to perform
|
||||
the conversion.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Error handling</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There are several places in our program where errors are being ignored. This
|
||||
is bad practice, not least because when an error does occur the program will
|
||||
have unintended behavior. A better solution is to handle the errors and return
|
||||
an error message to the user. That way if something does go wrong, the server
|
||||
will function exactly how we want and the user can be notified.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First, let's handle the errors in <code>renderTemplate</code>:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-parsetemplate.go" `/^func renderTemplate/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>http.Error</code> function sends a specified HTTP response code
|
||||
(in this case "Internal Server Error") and error message.
|
||||
Already the decision to put this in a separate function is paying off.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Now let's fix up <code>saveHandler</code>:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part3-errorhandling.go" `/^func saveHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Any errors that occur during <code>p.save()</code> will be reported
|
||||
to the user.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Template caching</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There is an inefficiency in this code: <code>renderTemplate</code> calls
|
||||
<code>ParseFiles</code> every time a page is rendered.
|
||||
A better approach would be to call <code>ParseFiles</code> once at program
|
||||
initialization, parsing all templates into a single <code>*Template</code>.
|
||||
Then we can use the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/html/template/#Template.ExecuteTemplate"><code>ExecuteTemplate</code></a>
|
||||
method to render a specific template.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First we create a global variable named <code>templates</code>, and initialize
|
||||
it with <code>ParseFiles</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/var templates/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function <code>template.Must</code> is a convenience wrapper that panics
|
||||
when passed a non-nil <code>error</code> value, and otherwise returns the
|
||||
<code>*Template</code> unaltered. A panic is appropriate here; if the templates
|
||||
can't be loaded the only sensible thing to do is exit the program.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>ParseFiles</code> function takes any number of string arguments that
|
||||
identify our template files, and parses those files into templates that are
|
||||
named after the base file name. If we were to add more templates to our
|
||||
program, we would add their names to the <code>ParseFiles</code> call's
|
||||
arguments.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We then modify the <code>renderTemplate</code> function to call the
|
||||
<code>templates.ExecuteTemplate</code> method with the name of the appropriate
|
||||
template:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/func renderTemplate/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Note that the template name is the template file name, so we must
|
||||
append <code>".html"</code> to the <code>tmpl</code> argument.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Validation</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As you may have observed, this program has a serious security flaw: a user
|
||||
can supply an arbitrary path to be read/written on the server. To mitigate
|
||||
this, we can write a function to validate the title with a regular expression.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First, add <code>"regexp"</code> to the <code>import</code> list.
|
||||
Then we can create a global variable to store our validation
|
||||
expression:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^var validPath/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function <code>regexp.MustCompile</code> will parse and compile the
|
||||
regular expression, and return a <code>regexp.Regexp</code>.
|
||||
<code>MustCompile</code> is distinct from <code>Compile</code> in that it will
|
||||
panic if the expression compilation fails, while <code>Compile</code> returns
|
||||
an <code>error</code> as a second parameter.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Now, let's write a function that uses the <code>validPath</code>
|
||||
expression to validate path and extract the page title:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/func getTitle/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If the title is valid, it will be returned along with a <code>nil</code>
|
||||
error value. If the title is invalid, the function will write a
|
||||
"404 Not Found" error to the HTTP connection, and return an error to the
|
||||
handler. To create a new error, we have to import the <code>errors</code>
|
||||
package.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Let's put a call to <code>getTitle</code> in each of the handlers:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^func saveHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Introducing Function Literals and Closures</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Catching the error condition in each handler introduces a lot of repeated code.
|
||||
What if we could wrap each of the handlers in a function that does this
|
||||
validation and error checking? Go's
|
||||
<a href="/ref/spec#Function_literals">function
|
||||
literals</a> provide a powerful means of abstracting functionality
|
||||
that can help us here.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First, we re-write the function definition of each of the handlers to accept
|
||||
a title string:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string)
|
||||
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string)
|
||||
func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Now let's define a wrapper function that <i>takes a function of the above
|
||||
type</i>, and returns a function of type <code>http.HandlerFunc</code>
|
||||
(suitable to be passed to the function <code>http.HandleFunc</code>):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func makeHandler(fn func (http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, string)) http.HandlerFunc {
|
||||
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
// Here we will extract the page title from the Request,
|
||||
// and call the provided handler 'fn'
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The returned function is called a closure because it encloses values defined
|
||||
outside of it. In this case, the variable <code>fn</code> (the single argument
|
||||
to <code>makeHandler</code>) is enclosed by the closure. The variable
|
||||
<code>fn</code> will be one of our save, edit, or view handlers.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Now we can take the code from <code>getTitle</code> and use it here
|
||||
(with some minor modifications):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/func makeHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The closure returned by <code>makeHandler</code> is a function that takes
|
||||
an <code>http.ResponseWriter</code> and <code>http.Request</code> (in other
|
||||
words, an <code>http.HandlerFunc</code>).
|
||||
The closure extracts the <code>title</code> from the request path, and
|
||||
validates it with the <code>validPath</code> regexp. If the
|
||||
<code>title</code> is invalid, an error will be written to the
|
||||
<code>ResponseWriter</code> using the <code>http.NotFound</code> function.
|
||||
If the <code>title</code> is valid, the enclosed handler function
|
||||
<code>fn</code> will be called with the <code>ResponseWriter</code>,
|
||||
<code>Request</code>, and <code>title</code> as arguments.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Now we can wrap the handler functions with <code>makeHandler</code> in
|
||||
<code>main</code>, before they are registered with the <code>http</code>
|
||||
package:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/func main/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Finally we remove the calls to <code>getTitle</code> from the handler functions,
|
||||
making them much simpler:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/^func saveHandler/` `/^}/`}}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Try it out!</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="final.go">Click here to view the final code listing.</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Recompile the code, and run the app:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go build wiki.go
|
||||
$ ./wiki
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Visiting <a href="http://localhost:8080/view/ANewPage">http://localhost:8080/view/ANewPage</a>
|
||||
should present you with the page edit form. You should then be able to
|
||||
enter some text, click 'Save', and be redirected to the newly created page.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Other tasks</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Here are some simple tasks you might want to tackle on your own:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Store templates in <code>tmpl/</code> and page data in <code>data/</code>.
|
||||
<li>Add a handler to make the web root redirect to
|
||||
<code>/view/FrontPage</code>.</li>
|
||||
<li>Spruce up the page templates by making them valid HTML and adding some
|
||||
CSS rules.</li>
|
||||
<li>Implement inter-page linking by converting instances of
|
||||
<code>[PageName]</code> to <br>
|
||||
<code><a href="/view/PageName">PageName</a></code>.
|
||||
(hint: you could use <code>regexp.ReplaceAllFunc</code> to do this)
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
|
||||
p, _ := loadPage(title)
|
||||
fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h1>%s</h1><div>%s</div>", p.Title, p.Body)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
p = &Page{Title: title}
|
||||
}
|
||||
fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h1>Editing %s</h1>"+
|
||||
"<form action=\"/save/%s\" method=\"POST\">"+
|
||||
"<textarea name=\"body\">%s</textarea><br>"+
|
||||
"<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Save\">"+
|
||||
"</form>",
|
||||
p.Title, p.Title, p.Body)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) *Page {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
p1 := &Page{Title: "TestPage", Body: []byte("This is a sample page.")}
|
||||
p1.save()
|
||||
p2 := loadPage("TestPage")
|
||||
fmt.Println(string(p2.Body))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
p1 := &Page{Title: "TestPage", Body: []byte("This is a sample Page.")}
|
||||
p1.save()
|
||||
p2, _ := loadPage("TestPage")
|
||||
fmt.Println(string(p2.Body))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
|
||||
p, _ := loadPage(title)
|
||||
fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h1>%s</h1><div>%s</div>", p.Title, p.Body)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"html/template"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
|
||||
t, _ := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
|
||||
t.Execute(w, p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
p = &Page{Title: title}
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/save/"):]
|
||||
body := r.FormValue("body")
|
||||
p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
|
||||
err := p.save()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/save/", saveHandler)
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
// +build ignore
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"html/template"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Page struct {
|
||||
Title string
|
||||
Body []byte
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Page) save() error {
|
||||
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
|
||||
filename := title + ".txt"
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return nil, err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
|
||||
t, _ := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
|
||||
t.Execute(w, p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
|
||||
p, _ := loadPage(title)
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
|
||||
title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
|
||||
p, err := loadPage(title)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
p = &Page{Title: title}
|
||||
}
|
||||
renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
|
||||
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
|
||||
//http.HandleFunc("/save/", saveHandler)
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
|||
some content
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<h1>Editing Test</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<form action="/save/Test" method="POST">
|
||||
<div><textarea name="body" rows="20" cols="80"></textarea></div>
|
||||
<div><input type="submit" value="Save"></div>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<h1>Test</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>[<a href="/edit/Test">edit</a>]</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div>some content</div>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<h1>{{.Title}}</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>[<a href="/edit/{{.Title}}">edit</a>]</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div>{{printf "%s" .Body}}</div>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
package main_test
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"bytes"
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io/ioutil"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
"os"
|
||||
"os/exec"
|
||||
"path/filepath"
|
||||
"strings"
|
||||
"testing"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func TestSnippetsCompile(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
if testing.Short() {
|
||||
t.Skip("skipping slow builds in short mode")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
goFiles, err := filepath.Glob("*.go")
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatal(err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for _, f := range goFiles {
|
||||
if strings.HasSuffix(f, "_test.go") {
|
||||
continue
|
||||
}
|
||||
f := f
|
||||
t.Run(f, func(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
t.Parallel()
|
||||
|
||||
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", os.DevNull, f)
|
||||
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Errorf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, out)
|
||||
}
|
||||
})
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestWikiServer(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
must := func(err error) {
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Helper()
|
||||
t.Fatal(err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", t.Name())
|
||||
must(err)
|
||||
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
|
||||
|
||||
// We're testing a walkthrough example of how to write a server.
|
||||
//
|
||||
// That server hard-codes a port number to make the walkthrough simpler, but
|
||||
// we can't assume that the hard-coded port is available on an arbitrary
|
||||
// builder. So we'll patch out the hard-coded port, and replace it with a
|
||||
// function that writes the server's address to stdout
|
||||
// so that we can read it and know where to send the test requests.
|
||||
|
||||
finalGo, err := ioutil.ReadFile("final.go")
|
||||
must(err)
|
||||
const patchOld = `log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))`
|
||||
patched := bytes.ReplaceAll(finalGo, []byte(patchOld), []byte(`log.Fatal(serve())`))
|
||||
if bytes.Equal(patched, finalGo) {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("Can't patch final.go: %q not found.", patchOld)
|
||||
}
|
||||
must(ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "final_patched.go"), patched, 0644))
|
||||
|
||||
// Build the server binary from the patched sources.
|
||||
// The 'go' command requires that they all be in the same directory.
|
||||
// final_test.go provides the implemtation for our serve function.
|
||||
must(copyFile(filepath.Join(dir, "final_srv.go"), "final_test.go"))
|
||||
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build",
|
||||
"-o", filepath.Join(dir, "final.exe"),
|
||||
filepath.Join(dir, "final_patched.go"),
|
||||
filepath.Join(dir, "final_srv.go"))
|
||||
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, out)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Run the server in our temporary directory so that it can
|
||||
// write its content there. It also needs a couple of template files,
|
||||
// and looks for them in the same directory.
|
||||
must(copyFile(filepath.Join(dir, "edit.html"), "edit.html"))
|
||||
must(copyFile(filepath.Join(dir, "view.html"), "view.html"))
|
||||
cmd = exec.Command(filepath.Join(dir, "final.exe"))
|
||||
cmd.Dir = dir
|
||||
stderr := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
|
||||
cmd.Stderr = stderr
|
||||
stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
|
||||
must(err)
|
||||
must(cmd.Start())
|
||||
|
||||
defer func() {
|
||||
cmd.Process.Kill()
|
||||
err := cmd.Wait()
|
||||
if stderr.Len() > 0 {
|
||||
t.Logf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, stderr)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}()
|
||||
|
||||
var addr string
|
||||
if _, err := fmt.Fscanln(stdout, &addr); err != nil || addr == "" {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("Failed to read server address: %v", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// The server is up and has told us its address.
|
||||
// Make sure that its HTTP API works as described in the article.
|
||||
|
||||
r, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/edit/Test", addr))
|
||||
must(err)
|
||||
responseMustMatchFile(t, r, "test_edit.good")
|
||||
|
||||
r, err = http.Post(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/save/Test", addr),
|
||||
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
|
||||
strings.NewReader("body=some%20content"))
|
||||
must(err)
|
||||
responseMustMatchFile(t, r, "test_view.good")
|
||||
|
||||
gotTxt, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "Test.txt"))
|
||||
must(err)
|
||||
wantTxt, err := ioutil.ReadFile("test_Test.txt.good")
|
||||
must(err)
|
||||
if !bytes.Equal(wantTxt, gotTxt) {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("Test.txt differs from expected after posting to /save.\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", gotTxt, wantTxt)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
r, err = http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/view/Test", addr))
|
||||
must(err)
|
||||
responseMustMatchFile(t, r, "test_view.good")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func responseMustMatchFile(t *testing.T, r *http.Response, filename string) {
|
||||
t.Helper()
|
||||
|
||||
defer r.Body.Close()
|
||||
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatal(err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
wantBody, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatal(err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if !bytes.Equal(body, wantBody) {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("%v: body does not match %s.\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", r.Request.URL, filename, body, wantBody)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func copyFile(dst, src string) error {
|
||||
buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(src)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
return err
|
||||
}
|
||||
return ioutil.WriteFile(dst, buf, 0644)
|
||||
}
|
||||
72
doc/asm.html
72
doc/asm.html
|
|
@ -464,6 +464,57 @@ Function is the top of the call stack. Traceback should stop at this function.
|
|||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="data-offsets">Interacting with Go types and constants</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If a package has any .s files, then <code>go build</code> will direct
|
||||
the compiler to emit a special header called <code>go_asm.h</code>,
|
||||
which the .s files can then <code>#include</code>.
|
||||
The file contains symbolic <code>#define</code> constants for the
|
||||
offsets of Go struct fields, the sizes of Go struct types, and most
|
||||
Go <code>const</code> declarations defined in the current package.
|
||||
Go assembly should avoid making assumptions about the layout of Go
|
||||
types and instead use these constants.
|
||||
This improves the readability of assembly code, and keeps it robust to
|
||||
changes in data layout either in the Go type definitions or in the
|
||||
layout rules used by the Go compiler.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Constants are of the form <code>const_<i>name</i></code>.
|
||||
For example, given the Go declaration <code>const bufSize =
|
||||
1024</code>, assembly code can refer to the value of this constant
|
||||
as <code>const_bufSize</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Field offsets are of the form <code><i>type</i>_<i>field</i></code>.
|
||||
Struct sizes are of the form <code><i>type</i>__size</code>.
|
||||
For example, consider the following Go definition:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
type reader struct {
|
||||
buf [bufSize]byte
|
||||
r int
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Assembly can refer to the size of this struct
|
||||
as <code>reader__size</code> and the offsets of the two fields
|
||||
as <code>reader_buf</code> and <code>reader_r</code>.
|
||||
Hence, if register <code>R1</code> contains a pointer to
|
||||
a <code>reader</code>, assembly can reference the <code>r</code> field
|
||||
as <code>reader_r(R1)</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If any of these <code>#define</code> names are ambiguous (for example,
|
||||
a struct with a <code>_size</code> field), <code>#include
|
||||
"go_asm.h"</code> will fail with a "redefinition of macro" error.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="runtime">Runtime Coordination</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -615,21 +666,15 @@ Here follow some descriptions of key Go-specific details for the supported archi
|
|||
<p>
|
||||
The runtime pointer to the <code>g</code> structure is maintained
|
||||
through the value of an otherwise unused (as far as Go is concerned) register in the MMU.
|
||||
An OS-dependent macro <code>get_tls</code> is defined for the assembler if the source is
|
||||
in the <code>runtime</code> package and includes a special header, <code>go_tls.h</code>:
|
||||
In the runtime package, assembly code can include <code>go_tls.h</code>, which defines
|
||||
an OS- and architecture-dependent macro <code>get_tls</code> for accessing this register.
|
||||
The <code>get_tls</code> macro takes one argument, which is the register to load the
|
||||
<code>g</code> pointer into.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
#include "go_tls.h"
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Within the runtime, the <code>get_tls</code> macro loads its argument register
|
||||
with a pointer to the <code>g</code> pointer, and the <code>g</code> struct
|
||||
contains the <code>m</code> pointer.
|
||||
There's another special header containing the offsets for each
|
||||
element of <code>g</code>, called <code>go_asm.h</code>.
|
||||
The sequence to load <code>g</code> and <code>m</code> using <code>CX</code> looks like this:
|
||||
For example, the sequence to load <code>g</code> and <code>m</code>
|
||||
using <code>CX</code> looks like this:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
|
|
@ -642,8 +687,7 @@ MOVL g_m(AX), BX // Move g.m into BX.
|
|||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Note: The code above works only in the <code>runtime</code> package, while <code>go_tls.h</code> also
|
||||
applies to <a href="#arm">arm</a>, <a href="#amd64">amd64</a> and amd64p32, and <code>go_asm.h</code> applies to all architectures.
|
||||
The <code>get_tls</code> macro is also defined on <a href="#amd64">amd64</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
100
doc/cmd.html
100
doc/cmd.html
|
|
@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Command Documentation",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/cmd"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There is a suite of programs to build and process Go source code.
|
||||
Instead of being run directly, programs in the suite are usually invoked
|
||||
by the <a href="/cmd/go/">go</a> program.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The most common way to run these programs is as a subcommand of the go program,
|
||||
for instance as <code>go fmt</code>. Run like this, the command operates on
|
||||
complete packages of Go source code, with the go program invoking the
|
||||
underlying binary with arguments appropriate to package-level processing.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The programs can also be run as stand-alone binaries, with unmodified arguments,
|
||||
using the go <code>tool</code> subcommand, such as <code>go tool cgo</code>.
|
||||
For most commands this is mainly useful for debugging.
|
||||
Some of the commands, such as <code>pprof</code>, are accessible only through
|
||||
the go <code>tool</code> subcommand.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Finally the <code>fmt</code> and <code>godoc</code> commands are installed
|
||||
as regular binaries called <code>gofmt</code> and <code>godoc</code> because
|
||||
they are so often referenced.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Click on the links for more documentation, invocation methods, and usage details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="dir">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th>Name</th>
|
||||
<th> </th>
|
||||
<th>Synopsis</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><a href="/cmd/go/">go</a></td>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
The <code>go</code> program manages Go source code and runs the other
|
||||
commands listed here.
|
||||
See the command docs for usage
|
||||
details.
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><a href="/cmd/cgo/">cgo</a></td>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td>Cgo enables the creation of Go packages that call C code.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><a href="/cmd/cover/">cover</a></td>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td>Cover is a program for creating and analyzing the coverage profiles
|
||||
generated by <code>"go test -coverprofile"</code>.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><a href="/cmd/fix/">fix</a></td>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td>Fix finds Go programs that use old features of the language and libraries
|
||||
and rewrites them to use newer ones.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><a href="/cmd/gofmt/">fmt</a></td>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td>Fmt formats Go packages, it is also available as an independent <a href="/cmd/gofmt/">
|
||||
gofmt</a> command with more general options.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><a href="//godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc/">godoc</a></td>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td>Godoc extracts and generates documentation for Go packages.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><a href="/cmd/vet/">vet</a></td>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td>Vet examines Go source code and reports suspicious constructs, such as Printf
|
||||
calls whose arguments do not align with the format string.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This is an abridged list. See the <a href="/cmd/">full command reference</a>
|
||||
for documentation of the compilers and more.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/*
|
||||
Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#codewalk-main {
|
||||
text-align: left;
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
overflow: auto;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#code-display {
|
||||
border: 0;
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.setting {
|
||||
font-size: 8pt;
|
||||
color: #888888;
|
||||
padding: 5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.hotkey {
|
||||
text-decoration: underline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Style for Comments (the left-hand column) */
|
||||
|
||||
#comment-column {
|
||||
margin: 0pt;
|
||||
width: 30%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#comment-column.right {
|
||||
float: right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#comment-column.left {
|
||||
float: left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#comment-area {
|
||||
overflow-x: hidden;
|
||||
overflow-y: auto;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.comment {
|
||||
cursor: pointer;
|
||||
font-size: 16px;
|
||||
border: 2px solid #ba9836;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 10px;
|
||||
margin-right: 10px; /* yes, for both .left and .right */
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.comment:last-child {
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.right .comment {
|
||||
margin-left: 10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.right .comment.first {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.right .comment.last {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.left .comment.first {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.left .comment.last {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.comment.selected {
|
||||
border-color: #99b2cb;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.right .comment.selected {
|
||||
border-left-width: 12px;
|
||||
margin-left: 0px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.left .comment.selected {
|
||||
border-right-width: 12px;
|
||||
margin-right: 0px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.comment-link {
|
||||
display: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.comment-title {
|
||||
font-size: small;
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
background-color: #fffff0;
|
||||
padding-right: 10px;
|
||||
padding-left: 10px;
|
||||
padding-top: 5px;
|
||||
padding-bottom: 5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.right .comment-title {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.left .comment-title {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.comment.selected .comment-title {
|
||||
background-color: #f8f8ff;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.comment-text {
|
||||
overflow: auto;
|
||||
padding-left: 10px;
|
||||
padding-right: 10px;
|
||||
padding-top: 10px;
|
||||
padding-bottom: 5px;
|
||||
font-size: small;
|
||||
line-height: 1.3em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.comment-text p {
|
||||
margin-top: 0em;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.comment-text p:last-child {
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.file-name {
|
||||
font-size: x-small;
|
||||
padding-top: 0px;
|
||||
padding-bottom: 5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.hidden-filepaths .file-name {
|
||||
display: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.path-dir {
|
||||
color: #555;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.path-file {
|
||||
color: #555;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Style for Code (the right-hand column) */
|
||||
|
||||
/* Wrapper for the code column to make widths get calculated correctly */
|
||||
#code-column {
|
||||
display: block;
|
||||
position: relative;
|
||||
margin: 0pt;
|
||||
width: 70%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#code-column.left {
|
||||
float: left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#code-column.right {
|
||||
float: right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#code-area {
|
||||
background-color: #f8f8ff;
|
||||
border: 2px solid #99b2cb;
|
||||
padding: 5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.left #code-area {
|
||||
margin-right: -1px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.right #code-area {
|
||||
margin-left: -1px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#code-header {
|
||||
margin-bottom: 5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#code {
|
||||
background-color: white;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
code {
|
||||
font-size: 100%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.codewalkhighlight {
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
background-color: #f8f8ff;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#code-display {
|
||||
margin-top: 0px;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#sizer {
|
||||
position: absolute;
|
||||
cursor: col-resize;
|
||||
left: 0px;
|
||||
top: 0px;
|
||||
width: 8px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Style for options (bottom strip) */
|
||||
|
||||
#code-options {
|
||||
display: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#code-options > span {
|
||||
padding-right: 20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#code-options .selected {
|
||||
border-bottom: 1px dotted;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#comment-options {
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div#content {
|
||||
padding-bottom: 0em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,305 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* A class to hold information about the Codewalk Viewer.
|
||||
* @param {jQuery} context The top element in whose context the viewer should
|
||||
* operate. It will not touch any elements above this one.
|
||||
* @constructor
|
||||
*/
|
||||
var CodewalkViewer = function(context) {
|
||||
this.context = context;
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The div that contains all of the comments and their controls.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
this.commentColumn = this.context.find('#comment-column');
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The div that contains the comments proper.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
this.commentArea = this.context.find('#comment-area');
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The div that wraps the iframe with the code, as well as the drop down menu
|
||||
* listing the different files.
|
||||
* @type {jQuery}
|
||||
*/
|
||||
this.codeColumn = this.context.find('#code-column');
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The div that contains the code but excludes the options strip.
|
||||
* @type {jQuery}
|
||||
*/
|
||||
this.codeArea = this.context.find('#code-area');
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The iframe that holds the code (from Sourcerer).
|
||||
* @type {jQuery}
|
||||
*/
|
||||
this.codeDisplay = this.context.find('#code-display');
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The overlaid div used as a grab handle for sizing the code/comment panes.
|
||||
* @type {jQuery}
|
||||
*/
|
||||
this.sizer = this.context.find('#sizer');
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The full-screen overlay that ensures we don't lose track of the mouse
|
||||
* while dragging.
|
||||
* @type {jQuery}
|
||||
*/
|
||||
this.overlay = this.context.find('#overlay');
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The hidden input field that we use to hold the focus so that we can detect
|
||||
* shortcut keypresses.
|
||||
* @type {jQuery}
|
||||
*/
|
||||
this.shortcutInput = this.context.find('#shortcut-input');
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The last comment that was selected.
|
||||
* @type {jQuery}
|
||||
*/
|
||||
this.lastSelected = null;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Minimum width of the comments or code pane, in pixels.
|
||||
* @type {number}
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.MIN_PANE_WIDTH = 200;
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Navigate the code iframe to the given url and update the code popout link.
|
||||
* @param {string} url The target URL.
|
||||
* @param {Object} opt_window Window dependency injection for testing only.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.navigateToCode = function(url, opt_window) {
|
||||
if (!opt_window) opt_window = window;
|
||||
// Each iframe is represented by two distinct objects in the DOM: an iframe
|
||||
// object and a window object. These do not expose the same capabilities.
|
||||
// Here we need to get the window representation to get the location member,
|
||||
// so we access it directly through window[] since jQuery returns the iframe
|
||||
// representation.
|
||||
// We replace location rather than set so as not to create a history for code
|
||||
// navigation.
|
||||
opt_window['code-display'].location.replace(url);
|
||||
var k = url.indexOf('&');
|
||||
if (k != -1) url = url.slice(0, k);
|
||||
k = url.indexOf('fileprint=');
|
||||
if (k != -1) url = url.slice(k+10, url.length);
|
||||
this.context.find('#code-popout-link').attr('href', url);
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Selects the first comment from the list and forces a refresh of the code
|
||||
* view.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.selectFirstComment = function() {
|
||||
// TODO(rsc): handle case where there are no comments
|
||||
var firstSourcererLink = this.context.find('.comment:first');
|
||||
this.changeSelectedComment(firstSourcererLink);
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Sets the target on all links nested inside comments to be _blank.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.targetCommentLinksAtBlank = function() {
|
||||
this.context.find('.comment a[href], #description a[href]').each(function() {
|
||||
if (!this.target) this.target = '_blank';
|
||||
});
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Installs event handlers for all the events we care about.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.installEventHandlers = function() {
|
||||
var self = this;
|
||||
|
||||
this.context.find('.comment')
|
||||
.click(function(event) {
|
||||
if (jQuery(event.target).is('a[href]')) return true;
|
||||
self.changeSelectedComment(jQuery(this));
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
this.context.find('#code-selector')
|
||||
.change(function() {self.navigateToCode(jQuery(this).val());});
|
||||
|
||||
this.context.find('#description-table .quote-feet.setting')
|
||||
.click(function() {self.toggleDescription(jQuery(this)); return false;});
|
||||
|
||||
this.sizer
|
||||
.mousedown(function(ev) {self.startSizerDrag(ev); return false;});
|
||||
this.overlay
|
||||
.mouseup(function(ev) {self.endSizerDrag(ev); return false;})
|
||||
.mousemove(function(ev) {self.handleSizerDrag(ev); return false;});
|
||||
|
||||
this.context.find('#prev-comment')
|
||||
.click(function() {
|
||||
self.changeSelectedComment(self.lastSelected.prev()); return false;
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
this.context.find('#next-comment')
|
||||
.click(function() {
|
||||
self.changeSelectedComment(self.lastSelected.next()); return false;
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// Workaround for Firefox 2 and 3, which steal focus from the main document
|
||||
// whenever the iframe content is (re)loaded. The input field is not shown,
|
||||
// but is a way for us to bring focus back to a place where we can detect
|
||||
// keypresses.
|
||||
this.context.find('#code-display')
|
||||
.load(function(ev) {self.shortcutInput.focus();});
|
||||
|
||||
jQuery(document).keypress(function(ev) {
|
||||
switch(ev.which) {
|
||||
case 110: // 'n'
|
||||
self.changeSelectedComment(self.lastSelected.next());
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
case 112: // 'p'
|
||||
self.changeSelectedComment(self.lastSelected.prev());
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
default: // ignore
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
window.onresize = function() {self.updateHeight();};
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Starts dragging the pane sizer.
|
||||
* @param {Object} ev The mousedown event that started us dragging.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.startSizerDrag = function(ev) {
|
||||
this.initialCodeWidth = this.codeColumn.width();
|
||||
this.initialCommentsWidth = this.commentColumn.width();
|
||||
this.initialMouseX = ev.pageX;
|
||||
this.overlay.show();
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Handles dragging the pane sizer.
|
||||
* @param {Object} ev The mousemove event updating dragging position.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.handleSizerDrag = function(ev) {
|
||||
var delta = ev.pageX - this.initialMouseX;
|
||||
if (this.codeColumn.is('.right')) delta = -delta;
|
||||
var proposedCodeWidth = this.initialCodeWidth + delta;
|
||||
var proposedCommentWidth = this.initialCommentsWidth - delta;
|
||||
var mw = CodewalkViewer.MIN_PANE_WIDTH;
|
||||
if (proposedCodeWidth < mw) delta = mw - this.initialCodeWidth;
|
||||
if (proposedCommentWidth < mw) delta = this.initialCommentsWidth - mw;
|
||||
proposedCodeWidth = this.initialCodeWidth + delta;
|
||||
proposedCommentWidth = this.initialCommentsWidth - delta;
|
||||
// If window is too small, don't even try to resize.
|
||||
if (proposedCodeWidth < mw || proposedCommentWidth < mw) return;
|
||||
this.codeColumn.width(proposedCodeWidth);
|
||||
this.commentColumn.width(proposedCommentWidth);
|
||||
this.options.codeWidth = parseInt(
|
||||
this.codeColumn.width() /
|
||||
(this.codeColumn.width() + this.commentColumn.width()) * 100);
|
||||
this.context.find('#code-column-width').text(this.options.codeWidth + '%');
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Ends dragging the pane sizer.
|
||||
* @param {Object} ev The mouseup event that caused us to stop dragging.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.endSizerDrag = function(ev) {
|
||||
this.overlay.hide();
|
||||
this.updateHeight();
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Toggles the Codewalk description between being shown and hidden.
|
||||
* @param {jQuery} target The target that was clicked to trigger this function.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.toggleDescription = function(target) {
|
||||
var description = this.context.find('#description');
|
||||
description.toggle();
|
||||
target.find('span').text(description.is(':hidden') ? 'show' : 'hide');
|
||||
this.updateHeight();
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Changes the side of the window on which the code is shown and saves the
|
||||
* setting in a cookie.
|
||||
* @param {string?} codeSide The side on which the code should be, either
|
||||
* 'left' or 'right'.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.changeCodeSide = function(codeSide) {
|
||||
var commentSide = codeSide == 'left' ? 'right' : 'left';
|
||||
this.context.find('#set-code-' + codeSide).addClass('selected');
|
||||
this.context.find('#set-code-' + commentSide).removeClass('selected');
|
||||
// Remove previous side class and add new one.
|
||||
this.codeColumn.addClass(codeSide).removeClass(commentSide);
|
||||
this.commentColumn.addClass(commentSide).removeClass(codeSide);
|
||||
this.sizer.css(codeSide, 'auto').css(commentSide, 0);
|
||||
this.options.codeSide = codeSide;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Adds selected class to newly selected comment, removes selected style from
|
||||
* previously selected comment, changes drop down options so that the correct
|
||||
* file is selected, and updates the code popout link.
|
||||
* @param {jQuery} target The target that was clicked to trigger this function.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.changeSelectedComment = function(target) {
|
||||
var currentFile = target.find('.comment-link').attr('href');
|
||||
if (!currentFile) return;
|
||||
|
||||
if (!(this.lastSelected && this.lastSelected.get(0) === target.get(0))) {
|
||||
if (this.lastSelected) this.lastSelected.removeClass('selected');
|
||||
target.addClass('selected');
|
||||
this.lastSelected = target;
|
||||
var targetTop = target.position().top;
|
||||
var parentTop = target.parent().position().top;
|
||||
if (targetTop + target.height() > parentTop + target.parent().height() ||
|
||||
targetTop < parentTop) {
|
||||
var delta = targetTop - parentTop;
|
||||
target.parent().animate(
|
||||
{'scrollTop': target.parent().scrollTop() + delta},
|
||||
Math.max(delta / 2, 200), 'swing');
|
||||
}
|
||||
var fname = currentFile.match(/(?:select=|fileprint=)\/[^&]+/)[0];
|
||||
fname = fname.slice(fname.indexOf('=')+2, fname.length);
|
||||
this.context.find('#code-selector').val(fname);
|
||||
this.context.find('#prev-comment').toggleClass(
|
||||
'disabled', !target.prev().length);
|
||||
this.context.find('#next-comment').toggleClass(
|
||||
'disabled', !target.next().length);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Force original file even if user hasn't changed comments since they may
|
||||
// have navigated away from it within the iframe without us knowing.
|
||||
this.navigateToCode(currentFile);
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Updates the viewer by changing the height of the comments and code so that
|
||||
* they fit within the height of the window. The function is typically called
|
||||
* after the user changes the window size.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
CodewalkViewer.prototype.updateHeight = function() {
|
||||
var windowHeight = jQuery(window).height() - 5 // GOK
|
||||
var areaHeight = windowHeight - this.codeArea.offset().top
|
||||
var footerHeight = this.context.find('#footer').outerHeight(true)
|
||||
this.commentArea.height(areaHeight - footerHeight - this.context.find('#comment-options').outerHeight(true))
|
||||
var codeHeight = areaHeight - footerHeight - 15 // GOK
|
||||
this.codeArea.height(codeHeight)
|
||||
this.codeDisplay.height(codeHeight - this.codeDisplay.offset().top + this.codeArea.offset().top);
|
||||
this.sizer.height(codeHeight);
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
window.initFuncs.push(function() {
|
||||
var viewer = new CodewalkViewer(jQuery('#codewalk-main'));
|
||||
viewer.selectFirstComment();
|
||||
viewer.targetCommentLinksAtBlank();
|
||||
viewer.installEventHandlers();
|
||||
viewer.updateHeight();
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<codewalk title="How to Write a Codewalk">
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Introduction" src="doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml">
|
||||
A codewalk is a guided tour through a piece of code.
|
||||
It consists of a sequence of steps, each typically explaining
|
||||
a highlighted section of code.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/godoc">godoc</a> web server translates
|
||||
an XML file like the one in the main window pane into the HTML
|
||||
page that you're viewing now.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
The codewalk with URL path <code>/doc/codewalk/</code><i>name</i>
|
||||
is loaded from the input file <code>$GOROOT/doc/codewalk/</code><i>name</i><code>.xml</code>.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
This codewalk explains how to write a codewalk by examining
|
||||
its own source code,
|
||||
<code><a href="/doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml">$GOROOT/doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml</a></code>,
|
||||
shown in the main window pane to the left.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Title" src="doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/title=/">
|
||||
The codewalk input file is an XML file containing a single
|
||||
<code><codewalk></code> element.
|
||||
That element's <code>title</code> attribute gives the title
|
||||
that is used both on the codewalk page and in the codewalk list.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Steps" src="doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/<step/,/step>/">
|
||||
Each step in the codewalk is a <code><step></code> element
|
||||
nested inside the main <code><codewalk></code>.
|
||||
The step element's <code>title</code> attribute gives the step's title,
|
||||
which is shown in a shaded bar above the main step text.
|
||||
The element's <code>src</code> attribute specifies the source
|
||||
code to show in the main window pane and, optionally, a range of
|
||||
lines to highlight.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
The first step in this codewalk does not highlight any lines:
|
||||
its <code>src</code> is just a file name.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Specifying a source line" src='doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/title="Title"/'>
|
||||
The most complex part of the codewalk specification is
|
||||
saying what lines to highlight.
|
||||
Instead of ordinary line numbers,
|
||||
the codewalk uses an address syntax that makes it possible
|
||||
to describe the match by its content.
|
||||
As the file gets edited, this descriptive address has a better
|
||||
chance to continue to refer to the right section of the file.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
To specify a source line, use a <code>src</code> attribute of the form
|
||||
<i>filename</i><code>:</code><i>address</i>,
|
||||
where <i>address</i> is an address in the syntax used by the text editors <i>sam</i> and <i>acme</i>.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
The simplest address is a single regular expression.
|
||||
The highlighted line in the main window pane shows that the
|
||||
address for the “Title” step was <code>/title=/</code>,
|
||||
which matches the first instance of that <a href="/pkg/regexp">regular expression</a> (<code>title=</code>) in the file.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Specifying a source range" src='doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/title="Steps"/'>
|
||||
To highlight a range of source lines, the simplest address to use is
|
||||
a pair of regular expressions
|
||||
<code>/</code><i>regexp1</i><code>/,/</code><i>regexp2</i><code>/</code>.
|
||||
The highlight begins with the line containing the first match for <i>regexp1</i>
|
||||
and ends with the line containing the first match for <i>regexp2</i>
|
||||
after the end of the match for <i>regexp1</i>.
|
||||
Ignoring the HTML quoting,
|
||||
The line containing the first match for <i>regexp1</i> will be the first one highlighted,
|
||||
and the line containing the first match for <i>regexp2</i>.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
The address <code>/<step/,/step>/</code> looks for the first instance of
|
||||
<code><step</code> in the file, and then starting after that point,
|
||||
looks for the first instance of <code>step></code>.
|
||||
(Click on the “Steps” step above to see the highlight in action.)
|
||||
Note that the <code><</code> and <code>></code> had to be written
|
||||
using XML escapes in order to be valid XML.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Advanced addressing" src="doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/Advanced/,/step>/">
|
||||
The <code>/</code><i>regexp</i><code>/</code>
|
||||
and <code>/</code><i>regexp1</i><code>/,/</code><i>regexp2</i><code>/</code>
|
||||
forms suffice for most highlighting.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
The full address syntax is summarized in this table
|
||||
(an excerpt of Table II from
|
||||
<a href="https://9p.io/sys/doc/sam/sam.html">The text editor <code>sam</code></a>):
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><td colspan="2"><b>Simple addresses</b></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>#</code><i>n</i></td>
|
||||
<td>The empty string after character <i>n</i></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><i>n</i></td>
|
||||
<td>Line <i>n</i></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>/</code><i>regexp</i><code>/</code></td>
|
||||
<td>The first following match of the regular expression</td></tr>
|
||||
<!-- not supported (yet?)
|
||||
<tr><td><code>–/</code><i>regexp</i><code>/</code></td>
|
||||
<td>The first previous match of the regular expression</td></tr>
|
||||
-->
|
||||
<tr><td><code>$</code></td>
|
||||
<td>The null string at the end of the file</td></tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr><td colspan="2"><b>Compound addresses</b></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><i>a1</i><code>+</code><i>a2</i></td>
|
||||
<td>The address <i>a2</i> evaluated starting at the right of <i>a1</i></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><i>a1</i><code>-</code><i>a2</i></td>
|
||||
<td>The address <i>a2</i> evaluated in the reverse direction starting at the left of <i>a1</i></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><i>a1</i><code>,</code><i>a2</i></td>
|
||||
<td>From the left of <i>a1</i> to the right of <i>a2</i> (default <code>0,$</code>).</td></tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</codewalk>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
package main_test
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"bytes"
|
||||
"os"
|
||||
"os/exec"
|
||||
"strings"
|
||||
"testing"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
// TestMarkov tests the code dependency of markov.xml.
|
||||
func TestMarkov(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
cmd := exec.Command("go", "run", "markov.go")
|
||||
cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("foo")
|
||||
cmd.Stderr = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
|
||||
out, err := cmd.Output()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, cmd.Stderr)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if !bytes.Equal(out, []byte("foo\n")) {
|
||||
t.Fatalf(`%s with input "foo" did not output "foo":\n%s`, strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), out)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// TestPig tests the code dependency of functions.xml.
|
||||
func TestPig(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
cmd := exec.Command("go", "run", "pig.go")
|
||||
cmd.Stderr = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
|
||||
out, err := cmd.Output()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, cmd.Stderr)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
const want = "Wins, losses staying at k = 100: 210/990 (21.2%), 780/990 (78.8%)\n"
|
||||
if !bytes.Contains(out, []byte(want)) {
|
||||
t.Fatalf(`%s: unexpected output\ngot:\n%s\nwant output containing:\n%s`, strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), out, want)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// TestURLPoll tests the code dependency of sharemem.xml.
|
||||
func TestURLPoll(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", os.DevNull, "urlpoll.go")
|
||||
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, out)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<codewalk title="First-Class Functions in Go">
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Introduction" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go">
|
||||
Go supports first class functions, higher-order functions, user-defined
|
||||
function types, function literals, closures, and multiple return values.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
This rich feature set supports a functional programming style in a strongly
|
||||
typed language.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
In this codewalk we will look at a simple program that simulates a dice game
|
||||
called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_(dice)">Pig</a> and evaluates
|
||||
basic strategies.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Game overview" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ A score/,/thisTurn int\n}/">
|
||||
Pig is a two-player game played with a 6-sided die. Each turn, you may roll or stay.
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li> If you roll a 1, you lose all points for your turn and play passes to
|
||||
your opponent. Any other roll adds its value to your turn score. </li>
|
||||
<li> If you stay, your turn score is added to your total score, and play passes
|
||||
to your opponent. </li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
The first person to reach 100 total points wins.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
The <code>score</code> type stores the scores of the current and opposing
|
||||
players, in addition to the points accumulated during the current turn.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="User-defined function types" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ An action/,/bool\)/">
|
||||
In Go, functions can be passed around just like any other value. A function's
|
||||
type signature describes the types of its arguments and return values.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
The <code>action</code> type is a function that takes a <code>score</code>
|
||||
and returns the resulting <code>score</code> and whether the current turn is
|
||||
over.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
If the turn is over, the <code>player</code> and <code>opponent</code> fields
|
||||
in the resulting <code>score</code> should be swapped, as it is now the other player's
|
||||
turn.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Multiple return values" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ roll returns/,/true\n}/">
|
||||
Go functions can return multiple values.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
The functions <code>roll</code> and <code>stay</code> each return a pair of
|
||||
values. They also match the <code>action</code> type signature. These
|
||||
<code>action</code> functions define the rules of Pig.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Higher-order functions" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ A strategy/,/action\n/">
|
||||
A function can use other functions as arguments and return values.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
A <code>strategy</code> is a function that takes a <code>score</code> as input
|
||||
and returns an <code>action</code> to perform. <br/>
|
||||
(Remember, an <code>action</code> is itself a function.)
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Function literals and closures" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/return func/,/return roll\n\t}/">
|
||||
Anonymous functions can be declared in Go, as in this example. Function
|
||||
literals are closures: they inherit the scope of the function in which they
|
||||
are declared.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
One basic strategy in Pig is to continue rolling until you have accumulated at
|
||||
least k points in a turn, and then stay. The argument <code>k</code> is
|
||||
enclosed by this function literal, which matches the <code>strategy</code> type
|
||||
signature.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Simulating games" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ play/,/currentPlayer\n}/">
|
||||
We simulate a game of Pig by calling an <code>action</code> to update the
|
||||
<code>score</code> until one player reaches 100 points. Each
|
||||
<code>action</code> is selected by calling the <code>strategy</code> function
|
||||
associated with the current player.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Simulating a tournament" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ roundRobin/,/gamesPerStrategy\n}/">
|
||||
The <code>roundRobin</code> function simulates a tournament and tallies wins.
|
||||
Each strategy plays each other strategy <code>gamesPerSeries</code> times.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Variadic function declarations" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ ratioS/,/string {/">
|
||||
Variadic functions like <code>ratioString</code> take a variable number of
|
||||
arguments. These arguments are available as a slice inside the function.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Simulation results" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/func main/,/\n}/">
|
||||
The <code>main</code> function defines 100 basic strategies, simulates a round
|
||||
robin tournament, and then prints the win/loss record of each strategy.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
|
||||
Among these strategies, staying at 25 is best, but the <a
|
||||
href="http://www.google.com/search?q=optimal+play+pig">optimal strategy for
|
||||
Pig</a> is much more complex.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
</codewalk>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Generating random text: a Markov chain algorithm
|
||||
|
||||
Based on the program presented in the "Design and Implementation" chapter
|
||||
of The Practice of Programming (Kernighan and Pike, Addison-Wesley 1999).
|
||||
See also Computer Recreations, Scientific American 260, 122 - 125 (1989).
|
||||
|
||||
A Markov chain algorithm generates text by creating a statistical model of
|
||||
potential textual suffixes for a given prefix. Consider this text:
|
||||
|
||||
I am not a number! I am a free man!
|
||||
|
||||
Our Markov chain algorithm would arrange this text into this set of prefixes
|
||||
and suffixes, or "chain": (This table assumes a prefix length of two words.)
|
||||
|
||||
Prefix Suffix
|
||||
|
||||
"" "" I
|
||||
"" I am
|
||||
I am a
|
||||
I am not
|
||||
a free man!
|
||||
am a free
|
||||
am not a
|
||||
a number! I
|
||||
number! I am
|
||||
not a number!
|
||||
|
||||
To generate text using this table we select an initial prefix ("I am", for
|
||||
example), choose one of the suffixes associated with that prefix at random
|
||||
with probability determined by the input statistics ("a"),
|
||||
and then create a new prefix by removing the first word from the prefix
|
||||
and appending the suffix (making the new prefix is "am a"). Repeat this process
|
||||
until we can't find any suffixes for the current prefix or we exceed the word
|
||||
limit. (The word limit is necessary as the chain table may contain cycles.)
|
||||
|
||||
Our version of this program reads text from standard input, parsing it into a
|
||||
Markov chain, and writes generated text to standard output.
|
||||
The prefix and output lengths can be specified using the -prefix and -words
|
||||
flags on the command-line.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"bufio"
|
||||
"flag"
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"io"
|
||||
"math/rand"
|
||||
"os"
|
||||
"strings"
|
||||
"time"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
// Prefix is a Markov chain prefix of one or more words.
|
||||
type Prefix []string
|
||||
|
||||
// String returns the Prefix as a string (for use as a map key).
|
||||
func (p Prefix) String() string {
|
||||
return strings.Join(p, " ")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Shift removes the first word from the Prefix and appends the given word.
|
||||
func (p Prefix) Shift(word string) {
|
||||
copy(p, p[1:])
|
||||
p[len(p)-1] = word
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Chain contains a map ("chain") of prefixes to a list of suffixes.
|
||||
// A prefix is a string of prefixLen words joined with spaces.
|
||||
// A suffix is a single word. A prefix can have multiple suffixes.
|
||||
type Chain struct {
|
||||
chain map[string][]string
|
||||
prefixLen int
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// NewChain returns a new Chain with prefixes of prefixLen words.
|
||||
func NewChain(prefixLen int) *Chain {
|
||||
return &Chain{make(map[string][]string), prefixLen}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Build reads text from the provided Reader and
|
||||
// parses it into prefixes and suffixes that are stored in Chain.
|
||||
func (c *Chain) Build(r io.Reader) {
|
||||
br := bufio.NewReader(r)
|
||||
p := make(Prefix, c.prefixLen)
|
||||
for {
|
||||
var s string
|
||||
if _, err := fmt.Fscan(br, &s); err != nil {
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
key := p.String()
|
||||
c.chain[key] = append(c.chain[key], s)
|
||||
p.Shift(s)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Generate returns a string of at most n words generated from Chain.
|
||||
func (c *Chain) Generate(n int) string {
|
||||
p := make(Prefix, c.prefixLen)
|
||||
var words []string
|
||||
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
|
||||
choices := c.chain[p.String()]
|
||||
if len(choices) == 0 {
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
next := choices[rand.Intn(len(choices))]
|
||||
words = append(words, next)
|
||||
p.Shift(next)
|
||||
}
|
||||
return strings.Join(words, " ")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
// Register command-line flags.
|
||||
numWords := flag.Int("words", 100, "maximum number of words to print")
|
||||
prefixLen := flag.Int("prefix", 2, "prefix length in words")
|
||||
|
||||
flag.Parse() // Parse command-line flags.
|
||||
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) // Seed the random number generator.
|
||||
|
||||
c := NewChain(*prefixLen) // Initialize a new Chain.
|
||||
c.Build(os.Stdin) // Build chains from standard input.
|
||||
text := c.Generate(*numWords) // Generate text.
|
||||
fmt.Println(text) // Write text to standard output.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<codewalk title="Generating arbitrary text: a Markov chain algorithm">
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Introduction" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/Generating/,/line\./">
|
||||
This codewalk describes a program that generates random text using
|
||||
a Markov chain algorithm. The package comment describes the algorithm
|
||||
and the operation of the program. Please read it before continuing.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Modeling Markov chains" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/ chain/">
|
||||
A chain consists of a prefix and a suffix. Each prefix is a set
|
||||
number of words, while a suffix is a single word.
|
||||
A prefix can have an arbitrary number of suffixes.
|
||||
To model this data, we use a <code>map[string][]string</code>.
|
||||
Each map key is a prefix (a <code>string</code>) and its values are
|
||||
lists of suffixes (a slice of strings, <code>[]string</code>).
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Here is the example table from the package comment
|
||||
as modeled by this data structure:
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
map[string][]string{
|
||||
" ": {"I"},
|
||||
" I": {"am"},
|
||||
"I am": {"a", "not"},
|
||||
"a free": {"man!"},
|
||||
"am a": {"free"},
|
||||
"am not": {"a"},
|
||||
"a number!": {"I"},
|
||||
"number! I": {"am"},
|
||||
"not a": {"number!"},
|
||||
}</pre>
|
||||
While each prefix consists of multiple words, we
|
||||
store prefixes in the map as a single <code>string</code>.
|
||||
It would seem more natural to store the prefix as a
|
||||
<code>[]string</code>, but we can't do this with a map because the
|
||||
key type of a map must implement equality (and slices do not).
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Therefore, in most of our code we will model prefixes as a
|
||||
<code>[]string</code> and join the strings together with a space
|
||||
to generate the map key:
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
Prefix Map key
|
||||
|
||||
[]string{"", ""} " "
|
||||
[]string{"", "I"} " I"
|
||||
[]string{"I", "am"} "I am"
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The Chain struct" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/type Chain/,/}/">
|
||||
The complete state of the chain table consists of the table itself and
|
||||
the word length of the prefixes. The <code>Chain</code> struct stores
|
||||
this data.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The NewChain constructor function" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func New/,/\n}/">
|
||||
The <code>Chain</code> struct has two unexported fields (those that
|
||||
do not begin with an upper case character), and so we write a
|
||||
<code>NewChain</code> constructor function that initializes the
|
||||
<code>chain</code> map with <code>make</code> and sets the
|
||||
<code>prefixLen</code> field.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
This is constructor function is not strictly necessary as this entire
|
||||
program is within a single package (<code>main</code>) and therefore
|
||||
there is little practical difference between exported and unexported
|
||||
fields. We could just as easily write out the contents of this function
|
||||
when we want to construct a new Chain.
|
||||
But using these unexported fields is good practice; it clearly denotes
|
||||
that only methods of Chain and its constructor function should access
|
||||
those fields. Also, structuring <code>Chain</code> like this means we
|
||||
could easily move it into its own package at some later date.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The Prefix type" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/type Prefix/">
|
||||
Since we'll be working with prefixes often, we define a
|
||||
<code>Prefix</code> type with the concrete type <code>[]string</code>.
|
||||
Defining a named type clearly allows us to be explicit when we are
|
||||
working with a prefix instead of just a <code>[]string</code>.
|
||||
Also, in Go we can define methods on any named type (not just structs),
|
||||
so we can add methods that operate on <code>Prefix</code> if we need to.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The String method" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func[^\n]+String/,/}/">
|
||||
The first method we define on <code>Prefix</code> is
|
||||
<code>String</code>. It returns a <code>string</code> representation
|
||||
of a <code>Prefix</code> by joining the slice elements together with
|
||||
spaces. We will use this method to generate keys when working with
|
||||
the chain map.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Building the chain" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func[^\n]+Build/,/\n}/">
|
||||
The <code>Build</code> method reads text from an <code>io.Reader</code>
|
||||
and parses it into prefixes and suffixes that are stored in the
|
||||
<code>Chain</code>.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
The <code><a href="/pkg/io/#Reader">io.Reader</a></code> is an
|
||||
interface type that is widely used by the standard library and
|
||||
other Go code. Our code uses the
|
||||
<code><a href="/pkg/fmt/#Fscan">fmt.Fscan</a></code> function, which
|
||||
reads space-separated values from an <code>io.Reader</code>.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
The <code>Build</code> method returns once the <code>Reader</code>'s
|
||||
<code>Read</code> method returns <code>io.EOF</code> (end of file)
|
||||
or some other read error occurs.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Buffering the input" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/bufio\.NewReader/">
|
||||
This function does many small reads, which can be inefficient for some
|
||||
<code>Readers</code>. For efficiency we wrap the provided
|
||||
<code>io.Reader</code> with
|
||||
<code><a href="/pkg/bufio/">bufio.NewReader</a></code> to create a
|
||||
new <code>io.Reader</code> that provides buffering.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The Prefix variable" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/make\(Prefix/">
|
||||
At the top of the function we make a <code>Prefix</code> slice
|
||||
<code>p</code> using the <code>Chain</code>'s <code>prefixLen</code>
|
||||
field as its length.
|
||||
We'll use this variable to hold the current prefix and mutate it with
|
||||
each new word we encounter.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Scanning words" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/var s string/,/\n }/">
|
||||
In our loop we read words from the <code>Reader</code> into a
|
||||
<code>string</code> variable <code>s</code> using
|
||||
<code>fmt.Fscan</code>. Since <code>Fscan</code> uses space to
|
||||
separate each input value, each call will yield just one word
|
||||
(including punctuation), which is exactly what we need.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
<code>Fscan</code> returns an error if it encounters a read error
|
||||
(<code>io.EOF</code>, for example) or if it can't scan the requested
|
||||
value (in our case, a single string). In either case we just want to
|
||||
stop scanning, so we <code>break</code> out of the loop.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Adding a prefix and suffix to the chain" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/ key/,/key\], s\)">
|
||||
The word stored in <code>s</code> is a new suffix. We add the new
|
||||
prefix/suffix combination to the <code>chain</code> map by computing
|
||||
the map key with <code>p.String</code> and appending the suffix
|
||||
to the slice stored under that key.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
The built-in <code>append</code> function appends elements to a slice
|
||||
and allocates new storage when necessary. When the provided slice is
|
||||
<code>nil</code>, <code>append</code> allocates a new slice.
|
||||
This behavior conveniently ties in with the semantics of our map:
|
||||
retrieving an unset key returns the zero value of the value type and
|
||||
the zero value of <code>[]string</code> is <code>nil</code>.
|
||||
When our program encounters a new prefix (yielding a <code>nil</code>
|
||||
value in the map) <code>append</code> will allocate a new slice.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
For more information about the <code>append</code> function and slices
|
||||
in general see the
|
||||
<a href="/doc/articles/slices_usage_and_internals.html">Slices: usage and internals</a> article.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Pushing the suffix onto the prefix" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/p\.Shift/">
|
||||
Before reading the next word our algorithm requires us to drop the
|
||||
first word from the prefix and push the current suffix onto the prefix.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
When in this state
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
p == Prefix{"I", "am"}
|
||||
s == "not" </pre>
|
||||
the new value for <code>p</code> would be
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
p == Prefix{"am", "not"}</pre>
|
||||
This operation is also required during text generation so we put
|
||||
the code to perform this mutation of the slice inside a method on
|
||||
<code>Prefix</code> named <code>Shift</code>.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The Shift method" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func[^\n]+Shift/,/\n}/">
|
||||
The <code>Shift</code> method uses the built-in <code>copy</code>
|
||||
function to copy the last len(p)-1 elements of <code>p</code> to
|
||||
the start of the slice, effectively moving the elements
|
||||
one index to the left (if you consider zero as the leftmost index).
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
p := Prefix{"I", "am"}
|
||||
copy(p, p[1:])
|
||||
// p == Prefix{"am", "am"}</pre>
|
||||
We then assign the provided <code>word</code> to the last index
|
||||
of the slice:
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
// suffix == "not"
|
||||
p[len(p)-1] = suffix
|
||||
// p == Prefix{"am", "not"}</pre>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Generating text" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func[^\n]+Generate/,/\n}/">
|
||||
The <code>Generate</code> method is similar to <code>Build</code>
|
||||
except that instead of reading words from a <code>Reader</code>
|
||||
and storing them in a map, it reads words from the map and
|
||||
appends them to a slice (<code>words</code>).
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
<code>Generate</code> uses a conditional for loop to generate
|
||||
up to <code>n</code> words.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Getting potential suffixes" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/choices/,/}\n/">
|
||||
At each iteration of the loop we retrieve a list of potential suffixes
|
||||
for the current prefix. We access the <code>chain</code> map at key
|
||||
<code>p.String()</code> and assign its contents to <code>choices</code>.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
If <code>len(choices)</code> is zero we break out of the loop as there
|
||||
are no potential suffixes for that prefix.
|
||||
This test also works if the key isn't present in the map at all:
|
||||
in that case, <code>choices</code> will be <code>nil</code> and the
|
||||
length of a <code>nil</code> slice is zero.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Choosing a suffix at random" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/next := choices/,/Shift/">
|
||||
To choose a suffix we use the
|
||||
<code><a href="/pkg/math/rand/#Intn">rand.Intn</a></code> function.
|
||||
It returns a random integer up to (but not including) the provided
|
||||
value. Passing in <code>len(choices)</code> gives us a random index
|
||||
into the full length of the list.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
We use that index to pick our new suffix, assign it to
|
||||
<code>next</code> and append it to the <code>words</code> slice.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Next, we <code>Shift</code> the new suffix onto the prefix just as
|
||||
we did in the <code>Build</code> method.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Returning the generated text" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/Join\(words/">
|
||||
Before returning the generated text as a string, we use the
|
||||
<code>strings.Join</code> function to join the elements of
|
||||
the <code>words</code> slice together, separated by spaces.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Command-line flags" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/Register command-line flags/,/prefixLen/">
|
||||
To make it easy to tweak the prefix and generated text lengths we
|
||||
use the <code><a href="/pkg/flag/">flag</a></code> package to parse
|
||||
command-line flags.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
These calls to <code>flag.Int</code> register new flags with the
|
||||
<code>flag</code> package. The arguments to <code>Int</code> are the
|
||||
flag name, its default value, and a description. The <code>Int</code>
|
||||
function returns a pointer to an integer that will contain the
|
||||
user-supplied value (or the default value if the flag was omitted on
|
||||
the command-line).
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Program set up" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/flag.Parse/,/rand.Seed/">
|
||||
The <code>main</code> function begins by parsing the command-line
|
||||
flags with <code>flag.Parse</code> and seeding the <code>rand</code>
|
||||
package's random number generator with the current time.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
If the command-line flags provided by the user are invalid the
|
||||
<code>flag.Parse</code> function will print an informative usage
|
||||
message and terminate the program.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Creating and building a new Chain" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/c := NewChain/,/c\.Build/">
|
||||
To create the new <code>Chain</code> we call <code>NewChain</code>
|
||||
with the value of the <code>prefix</code> flag.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
To build the chain we call <code>Build</code> with
|
||||
<code>os.Stdin</code> (which implements <code>io.Reader</code>) so
|
||||
that it will read its input from standard input.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Generating and printing text" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/c\.Generate/,/fmt.Println/">
|
||||
Finally, to generate text we call <code>Generate</code> with
|
||||
the value of the <code>words</code> flag and assigning the result
|
||||
to the variable <code>text</code>.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Then we call <code>fmt.Println</code> to write the text to standard
|
||||
output, followed by a carriage return.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Using this program" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go">
|
||||
To use this program, first build it with the
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/">go</a> command:
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go build markov.go</pre>
|
||||
And then execute it while piping in some input text:
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ echo "a man a plan a canal panama" \
|
||||
| ./markov -prefix=1
|
||||
a plan a man a plan a canal panama</pre>
|
||||
Here's a transcript of generating some text using the Go distribution's
|
||||
README file as source material:
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ ./markov -words=10 < $GOROOT/README
|
||||
This is the source code repository for the Go source
|
||||
$ ./markov -prefix=1 -words=10 < $GOROOT/README
|
||||
This is the go directory (the one containing this README).
|
||||
$ ./markov -prefix=1 -words=10 < $GOROOT/README
|
||||
This is the variable if you have just untarred a</pre>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="An exercise for the reader" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go">
|
||||
The <code>Generate</code> function does a lot of allocations when it
|
||||
builds the <code>words</code> slice. As an exercise, modify it to
|
||||
take an <code>io.Writer</code> to which it incrementally writes the
|
||||
generated text with <code>Fprint</code>.
|
||||
Aside from being more efficient this makes <code>Generate</code>
|
||||
more symmetrical to <code>Build</code>.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
</codewalk>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"math/rand"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
const (
|
||||
win = 100 // The winning score in a game of Pig
|
||||
gamesPerSeries = 10 // The number of games per series to simulate
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
// A score includes scores accumulated in previous turns for each player,
|
||||
// as well as the points scored by the current player in this turn.
|
||||
type score struct {
|
||||
player, opponent, thisTurn int
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// An action transitions stochastically to a resulting score.
|
||||
type action func(current score) (result score, turnIsOver bool)
|
||||
|
||||
// roll returns the (result, turnIsOver) outcome of simulating a die roll.
|
||||
// If the roll value is 1, then thisTurn score is abandoned, and the players'
|
||||
// roles swap. Otherwise, the roll value is added to thisTurn.
|
||||
func roll(s score) (score, bool) {
|
||||
outcome := rand.Intn(6) + 1 // A random int in [1, 6]
|
||||
if outcome == 1 {
|
||||
return score{s.opponent, s.player, 0}, true
|
||||
}
|
||||
return score{s.player, s.opponent, outcome + s.thisTurn}, false
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// stay returns the (result, turnIsOver) outcome of staying.
|
||||
// thisTurn score is added to the player's score, and the players' roles swap.
|
||||
func stay(s score) (score, bool) {
|
||||
return score{s.opponent, s.player + s.thisTurn, 0}, true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// A strategy chooses an action for any given score.
|
||||
type strategy func(score) action
|
||||
|
||||
// stayAtK returns a strategy that rolls until thisTurn is at least k, then stays.
|
||||
func stayAtK(k int) strategy {
|
||||
return func(s score) action {
|
||||
if s.thisTurn >= k {
|
||||
return stay
|
||||
}
|
||||
return roll
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// play simulates a Pig game and returns the winner (0 or 1).
|
||||
func play(strategy0, strategy1 strategy) int {
|
||||
strategies := []strategy{strategy0, strategy1}
|
||||
var s score
|
||||
var turnIsOver bool
|
||||
currentPlayer := rand.Intn(2) // Randomly decide who plays first
|
||||
for s.player+s.thisTurn < win {
|
||||
action := strategies[currentPlayer](s)
|
||||
s, turnIsOver = action(s)
|
||||
if turnIsOver {
|
||||
currentPlayer = (currentPlayer + 1) % 2
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return currentPlayer
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// roundRobin simulates a series of games between every pair of strategies.
|
||||
func roundRobin(strategies []strategy) ([]int, int) {
|
||||
wins := make([]int, len(strategies))
|
||||
for i := 0; i < len(strategies); i++ {
|
||||
for j := i + 1; j < len(strategies); j++ {
|
||||
for k := 0; k < gamesPerSeries; k++ {
|
||||
winner := play(strategies[i], strategies[j])
|
||||
if winner == 0 {
|
||||
wins[i]++
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
wins[j]++
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
gamesPerStrategy := gamesPerSeries * (len(strategies) - 1) // no self play
|
||||
return wins, gamesPerStrategy
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ratioString takes a list of integer values and returns a string that lists
|
||||
// each value and its percentage of the sum of all values.
|
||||
// e.g., ratios(1, 2, 3) = "1/6 (16.7%), 2/6 (33.3%), 3/6 (50.0%)"
|
||||
func ratioString(vals ...int) string {
|
||||
total := 0
|
||||
for _, val := range vals {
|
||||
total += val
|
||||
}
|
||||
s := ""
|
||||
for _, val := range vals {
|
||||
if s != "" {
|
||||
s += ", "
|
||||
}
|
||||
pct := 100 * float64(val) / float64(total)
|
||||
s += fmt.Sprintf("%d/%d (%0.1f%%)", val, total, pct)
|
||||
}
|
||||
return s
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
strategies := make([]strategy, win)
|
||||
for k := range strategies {
|
||||
strategies[k] = stayAtK(k + 1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
wins, games := roundRobin(strategies)
|
||||
|
||||
for k := range strategies {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("Wins, losses staying at k =% 4d: %s\n",
|
||||
k+1, ratioString(wins[k], games-wins[k]))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 213 B |
|
|
@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<codewalk title="Share Memory By Communicating">
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Introduction" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go">
|
||||
Go's approach to concurrency differs from the traditional use of
|
||||
threads and shared memory. Philosophically, it can be summarized:
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
<i>Don't communicate by sharing memory; share memory by communicating.</i>
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Channels allow you to pass references to data structures between goroutines.
|
||||
If you consider this as passing around ownership of the data (the ability to
|
||||
read and write it), they become a powerful and expressive synchronization
|
||||
mechanism.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
In this codewalk we will look at a simple program that polls a list of
|
||||
URLs, checking their HTTP response codes and periodically printing their state.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="State type" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/State/,/}/">
|
||||
The State type represents the state of a URL.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
The Pollers send State values to the StateMonitor,
|
||||
which maintains a map of the current state of each URL.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Resource type" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Resource/,/}/">
|
||||
A Resource represents the state of a URL to be polled: the URL itself
|
||||
and the number of errors encountered since the last successful poll.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
When the program starts, it allocates one Resource for each URL.
|
||||
The main goroutine and the Poller goroutines send the Resources to
|
||||
each other on channels.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Poller function" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/func Poller/,/\n}/">
|
||||
Each Poller receives Resource pointers from an input channel.
|
||||
In this program, the convention is that sending a Resource pointer on
|
||||
a channel passes ownership of the underlying data from the sender
|
||||
to the receiver. Because of this convention, we know that
|
||||
no two goroutines will access this Resource at the same time.
|
||||
This means we don't have to worry about locking to prevent concurrent
|
||||
access to these data structures.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
The Poller processes the Resource by calling its Poll method.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
It sends a State value to the status channel, to inform the StateMonitor
|
||||
of the result of the Poll.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Finally, it sends the Resource pointer to the out channel. This can be
|
||||
interpreted as the Poller saying "I'm done with this Resource" and
|
||||
returning ownership of it to the main goroutine.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Several goroutines run Pollers, processing Resources in parallel.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The Poll method" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Poll executes/,/\n}/">
|
||||
The Poll method (of the Resource type) performs an HTTP HEAD request
|
||||
for the Resource's URL and returns the HTTP response's status code.
|
||||
If an error occurs, Poll logs the message to standard error and returns the
|
||||
error string instead.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="main function" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/func main/,/\n}/">
|
||||
The main function starts the Poller and StateMonitor goroutines
|
||||
and then loops passing completed Resources back to the pending
|
||||
channel after appropriate delays.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Creating channels" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Create our/,/complete/">
|
||||
First, main makes two channels of *Resource, pending and complete.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Inside main, a new goroutine sends one Resource per URL to pending
|
||||
and the main goroutine receives completed Resources from complete.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
The pending and complete channels are passed to each of the Poller
|
||||
goroutines, within which they are known as in and out.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Initializing StateMonitor" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Launch the StateMonitor/,/statusInterval/">
|
||||
StateMonitor will initialize and launch a goroutine that stores the state
|
||||
of each Resource. We will look at this function in detail later.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
For now, the important thing to note is that it returns a channel of State,
|
||||
which is saved as status and passed to the Poller goroutines.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Launching Poller goroutines" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Launch some Poller/,/}/">
|
||||
Now that it has the necessary channels, main launches a number of
|
||||
Poller goroutines, passing the channels as arguments.
|
||||
The channels provide the means of communication between the main, Poller, and
|
||||
StateMonitor goroutines.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Send Resources to pending" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Send some Resources/,/}\(\)/">
|
||||
To add the initial work to the system, main starts a new goroutine
|
||||
that allocates and sends one Resource per URL to pending.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
The new goroutine is necessary because unbuffered channel sends and
|
||||
receives are synchronous. That means these channel sends will block until
|
||||
the Pollers are ready to read from pending.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Were these sends performed in the main goroutine with fewer Pollers than
|
||||
channel sends, the program would reach a deadlock situation, because
|
||||
main would not yet be receiving from complete.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Exercise for the reader: modify this part of the program to read a list of
|
||||
URLs from a file. (You may want to move this goroutine into its own
|
||||
named function.)
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Main Event Loop" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/range complete/,/\n }/">
|
||||
When a Poller is done with a Resource, it sends it on the complete channel.
|
||||
This loop receives those Resource pointers from complete.
|
||||
For each received Resource, it starts a new goroutine calling
|
||||
the Resource's Sleep method. Using a new goroutine for each
|
||||
ensures that the sleeps can happen in parallel.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Note that any single Resource pointer may only be sent on either pending or
|
||||
complete at any one time. This ensures that a Resource is either being
|
||||
handled by a Poller goroutine or sleeping, but never both simultaneously.
|
||||
In this way, we share our Resource data by communicating.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The Sleep method" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Sleep/,/\n}/">
|
||||
Sleep calls time.Sleep to pause before sending the Resource to done.
|
||||
The pause will either be of a fixed length (pollInterval) plus an
|
||||
additional delay proportional to the number of sequential errors (r.errCount).
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
This is an example of a typical Go idiom: a function intended to run inside
|
||||
a goroutine takes a channel, upon which it sends its return value
|
||||
(or other indication of completed state).
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="StateMonitor" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/StateMonitor/,/\n}/">
|
||||
The StateMonitor receives State values on a channel and periodically
|
||||
outputs the state of all Resources being polled by the program.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The updates channel" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/updates :=/">
|
||||
The variable updates is a channel of State, on which the Poller goroutines
|
||||
send State values.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
This channel is returned by the function.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The urlStatus map" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/urlStatus/">
|
||||
The variable urlStatus is a map of URLs to their most recent status.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The Ticker object" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/ticker/">
|
||||
A time.Ticker is an object that repeatedly sends a value on a channel at a
|
||||
specified interval.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
In this case, ticker triggers the printing of the current state to
|
||||
standard output every updateInterval nanoseconds.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="The StateMonitor goroutine" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/go func/,/}\(\)/">
|
||||
StateMonitor will loop forever, selecting on two channels:
|
||||
ticker.C and update. The select statement blocks until one of its
|
||||
communications is ready to proceed.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
When StateMonitor receives a tick from ticker.C, it calls logState to
|
||||
print the current state. When it receives a State update from updates,
|
||||
it records the new status in the urlStatus map.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
Notice that this goroutine owns the urlStatus data structure,
|
||||
ensuring that it can only be accessed sequentially.
|
||||
This prevents memory corruption issues that might arise from parallel reads
|
||||
and/or writes to a shared map.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<step title="Conclusion" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go">
|
||||
In this codewalk we have explored a simple example of using Go's concurrency
|
||||
primitives to share memory through communication.
|
||||
<br/><br/>
|
||||
This should provide a starting point from which to explore the ways in which
|
||||
goroutines and channels can be used to write expressive and concise concurrent
|
||||
programs.
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
</codewalk>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
|
||||
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
"time"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
const (
|
||||
numPollers = 2 // number of Poller goroutines to launch
|
||||
pollInterval = 60 * time.Second // how often to poll each URL
|
||||
statusInterval = 10 * time.Second // how often to log status to stdout
|
||||
errTimeout = 10 * time.Second // back-off timeout on error
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
var urls = []string{
|
||||
"http://www.google.com/",
|
||||
"http://golang.org/",
|
||||
"http://blog.golang.org/",
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// State represents the last-known state of a URL.
|
||||
type State struct {
|
||||
url string
|
||||
status string
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// StateMonitor maintains a map that stores the state of the URLs being
|
||||
// polled, and prints the current state every updateInterval nanoseconds.
|
||||
// It returns a chan State to which resource state should be sent.
|
||||
func StateMonitor(updateInterval time.Duration) chan<- State {
|
||||
updates := make(chan State)
|
||||
urlStatus := make(map[string]string)
|
||||
ticker := time.NewTicker(updateInterval)
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
for {
|
||||
select {
|
||||
case <-ticker.C:
|
||||
logState(urlStatus)
|
||||
case s := <-updates:
|
||||
urlStatus[s.url] = s.status
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}()
|
||||
return updates
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// logState prints a state map.
|
||||
func logState(s map[string]string) {
|
||||
log.Println("Current state:")
|
||||
for k, v := range s {
|
||||
log.Printf(" %s %s", k, v)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Resource represents an HTTP URL to be polled by this program.
|
||||
type Resource struct {
|
||||
url string
|
||||
errCount int
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Poll executes an HTTP HEAD request for url
|
||||
// and returns the HTTP status string or an error string.
|
||||
func (r *Resource) Poll() string {
|
||||
resp, err := http.Head(r.url)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
log.Println("Error", r.url, err)
|
||||
r.errCount++
|
||||
return err.Error()
|
||||
}
|
||||
r.errCount = 0
|
||||
return resp.Status
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Sleep sleeps for an appropriate interval (dependent on error state)
|
||||
// before sending the Resource to done.
|
||||
func (r *Resource) Sleep(done chan<- *Resource) {
|
||||
time.Sleep(pollInterval + errTimeout*time.Duration(r.errCount))
|
||||
done <- r
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func Poller(in <-chan *Resource, out chan<- *Resource, status chan<- State) {
|
||||
for r := range in {
|
||||
s := r.Poll()
|
||||
status <- State{r.url, s}
|
||||
out <- r
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
// Create our input and output channels.
|
||||
pending, complete := make(chan *Resource), make(chan *Resource)
|
||||
|
||||
// Launch the StateMonitor.
|
||||
status := StateMonitor(statusInterval)
|
||||
|
||||
// Launch some Poller goroutines.
|
||||
for i := 0; i < numPollers; i++ {
|
||||
go Poller(pending, complete, status)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Send some Resources to the pending queue.
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
for _, url := range urls {
|
||||
pending <- &Resource{url: url}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}()
|
||||
|
||||
for r := range complete {
|
||||
go r.Sleep(pending)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
1294
doc/contribute.html
1294
doc/contribute.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
|
|
@ -1,554 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Debugging Go Code with GDB",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/gdb"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
|
||||
set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
|
||||
<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
|
||||
Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<i>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The following instructions apply to the standard toolchain
|
||||
(the <code>gc</code> Go compiler and tools).
|
||||
Gccgo has native gdb support.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Note that
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/go-delve/delve">Delve</a> is a better
|
||||
alternative to GDB when debugging Go programs built with the standard
|
||||
toolchain. It understands the Go runtime, data structures, and
|
||||
expressions better than GDB. Delve currently supports Linux, OSX,
|
||||
and Windows on <code>amd64</code>.
|
||||
For the most up-to-date list of supported platforms, please see
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/go-delve/delve/tree/master/Documentation/installation">
|
||||
the Delve documentation</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</i>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
GDB does not understand Go programs well.
|
||||
The stack management, threading, and runtime contain aspects that differ
|
||||
enough from the execution model GDB expects that they can confuse
|
||||
the debugger and cause incorrect results even when the program is
|
||||
compiled with gccgo.
|
||||
As a consequence, although GDB can be useful in some situations (e.g.,
|
||||
debugging Cgo code, or debugging the runtime itself), it is not
|
||||
a reliable debugger for Go programs, particularly heavily concurrent
|
||||
ones. Moreover, it is not a priority for the Go project to address
|
||||
these issues, which are difficult.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In short, the instructions below should be taken only as a guide to how
|
||||
to use GDB when it works, not as a guarantee of success.
|
||||
|
||||
Besides this overview you might want to consult the
|
||||
<a href="https://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb/">GDB manual</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When you compile and link your Go programs with the <code>gc</code> toolchain
|
||||
on Linux, macOS, FreeBSD or NetBSD, the resulting binaries contain DWARFv4
|
||||
debugging information that recent versions (≥7.5) of the GDB debugger can
|
||||
use to inspect a live process or a core dump.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Pass the <code>'-w'</code> flag to the linker to omit the debug information
|
||||
(for example, <code>go</code> <code>build</code> <code>-ldflags=-w</code> <code>prog.go</code>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The code generated by the <code>gc</code> compiler includes inlining of
|
||||
function invocations and registerization of variables. These optimizations
|
||||
can sometimes make debugging with <code>gdb</code> harder.
|
||||
If you find that you need to disable these optimizations,
|
||||
build your program using <code>go</code> <code>build</code> <code>-gcflags=all="-N -l"</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If you want to use gdb to inspect a core dump, you can trigger a dump
|
||||
on a program crash, on systems that permit it, by setting
|
||||
<code>GOTRACEBACK=crash</code> in the environment (see the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#hdr-Environment_Variables"> runtime package
|
||||
documentation</a> for more info).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Common_Operations">Common Operations</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Show file and line number for code, set breakpoints and disassemble:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>list</b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>list <i>line</i></b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>list <i>file.go</i>:<i>line</i></b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>break <i>line</i></b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>break <i>file.go</i>:<i>line</i></b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>disas</b></pre>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Show backtraces and unwind stack frames:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>bt</b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>frame <i>n</i></b></pre>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Show the name, type and location on the stack frame of local variables,
|
||||
arguments and return values:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>info locals</b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>info args</b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p variable</b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>whatis variable</b></pre>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Show the name, type and location of global variables:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>info variables <i>regexp</i></b></pre>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Go_Extensions">Go Extensions</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A recent extension mechanism to GDB allows it to load extension scripts for a
|
||||
given binary. The toolchain uses this to extend GDB with a handful of
|
||||
commands to inspect internals of the runtime code (such as goroutines) and to
|
||||
pretty print the built-in map, slice and channel types.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Pretty printing a string, slice, map, channel or interface:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>p <i>var</i></b></pre>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
A $len() and $cap() function for strings, slices and maps:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>p $len(<i>var</i>)</b></pre>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
A function to cast interfaces to their dynamic types:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>p $dtype(<i>var</i>)</b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>iface <i>var</i></b></pre>
|
||||
<p class="detail"><b>Known issue:</b> GDB can’t automatically find the dynamic
|
||||
type of an interface value if its long name differs from its short name
|
||||
(annoying when printing stacktraces, the pretty printer falls back to printing
|
||||
the short type name and a pointer).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Inspecting goroutines:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>info goroutines</b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>goroutine <i>n</i> <i>cmd</i></b>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>help goroutine</b></pre>
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>goroutine 12 bt</b></pre>
|
||||
You can inspect all goroutines by passing <code>all</code> instead of a specific goroutine's ID.
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
<pre>(gdb) <b>goroutine all bt</b></pre>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If you'd like to see how this works, or want to extend it, take a look at <a
|
||||
href="/src/runtime/runtime-gdb.py">src/runtime/runtime-gdb.py</a> in
|
||||
the Go source distribution. It depends on some special magic types
|
||||
(<code>hash<T,U></code>) and variables (<code>runtime.m</code> and
|
||||
<code>runtime.g</code>) that the linker
|
||||
(<a href="/src/cmd/link/internal/ld/dwarf.go">src/cmd/link/internal/ld/dwarf.go</a>) ensures are described in
|
||||
the DWARF code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If you're interested in what the debugging information looks like, run
|
||||
<code>objdump</code> <code>-W</code> <code>a.out</code> and browse through the <code>.debug_*</code>
|
||||
sections.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Known_Issues">Known Issues</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>String pretty printing only triggers for type string, not for types derived
|
||||
from it.</li>
|
||||
<li>Type information is missing for the C parts of the runtime library.</li>
|
||||
<li>GDB does not understand Go’s name qualifications and treats
|
||||
<code>"fmt.Print"</code> as an unstructured literal with a <code>"."</code>
|
||||
that needs to be quoted. It objects even more strongly to method names of
|
||||
the form <code>pkg.(*MyType).Meth</code>.
|
||||
<li>As of Go 1.11, debug information is compressed by default.
|
||||
Older versions of gdb, such as the one available by default on MacOS,
|
||||
do not understand the compression.
|
||||
You can generate uncompressed debug information by using <code>go
|
||||
build -ldflags=-compressdwarf=false</code>.
|
||||
(For convenience you can put the <code>-ldflags</code> option in
|
||||
the <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Environment_variables"><code>GOFLAGS</code>
|
||||
environment variable</a> so that you don't have to specify it each time.)
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Tutorial">Tutorial</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In this tutorial we will inspect the binary of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/regexp/">regexp</a> package's unit tests. To build the binary,
|
||||
change to <code>$GOROOT/src/regexp</code> and run <code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-c</code>.
|
||||
This should produce an executable file named <code>regexp.test</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Getting_Started">Getting Started</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Launch GDB, debugging <code>regexp.test</code>:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ <b>gdb regexp.test</b>
|
||||
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.2-gg8
|
||||
Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
License GPLv 3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
|
||||
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for licensing/warranty details.
|
||||
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux".
|
||||
|
||||
Reading symbols from /home/user/go/src/regexp/regexp.test...
|
||||
done.
|
||||
Loading Go Runtime support.
|
||||
(gdb)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The message "Loading Go Runtime support" means that GDB loaded the
|
||||
extension from <code>$GOROOT/src/runtime/runtime-gdb.py</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To help GDB find the Go runtime sources and the accompanying support script,
|
||||
pass your <code>$GOROOT</code> with the <code>'-d'</code> flag:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ <b>gdb regexp.test -d $GOROOT</b>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If for some reason GDB still can't find that directory or that script, you can load
|
||||
it by hand by telling gdb (assuming you have the go sources in
|
||||
<code>~/go/</code>):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>source ~/go/src/runtime/runtime-gdb.py</b>
|
||||
Loading Go Runtime support.
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Inspecting_the_source">Inspecting the source</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Use the <code>"l"</code> or <code>"list"</code> command to inspect source code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>l</b>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
List a specific part of the source parameterizing <code>"list"</code> with a
|
||||
function name (it must be qualified with its package name).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>l main.main</b>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
List a specific file and line number:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>l regexp.go:1</b>
|
||||
(gdb) <i># Hit enter to repeat last command. Here, this lists next 10 lines.</i>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Naming">Naming</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Variable and function names must be qualified with the name of the packages
|
||||
they belong to. The <code>Compile</code> function from the <code>regexp</code>
|
||||
package is known to GDB as <code>'regexp.Compile'</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Methods must be qualified with the name of their receiver types. For example,
|
||||
the <code>*Regexp</code> type’s <code>String</code> method is known as
|
||||
<code>'regexp.(*Regexp).String'</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Variables that shadow other variables are magically suffixed with a number in the debug info.
|
||||
Variables referenced by closures will appear as pointers magically prefixed with '&'.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Setting_breakpoints">Setting breakpoints</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Set a breakpoint at the <code>TestFind</code> function:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>b 'regexp.TestFind'</b>
|
||||
Breakpoint 1 at 0x424908: file /home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go, line 148.
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Run the program:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>run</b>
|
||||
Starting program: /home/user/go/src/regexp/regexp.test
|
||||
|
||||
Breakpoint 1, regexp.TestFind (t=0xf8404a89c0) at /home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go:148
|
||||
148 func TestFind(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Execution has paused at the breakpoint.
|
||||
See which goroutines are running, and what they're doing:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>info goroutines</b>
|
||||
1 waiting runtime.gosched
|
||||
* 13 running runtime.goexit
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
the one marked with the <code>*</code> is the current goroutine.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Inspecting_the_stack">Inspecting the stack</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Look at the stack trace for where we’ve paused the program:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>bt</b> <i># backtrace</i>
|
||||
#0 regexp.TestFind (t=0xf8404a89c0) at /home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go:148
|
||||
#1 0x000000000042f60b in testing.tRunner (t=0xf8404a89c0, test=0x573720) at /home/user/go/src/testing/testing.go:156
|
||||
#2 0x000000000040df64 in runtime.initdone () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/proc.c:242
|
||||
#3 0x000000f8404a89c0 in ?? ()
|
||||
#4 0x0000000000573720 in ?? ()
|
||||
#5 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The other goroutine, number 1, is stuck in <code>runtime.gosched</code>, blocked on a channel receive:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>goroutine 1 bt</b>
|
||||
#0 0x000000000040facb in runtime.gosched () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/proc.c:873
|
||||
#1 0x00000000004031c9 in runtime.chanrecv (c=void, ep=void, selected=void, received=void)
|
||||
at /home/user/go/src/runtime/chan.c:342
|
||||
#2 0x0000000000403299 in runtime.chanrecv1 (t=void, c=void) at/home/user/go/src/runtime/chan.c:423
|
||||
#3 0x000000000043075b in testing.RunTests (matchString={void (struct string, struct string, bool *, error *)}
|
||||
0x7ffff7f9ef60, tests= []testing.InternalTest = {...}) at /home/user/go/src/testing/testing.go:201
|
||||
#4 0x00000000004302b1 in testing.Main (matchString={void (struct string, struct string, bool *, error *)}
|
||||
0x7ffff7f9ef80, tests= []testing.InternalTest = {...}, benchmarks= []testing.InternalBenchmark = {...})
|
||||
at /home/user/go/src/testing/testing.go:168
|
||||
#5 0x0000000000400dc1 in main.main () at /home/user/go/src/regexp/_testmain.go:98
|
||||
#6 0x00000000004022e7 in runtime.mainstart () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/amd64/asm.s:78
|
||||
#7 0x000000000040ea6f in runtime.initdone () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/proc.c:243
|
||||
#8 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The stack frame shows we’re currently executing the <code>regexp.TestFind</code> function, as expected.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>info frame</b>
|
||||
Stack level 0, frame at 0x7ffff7f9ff88:
|
||||
rip = 0x425530 in regexp.TestFind (/home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go:148);
|
||||
saved rip 0x430233
|
||||
called by frame at 0x7ffff7f9ffa8
|
||||
source language minimal.
|
||||
Arglist at 0x7ffff7f9ff78, args: t=0xf840688b60
|
||||
Locals at 0x7ffff7f9ff78, Previous frame's sp is 0x7ffff7f9ff88
|
||||
Saved registers:
|
||||
rip at 0x7ffff7f9ff80
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The command <code>info</code> <code>locals</code> lists all variables local to the function and their values, but is a bit
|
||||
dangerous to use, since it will also try to print uninitialized variables. Uninitialized slices may cause gdb to try
|
||||
to print arbitrary large arrays.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function’s arguments:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>info args</b>
|
||||
t = 0xf840688b60
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When printing the argument, notice that it’s a pointer to a
|
||||
<code>Regexp</code> value. Note that GDB has incorrectly put the <code>*</code>
|
||||
on the right-hand side of the type name and made up a 'struct' keyword, in traditional C style.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p re</b>
|
||||
(gdb) p t
|
||||
$1 = (struct testing.T *) 0xf840688b60
|
||||
(gdb) p t
|
||||
$1 = (struct testing.T *) 0xf840688b60
|
||||
(gdb) p *t
|
||||
$2 = {errors = "", failed = false, ch = 0xf8406f5690}
|
||||
(gdb) p *t->ch
|
||||
$3 = struct hchan<*testing.T>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
That <code>struct</code> <code>hchan<*testing.T></code> is the
|
||||
runtime-internal representation of a channel. It is currently empty,
|
||||
or gdb would have pretty-printed its contents.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Stepping forward:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>n</b> <i># execute next line</i>
|
||||
149 for _, test := range findTests {
|
||||
(gdb) <i># enter is repeat</i>
|
||||
150 re := MustCompile(test.pat)
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p test.pat</b>
|
||||
$4 = ""
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p re</b>
|
||||
$5 = (struct regexp.Regexp *) 0xf84068d070
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p *re</b>
|
||||
$6 = {expr = "", prog = 0xf840688b80, prefix = "", prefixBytes = []uint8, prefixComplete = true,
|
||||
prefixRune = 0, cond = 0 '\000', numSubexp = 0, longest = false, mu = {state = 0, sema = 0},
|
||||
machine = []*regexp.machine}
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p *re->prog</b>
|
||||
$7 = {Inst = []regexp/syntax.Inst = {{Op = 5 '\005', Out = 0, Arg = 0, Rune = []int}, {Op =
|
||||
6 '\006', Out = 2, Arg = 0, Rune = []int}, {Op = 4 '\004', Out = 0, Arg = 0, Rune = []int}},
|
||||
Start = 1, NumCap = 2}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We can step into the <code>String</code>function call with <code>"s"</code>:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>s</b>
|
||||
regexp.(*Regexp).String (re=0xf84068d070, noname=void) at /home/user/go/src/regexp/regexp.go:97
|
||||
97 func (re *Regexp) String() string {
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Get a stack trace to see where we are:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>bt</b>
|
||||
#0 regexp.(*Regexp).String (re=0xf84068d070, noname=void)
|
||||
at /home/user/go/src/regexp/regexp.go:97
|
||||
#1 0x0000000000425615 in regexp.TestFind (t=0xf840688b60)
|
||||
at /home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go:151
|
||||
#2 0x0000000000430233 in testing.tRunner (t=0xf840688b60, test=0x5747b8)
|
||||
at /home/user/go/src/testing/testing.go:156
|
||||
#3 0x000000000040ea6f in runtime.initdone () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/proc.c:243
|
||||
....
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Look at the source code:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>l</b>
|
||||
92 mu sync.Mutex
|
||||
93 machine []*machine
|
||||
94 }
|
||||
95
|
||||
96 // String returns the source text used to compile the regular expression.
|
||||
97 func (re *Regexp) String() string {
|
||||
98 return re.expr
|
||||
99 }
|
||||
100
|
||||
101 // Compile parses a regular expression and returns, if successful,
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Pretty_Printing">Pretty Printing</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
GDB's pretty printing mechanism is triggered by regexp matches on type names. An example for slices:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p utf</b>
|
||||
$22 = []uint8 = {0 '\000', 0 '\000', 0 '\000', 0 '\000'}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Since slices, arrays and strings are not C pointers, GDB can't interpret the subscripting operation for you, but
|
||||
you can look inside the runtime representation to do that (tab completion helps here):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p slc</b>
|
||||
$11 = []int = {0, 0}
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p slc-></b><i><TAB></i>
|
||||
array slc len
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p slc->array</b>
|
||||
$12 = (int *) 0xf84057af00
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p slc->array[1]</b>
|
||||
$13 = 0</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The extension functions $len and $cap work on strings, arrays and slices:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p $len(utf)</b>
|
||||
$23 = 4
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p $cap(utf)</b>
|
||||
$24 = 4
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Channels and maps are 'reference' types, which gdb shows as pointers to C++-like types <code>hash<int,string>*</code>. Dereferencing will trigger prettyprinting
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Interfaces are represented in the runtime as a pointer to a type descriptor and a pointer to a value. The Go GDB runtime extension decodes this and automatically triggers pretty printing for the runtime type. The extension function <code>$dtype</code> decodes the dynamic type for you (examples are taken from a breakpoint at <code>regexp.go</code> line 293.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p i</b>
|
||||
$4 = {str = "cbb"}
|
||||
(gdb) <b>whatis i</b>
|
||||
type = regexp.input
|
||||
(gdb) <b>p $dtype(i)</b>
|
||||
$26 = (struct regexp.inputBytes *) 0xf8400b4930
|
||||
(gdb) <b>iface i</b>
|
||||
regexp.input: struct regexp.inputBytes *
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,472 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Diagnostics",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
|
||||
set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
|
||||
<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
|
||||
Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Go ecosystem provides a large suite of APIs and tools to
|
||||
diagnose logic and performance problems in Go programs. This page
|
||||
summarizes the available tools and helps Go users pick the right one
|
||||
for their specific problem.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Diagnostics solutions can be categorized into the following groups:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><strong>Profiling</strong>: Profiling tools analyze the complexity and costs of a
|
||||
Go program such as its memory usage and frequently called
|
||||
functions to identify the expensive sections of a Go program.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Tracing</strong>: Tracing is a way to instrument code to analyze latency
|
||||
throughout the lifecycle of a call or user request. Traces provide an
|
||||
overview of how much latency each component contributes to the overall
|
||||
latency in a system. Traces can span multiple Go processes.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Debugging</strong>: Debugging allows us to pause a Go program and examine
|
||||
its execution. Program state and flow can be verified with debugging.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Runtime statistics and events</strong>: Collection and analysis of runtime stats and events
|
||||
provides a high-level overview of the health of Go programs. Spikes/dips of metrics
|
||||
helps us to identify changes in throughput, utilization, and performance.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Note: Some diagnostics tools may interfere with each other. For example, precise
|
||||
memory profiling skews CPU profiles and goroutine blocking profiling affects scheduler
|
||||
trace. Use tools in isolation to get more precise info.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="profiling">Profiling</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Profiling is useful for identifying expensive or frequently called sections
|
||||
of code. The Go runtime provides <a href="https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/pprof/">
|
||||
profiling data</a> in the format expected by the
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/master/doc/README.md">pprof visualization tool</a>.
|
||||
The profiling data can be collected during testing
|
||||
via <code>go</code> <code>test</code> or endpoints made available from the <a href="/pkg/net/http/pprof/">
|
||||
net/http/pprof</a> package. Users need to collect the profiling data and use pprof tools to filter
|
||||
and visualize the top code paths.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Predefined profiles provided by the <a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof">runtime/pprof</a> package:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<strong>cpu</strong>: CPU profile determines where a program spends
|
||||
its time while actively consuming CPU cycles (as opposed to while sleeping or waiting for I/O).
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<strong>heap</strong>: Heap profile reports memory allocation samples;
|
||||
used to monitor current and historical memory usage, and to check for memory leaks.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<strong>threadcreate</strong>: Thread creation profile reports the sections
|
||||
of the program that lead the creation of new OS threads.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<strong>goroutine</strong>: Goroutine profile reports the stack traces of all current goroutines.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<strong>block</strong>: Block profile shows where goroutines block waiting on synchronization
|
||||
primitives (including timer channels). Block profile is not enabled by default;
|
||||
use <code>runtime.SetBlockProfileRate</code> to enable it.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<strong>mutex</strong>: Mutex profile reports the lock contentions. When you think your
|
||||
CPU is not fully utilized due to a mutex contention, use this profile. Mutex profile
|
||||
is not enabled by default, see <code>runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction</code> to enable it.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>What other profilers can I use to profile Go programs?</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On Linux, <a href="https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Tutorial">perf tools</a>
|
||||
can be used for profiling Go programs. Perf can profile
|
||||
and unwind cgo/SWIG code and kernel, so it can be useful to get insights into
|
||||
native/kernel performance bottlenecks. On macOS,
|
||||
<a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/InstrumentsUserGuide/">Instruments</a>
|
||||
suite can be used profile Go programs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>Can I profile my production services?</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Yes. It is safe to profile programs in production, but enabling
|
||||
some profiles (e.g. the CPU profile) adds cost. You should expect to
|
||||
see performance downgrade. The performance penalty can be estimated
|
||||
by measuring the overhead of the profiler before turning it on in
|
||||
production.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
You may want to periodically profile your production services.
|
||||
Especially in a system with many replicas of a single process, selecting
|
||||
a random replica periodically is a safe option.
|
||||
Select a production process, profile it for
|
||||
X seconds for every Y seconds and save the results for visualization and
|
||||
analysis; then repeat periodically. Results may be manually and/or automatically
|
||||
reviewed to find problems.
|
||||
Collection of profiles can interfere with each other,
|
||||
so it is recommended to collect only a single profile at a time.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<strong>What are the best ways to visualize the profiling data?</strong>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Go tools provide text, graph, and <a href="http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-manual.html">callgrind</a>
|
||||
visualization of the profile data using
|
||||
<code><a href="https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/master/doc/README.md">go tool pprof</a></code>.
|
||||
Read <a href="https://blog.golang.org/profiling-go-programs">Profiling Go programs</a>
|
||||
to see them in action.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/pprof-text.png">
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<small>Listing of the most expensive calls as text.</small>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/pprof-dot.png">
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<small>Visualization of the most expensive calls as a graph.</small>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Weblist view displays the expensive parts of the source line by line in
|
||||
an HTML page. In the following example, 530ms is spent in the
|
||||
<code>runtime.concatstrings</code> and cost of each line is presented
|
||||
in the listing.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/pprof-weblist.png">
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<small>Visualization of the most expensive calls as weblist.</small>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Another way to visualize profile data is a <a href="http://www.brendangregg.com/flamegraphs.html">flame graph</a>.
|
||||
Flame graphs allow you to move in a specific ancestry path, so you can zoom
|
||||
in/out of specific sections of code.
|
||||
The <a href="https://github.com/google/pprof">upstream pprof</a>
|
||||
has support for flame graphs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/flame.png">
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<small>Flame graphs offers visualization to spot the most expensive code-paths.</small>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>Am I restricted to the built-in profiles?</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Additionally to what is provided by the runtime, Go users can create
|
||||
their custom profiles via <a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/#Profile">pprof.Profile</a>
|
||||
and use the existing tools to examine them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>Can I serve the profiler handlers (/debug/pprof/...) on a different path and port?</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Yes. The <code>net/http/pprof</code> package registers its handlers to the default
|
||||
mux by default, but you can also register them yourself by using the handlers
|
||||
exported from the package.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For example, the following example will serve the pprof.Profile
|
||||
handler on :7777 at /custom_debug_path/profile:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/http"
|
||||
"net/http/pprof"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
mux := http.NewServeMux()
|
||||
mux.HandleFunc("/custom_debug_path/profile", pprof.Profile)
|
||||
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":7777", mux))
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="tracing">Tracing</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Tracing is a way to instrument code to analyze latency throughout the
|
||||
lifecycle of a chain of calls. Go provides
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/net/trace">golang.org/x/net/trace</a>
|
||||
package as a minimal tracing backend per Go node and provides a minimal
|
||||
instrumentation library with a simple dashboard. Go also provides
|
||||
an execution tracer to trace the runtime events within an interval.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Tracing enables us to:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Instrument and analyze application latency in a Go process.</li>
|
||||
<li>Measure the cost of specific calls in a long chain of calls.</li>
|
||||
<li>Figure out the utilization and performance improvements.
|
||||
Bottlenecks are not always obvious without tracing data.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In monolithic systems, it's relatively easy to collect diagnostic data
|
||||
from the building blocks of a program. All modules live within one
|
||||
process and share common resources to report logs, errors, and other
|
||||
diagnostic information. Once your system grows beyond a single process and
|
||||
starts to become distributed, it becomes harder to follow a call starting
|
||||
from the front-end web server to all of its back-ends until a response is
|
||||
returned back to the user. This is where distributed tracing plays a big
|
||||
role to instrument and analyze your production systems.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Distributed tracing is a way to instrument code to analyze latency throughout
|
||||
the lifecycle of a user request. When a system is distributed and when
|
||||
conventional profiling and debugging tools don’t scale, you might want
|
||||
to use distributed tracing tools to analyze the performance of your user
|
||||
requests and RPCs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Distributed tracing enables us to:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Instrument and profile application latency in a large system.</li>
|
||||
<li>Track all RPCs within the lifecycle of a user request and see integration issues
|
||||
that are only visible in production.</li>
|
||||
<li>Figure out performance improvements that can be applied to our systems.
|
||||
Many bottlenecks are not obvious before the collection of tracing data.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The Go ecosystem provides various distributed tracing libraries per tracing system
|
||||
and backend-agnostic ones.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>Is there a way to automatically intercept each function call and create traces?</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go doesn’t provide a way to automatically intercept every function call and create
|
||||
trace spans. You need to manually instrument your code to create, end, and annotate spans.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>How should I propagate trace headers in Go libraries?</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
You can propagate trace identifiers and tags in the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/context#Context"><code>context.Context</code></a>.
|
||||
There is no canonical trace key or common representation of trace headers
|
||||
in the industry yet. Each tracing provider is responsible for providing propagation
|
||||
utilities in their Go libraries.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<strong>What other low-level events from the standard library or
|
||||
runtime can be included in a trace?</strong>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The standard library and runtime are trying to expose several additional APIs
|
||||
to notify on low level internal events. For example,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/httptrace#ClientTrace"><code>httptrace.ClientTrace</code></a>
|
||||
provides APIs to follow low-level events in the life cycle of an outgoing request.
|
||||
There is an ongoing effort to retrieve low-level runtime events from
|
||||
the runtime execution tracer and allow users to define and record their user events.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="debugging">Debugging</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Debugging is the process of identifying why a program misbehaves.
|
||||
Debuggers allow us to understand a program’s execution flow and current state.
|
||||
There are several styles of debugging; this section will only focus on attaching
|
||||
a debugger to a program and core dump debugging.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Go users mostly use the following debuggers:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/derekparker/delve">Delve</a>:
|
||||
Delve is a debugger for the Go programming language. It has
|
||||
support for Go’s runtime concepts and built-in types. Delve is
|
||||
trying to be a fully featured reliable debugger for Go programs.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/doc/gdb">GDB</a>:
|
||||
Go provides GDB support via the standard Go compiler and Gccgo.
|
||||
The stack management, threading, and runtime contain aspects that differ
|
||||
enough from the execution model GDB expects that they can confuse the
|
||||
debugger, even when the program is compiled with gccgo. Even though
|
||||
GDB can be used to debug Go programs, it is not ideal and may
|
||||
create confusion.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>How well do debuggers work with Go programs?</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>gc</code> compiler performs optimizations such as
|
||||
function inlining and variable registerization. These optimizations
|
||||
sometimes make debugging with debuggers harder. There is an ongoing
|
||||
effort to improve the quality of the DWARF information generated for
|
||||
optimized binaries. Until those improvements are available, we recommend
|
||||
disabling optimizations when building the code being debugged. The following
|
||||
command builds a package with no compiler optimizations:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go build -gcflags=all="-N -l"
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
As part of the improvement effort, Go 1.10 introduced a new compiler
|
||||
flag <code>-dwarflocationlists</code>. The flag causes the compiler to
|
||||
add location lists that helps debuggers work with optimized binaries.
|
||||
The following command builds a package with optimizations but with
|
||||
the DWARF location lists:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go build -gcflags="-dwarflocationlists=true"
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>What’s the recommended debugger user interface?</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Even though both delve and gdb provides CLIs, most editor integrations
|
||||
and IDEs provides debugging-specific user interfaces.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>Is it possible to do postmortem debugging with Go programs?</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A core dump file is a file that contains the memory dump of a running
|
||||
process and its process status. It is primarily used for post-mortem
|
||||
debugging of a program and to understand its state
|
||||
while it is still running. These two cases make debugging of core
|
||||
dumps a good diagnostic aid to postmortem and analyze production
|
||||
services. It is possible to obtain core files from Go programs and
|
||||
use delve or gdb to debug, see the
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/wiki/CoreDumpDebugging">core dump debugging</a>
|
||||
page for a step-by-step guide.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="runtime">Runtime statistics and events</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The runtime provides stats and reporting of internal events for
|
||||
users to diagnose performance and utilization problems at the
|
||||
runtime level.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Users can monitor these stats to better understand the overall
|
||||
health and performance of Go programs.
|
||||
Some frequently monitored stats and states:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime/#ReadMemStats">runtime.ReadMemStats</a></code>
|
||||
reports the metrics related to heap
|
||||
allocation and garbage collection. Memory stats are useful for
|
||||
monitoring how much memory resources a process is consuming,
|
||||
whether the process can utilize memory well, and to catch
|
||||
memory leaks.</li>
|
||||
<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#ReadGCStats">debug.ReadGCStats</a></code>
|
||||
reads statistics about garbage collection.
|
||||
It is useful to see how much of the resources are spent on GC pauses.
|
||||
It also reports a timeline of garbage collector pauses and pause time percentiles.</li>
|
||||
<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#Stack">debug.Stack</a></code>
|
||||
returns the current stack trace. Stack trace
|
||||
is useful to see how many goroutines are currently running,
|
||||
what they are doing, and whether they are blocked or not.</li>
|
||||
<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#WriteHeapDump">debug.WriteHeapDump</a></code>
|
||||
suspends the execution of all goroutines
|
||||
and allows you to dump the heap to a file. A heap dump is a
|
||||
snapshot of a Go process' memory at a given time. It contains all
|
||||
allocated objects as well as goroutines, finalizers, and more.</li>
|
||||
<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime#NumGoroutine">runtime.NumGoroutine</a></code>
|
||||
returns the number of current goroutines.
|
||||
The value can be monitored to see whether enough goroutines are
|
||||
utilized, or to detect goroutine leaks.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="execution-tracer">Execution tracer</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Go comes with a runtime execution tracer to capture a wide range
|
||||
of runtime events. Scheduling, syscall, garbage collections,
|
||||
heap size, and other events are collected by runtime and available
|
||||
for visualization by the go tool trace. Execution tracer is a tool
|
||||
to detect latency and utilization problems. You can examine how well
|
||||
the CPU is utilized, and when networking or syscalls are a cause of
|
||||
preemption for the goroutines.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Tracer is useful to:</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Understand how your goroutines execute.</li>
|
||||
<li>Understand some of the core runtime events such as GC runs.</li>
|
||||
<li>Identify poorly parallelized execution.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>However, it is not great for identifying hot spots such as
|
||||
analyzing the cause of excessive memory or CPU usage.
|
||||
Use profiling tools instead first to address them.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/tracer-lock.png">
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Above, the go tool trace visualization shows the execution started
|
||||
fine, and then it became serialized. It suggests that there might
|
||||
be lock contention for a shared resource that creates a bottleneck.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>See <a href="https://golang.org/cmd/trace/"><code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>trace</code></a>
|
||||
to collect and analyze runtime traces.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="godebug">GODEBUG</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Runtime also emits events and information if
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/#hdr-Environment_Variables">GODEBUG</a>
|
||||
environmental variable is set accordingly.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>GODEBUG=gctrace=1 prints garbage collector events at
|
||||
each collection, summarizing the amount of memory collected
|
||||
and the length of the pause.</li>
|
||||
<li>GODEBUG=inittrace=1 prints a summary of execution time and memory allocation
|
||||
information for completed package initialization work.</li>
|
||||
<li>GODEBUG=schedtrace=X prints scheduling events every X milliseconds.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The GODEBUG environmental variable can be used to disable use of
|
||||
instruction set extensions in the standard library and runtime.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>GODEBUG=cpu.all=off disables the use of all optional
|
||||
instruction set extensions.</li>
|
||||
<li>GODEBUG=cpu.<em>extension</em>=off disables use of instructions from the
|
||||
specified instruction set extension.<br>
|
||||
<em>extension</em> is the lower case name for the instruction set extension
|
||||
such as <em>sse41</em> or <em>avx</em>.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Editor plugins and IDEs",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This document lists commonly used editor plugins and IDEs from the Go ecosystem
|
||||
that make Go development more productive and seamless.
|
||||
A comprehensive list of editor support and IDEs for Go development is available at
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/wiki/IDEsAndTextEditorPlugins">the wiki</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="options">Options</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Go ecosystem provides a variety of editor plugins and IDEs to enhance your day-to-day
|
||||
editing, navigation, testing, and debugging experience.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/fatih/vim-go">vim</a>: vim-go plugin provides Go programming language support</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=golang.go">Visual Studio Code</a>:
|
||||
Go extension provides support for the Go programming language</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/go">GoLand</a>: GoLand is distributed either as a standalone IDE
|
||||
or as a plugin for IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://atom.io/packages/go-plus">Atom</a>: Go-Plus is an Atom package that provides enhanced Go support</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Note that these are only a few top solutions; a more comprehensive
|
||||
community-maintained list of
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/IDEsAndTextEditorPlugins">IDEs and text editor plugins</a>
|
||||
is available at the Wiki.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
|
|
@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Contributing to the gccgo frontend"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Introduction</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
These are some notes on contributing to the gccgo frontend for GCC.
|
||||
For information on contributing to parts of Go other than gccgo,
|
||||
see <a href="/doc/contribute.html">Contributing to the Go project</a>. For
|
||||
information on building gccgo for yourself,
|
||||
see <a href="/doc/gccgo_install.html">Setting up and using gccgo</a>.
|
||||
For more of the gritty details on the process of doing development
|
||||
with the gccgo frontend,
|
||||
see <a href="https://go.googlesource.com/gofrontend/+/master/HACKING">the
|
||||
file HACKING</a> in the gofrontend repository.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Legal Prerequisites</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
You must follow the <a href="/doc/contribute.html#copyright">Go copyright
|
||||
rules</a> for all changes to the gccgo frontend and the associated
|
||||
libgo library. Code that is part of GCC rather than gccgo must follow
|
||||
the general <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/contribute.html">GCC
|
||||
contribution rules</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Code</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The master sources for the gccgo frontend may be found at
|
||||
<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/gofrontend">https://go.googlesource.com/gofrontend</a>.
|
||||
They are mirrored
|
||||
at <a href="https://github.com/golang/gofrontend">https://github.com/golang/gofrontend</a>.
|
||||
The master sources are not buildable by themselves, but only in
|
||||
conjunction with GCC (in the future, other compilers may be
|
||||
supported). Changes made to the gccgo frontend are also applied to
|
||||
the GCC source code repository hosted at <code>gcc.gnu.org</code>. In
|
||||
the <code>gofrontend</code> repository, the <code>go</code> directory
|
||||
is mirrored to the <code>gcc/go/gofrontend</code> directory in the GCC
|
||||
repository, and the <code>gofrontend</code> <code>libgo</code>
|
||||
directory is mirrored to the GCC <code>libgo</code> directory. In
|
||||
addition, the <code>test</code> directory
|
||||
from <a href="//go.googlesource.com/go">the main Go repository</a>
|
||||
is mirrored to the <code>gcc/testsuite/go.test/test</code> directory
|
||||
in the GCC repository.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Changes to these directories always flow from the master sources to
|
||||
the GCC repository. The files should never be changed in the GCC
|
||||
repository except by changing them in the master sources and mirroring
|
||||
them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The gccgo frontend is written in C++.
|
||||
It follows the GNU and GCC coding standards for C++.
|
||||
In writing code for the frontend, follow the formatting of the
|
||||
surrounding code.
|
||||
Almost all GCC-specific code is not in the frontend proper and is
|
||||
instead in the GCC sources in the <code>gcc/go</code> directory.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The run-time library for gccgo is mostly the same as the library
|
||||
in <a href="//go.googlesource.com/go">the main Go repository</a>.
|
||||
The library code in the Go repository is periodically merged into
|
||||
the <code>libgo/go</code> directory of the <code>gofrontend</code> and
|
||||
then the GCC repositories, using the shell
|
||||
script <code>libgo/merge.sh</code>. Accordingly, most library changes
|
||||
should be made in the main Go repository. The files outside
|
||||
of <code>libgo/go</code> are gccgo-specific; that said, some of the
|
||||
files in <code>libgo/runtime</code> are based on files
|
||||
in <code>src/runtime</code> in the main Go repository.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Testing</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
All patches must be tested. A patch that introduces new failures is
|
||||
not acceptable.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To run the gccgo test suite, run <code>make check-go</code> in your
|
||||
build directory. This will run various tests
|
||||
under <code>gcc/testsuite/go.*</code> and will also run
|
||||
the <code>libgo</code> testsuite. This copy of the tests from the
|
||||
main Go repository is run using the DejaGNU script found
|
||||
in <code>gcc/testsuite/go.test/go-test.exp</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Most new tests should be submitted to the main Go repository for later
|
||||
mirroring into the GCC repository. If there is a need for specific
|
||||
tests for gccgo, they should go in
|
||||
the <code>gcc/testsuite/go.go-torture</code>
|
||||
or <code>gcc/testsuite/go.dg</code> directories in the GCC repository.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Submitting Changes</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Changes to the Go frontend should follow the same process as for the
|
||||
main Go repository, only for the <code>gofrontend</code> project and
|
||||
the <code>gofrontend-dev@googlegroups.com</code> mailing list
|
||||
rather than the <code>go</code> project and the
|
||||
<code>golang-dev@googlegroups.com</code> mailing list. Those changes
|
||||
will then be merged into the GCC sources.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,533 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Setting up and using gccgo",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/install/gccgo"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This document explains how to use gccgo, a compiler for
|
||||
the Go language. The gccgo compiler is a new frontend
|
||||
for GCC, the widely used GNU compiler. Although the
|
||||
frontend itself is under a BSD-style license, gccgo is
|
||||
normally used as part of GCC and is then covered by
|
||||
the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public
|
||||
License</a> (the license covers gccgo itself as part of GCC; it
|
||||
does not cover code generated by gccgo).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Note that gccgo is not the <code>gc</code> compiler; see
|
||||
the <a href="/doc/install.html">Installing Go</a> instructions for that
|
||||
compiler.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Releases">Releases</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The simplest way to install gccgo is to install a GCC binary release
|
||||
built to include Go support. GCC binary releases are available from
|
||||
<a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/install/binaries.html">various
|
||||
websites</a> and are typically included as part of GNU/Linux
|
||||
distributions. We expect that most people who build these binaries
|
||||
will include Go support.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The GCC 4.7.1 release and all later 4.7 releases include a complete
|
||||
<a href="/doc/go1.html">Go 1</a> compiler and libraries.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Due to timing, the GCC 4.8.0 and 4.8.1 releases are close to but not
|
||||
identical to Go 1.1. The GCC 4.8.2 release includes a complete Go
|
||||
1.1.2 implementation.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The GCC 4.9 releases include a complete Go 1.2 implementation.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The GCC 5 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.4
|
||||
user libraries. The Go 1.4 runtime is not fully merged, but that
|
||||
should not be visible to Go programs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The GCC 6 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.6.1
|
||||
user libraries. The Go 1.6 runtime is not fully merged, but that
|
||||
should not be visible to Go programs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The GCC 7 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.8.1
|
||||
user libraries. As with earlier releases, the Go 1.8 runtime is not
|
||||
fully merged, but that should not be visible to Go programs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The GCC 8 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.10.1
|
||||
release. The Go 1.10 runtime has now been fully merged into the GCC
|
||||
development sources, and concurrent garbage collection is fully
|
||||
supported.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The GCC 9 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.12.2
|
||||
release.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Source_code">Source code</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If you cannot use a release, or prefer to build gccgo for yourself, the
|
||||
gccgo source code is accessible via Git. The GCC web site has
|
||||
<a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/git.html">instructions for getting the GCC
|
||||
source code</a>. The gccgo source code is included. As a convenience, a
|
||||
stable version of the Go support is available in the
|
||||
<code>devel/gccgo</code> branch of the main GCC code repository:
|
||||
<code>git://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git</code>.
|
||||
This branch is periodically updated with stable Go compiler sources.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Note that although <code>gcc.gnu.org</code> is the most convenient way
|
||||
to get the source code for the Go frontend, it is not where the master
|
||||
sources live. If you want to contribute changes to the Go frontend
|
||||
compiler, see <a href="/doc/gccgo_contribute.html">Contributing to
|
||||
gccgo</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Building">Building</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Building gccgo is just like building GCC
|
||||
with one or two additional options. See
|
||||
the <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/install/">instructions on the gcc web
|
||||
site</a>. When you run <code>configure</code>, add the
|
||||
option <code>--enable-languages=c,c++,go</code> (along with other
|
||||
languages you may want to build). If you are targeting a 32-bit x86,
|
||||
then you will want to build gccgo to default to
|
||||
supporting locked compare and exchange instructions; do this by also
|
||||
using the <code>configure</code> option <code>--with-arch=i586</code>
|
||||
(or a newer architecture, depending on where you need your programs to
|
||||
run). If you are targeting a 64-bit x86, but sometimes want to use
|
||||
the <code>-m32</code> option, then use the <code>configure</code>
|
||||
option <code>--with-arch-32=i586</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Gold">Gold</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On x86 GNU/Linux systems the gccgo compiler is able to
|
||||
use a small discontiguous stack for goroutines. This permits programs
|
||||
to run many more goroutines, since each goroutine can use a relatively
|
||||
small stack. Doing this requires using the gold linker version 2.22
|
||||
or later. You can either install GNU binutils 2.22 or later, or you
|
||||
can build gold yourself.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To build gold yourself, build the GNU binutils,
|
||||
using <code>--enable-gold=default</code> when you run
|
||||
the <code>configure</code> script. Before building, you must install
|
||||
the flex and bison packages. A typical sequence would look like
|
||||
this (you can replace <code>/opt/gold</code> with any directory to
|
||||
which you have write access):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
git clone git://sourceware.org/git/binutils-gdb.git
|
||||
mkdir binutils-objdir
|
||||
cd binutils-objdir
|
||||
../binutils-gdb/configure --enable-gold=default --prefix=/opt/gold
|
||||
make
|
||||
make install
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
However you install gold, when you configure gccgo, use the
|
||||
option <code>--with-ld=<var>GOLD_BINARY</var></code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Prerequisites">Prerequisites</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A number of prerequisites are required to build GCC, as
|
||||
described on
|
||||
the <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/install/prerequisites.html">gcc web
|
||||
site</a>. It is important to install all the prerequisites before
|
||||
running the gcc <code>configure</code> script.
|
||||
The prerequisite libraries can be conveniently downloaded using the
|
||||
script <code>contrib/download_prerequisites</code> in the GCC sources.
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Build_commands">Build commands</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Once all the prerequisites are installed, then a typical build and
|
||||
install sequence would look like this (only use
|
||||
the <code>--with-ld</code> option if you are using the gold linker as
|
||||
described above):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
git clone --branch devel/gccgo git://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git gccgo
|
||||
mkdir objdir
|
||||
cd objdir
|
||||
../gccgo/configure --prefix=/opt/gccgo --enable-languages=c,c++,go --with-ld=/opt/gold/bin/ld
|
||||
make
|
||||
make install
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Using_gccgo">Using gccgo</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The gccgo compiler works like other gcc frontends. As of GCC 5 the gccgo
|
||||
installation also includes a version of the <code>go</code> command,
|
||||
which may be used to build Go programs as described at
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/cmd/go">https://golang.org/cmd/go</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To compile a file without using the <code>go</code> command:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
gccgo -c file.go
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
That produces <code>file.o</code>. To link files together to form an
|
||||
executable:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
gccgo -o file file.o
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To run the resulting file, you will need to tell the program where to
|
||||
find the compiled Go packages. There are a few ways to do this:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Set the <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> environment variable:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${prefix}/lib/gcc/MACHINE/VERSION
|
||||
[or]
|
||||
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${prefix}/lib64/gcc/MACHINE/VERSION
|
||||
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Here <code>${prefix}</code> is the <code>--prefix</code> option used
|
||||
when building gccgo. For a binary install this is
|
||||
normally <code>/usr</code>. Whether to use <code>lib</code>
|
||||
or <code>lib64</code> depends on the target.
|
||||
Typically <code>lib64</code> is correct for x86_64 systems,
|
||||
and <code>lib</code> is correct for other systems. The idea is to
|
||||
name the directory where <code>libgo.so</code> is found.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Passing a <code>-Wl,-R</code> option when you link (replace lib with
|
||||
lib64 if appropriate for your system):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
go build -gccgoflags -Wl,-R,${prefix}/lib/gcc/MACHINE/VERSION
|
||||
[or]
|
||||
gccgo -o file file.o -Wl,-R,${prefix}/lib/gcc/MACHINE/VERSION
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Use the <code>-static-libgo</code> option to link statically against
|
||||
the compiled packages.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Use the <code>-static</code> option to do a fully static link (the
|
||||
default for the <code>gc</code> compiler).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Options">Options</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The gccgo compiler supports all GCC options
|
||||
that are language independent, notably the <code>-O</code>
|
||||
and <code>-g</code> options.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>-fgo-pkgpath=PKGPATH</code> option may be used to set a
|
||||
unique prefix for the package being compiled.
|
||||
This option is automatically used by the go command, but you may want
|
||||
to use it if you invoke gccgo directly.
|
||||
This option is intended for use with large
|
||||
programs that contain many packages, in order to allow multiple
|
||||
packages to use the same identifier as the package name.
|
||||
The <code>PKGPATH</code> may be any string; a good choice for the
|
||||
string is the path used to import the package.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>-I</code> and <code>-L</code> options, which are synonyms
|
||||
for the compiler, may be used to set the search path for finding
|
||||
imports.
|
||||
These options are not needed if you build with the go command.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Imports">Imports</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When you compile a file that exports something, the export
|
||||
information will be stored directly in the object file.
|
||||
If you build with gccgo directly, rather than with the go command,
|
||||
then when you import a package, you must tell gccgo how to find the
|
||||
file.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When you import the package <var>FILE</var> with gccgo,
|
||||
it will look for the import data in the following files, and use the
|
||||
first one that it finds.
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><code><var>FILE</var>.gox</code>
|
||||
<li><code>lib<var>FILE</var>.so</code>
|
||||
<li><code>lib<var>FILE</var>.a</code>
|
||||
<li><code><var>FILE</var>.o</code>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<code><var>FILE</var>.gox</code>, when used, will typically contain
|
||||
nothing but export data. This can be generated from
|
||||
<code><var>FILE</var>.o</code> via
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
objcopy -j .go_export FILE.o FILE.gox
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The gccgo compiler will look in the current
|
||||
directory for import files. In more complex scenarios you
|
||||
may pass the <code>-I</code> or <code>-L</code> option to
|
||||
gccgo. Both options take directories to search. The
|
||||
<code>-L</code> option is also passed to the linker.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The gccgo compiler does not currently (2015-06-15) record
|
||||
the file name of imported packages in the object file. You must
|
||||
arrange for the imported data to be linked into the program.
|
||||
Again, this is not necessary when building with the go command.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
gccgo -c mypackage.go # Exports mypackage
|
||||
gccgo -c main.go # Imports mypackage
|
||||
gccgo -o main main.o mypackage.o # Explicitly links with mypackage.o
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="Debugging">Debugging</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If you use the <code>-g</code> option when you compile, you can run
|
||||
<code>gdb</code> on your executable. The debugger has only limited
|
||||
knowledge about Go. You can set breakpoints, single-step,
|
||||
etc. You can print variables, but they will be printed as though they
|
||||
had C/C++ types. For numeric types this doesn't matter. Go strings
|
||||
and interfaces will show up as two-element structures. Go
|
||||
maps and channels are always represented as C pointers to run-time
|
||||
structures.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="C_Interoperability">C Interoperability</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When using gccgo there is limited interoperability with C,
|
||||
or with C++ code compiled using <code>extern "C"</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Types">Types</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Basic types map directly: an <code>int32</code> in Go is
|
||||
an <code>int32_t</code> in C, an <code>int64</code> is
|
||||
an <code>int64_t</code>, etc.
|
||||
The Go type <code>int</code> is an integer that is the same size as a
|
||||
pointer, and as such corresponds to the C type <code>intptr_t</code>.
|
||||
Go <code>byte</code> is equivalent to C <code>unsigned char</code>.
|
||||
Pointers in Go are pointers in C.
|
||||
A Go <code>struct</code> is the same as C <code>struct</code> with the
|
||||
same fields and types.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Go <code>string</code> type is currently defined as a two-element
|
||||
structure (this is <b style="color: red;">subject to change</b>):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
struct __go_string {
|
||||
const unsigned char *__data;
|
||||
intptr_t __length;
|
||||
};
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
You can't pass arrays between C and Go. However, a pointer to an
|
||||
array in Go is equivalent to a C pointer to the
|
||||
equivalent of the element type.
|
||||
For example, Go <code>*[10]int</code> is equivalent to C <code>int*</code>,
|
||||
assuming that the C pointer does point to 10 elements.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A slice in Go is a structure. The current definition is
|
||||
(this is <b style="color: red;">subject to change</b>):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
struct __go_slice {
|
||||
void *__values;
|
||||
intptr_t __count;
|
||||
intptr_t __capacity;
|
||||
};
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The type of a Go function is a pointer to a struct (this is
|
||||
<b style="color: red;">subject to change</b>). The first field in the
|
||||
struct points to the code of the function, which will be equivalent to
|
||||
a pointer to a C function whose parameter types are equivalent, with
|
||||
an additional trailing parameter. The trailing parameter is the
|
||||
closure, and the argument to pass is a pointer to the Go function
|
||||
struct.
|
||||
|
||||
When a Go function returns more than one value, the C function returns
|
||||
a struct. For example, these functions are roughly equivalent:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func GoFunction(int) (int, float64)
|
||||
struct { int i; float64 f; } CFunction(int, void*)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go <code>interface</code>, <code>channel</code>, and <code>map</code>
|
||||
types have no corresponding C type (<code>interface</code> is a
|
||||
two-element struct and <code>channel</code> and <code>map</code> are
|
||||
pointers to structs in C, but the structs are deliberately undocumented). C
|
||||
<code>enum</code> types correspond to some integer type, but precisely
|
||||
which one is difficult to predict in general; use a cast. C <code>union</code>
|
||||
types have no corresponding Go type. C <code>struct</code> types containing
|
||||
bitfields have no corresponding Go type. C++ <code>class</code> types have
|
||||
no corresponding Go type.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Memory allocation is completely different between C and Go, as Go uses
|
||||
garbage collection. The exact guidelines in this area are undetermined,
|
||||
but it is likely that it will be permitted to pass a pointer to allocated
|
||||
memory from C to Go. The responsibility of eventually freeing the pointer
|
||||
will remain with C side, and of course if the C side frees the pointer
|
||||
while the Go side still has a copy the program will fail. When passing a
|
||||
pointer from Go to C, the Go function must retain a visible copy of it in
|
||||
some Go variable. Otherwise the Go garbage collector may delete the
|
||||
pointer while the C function is still using it.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Function_names">Function names</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go code can call C functions directly using a Go extension implemented
|
||||
in gccgo: a function declaration may be preceded by
|
||||
<code>//extern NAME</code>. For example, here is how the C function
|
||||
<code>open</code> can be declared in Go:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
//extern open
|
||||
func c_open(name *byte, mode int, perm int) int
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The C function naturally expects a NUL-terminated string, which in
|
||||
Go is equivalent to a pointer to an array (not a slice!) of
|
||||
<code>byte</code> with a terminating zero byte. So a sample call
|
||||
from Go would look like (after importing the <code>syscall</code> package):
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
var name = [4]byte{'f', 'o', 'o', 0};
|
||||
i := c_open(&name[0], syscall.O_RDONLY, 0);
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
(this serves as an example only, to open a file in Go please use Go's
|
||||
<code>os.Open</code> function instead).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Note that if the C function can block, such as in a call
|
||||
to <code>read</code>, calling the C function may block the Go program.
|
||||
Unless you have a clear understanding of what you are doing, all calls
|
||||
between C and Go should be implemented through cgo or SWIG, as for
|
||||
the <code>gc</code> compiler.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The name of Go functions accessed from C is subject to change. At present
|
||||
the name of a Go function that does not have a receiver is
|
||||
<code>prefix.package.Functionname</code>. The prefix is set by
|
||||
the <code>-fgo-prefix</code> option used when the package is compiled;
|
||||
if the option is not used, the default is <code>go</code>.
|
||||
To call the function from C you must set the name using
|
||||
a GCC extension.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
extern int go_function(int) __asm__ ("myprefix.mypackage.Function");
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Automatic_generation_of_Go_declarations_from_C_source_code">
|
||||
Automatic generation of Go declarations from C source code</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Go version of GCC supports automatically generating
|
||||
Go declarations from C code. The facility is rather awkward, and most
|
||||
users should use the <a href="/cmd/cgo">cgo</a> program with
|
||||
the <code>-gccgo</code> option instead.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Compile your C code as usual, and add the option
|
||||
<code>-fdump-go-spec=<var>FILENAME</var></code>. This will create the
|
||||
file <code><var>FILENAME</var></code> as a side effect of the
|
||||
compilation. This file will contain Go declarations for the types,
|
||||
variables and functions declared in the C code. C types that can not
|
||||
be represented in Go will be recorded as comments in the Go code. The
|
||||
generated file will not have a <code>package</code> declaration, but
|
||||
can otherwise be compiled directly by gccgo.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This procedure is full of unstated caveats and restrictions and we make no
|
||||
guarantee that it will not change in the future. It is more useful as a
|
||||
starting point for real Go code than as a regular procedure.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 8.6 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 9.1 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 21 KiB |
1099
doc/go1.1.html
1099
doc/go1.1.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
1448
doc/go1.10.html
1448
doc/go1.10.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
934
doc/go1.11.html
934
doc/go1.11.html
|
|
@ -1,934 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Go 1.11 Release Notes",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/go1.11",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
|
||||
set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
|
||||
<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
|
||||
Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.11</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The latest Go release, version 1.11, arrives six months after <a href="go1.10">Go 1.10</a>.
|
||||
Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries.
|
||||
As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise of compatibility</a>.
|
||||
We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There are no changes to the language specification.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> <!-- CL 94255, CL 115038, etc -->
|
||||
As <a href="go1.10#ports">announced in the Go 1.10 release notes</a>, Go 1.11 now requires
|
||||
OpenBSD 6.2 or later, macOS 10.10 Yosemite or later, or Windows 7 or later;
|
||||
support for previous versions of these operating systems has been removed.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> <!-- CL 121657 -->
|
||||
Go 1.11 supports the upcoming OpenBSD 6.4 release. Due to changes in
|
||||
the OpenBSD kernel, older versions of Go will not work on OpenBSD 6.4.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There are <a href="https://golang.org/issue/25206">known issues</a> with NetBSD on i386 hardware.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 107935 -->
|
||||
The race detector is now supported on <code>linux/ppc64le</code>
|
||||
and, to a lesser extent, on <code>netbsd/amd64</code>. The NetBSD race detector support
|
||||
has <a href="https://golang.org/issue/26403">known issues</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 109255 -->
|
||||
The memory sanitizer (<code>-msan</code>) is now supported on <code>linux/arm64</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 93875 -->
|
||||
The build modes <code>c-shared</code> and <code>c-archive</code> are now supported on
|
||||
<code>freebsd/amd64</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="mips"><!-- CL 108475 -->
|
||||
On 64-bit MIPS systems, the new environment variable settings
|
||||
<code>GOMIPS64=hardfloat</code> (the default) and
|
||||
<code>GOMIPS64=softfloat</code> select whether to use
|
||||
hardware instructions or software emulation for floating-point computations.
|
||||
For 32-bit systems, the environment variable is still <code>GOMIPS</code>,
|
||||
as <a href="go1.10#mips">added in Go 1.10</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 107475 -->
|
||||
On soft-float ARM systems (<code>GOARM=5</code>), Go now uses a more
|
||||
efficient software floating point interface. This is transparent to
|
||||
Go code, but ARM assembly that uses floating-point instructions not
|
||||
guarded on GOARM will break and must be ported to
|
||||
the <a href="https://golang.org/cl/107475">new interface</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 94076 -->
|
||||
Go 1.11 on ARMv7 no longer requires a Linux kernel configured
|
||||
with <code>KUSER_HELPERS</code>. This setting is enabled in default
|
||||
kernel configurations, but is sometimes disabled in stripped-down
|
||||
configurations.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="wasm">WebAssembly</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.11 adds an experimental port to <a href="https://webassembly.org">WebAssembly</a>
|
||||
(<code>js/wasm</code>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go programs currently compile to one WebAssembly module that
|
||||
includes the Go runtime for goroutine scheduling, garbage
|
||||
collection, maps, etc.
|
||||
As a result, the resulting size is at minimum around
|
||||
2 MB, or 500 KB compressed. Go programs can call into JavaScript
|
||||
using the new experimental
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/"><code>syscall/js</code></a> package.
|
||||
Binary size and interop with other languages has not yet been a
|
||||
priority but may be addressed in future releases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As a result of the addition of the new <code>GOOS</code> value
|
||||
"<code>js</code>" and <code>GOARCH</code> value "<code>wasm</code>",
|
||||
Go files named <code>*_js.go</code> or <code>*_wasm.go</code> will
|
||||
now be <a href="/pkg/go/build/#hdr-Build_Constraints">ignored by Go
|
||||
tools</a> except when those GOOS/GOARCH values are being used.
|
||||
If you have existing filenames matching those patterns, you will need to rename them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
More information can be found on the
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/wiki/WebAssembly">WebAssembly wiki page</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="riscv">RISC-V GOARCH values reserved</h3>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 106256 -->
|
||||
The main Go compiler does not yet support the RISC-V architecture <!-- is gonna change everything -->
|
||||
but we've reserved the <code>GOARCH</code> values
|
||||
"<code>riscv</code>" and "<code>riscv64</code>", as used by Gccgo,
|
||||
which does support RISC-V. This means that Go files
|
||||
named <code>*_riscv.go</code> will now also
|
||||
be <a href="/pkg/go/build/#hdr-Build_Constraints">ignored by Go
|
||||
tools</a> except when those GOOS/GOARCH values are being used.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="modules">Modules, package versioning, and dependency management</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.11 adds preliminary support for a <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Modules__module_versions__and_more">new concept called “modules,”</a>
|
||||
an alternative to GOPATH with integrated support for versioning and
|
||||
package distribution.
|
||||
Using modules, developers are no longer confined to working inside GOPATH,
|
||||
version dependency information is explicit yet lightweight,
|
||||
and builds are more reliable and reproducible.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Module support is considered experimental.
|
||||
Details are likely to change in response to feedback from Go 1.11 users,
|
||||
and we have more tools planned.
|
||||
Although the details of module support may change, projects that convert
|
||||
to modules using Go 1.11 will continue to work with Go 1.12 and later.
|
||||
If you encounter bugs using modules,
|
||||
please <a href="https://golang.org/issue/new">file issues</a>
|
||||
so we can fix them. For more information, see the
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go#hdr-Modules__module_versions__and_more"><code>go</code> command documentation</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="importpath">Import path restriction</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Because Go module support assigns special meaning to the
|
||||
<code>@</code> symbol in command line operations,
|
||||
the <code>go</code> command now disallows the use of
|
||||
import paths containing <code>@</code> symbols.
|
||||
Such import paths were never allowed by <code>go</code> <code>get</code>,
|
||||
so this restriction can only affect users building
|
||||
custom GOPATH trees by other means.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gopackages">Package loading</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The new package
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/go/packages"><code>golang.org/x/tools/go/packages</code></a>
|
||||
provides a simple API for locating and loading packages of Go source code.
|
||||
Although not yet part of the standard library, for many tasks it
|
||||
effectively replaces the <a href="/pkg/go/build"><code>go/build</code></a>
|
||||
package, whose API is unable to fully support modules.
|
||||
Because it runs an external query command such as
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-List_packages"><code>go list</code></a>
|
||||
to obtain information about Go packages, it enables the construction of
|
||||
analysis tools that work equally well with alternative build systems
|
||||
such as <a href="https://bazel.build">Bazel</a>
|
||||
and <a href="https://buckbuild.com">Buck</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gocache">Build cache requirement</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.11 will be the last release to support setting the environment
|
||||
variable <code>GOCACHE=off</code> to disable the
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Build_and_test_caching">build cache</a>,
|
||||
introduced in Go 1.10.
|
||||
Starting in Go 1.12, the build cache will be required,
|
||||
as a step toward eliminating <code>$GOPATH/pkg</code>.
|
||||
The module and package loading support described above
|
||||
already require that the build cache be enabled.
|
||||
If you have disabled the build cache to avoid problems you encountered,
|
||||
please <a href="https://golang.org/issue/new">file an issue</a> to let us know about them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="compiler">Compiler toolchain</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 109918 -->
|
||||
More functions are now eligible for inlining by default, including
|
||||
functions that call <code>panic</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 97375 -->
|
||||
The compiler toolchain now supports column information
|
||||
in <a href="/cmd/compile/#hdr-Compiler_Directives">line
|
||||
directives</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 106797 -->
|
||||
A new package export data format has been introduced.
|
||||
This should be transparent to end users, except for speeding up
|
||||
build times for large Go projects.
|
||||
If it does cause problems, it can be turned off again by
|
||||
passing <code>-gcflags=all=-iexport=false</code> to
|
||||
the <code>go</code> tool when building a binary.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 100459 -->
|
||||
The compiler now rejects unused variables declared in a type switch
|
||||
guard, such as <code>x</code> in the following example:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func f(v interface{}) {
|
||||
switch x := v.(type) {
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This was already rejected by both <code>gccgo</code>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/go/types/">go/types</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="assembler">Assembler</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 113315 -->
|
||||
The assembler for <code>amd64</code> now accepts AVX512 instructions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="debugging">Debugging</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 100738, CL 93664 -->
|
||||
The compiler now produces significantly more accurate debug
|
||||
information for optimized binaries, including variable location
|
||||
information, line numbers, and breakpoint locations.
|
||||
|
||||
This should make it possible to debug binaries
|
||||
compiled <em>without</em> <code>-N</code> <code>-l</code>.
|
||||
|
||||
There are still limitations to the quality of the debug information,
|
||||
some of which are fundamental, and some of which will continue to
|
||||
improve with future releases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 118276 -->
|
||||
DWARF sections are now compressed by default because of the expanded
|
||||
and more accurate debug information produced by the compiler.
|
||||
|
||||
This is transparent to most ELF tools (such as debuggers on Linux
|
||||
and *BSD) and is supported by the Delve debugger on all platforms,
|
||||
but has limited support in the native tools on macOS and Windows.
|
||||
|
||||
To disable DWARF compression,
|
||||
pass <code>-ldflags=-compressdwarf=false</code> to
|
||||
the <code>go</code> tool when building a binary.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 109699 -->
|
||||
Go 1.11 adds experimental support for calling Go functions from
|
||||
within a debugger.
|
||||
|
||||
This is useful, for example, to call <code>String</code> methods
|
||||
when paused at a breakpoint.
|
||||
|
||||
This is currently only supported by Delve (version 1.1.0 and up).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="test">Test</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Since Go 1.10, the <code>go</code> <code>test</code> command runs
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>vet</code> on the package being tested,
|
||||
to identify problems before running the test. Since <code>vet</code>
|
||||
typechecks the code with <a href="/pkg/go/types/">go/types</a>
|
||||
before running, tests that do not typecheck will now fail.
|
||||
|
||||
In particular, tests that contain an unused variable inside a
|
||||
closure compiled with Go 1.10, because the Go compiler incorrectly
|
||||
accepted them (<a href="https://golang.org/issues/3059">Issue #3059</a>),
|
||||
but will now fail, since <code>go/types</code> correctly reports an
|
||||
"unused variable" error in this case.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 102696 -->
|
||||
The <code>-memprofile</code> flag
|
||||
to <code>go</code> <code>test</code> now defaults to the
|
||||
"allocs" profile, which records the total bytes allocated since the
|
||||
test began (including garbage-collected bytes).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="vet">Vet</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 108555 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/vet/"><code>go</code> <code>vet</code></a>
|
||||
command now reports a fatal error when the package under analysis
|
||||
does not typecheck. Previously, a type checking error simply caused
|
||||
a warning to be printed, and <code>vet</code> to exit with status 1.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 108559 -->
|
||||
Additionally, <a href="/cmd/vet"><code>go</code> <code>vet</code></a>
|
||||
has become more robust when format-checking <code>printf</code> wrappers.
|
||||
Vet now detects the mistake in this example:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func wrapper(s string, args ...interface{}) {
|
||||
fmt.Printf(s, args...)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
wrapper("%s", 42)
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="trace">Trace</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 63274 -->
|
||||
With the new <code>runtime/trace</code>
|
||||
package's <a href="/pkg/runtime/trace/#hdr-User_annotation">user
|
||||
annotation API</a>, users can record application-level information
|
||||
in execution traces and create groups of related goroutines.
|
||||
The <code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>trace</code>
|
||||
command visualizes this information in the trace view and the new
|
||||
user task/region analysis page.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="cgo">Cgo</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Since Go 1.10, cgo has translated some C pointer types to the Go
|
||||
type <code>uintptr</code>. These types include
|
||||
the <code>CFTypeRef</code> hierarchy in Darwin's CoreFoundation
|
||||
framework and the <code>jobject</code> hierarchy in Java's JNI
|
||||
interface. In Go 1.11, several improvements have been made to the code
|
||||
that detects these types. Code that uses these types may need some
|
||||
updating. See the <a href="go1.10.html#cgo">Go 1.10 release notes</a> for
|
||||
details. <!-- CL 126275, CL 127156, CL 122217, CL 122575, CL 123177 -->
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="go_command">Go command</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 126656 -->
|
||||
The environment variable <code>GOFLAGS</code> may now be used
|
||||
to set default flags for the <code>go</code> command.
|
||||
This is useful in certain situations.
|
||||
Linking can be noticeably slower on underpowered systems due to DWARF,
|
||||
and users may want to set <code>-ldflags=-w</code> by default.
|
||||
For modules, some users and CI systems will want vendoring always,
|
||||
so they should set <code>-mod=vendor</code> by default.
|
||||
For more information, see the <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Environment_variables"><code>go</code>
|
||||
command documentation</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="godoc">Godoc</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.11 will be the last release to support <code>godoc</code>'s command-line interface.
|
||||
In future releases, <code>godoc</code> will only be a web server. Users should use
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>doc</code> for command-line help output instead.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 85396, CL 124495 -->
|
||||
The <code>godoc</code> web server now shows which version of Go introduced
|
||||
new API features. The initial Go version of types, funcs, and methods are shown
|
||||
right-aligned. For example, see <a href="/pkg/os/#UserCacheDir"><code>UserCacheDir</code></a>, with "1.11"
|
||||
on the right side. For struct fields, inline comments are added when the struct field was
|
||||
added in a Go version other than when the type itself was introduced.
|
||||
For a struct field example, see
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/httptrace/#ClientTrace.Got1xxResponse"><code>ClientTrace.Got1xxResponse</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gofmt">Gofmt</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
One minor detail of the default formatting of Go source code has changed.
|
||||
When formatting expression lists with inline comments, the comments were
|
||||
aligned according to a heuristic.
|
||||
However, in some cases the alignment would be split up too easily, or
|
||||
introduce too much whitespace.
|
||||
The heuristic has been changed to behave better for human-written code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Note that these kinds of minor updates to gofmt are expected from time to
|
||||
time.
|
||||
In general, systems that need consistent formatting of Go source code should
|
||||
use a specific version of the <code>gofmt</code> binary.
|
||||
See the <a href="/pkg/go/format/">go/format</a> package documentation for more
|
||||
information.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="run">Run</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<!-- CL 109341 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go</code> <code>run</code></a>
|
||||
command now allows a single import path, a directory name or a
|
||||
pattern matching a single package.
|
||||
This allows <code>go</code> <code>run</code> <code>pkg</code> or <code>go</code> <code>run</code> <code>dir</code>, most importantly <code>go</code> <code>run</code> <code>.</code>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 85887 -->
|
||||
The runtime now uses a sparse heap layout so there is no longer a
|
||||
limit to the size of the Go heap (previously, the limit was 512GiB).
|
||||
This also fixes rare "address space conflict" failures in mixed Go/C
|
||||
binaries or binaries compiled with <code>-race</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 108679, CL 106156 -->
|
||||
On macOS and iOS, the runtime now uses <code>libSystem.dylib</code> instead of
|
||||
calling the kernel directly. This should make Go binaries more
|
||||
compatible with future versions of macOS and iOS.
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/syscall">syscall</a> package still makes direct
|
||||
system calls; fixing this is planned for a future release.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="performance">Performance</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As always, the changes are so general and varied that precise
|
||||
statements about performance are difficult to make. Most programs
|
||||
should run a bit faster, due to better generated code and
|
||||
optimizations in the core library.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 74851 -->
|
||||
There were multiple performance changes to the <code>math/big</code>
|
||||
package as well as many changes across the tree specific to <code>GOARCH=arm64</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="performance-compiler">Compiler toolchain</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 110055 -->
|
||||
The compiler now optimizes map clearing operations of the form:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
for k := range m {
|
||||
delete(m, k)
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 109517 -->
|
||||
The compiler now optimizes slice extension of the form
|
||||
<code>append(s,</code> <code>make([]T,</code> <code>n)...)</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 100277, CL 105635, CL 109776 -->
|
||||
The compiler now performs significantly more aggressive bounds-check
|
||||
and branch elimination. Notably, it now recognizes transitive
|
||||
relations, so if <code>i<j</code> and <code>j<len(s)</code>,
|
||||
it can use these facts to eliminate the bounds check
|
||||
for <code>s[i]</code>. It also understands simple arithmetic such
|
||||
as <code>s[i-10]</code> and can recognize more inductive cases in
|
||||
loops. Furthermore, the compiler now uses bounds information to more
|
||||
aggressively optimize shift operations.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
All of the changes to the standard library are minor.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
|
||||
made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
|
||||
in mind.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- CL 115095: https://golang.org/cl/115095: yes (`go test pkg` now always builds pkg even if there are no test files): cmd/go: output coverage report even if there are no test files -->
|
||||
<!-- CL 110395: https://golang.org/cl/110395: cmd/go, cmd/compile: use Windows response files to avoid arg length limits -->
|
||||
<!-- CL 112436: https://golang.org/cl/112436: cmd/pprof: add readline support similar to upstream -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/">crypto</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 64451 -->
|
||||
Certain crypto operations, including
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/ecdsa/#Sign"><code>ecdsa.Sign</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/#EncryptPKCS1v15"><code>rsa.EncryptPKCS1v15</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/#GenerateKey"><code>rsa.GenerateKey</code></a>,
|
||||
now randomly read an extra byte of randomness to ensure tests don't rely on internal behavior.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/cipher"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/cipher/">crypto/cipher</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 48510, CL 116435 -->
|
||||
The new function <a href="/pkg/crypto/cipher/#NewGCMWithTagSize"><code>NewGCMWithTagSize</code></a>
|
||||
implements Galois Counter Mode with non-standard tag lengths for compatibility with existing cryptosystems.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/cipher -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/rsa"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/">crypto/rsa</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 103876 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/#PublicKey"><code>PublicKey</code></a> now implements a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/#PublicKey.Size"><code>Size</code></a> method that
|
||||
returns the modulus size in bytes.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/rsa -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 85115 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ConnectionState"><code>ConnectionState</code></a>'s new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ConnectionState.ExportKeyingMaterial"><code>ExportKeyingMaterial</code></a>
|
||||
method allows exporting keying material bound to the
|
||||
connection according to RFC 5705.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/x509"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/">crypto/x509</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 123355, CL 123695 -->
|
||||
The deprecated, legacy behavior of treating the <code>CommonName</code> field as
|
||||
a hostname when no Subject Alternative Names are present is now disabled when the CN is not a
|
||||
valid hostname.
|
||||
The <code>CommonName</code> can be completely ignored by adding the experimental value
|
||||
<code>x509ignoreCN=1</code> to the <code>GODEBUG</code> environment variable.
|
||||
When the CN is ignored, certificates without SANs validate under chains with name constraints
|
||||
instead of returning <code>NameConstraintsWithoutSANs</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 113475 -->
|
||||
Extended key usage restrictions are again checked only if they appear in the <code>KeyUsages</code>
|
||||
field of <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#VerifyOptions"><code>VerifyOptions</code></a>, instead of always being checked.
|
||||
This matches the behavior of Go 1.9 and earlier.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 102699 -->
|
||||
The value returned by <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#SystemCertPool"><code>SystemCertPool</code></a>
|
||||
is now cached and might not reflect system changes between invocations.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/x509 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="debug/elf"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/elf/">debug/elf</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 112115 -->
|
||||
More <a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#ELFOSABI_NONE"><code>ELFOSABI</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#EM_NONE"><code>EM</code></a>
|
||||
constants have been added.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- debug/elf -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="encoding/asn1"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/">encoding/asn1</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 110561 -->
|
||||
<code>Marshal</code> and <code><a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#Unmarshal">Unmarshal</a></code>
|
||||
now support "private" class annotations for fields.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- encoding/asn1 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="encoding/base32"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/base32/">encoding/base32</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 112516 -->
|
||||
The decoder now consistently
|
||||
returns <code>io.ErrUnexpectedEOF</code> for an incomplete
|
||||
chunk. Previously it would return <code>io.EOF</code> in some
|
||||
cases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- encoding/base32 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="encoding/csv"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/">encoding/csv</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 99696 -->
|
||||
The <code>Reader</code> now rejects attempts to set
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/#Reader.Comma"><code>Comma</code></a>
|
||||
field to a double-quote character, as double-quote characters
|
||||
already have a special meaning in CSV.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- encoding/csv -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- CL 100235 was reverted -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="html/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/html/template/">html/template</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 121815 -->
|
||||
The package has changed its behavior when a typed interface
|
||||
value is passed to an implicit escaper function. Previously such
|
||||
a value was written out as (an escaped form)
|
||||
of <code><nil></code>. Now such values are ignored, just
|
||||
as an untyped <code>nil</code> value is (and always has been)
|
||||
ignored.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- html/template -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="image/gif"><dt><a href="/pkg/image/gif/">image/gif</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 93076 -->
|
||||
Non-looping animated GIFs are now supported. They are denoted by having a
|
||||
<code><a href="/pkg/image/gif/#GIF.LoopCount">LoopCount</a></code> of -1.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- image/gif -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="io/ioutil"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/">io/ioutil</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 105675 -->
|
||||
The <code><a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/#TempFile">TempFile</a></code>
|
||||
function now supports specifying where the random characters in
|
||||
the filename are placed. If the <code>prefix</code> argument
|
||||
includes a "<code>*</code>", the random string replaces the
|
||||
"<code>*</code>". For example, a <code>prefix</code> argument of "<code>myname.*.bat</code>" will
|
||||
result in a random filename such as
|
||||
"<code>myname.123456.bat</code>". If no "<code>*</code>" is
|
||||
included the old behavior is retained, and the random digits are
|
||||
appended to the end.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- io/ioutil -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="math/big"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/big/">math/big</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 108996 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int.ModInverse"><code>ModInverse</code></a> now returns nil when g and n are not relatively prime. The result was previously undefined.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- math/big -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="mime/multipart"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/">mime/multipart</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 121055 -->
|
||||
The handling of form-data with missing/empty file names has been
|
||||
restored to the behavior in Go 1.9: in the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Form"><code>Form</code></a> for
|
||||
the form-data part the value is available in
|
||||
the <code>Value</code> field rather than the <code>File</code>
|
||||
field. In Go releases 1.10 through 1.10.3 a form-data part with
|
||||
a missing/empty file name and a non-empty "Content-Type" field
|
||||
was stored in the <code>File</code> field. This change was a
|
||||
mistake in 1.10 and has been reverted to the 1.9 behavior.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- mime/multipart -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="mime/quotedprintable"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/quotedprintable/">mime/quotedprintable</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 121095 -->
|
||||
To support invalid input found in the wild, the package now
|
||||
permits non-ASCII bytes but does not validate their encoding.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- mime/quotedprintable -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 72810 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/net/#ListenConfig"><code>ListenConfig</code></a> type and the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.Control"><code>Dialer.Control</code></a> field permit
|
||||
setting socket options before accepting and creating connections, respectively.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 76391 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/syscall/#RawConn"><code>syscall.RawConn</code></a> <code>Read</code>
|
||||
and <code>Write</code> methods now work correctly on Windows.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 107715 -->
|
||||
The <code>net</code> package now automatically uses the
|
||||
<a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/splice.2.html"><code>splice</code> system call</a>
|
||||
on Linux when copying data between TCP connections in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#TCPConn.ReadFrom"><code>TCPConn.ReadFrom</code></a>, as called by
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/#Copy"><code>io.Copy</code></a>. The result is faster, more efficient TCP proxying.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 108297 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/#TCPConn.File"><code>TCPConn.File</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#UDPConn.File"><code>UDPConn.File</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#UnixCOnn.File"><code>UnixConn.File</code></a>,
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/net/#IPConn.File"><code>IPConn.File</code></a>
|
||||
methods no longer put the returned <code>*os.File</code> into
|
||||
blocking mode.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- net -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 71272 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a> type has a
|
||||
new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.MaxConnsPerHost"><code>MaxConnsPerHost</code></a>
|
||||
option that permits limiting the maximum number of connections
|
||||
per host.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 79919 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Cookie"><code>Cookie</code></a> type has a new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Cookie.SameSite"><code>SameSite</code></a> field
|
||||
(of new type also named
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#SameSite"><code>SameSite</code></a>) to represent the new cookie attribute recently supported by most browsers.
|
||||
The <code>net/http</code>'s <code>Transport</code> does not use the <code>SameSite</code>
|
||||
attribute itself, but the package supports parsing and serializing the
|
||||
attribute for browsers to use.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 81778 -->
|
||||
It is no longer allowed to reuse a <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server"><code>Server</code></a>
|
||||
after a call to
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server.Shutdown"><code>Shutdown</code></a> or
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server.Close"><code>Close</code></a>. It was never officially supported
|
||||
in the past and had often surprising behavior. Now, all future calls to the server's <code>Serve</code>
|
||||
methods will return errors after a shutdown or close.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- CL 89275 was reverted before Go 1.11 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 93296 -->
|
||||
The constant <code>StatusMisdirectedRequest</code> is now defined for HTTP status code 421.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 123875 -->
|
||||
The HTTP server will no longer cancel contexts or send on
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#CloseNotifier"><code>CloseNotifier</code></a>
|
||||
channels upon receiving pipelined HTTP/1.1 requests. Browsers do
|
||||
not use HTTP pipelining, but some clients (such as
|
||||
Debian's <code>apt</code>) may be configured to do so.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 115255 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment"><code>ProxyFromEnvironment</code></a>, which is used by the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#DefaultTransport"><code>DefaultTransport</code></a>, now
|
||||
supports CIDR notation and ports in the <code>NO_PROXY</code> environment variable.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/http -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/http/httputil"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/">net/http/httputil</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 77410 -->
|
||||
The
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/#ReverseProxy"><code>ReverseProxy</code></a>
|
||||
has a new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/#ReverseProxy.ErrorHandler"><code>ErrorHandler</code></a>
|
||||
option to permit changing how errors are handled.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 115135 -->
|
||||
The <code>ReverseProxy</code> now also passes
|
||||
"<code>TE:</code> <code>trailers</code>" request headers
|
||||
through to the backend, as required by the gRPC protocol.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/http/httputil -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="os"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/">os</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 78835 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/os/#UserCacheDir"><code>UserCacheDir</code></a> function
|
||||
returns the default root directory to use for user-specific cached data.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 94856 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/os/#ModeIrregular"><code>ModeIrregular</code></a>
|
||||
is a <a href="/pkg/os/#FileMode"><code>FileMode</code></a> bit to represent
|
||||
that a file is not a regular file, but nothing else is known about it, or that
|
||||
it's not a socket, device, named pipe, symlink, or other file type for which
|
||||
Go has a defined mode bit.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 99337 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#Symlink"><code>Symlink</code></a> now works
|
||||
for unprivileged users on Windows 10 on machines with Developer
|
||||
Mode enabled.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 100077 -->
|
||||
When a non-blocking descriptor is passed
|
||||
to <a href="/pkg/os#NewFile"><code>NewFile</code></a>, the
|
||||
resulting <code>*File</code> will be kept in non-blocking
|
||||
mode. This means that I/O for that <code>*File</code> will use
|
||||
the runtime poller rather than a separate thread, and that
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/os/#File.SetDeadline"><code>SetDeadline</code></a>
|
||||
methods will work.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- os -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="os/signal"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/signal/">os/signal</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 108376 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/os/signal/#Ignored"><code>Ignored</code></a> function reports
|
||||
whether a signal is currently ignored.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- os/signal -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="os/user"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/user/">os/user</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 92456 -->
|
||||
The <code>os/user</code> package can now be built in pure Go
|
||||
mode using the build tag "<code>osusergo</code>",
|
||||
independent of the use of the environment
|
||||
variable <code>CGO_ENABLED=0</code>. Previously the only way to use
|
||||
the package's pure Go implementation was to disable <code>cgo</code>
|
||||
support across the entire program.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- os/user -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- CL 101715 was reverted -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="pkg-runtime"><dt id="runtime-again"><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 70993 -->
|
||||
Setting the <code>GODEBUG=tracebackancestors=<em>N</em></code>
|
||||
environment variable now extends tracebacks with the stacks at
|
||||
which goroutines were created, where <em>N</em> limits the
|
||||
number of ancestor goroutines to report.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- runtime -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="runtime/pprof"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/">runtime/pprof</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 102696 -->
|
||||
This release adds a new "allocs" profile type that profiles
|
||||
total number of bytes allocated since the program began
|
||||
(including garbage-collected bytes). This is identical to the
|
||||
existing "heap" profile viewed in <code>-alloc_space</code> mode.
|
||||
Now <code>go test -memprofile=...</code> reports an "allocs" profile
|
||||
instead of "heap" profile.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- runtime/pprof -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="sync"><dt><a href="/pkg/sync/">sync</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 87095 -->
|
||||
The mutex profile now includes reader/writer contention
|
||||
for <a href="/pkg/sync/#RWMutex"><code>RWMutex</code></a>.
|
||||
Writer/writer contention was already included in the mutex
|
||||
profile.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- sync -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="syscall"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/">syscall</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 106275 -->
|
||||
On Windows, several fields were changed from <code>uintptr</code> to a new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=windows&GOARCH=amd64#Pointer"><code>Pointer</code></a>
|
||||
type to avoid problems with Go's garbage collector. The same change was made
|
||||
to the <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/sys/windows"><code>golang.org/x/sys/windows</code></a>
|
||||
package. For any code affected, users should first migrate away from the <code>syscall</code>
|
||||
package to the <code>golang.org/x/sys/windows</code> package, and then change
|
||||
to using the <code>Pointer</code>, while obeying the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/unsafe/#Pointer"><code>unsafe.Pointer</code> conversion rules</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 118658 -->
|
||||
On Linux, the <code>flags</code> parameter to
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=linux&GOARCH=amd64#Faccessat"><code>Faccessat</code></a>
|
||||
is now implemented just as in glibc. In earlier Go releases the
|
||||
flags parameter was ignored.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 118658 -->
|
||||
On Linux, the <code>flags</code> parameter to
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=linux&GOARCH=amd64#Fchmodat"><code>Fchmodat</code></a>
|
||||
is now validated. Linux's <code>fchmodat</code> doesn't support the <code>flags</code> parameter
|
||||
so we now mimic glibc's behavior and return an error if it's non-zero.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- syscall -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="text/scanner"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/scanner/">text/scanner</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 112037 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/text/scanner/#Scanner.Scan"><code>Scanner.Scan</code></a> method now returns
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/text/scanner/#RawString"><code>RawString</code></a> token
|
||||
instead of <a href="/pkg/text/scanner/#String"><code>String</code></a>
|
||||
for raw string literals.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- text/scanner -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="text/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/template/">text/template</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 84480 -->
|
||||
Modifying template variables via assignments is now permitted via the <code>=</code> token:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
{{"{{"}} $v := "init" {{"}}"}}
|
||||
{{"{{"}} if true {{"}}"}}
|
||||
{{"{{"}} $v = "changed" {{"}}"}}
|
||||
{{"{{"}} end {{"}}"}}
|
||||
v: {{"{{"}} $v {{"}}"}} {{"{{"}}/* "changed" */{{"}}"}}</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 95215 -->
|
||||
In previous versions untyped <code>nil</code> values passed to
|
||||
template functions were ignored. They are now passed as normal
|
||||
arguments.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- text/template -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="time"><dt><a href="/pkg/time/">time</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 98157 -->
|
||||
Parsing of timezones denoted by sign and offset is now
|
||||
supported. In previous versions, numeric timezone names
|
||||
(such as <code>+03</code>) were not considered valid, and only
|
||||
three-letter abbreviations (such as <code>MST</code>) were accepted
|
||||
when expecting a timezone name.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dl><!-- time -->
|
||||
949
doc/go1.12.html
949
doc/go1.12.html
|
|
@ -1,949 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Go 1.12 Release Notes",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/go1.12",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
|
||||
set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
|
||||
<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
|
||||
Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.12</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The latest Go release, version 1.12, arrives six months after <a href="go1.11">Go 1.11</a>.
|
||||
Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries.
|
||||
As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>.
|
||||
We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There are no changes to the language specification.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 138675 -->
|
||||
The race detector is now supported on <code>linux/arm64</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="freebsd">
|
||||
Go 1.12 is the last release that is supported on FreeBSD 10.x, which has
|
||||
already reached end-of-life. Go 1.13 will require FreeBSD 11.2+ or FreeBSD
|
||||
12.0+.
|
||||
FreeBSD 12.0+ requires a kernel with the COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option set (this is the default).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 146898 -->
|
||||
cgo is now supported on <code>linux/ppc64</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="hurd"><!-- CL 146023 -->
|
||||
<code>hurd</code> is now a recognized value for <code>GOOS</code>, reserved
|
||||
for the GNU/Hurd system for use with <code>gccgo</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="windows">Windows</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go's new <code>windows/arm</code> port supports running Go on Windows 10
|
||||
IoT Core on 32-bit ARM chips such as the Raspberry Pi 3.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="aix">AIX</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go now supports AIX 7.2 and later on POWER8 architectures (<code>aix/ppc64</code>). External linking, cgo, pprof and the race detector aren't yet supported.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="darwin">Darwin</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.12 is the last release that will run on macOS 10.10 Yosemite.
|
||||
Go 1.13 will require macOS 10.11 El Capitan or later.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 141639 -->
|
||||
<code>libSystem</code> is now used when making syscalls on Darwin,
|
||||
ensuring forward-compatibility with future versions of macOS and iOS.
|
||||
<!-- CL 153338 -->
|
||||
The switch to <code>libSystem</code> triggered additional App Store
|
||||
checks for private API usage. Since it is considered private,
|
||||
<code>syscall.Getdirentries</code> now always fails with
|
||||
<code>ENOSYS</code> on iOS.
|
||||
Additionally, <a href="/pkg/syscall/#Setrlimit"><code>syscall.Setrlimit</code></a>
|
||||
reports <code>invalid</code> <code>argument</code> in places where it historically
|
||||
succeeded. These consequences are not specific to Go and users should expect
|
||||
behavioral parity with <code>libSystem</code>'s implementation going forward.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="vet"><code>go tool vet</code> no longer supported</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>go vet</code> command has been rewritten to serve as the
|
||||
base for a range of different source code analysis tools. See
|
||||
the <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis">golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis</a>
|
||||
package for details. A side-effect is that <code>go tool vet</code>
|
||||
is no longer supported. External tools that use <code>go tool
|
||||
vet</code> must be changed to use <code>go
|
||||
vet</code>. Using <code>go vet</code> instead of <code>go tool
|
||||
vet</code> should work with all supported versions of Go.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As part of this change, the experimental <code>-shadow</code> option
|
||||
is no longer available with <code>go vet</code>. Checking for
|
||||
variable shadowing may now be done using
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
go get -u golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis/passes/shadow/cmd/shadow
|
||||
go vet -vettool=$(which shadow)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="tour">Tour</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> <!-- CL 152657 -->
|
||||
The Go tour is no longer included in the main binary distribution. To
|
||||
run the tour locally, instead of running <code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>tour</code>,
|
||||
manually install it:
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
go get -u golang.org/x/tour
|
||||
tour
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gocache">Build cache requirement</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Build_and_test_caching">build cache</a> is now
|
||||
required as a step toward eliminating
|
||||
<code>$GOPATH/pkg</code>. Setting the environment variable
|
||||
<code>GOCACHE=off</code> will cause <code>go</code> commands that write to the
|
||||
cache to fail.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="binary-only">Binary-only packages</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.12 is the last release that will support binary-only packages.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="cgo">Cgo</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.12 will translate the C type <code>EGLDisplay</code> to the Go type <code>uintptr</code>.
|
||||
This change is similar to how Go 1.10 and newer treats Darwin's CoreFoundation
|
||||
and Java's JNI types. See the
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/cgo/#hdr-Special_cases">cgo documentation</a>
|
||||
for more information.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 152657 -->
|
||||
Mangled C names are no longer accepted in packages that use Cgo. Use the Cgo
|
||||
names instead. For example, use the documented cgo name <code>C.char</code>
|
||||
rather than the mangled name <code>_Ctype_char</code> that cgo generates.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="modules">Modules</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 148517 -->
|
||||
When <code>GO111MODULE</code> is set to <code>on</code>, the <code>go</code>
|
||||
command now supports module-aware operations outside of a module directory,
|
||||
provided that those operations do not need to resolve import paths relative to
|
||||
the current directory or explicitly edit the <code>go.mod</code> file.
|
||||
Commands such as <code>go</code> <code>get</code>,
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>list</code>, and
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>download</code> behave as if in a
|
||||
module with initially-empty requirements.
|
||||
In this mode, <code>go</code> <code>env</code> <code>GOMOD</code> reports
|
||||
the system's null device (<code>/dev/null</code> or <code>NUL</code>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 146382 -->
|
||||
<code>go</code> commands that download and extract modules are now safe to
|
||||
invoke concurrently.
|
||||
The module cache (<code>GOPATH/pkg/mod</code>) must reside in a filesystem that
|
||||
supports file locking.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 147282, 147281 -->
|
||||
The <code>go</code> directive in a <code>go.mod</code> file now indicates the
|
||||
version of the language used by the files within that module.
|
||||
It will be set to the current release
|
||||
(<code>go</code> <code>1.12</code>) if no existing version is
|
||||
present.
|
||||
If the <code>go</code> directive for a module specifies a
|
||||
version <em>newer</em> than the toolchain in use, the <code>go</code> command
|
||||
will attempt to build the packages regardless, and will note the mismatch only if
|
||||
that build fails.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 147282, 147281 -->
|
||||
This changed use of the <code>go</code> directive means that if you
|
||||
use Go 1.12 to build a module, thus recording <code>go 1.12</code>
|
||||
in the <code>go.mod</code> file, you will get an error when
|
||||
attempting to build the same module with Go 1.11 through Go 1.11.3.
|
||||
Go 1.11.4 or later will work fine, as will releases older than Go 1.11.
|
||||
If you must use Go 1.11 through 1.11.3, you can avoid the problem by
|
||||
setting the language version to 1.11, using the Go 1.12 go tool,
|
||||
via <code>go mod edit -go=1.11</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 152739 -->
|
||||
When an import cannot be resolved using the active modules,
|
||||
the <code>go</code> command will now try to use the modules mentioned in the
|
||||
main module's <code>replace</code> directives before consulting the module
|
||||
cache and the usual network sources.
|
||||
If a matching replacement is found but the <code>replace</code> directive does
|
||||
not specify a version, the <code>go</code> command uses a pseudo-version
|
||||
derived from the zero <code>time.Time</code> (such
|
||||
as <code>v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000</code>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="compiler">Compiler toolchain</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 134155, 134156 -->
|
||||
The compiler's live variable analysis has improved. This may mean that
|
||||
finalizers will be executed sooner in this release than in previous
|
||||
releases. If that is a problem, consider the appropriate addition of a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#KeepAlive"><code>runtime.KeepAlive</code></a> call.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 147361 -->
|
||||
More functions are now eligible for inlining by default, including
|
||||
functions that do nothing but call another function.
|
||||
This extra inlining makes it additionally important to use
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#CallersFrames"><code>runtime.CallersFrames</code></a>
|
||||
instead of iterating over the result of
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#Callers"><code>runtime.Callers</code></a> directly.
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
// Old code which no longer works correctly (it will miss inlined call frames).
|
||||
var pcs [10]uintptr
|
||||
n := runtime.Callers(1, pcs[:])
|
||||
for _, pc := range pcs[:n] {
|
||||
f := runtime.FuncForPC(pc)
|
||||
if f != nil {
|
||||
fmt.Println(f.Name())
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
// New code which will work correctly.
|
||||
var pcs [10]uintptr
|
||||
n := runtime.Callers(1, pcs[:])
|
||||
frames := runtime.CallersFrames(pcs[:n])
|
||||
for {
|
||||
frame, more := frames.Next()
|
||||
fmt.Println(frame.Function)
|
||||
if !more {
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 153477 -->
|
||||
Wrappers generated by the compiler to implement method expressions
|
||||
are no longer reported
|
||||
by <a href="/pkg/runtime/#CallersFrames"><code>runtime.CallersFrames</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/runtime/#Stack"><code>runtime.Stack</code></a>. They
|
||||
are also not printed in panic stack traces.
|
||||
|
||||
This change aligns the <code>gc</code> toolchain to match
|
||||
the <code>gccgo</code> toolchain, which already elided such wrappers
|
||||
from stack traces.
|
||||
|
||||
Clients of these APIs might need to adjust for the missing
|
||||
frames. For code that must interoperate between 1.11 and 1.12
|
||||
releases, you can replace the method expression <code>x.M</code>
|
||||
with the function literal <code>func (...) { x.M(...) } </code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 144340 -->
|
||||
The compiler now accepts a <code>-lang</code> flag to set the Go language
|
||||
version to use. For example, <code>-lang=go1.8</code> causes the compiler to
|
||||
emit an error if the program uses type aliases, which were added in Go 1.9.
|
||||
Language changes made before Go 1.12 are not consistently enforced.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 147160 -->
|
||||
The compiler toolchain now uses different conventions to call Go
|
||||
functions and assembly functions. This should be invisible to users,
|
||||
except for calls that simultaneously cross between Go and
|
||||
assembly <em>and</em> cross a package boundary. If linking results
|
||||
in an error like "relocation target not defined for ABIInternal (but
|
||||
is defined for ABI0)", please refer to the
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/golang/proposal/blob/master/design/27539-internal-abi.md#compatibility">compatibility section</a>
|
||||
of the ABI design document.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 145179 -->
|
||||
There have been many improvements to the DWARF debug information
|
||||
produced by the compiler, including improvements to argument
|
||||
printing and variable location information.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 61511 -->
|
||||
Go programs now also maintain stack frame pointers on <code>linux/arm64</code>
|
||||
for the benefit of profiling tools like <code>perf</code>. The frame pointer
|
||||
maintenance has a small run-time overhead that varies but averages around 3%.
|
||||
To build a toolchain that does not use frame pointers, set
|
||||
<code>GOEXPERIMENT=noframepointer</code> when running <code>make.bash</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 142717 -->
|
||||
The obsolete "safe" compiler mode (enabled by the <code>-u</code> gcflag) has been removed.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="godoc"><code>godoc</code> and <code>go</code> <code>doc</code></h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In Go 1.12, <code>godoc</code> no longer has a command-line interface and
|
||||
is only a web server. Users should use <code>go</code> <code>doc</code>
|
||||
for command-line help output instead. Go 1.12 is the last release that will
|
||||
include the <code>godoc</code> webserver; in Go 1.13 it will be available
|
||||
via <code>go</code> <code>get</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 141977 -->
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>doc</code> now supports the <code>-all</code> flag,
|
||||
which will cause it to print all exported APIs and their documentation,
|
||||
as the <code>godoc</code> command line used to do.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 140959 -->
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>doc</code> also now includes the <code>-src</code> flag,
|
||||
which will show the target's source code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="trace">Trace</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 60790 -->
|
||||
The trace tool now supports plotting mutator utilization curves,
|
||||
including cross-references to the execution trace. These are useful
|
||||
for analyzing the impact of the garbage collector on application
|
||||
latency and throughput.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="assembler">Assembler</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 147218 -->
|
||||
On <code>arm64</code>, the platform register was renamed from
|
||||
<code>R18</code> to <code>R18_PLATFORM</code> to prevent accidental
|
||||
use, as the OS could choose to reserve this register.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 138959 -->
|
||||
Go 1.12 significantly improves the performance of sweeping when a
|
||||
large fraction of the heap remains live. This reduces allocation
|
||||
latency immediately following a garbage collection.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 139719 -->
|
||||
The Go runtime now releases memory back to the operating system more
|
||||
aggressively, particularly in response to large allocations that
|
||||
can't reuse existing heap space.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 146342, CL 146340, CL 146345, CL 146339, CL 146343, CL 146337, CL 146341, CL 146338 -->
|
||||
The Go runtime's timer and deadline code is faster and scales better
|
||||
with higher numbers of CPUs. In particular, this improves the
|
||||
performance of manipulating network connection deadlines.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 135395 -->
|
||||
On Linux, the runtime now uses <code>MADV_FREE</code> to release unused
|
||||
memory. This is more efficient but may result in higher reported
|
||||
RSS. The kernel will reclaim the unused data when it is needed.
|
||||
To revert to the Go 1.11 behavior (<code>MADV_DONTNEED</code>), set the
|
||||
environment variable <code>GODEBUG=madvdontneed=1</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 149578 -->
|
||||
Adding cpu.<em>extension</em>=off to the
|
||||
<a href="/doc/diagnostics.html#godebug">GODEBUG</a> environment
|
||||
variable now disables the use of optional CPU instruction
|
||||
set extensions in the standard library and runtime. This is not
|
||||
yet supported on Windows.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 158337 -->
|
||||
Go 1.12 improves the accuracy of memory profiles by fixing
|
||||
overcounting of large heap allocations.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 159717 -->
|
||||
Tracebacks, <code>runtime.Caller</code>,
|
||||
and <code>runtime.Callers</code> no longer include
|
||||
compiler-generated initialization functions. Doing a traceback
|
||||
during the initialization of a global variable will now show a
|
||||
function named <code>PKG.init.ializers</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="tls_1_3">TLS 1.3</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.12 adds opt-in support for TLS 1.3 in the <code>crypto/tls</code> package as
|
||||
specified by <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446">RFC 8446</a>. It can
|
||||
be enabled by adding the value <code>tls13=1</code> to the <code>GODEBUG</code>
|
||||
environment variable. It will be enabled by default in Go 1.13.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To negotiate TLS 1.3, make sure you do not set an explicit <code>MaxVersion</code> in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config"><code>Config</code></a> and run your program with
|
||||
the environment variable <code>GODEBUG=tls13=1</code> set.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
All TLS 1.2 features except <code>TLSUnique</code> in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ConnectionState"><code>ConnectionState</code></a>
|
||||
and renegotiation are available in TLS 1.3 and provide equivalent or
|
||||
better security and performance. Note that even though TLS 1.3 is backwards
|
||||
compatible with previous versions, certain legacy systems might not work
|
||||
correctly when attempting to negotiate it. RSA certificate keys too small
|
||||
to be secure (including 512-bit keys) will not work with TLS 1.3.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
TLS 1.3 cipher suites are not configurable. All supported cipher suites are
|
||||
safe, and if <code>PreferServerCipherSuites</code> is set in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config"><code>Config</code></a> the preference order
|
||||
is based on the available hardware.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Early data (also called "0-RTT mode") is not currently supported as a
|
||||
client or server. Additionally, a Go 1.12 server does not support skipping
|
||||
unexpected early data if a client sends it. Since TLS 1.3 0-RTT mode
|
||||
involves clients keeping state regarding which servers support 0-RTT,
|
||||
a Go 1.12 server cannot be part of a load-balancing pool where some other
|
||||
servers do support 0-RTT. If switching a domain from a server that supported
|
||||
0-RTT to a Go 1.12 server, 0-RTT would have to be disabled for at least the
|
||||
lifetime of the issued session tickets before the switch to ensure
|
||||
uninterrupted operation.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In TLS 1.3 the client is the last one to speak in the handshake, so if it causes
|
||||
an error to occur on the server, it will be returned on the client by the first
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Conn.Read"><code>Read</code></a>, not by
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Conn.Handshake"><code>Handshake</code></a>. For
|
||||
example, that will be the case if the server rejects the client certificate.
|
||||
Similarly, session tickets are now post-handshake messages, so are only
|
||||
received by the client upon its first
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Conn.Read"><code>Read</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
|
||||
made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
|
||||
in mind.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- TODO: CL 115677: https://golang.org/cl/115677: cmd/vet: check embedded field tags too -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="bufio"><dt><a href="/pkg/bufio/">bufio</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 149297 -->
|
||||
<code>Reader</code>'s <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Reader.UnreadRune"><code>UnreadRune</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/bufio/#Reader.UnreadByte"><code>UnreadByte</code></a> methods will now return an error
|
||||
if they are called after <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Reader.Peek"><code>Peek</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- bufio -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="bytes"><dt><a href="/pkg/bytes/">bytes</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 137855 -->
|
||||
The new function <a href="/pkg/bytes/#ReplaceAll"><code>ReplaceAll</code></a> returns a copy of
|
||||
a byte slice with all non-overlapping instances of a value replaced by another.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 145098 -->
|
||||
A pointer to a zero-value <a href="/pkg/bytes/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> is now
|
||||
functionally equivalent to <a href="/pkg/bytes/#NewReader"><code>NewReader</code></a><code>(nil)</code>.
|
||||
Prior to Go 1.12, the former could not be used as a substitute for the latter in all cases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- bytes -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/rand"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/rand/">crypto/rand</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 139419 -->
|
||||
A warning will now be printed to standard error the first time
|
||||
<code>Reader.Read</code> is blocked for more than 60 seconds waiting
|
||||
to read entropy from the kernel.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 120055 -->
|
||||
On FreeBSD, <code>Reader</code> now uses the <code>getrandom</code>
|
||||
system call if available, <code>/dev/urandom</code> otherwise.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/rand -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/rc4"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/rc4/">crypto/rc4</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 130397 -->
|
||||
This release removes the assembly implementations, leaving only
|
||||
the pure Go version. The Go compiler generates code that is
|
||||
either slightly better or slightly worse, depending on the exact
|
||||
CPU. RC4 is insecure and should only be used for compatibility
|
||||
with legacy systems.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/rc4 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 143177 -->
|
||||
If a client sends an initial message that does not look like TLS, the server
|
||||
will no longer reply with an alert, and it will expose the underlying
|
||||
<code>net.Conn</code> in the new field <code>Conn</code> of
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#RecordHeaderError"><code>RecordHeaderError</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="database/sql"><dt><a href="/pkg/database/sql/">database/sql</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 145738 -->
|
||||
A query cursor can now be obtained by passing a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/database/sql/#Rows"><code>*Rows</code></a>
|
||||
value to the <a href="/pkg/database/sql/#Row.Scan"><code>Row.Scan</code></a> method.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- database/sql -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="expvar"><dt><a href="/pkg/expvar/">expvar</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 139537 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/expvar/#Map.Delete"><code>Delete</code></a> method allows
|
||||
for deletion of key/value pairs from a <a href="/pkg/expvar/#Map"><code>Map</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- expvar -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="fmt"><dt><a href="/pkg/fmt/">fmt</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 142737 -->
|
||||
Maps are now printed in key-sorted order to ease testing. The ordering rules are:
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>When applicable, nil compares low
|
||||
<li>ints, floats, and strings order by <
|
||||
<li>NaN compares less than non-NaN floats
|
||||
<li>bool compares false before true
|
||||
<li>Complex compares real, then imaginary
|
||||
<li>Pointers compare by machine address
|
||||
<li>Channel values compare by machine address
|
||||
<li>Structs compare each field in turn
|
||||
<li>Arrays compare each element in turn
|
||||
<li>Interface values compare first by <code>reflect.Type</code> describing the concrete type
|
||||
and then by concrete value as described in the previous rules.
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 129777 -->
|
||||
When printing maps, non-reflexive key values like <code>NaN</code> were previously
|
||||
displayed as <code><nil></code>. As of this release, the correct values are printed.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- fmt -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="go/doc"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/doc/">go/doc</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 140958 -->
|
||||
To address some outstanding issues in <a href="/cmd/doc/"><code>cmd/doc</code></a>,
|
||||
this package has a new <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Mode"><code>Mode</code></a> bit,
|
||||
<code>PreserveAST</code>, which controls whether AST data is cleared.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- go/doc -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="go/token"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/token/">go/token</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 134075 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/go/token#File"><code>File</code></a> type has a new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/go/token#File.LineStart"><code>LineStart</code></a> field,
|
||||
which returns the position of the start of a given line. This is especially useful
|
||||
in programs that occasionally handle non-Go files, such as assembly, but wish to use
|
||||
the <code>token.Pos</code> mechanism to identify file positions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- go/token -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="image"><dt><a href="/pkg/image/">image</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 118755 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/image/#RegisterFormat"><code>RegisterFormat</code></a> function is now safe for concurrent use.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- image -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="image/png"><dt><a href="/pkg/image/png/">image/png</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 134235 -->
|
||||
Paletted images with fewer than 16 colors now encode to smaller outputs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- image/png -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="io"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/">io</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 139457 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/io#StringWriter"><code>StringWriter</code></a> interface wraps the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/#WriteString"><code>WriteString</code></a> function.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- io -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="math"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/">math</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 153059 -->
|
||||
The functions
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/#Sin"><code>Sin</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/#Cos"><code>Cos</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/#Tan"><code>Tan</code></a>,
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/math/#Sincos"><code>Sincos</code></a> now
|
||||
apply Payne-Hanek range reduction to huge arguments. This
|
||||
produces more accurate answers, but they will not be bit-for-bit
|
||||
identical with the results in earlier releases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dl><!-- math -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="math/bits"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/bits/">math/bits</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 123157 -->
|
||||
New extended precision operations <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Add"><code>Add</code></a>, <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Sub"><code>Sub</code></a>, <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Mul"><code>Mul</code></a>, and <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Div"><code>Div</code></a> are available in <code>uint</code>, <code>uint32</code>, and <code>uint64</code> versions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- math/bits -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 146659 -->
|
||||
The
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.DualStack"><code>Dialer.DualStack</code></a> setting is now ignored and deprecated;
|
||||
RFC 6555 Fast Fallback ("Happy Eyeballs") is now enabled by default. To disable, set
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.FallbackDelay"><code>Dialer.FallbackDelay</code></a> to a negative value.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 107196 -->
|
||||
Similarly, TCP keep-alives are now enabled by default if
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.KeepAlive"><code>Dialer.KeepAlive</code></a> is zero.
|
||||
To disable, set it to a negative value.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 113997 -->
|
||||
On Linux, the <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/splice.2.html"><code>splice</code> system call</a> is now used when copying from a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#UnixConn"><code>UnixConn</code></a> to a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#TCPConn"><code>TCPConn</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dl><!-- net -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 143177 -->
|
||||
The HTTP server now rejects misdirected HTTP requests to HTTPS servers with a plaintext "400 Bad Request" response.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 130115 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Client.CloseIdleConnections"><code>Client.CloseIdleConnections</code></a>
|
||||
method calls the <code>Client</code>'s underlying <code>Transport</code>'s <code>CloseIdleConnections</code>
|
||||
if it has one.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 145398 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a> no longer rejects HTTP responses which declare
|
||||
HTTP Trailers but don't use chunked encoding. Instead, the declared trailers are now just ignored.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 152080 --> <!-- CL 151857 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a> no longer handles <code>MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS</code> values
|
||||
advertised from HTTP/2 servers as strictly as it did during Go 1.10 and Go 1.11. The default behavior is now back
|
||||
to how it was in Go 1.9: each connection to a server can have up to <code>MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS</code> requests
|
||||
active and then new TCP connections are created as needed. In Go 1.10 and Go 1.11 the <code>http2</code> package
|
||||
would block and wait for requests to finish instead of creating new connections.
|
||||
To get the stricter behavior back, import the
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/net/http2"><code>golang.org/x/net/http2</code></a> package
|
||||
directly and set
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/net/http2#Transport.StrictMaxConcurrentStreams"><code>Transport.StrictMaxConcurrentStreams</code></a> to
|
||||
<code>true</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/http -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/url"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/url/">net/url</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 159157, CL 160178 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/url/#Parse"><code>Parse</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/url/#ParseRequestURI"><code>ParseRequestURI</code></a>,
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/url/#URL.Parse"><code>URL.Parse</code></a>
|
||||
now return an
|
||||
error for URLs containing ASCII control characters, which includes NULL,
|
||||
tab, and newlines.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/url -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/http/httputil"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/">net/http/httputil</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 146437 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/#ReverseProxy"><code>ReverseProxy</code></a> now automatically
|
||||
proxies WebSocket requests.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/http/httputil -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="os"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/">os</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 125443 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/os/#ProcessState.ExitCode"><code>ProcessState.ExitCode</code></a> method
|
||||
returns the process's exit code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 135075 -->
|
||||
<code>ModeCharDevice</code> has been added to the <code>ModeType</code> bitmask, allowing for
|
||||
<code>ModeDevice | ModeCharDevice</code> to be recovered when masking a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#FileMode"><code>FileMode</code></a> with <code>ModeType</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 139418 -->
|
||||
The new function <a href="/pkg/os/#UserHomeDir"><code>UserHomeDir</code></a> returns the
|
||||
current user's home directory.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 146020 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#RemoveAll"><code>RemoveAll</code></a> now supports paths longer than 4096 characters
|
||||
on most Unix systems.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 130676 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#File.Sync"><code>File.Sync</code></a> now uses <code>F_FULLFSYNC</code> on macOS
|
||||
to correctly flush the file contents to permanent storage.
|
||||
This may cause the method to run more slowly than in previous releases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!--CL 155517 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#File"><code>File</code></a> now supports
|
||||
a <a href="/pkg/os/#File.SyscallConn"><code>SyscallConn</code></a>
|
||||
method returning
|
||||
a <a href="/pkg/syscall/#RawConn"><code>syscall.RawConn</code></a>
|
||||
interface value. This may be used to invoke system-specific
|
||||
operations on the underlying file descriptor.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- os -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="path/filepath"><dt><a href="/pkg/path/filepath/">path/filepath</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 145220 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/path/filepath/#IsAbs"><code>IsAbs</code></a> function now returns true when passed
|
||||
a reserved filename on Windows such as <code>NUL</code>.
|
||||
<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/fileio/naming-a-file#naming-conventions">List of reserved names.</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- path/filepath -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="reflect"><dt><a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 33572 -->
|
||||
A new <a href="/pkg/reflect#MapIter"><code>MapIter</code></a> type is
|
||||
an iterator for ranging over a map. This type is exposed through the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/reflect#Value"><code>Value</code></a> type's new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/reflect#Value.MapRange"><code>MapRange</code></a> method.
|
||||
This follows the same iteration semantics as a range statement, with <code>Next</code>
|
||||
to advance the iterator, and <code>Key</code>/<code>Value</code> to access each entry.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- reflect -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="regexp"><dt><a href="/pkg/regexp/">regexp</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 139784 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/regexp/#Regexp.Copy"><code>Copy</code></a> is no longer necessary
|
||||
to avoid lock contention, so it has been given a partial deprecation comment.
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/regexp/#Regexp.Copy"><code>Copy</code></a>
|
||||
may still be appropriate if the reason for its use is to make two copies with
|
||||
different <a href="/pkg/regexp/#Regexp.Longest"><code>Longest</code></a> settings.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- regexp -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="runtime/debug"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/">runtime/debug</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 144220 -->
|
||||
A new <a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#BuildInfo"><code>BuildInfo</code></a> type
|
||||
exposes the build information read from the running binary, available only in
|
||||
binaries built with module support. This includes the main package path, main
|
||||
module information, and the module dependencies. This type is given through the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#ReadBuildInfo"><code>ReadBuildInfo</code></a> function
|
||||
on <a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#BuildInfo"><code>BuildInfo</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- runtime/debug -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="strings"><dt><a href="/pkg/strings/">strings</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 137855 -->
|
||||
The new function <a href="/pkg/strings/#ReplaceAll"><code>ReplaceAll</code></a> returns a copy of
|
||||
a string with all non-overlapping instances of a value replaced by another.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 145098 -->
|
||||
A pointer to a zero-value <a href="/pkg/strings/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> is now
|
||||
functionally equivalent to <a href="/pkg/strings/#NewReader"><code>NewReader</code></a><code>(nil)</code>.
|
||||
Prior to Go 1.12, the former could not be used as a substitute for the latter in all cases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 122835 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/strings/#Builder.Cap"><code>Builder.Cap</code></a> method returns the capacity of the builder's underlying byte slice.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 131495 -->
|
||||
The character mapping functions <a href="/pkg/strings/#Map"><code>Map</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strings/#Title"><code>Title</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strings/#ToLower"><code>ToLower</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strings/#ToLowerSpecial"><code>ToLowerSpecial</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strings/#ToTitle"><code>ToTitle</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strings/#ToTitleSpecial"><code>ToTitleSpecial</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strings/#ToUpper"><code>ToUpper</code></a>, and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strings/#ToUpperSpecial"><code>ToUpperSpecial</code></a>
|
||||
now always guarantee to return valid UTF-8. In earlier releases, if the input was invalid UTF-8 but no character replacements
|
||||
needed to be applied, these routines incorrectly returned the invalid UTF-8 unmodified.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- strings -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="syscall"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/">syscall</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 138595 -->
|
||||
64-bit inodes are now supported on FreeBSD 12. Some types have been adjusted accordingly.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 125456 -->
|
||||
The Unix socket
|
||||
(<a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2017/12/19/af_unix-comes-to-windows/"><code>AF_UNIX</code></a>)
|
||||
address family is now supported for compatible versions of Windows.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 147117 -->
|
||||
The new function <a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=windows&GOARCH=amd64#Syscall18"><code>Syscall18</code></a>
|
||||
has been introduced for Windows, allowing for calls with up to 18 arguments.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- syscall -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="syscall/js"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/js/">syscall/js</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 153559 -->
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>Callback</code> type and <code>NewCallback</code> function have been renamed;
|
||||
they are now called
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Func"><code>Func</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#FuncOf"><code>FuncOf</code></a>, respectively.
|
||||
This is a breaking change, but WebAssembly support is still experimental
|
||||
and not yet subject to the
|
||||
<a href="/doc/go1compat">Go 1 compatibility promise</a>. Any code using the
|
||||
old names will need to be updated.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 141644 -->
|
||||
If a type implements the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Wrapper"><code>Wrapper</code></a>
|
||||
interface,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#ValueOf"><code>ValueOf</code></a>
|
||||
will use it to return the JavaScript value for that type.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 143137 -->
|
||||
The meaning of the zero
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Value"><code>Value</code></a>
|
||||
has changed. It now represents the JavaScript <code>undefined</code> value
|
||||
instead of the number zero.
|
||||
This is a breaking change, but WebAssembly support is still experimental
|
||||
and not yet subject to the
|
||||
<a href="/doc/go1compat">Go 1 compatibility promise</a>. Any code relying on
|
||||
the zero <a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Value"><code>Value</code></a>
|
||||
to mean the number zero will need to be updated.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 144384 -->
|
||||
The new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Value.Truthy"><code>Value.Truthy</code></a>
|
||||
method reports the
|
||||
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Truthy">JavaScript "truthiness"</a>
|
||||
of a given value.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- syscall/js -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="testing"><dt><a href="/pkg/testing/">testing</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 139258 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Testing_flags"><code>-benchtime</code></a> flag now supports setting an explicit iteration count instead of a time when the value ends with an "<code>x</code>". For example, <code>-benchtime=100x</code> runs the benchmark 100 times.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- testing -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="text/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/template/">text/template</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 142217 -->
|
||||
When executing a template, long context values are no longer truncated in errors.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<code>executing "tmpl" at <.very.deep.context.v...>: map has no entry for key "notpresent"</code>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
is now
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<code>executing "tmpl" at <.very.deep.context.value.notpresent>: map has no entry for key "notpresent"</code>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 143097 -->
|
||||
If a user-defined function called by a template panics, the
|
||||
panic is now caught and returned as an error by
|
||||
the <code>Execute</code> or <code>ExecuteTemplate</code> method.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dl><!-- text/template -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="time"><dt><a href="/pkg/time/">time</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 151299 -->
|
||||
The time zone database in <code>$GOROOT/lib/time/zoneinfo.zip</code>
|
||||
has been updated to version 2018i. Note that this ZIP file is
|
||||
only used if a time zone database is not provided by the operating
|
||||
system.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- time -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="unsafe"><dt><a href="/pkg/unsafe/">unsafe</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 146058 -->
|
||||
It is invalid to convert a nil <code>unsafe.Pointer</code> to <code>uintptr</code> and back with arithmetic.
|
||||
(This was already invalid, but will now cause the compiler to misbehave.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</dl><!-- unsafe -->
|
||||
1066
doc/go1.13.html
1066
doc/go1.13.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
924
doc/go1.14.html
924
doc/go1.14.html
|
|
@ -1,924 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Go 1.14 Release Notes",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/go1.14"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
|
||||
set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
|
||||
<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
|
||||
Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.14</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The latest Go release, version 1.14, arrives six months after <a href="go1.13">Go 1.13</a>.
|
||||
Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries.
|
||||
As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise of compatibility</a>.
|
||||
We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Module support in the <code>go</code> command is now ready for production use,
|
||||
and we encourage all users to <a href="https://blog.golang.org/migrating-to-go-modules">migrate to Go
|
||||
modules for dependency management</a>. If you are unable to migrate due to a problem in the Go
|
||||
toolchain, please ensure that the problem has an
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/issue?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Amodules">open issue</a>
|
||||
filed. (If the issue is not on the <code>Go1.15</code> milestone, please let us
|
||||
know why it prevents you from migrating so that we can prioritize it
|
||||
appropriately.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Per the <a href="https://github.com/golang/proposal/blob/master/design/6977-overlapping-interfaces.md">overlapping interfaces proposal</a>,
|
||||
Go 1.14 now permits embedding of interfaces with overlapping method sets:
|
||||
methods from an embedded interface may have the same names and identical signatures
|
||||
as methods already present in the (embedding) interface. This solves problems that typically
|
||||
(but not exclusively) occur with diamond-shaped embedding graphs.
|
||||
Explicitly declared methods in an interface must remain
|
||||
<a href="https://tip.golang.org/ref/spec#Uniqueness_of_identifiers">unique</a>, as before.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="darwin">Darwin</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.14 is the last release that will run on macOS 10.11 El Capitan.
|
||||
Go 1.15 will require macOS 10.12 Sierra or later.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/34749 -->
|
||||
Go 1.14 is the last Go release to support 32-bit binaries on
|
||||
macOS (the <code>darwin/386</code> port). They are no longer
|
||||
supported by macOS, starting with macOS 10.15 (Catalina).
|
||||
Go continues to support the 64-bit <code>darwin/amd64</code> port.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/34751 -->
|
||||
Go 1.14 will likely be the last Go release to support 32-bit
|
||||
binaries on iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS
|
||||
(the <code>darwin/arm</code> port). Go continues to support the
|
||||
64-bit <code>darwin/arm64</code> port.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="windows">Windows</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 203601 -->
|
||||
Go binaries on Windows now
|
||||
have <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/memory/data-execution-prevention">DEP
|
||||
(Data Execution Prevention)</a> enabled.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 202439 -->
|
||||
On Windows, creating a file
|
||||
via <a href="/pkg/os#CreateFile"><code>os.OpenFile</code></a> with
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/os/#O_CREATE"><code>os.O_CREATE</code></a> flag, or
|
||||
via <a href="/pkg/syscall#Open"><code>syscall.Open</code></a> with
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/syscall#O_CREAT"><code>syscall.O_CREAT</code></a>
|
||||
flag, will now create the file as read-only if the
|
||||
bit <code>0o200</code> (owner write permission) is not set in the
|
||||
permission argument. This makes the behavior on Windows more like
|
||||
that on Unix systems.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="wasm">WebAssembly</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 203600 -->
|
||||
JavaScript values referenced from Go via <code>js.Value</code>
|
||||
objects can now be garbage collected.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 203600 -->
|
||||
<code>js.Value</code> values can no longer be compared using
|
||||
the <code>==</code> operator, and instead must be compared using
|
||||
their <code>Equal</code> method.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 203600 -->
|
||||
<code>js.Value</code> now
|
||||
has <code>IsUndefined</code>, <code>IsNull</code>,
|
||||
and <code>IsNaN</code> methods.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="riscv">RISC-V</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- Issue 27532 -->
|
||||
Go 1.14 contains experimental support for 64-bit RISC-V on Linux
|
||||
(<code>GOOS=linux</code>, <code>GOARCH=riscv64</code>). Be aware
|
||||
that performance, assembly syntax stability, and possibly
|
||||
correctness are a work in progress.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="freebsd">FreeBSD</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 199919 -->
|
||||
Go now supports the 64-bit ARM architecture on FreeBSD 12.0 or later (the
|
||||
<code>freebsd/arm64</code> port).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="nacl">Native Client (NaCl)</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/30439 -->
|
||||
As <a href="go1.13#ports">announced</a> in the Go 1.13 release notes,
|
||||
Go 1.14 drops support for the Native Client platform (<code>GOOS=nacl</code>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="illumos">Illumos</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 203758 -->
|
||||
The runtime now respects zone CPU caps
|
||||
(the <code>zone.cpu-cap</code> resource control)
|
||||
for <code>runtime.NumCPU</code> and the default value
|
||||
of <code>GOMAXPROCS</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="go-command">Go command</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="vendor">Vendoring</h4>
|
||||
<!-- golang.org/issue/33848 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When the main module contains a top-level <code>vendor</code> directory and
|
||||
its <code>go.mod</code> file specifies <code>go</code> <code>1.14</code> or
|
||||
higher, the <code>go</code> command now defaults to <code>-mod=vendor</code>
|
||||
for operations that accept that flag. A new value for that flag,
|
||||
<code>-mod=mod</code>, causes the <code>go</code> command to instead load
|
||||
modules from the module cache (as when no <code>vendor</code> directory is
|
||||
present).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When <code>-mod=vendor</code> is set (explicitly or by default), the
|
||||
<code>go</code> command now verifies that the main module's
|
||||
<code>vendor/modules.txt</code> file is consistent with its
|
||||
<code>go.mod</code> file.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>list</code> <code>-m</code> no longer silently omits
|
||||
transitive dependencies that do not provide packages in
|
||||
the <code>vendor</code> directory. It now fails explicitly if
|
||||
<code>-mod=vendor</code> is set and information is requested for a module not
|
||||
mentioned in <code>vendor/modules.txt</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="go-flags">Flags</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/32502, golang.org/issue/30345 -->
|
||||
The <code>go</code> <code>get</code> command no longer accepts
|
||||
the <code>-mod</code> flag. Previously, the flag's setting either
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/issue/30345">was ignored</a> or
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/issue/32502">caused the build to fail</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/33326 -->
|
||||
<code>-mod=readonly</code> is now set by default when the <code>go.mod</code>
|
||||
file is read-only and no top-level <code>vendor</code> directory is present.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/31481 -->
|
||||
<code>-modcacherw</code> is a new flag that instructs the <code>go</code>
|
||||
command to leave newly-created directories in the module cache at their
|
||||
default permissions rather than making them read-only.
|
||||
The use of this flag makes it more likely that tests or other tools will
|
||||
accidentally add files not included in the module's verified checksum.
|
||||
However, it allows the use of <code>rm</code> <code>-rf</code>
|
||||
(instead of <code>go</code> <code>clean</code> <code>-modcache</code>)
|
||||
to remove the module cache.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/34506 -->
|
||||
<code>-modfile=file</code> is a new flag that instructs the <code>go</code>
|
||||
command to read (and possibly write) an alternate <code>go.mod</code> file
|
||||
instead of the one in the module root directory. A file
|
||||
named <code>go.mod</code> must still be present in order to determine the
|
||||
module root directory, but it is not accessed. When <code>-modfile</code> is
|
||||
specified, an alternate <code>go.sum</code> file is also used: its path is
|
||||
derived from the <code>-modfile</code> flag by trimming the <code>.mod</code>
|
||||
extension and appending <code>.sum</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="go-env-vars">Environment variables</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/32966 -->
|
||||
<code>GOINSECURE</code> is a new environment variable that instructs
|
||||
the <code>go</code> command to not require an HTTPS connection, and to skip
|
||||
certificate validation, when fetching certain modules directly from their
|
||||
origins. Like the existing <code>GOPRIVATE</code> variable, the value
|
||||
of <code>GOINSECURE</code> is a comma-separated list of glob patterns.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="commands-outside-modules">Commands outside modules</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/32027 -->
|
||||
When module-aware mode is enabled explicitly (by setting
|
||||
<code>GO111MODULE=on</code>), most module commands have more
|
||||
limited functionality if no <code>go.mod</code> file is present. For
|
||||
example, <code>go</code> <code>build</code>,
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>run</code>, and other build commands can only build
|
||||
packages in the standard library and packages specified as <code>.go</code>
|
||||
files on the command line.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Previously, the <code>go</code> command would resolve each package path
|
||||
to the latest version of a module but would not record the module path
|
||||
or version. This resulted in <a href="https://golang.org/issue/32027">slow,
|
||||
non-reproducible builds</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>get</code> continues to work as before, as do
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>download</code> and
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>list</code> <code>-m</code> with explicit versions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="incompatible-versions"><code>+incompatible</code> versions</h4>
|
||||
<!-- golang.org/issue/34165 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If the latest version of a module contains a <code>go.mod</code> file,
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>get</code> will no longer upgrade to an
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Module_compatibility_and_semantic_versioning">incompatible</a>
|
||||
major version of that module unless such a version is requested explicitly
|
||||
or is already required.
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>list</code> also omits incompatible major versions
|
||||
for such a module when fetching directly from version control, but may
|
||||
include them if reported by a proxy.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="go.mod"><code>go.mod</code> file maintenance</h4>
|
||||
<!-- golang.org/issue/34822 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<code>go</code> commands other than
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>tidy</code> no longer
|
||||
remove a <code>require</code> directive that specifies a version of an indirect dependency
|
||||
that is already implied by other (transitive) dependencies of the main
|
||||
module.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<code>go</code> commands other than
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>tidy</code> no longer
|
||||
edit the <code>go.mod</code> file if the changes are only cosmetic.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When <code>-mod=readonly</code> is set, <code>go</code> commands will no
|
||||
longer fail due to a missing <code>go</code> directive or an erroneous
|
||||
<code>// indirect</code> comment.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="module-downloading">Module downloading</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/26092 -->
|
||||
The <code>go</code> command now supports Subversion repositories in module mode.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/30748 -->
|
||||
The <code>go</code> command now includes snippets of plain-text error messages
|
||||
from module proxies and other HTTP servers.
|
||||
An error message will only be shown if it is valid UTF-8 and consists of only
|
||||
graphic characters and spaces.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="go-test">Testing</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/24929 -->
|
||||
<code>go test -v</code> now streams <code>t.Log</code> output as it happens,
|
||||
rather than at the end of all tests.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 190098 -->
|
||||
This release improves the performance of most uses
|
||||
of <code>defer</code> to incur almost zero overhead compared to
|
||||
calling the deferred function directly.
|
||||
As a result, <code>defer</code> can now be used in
|
||||
performance-critical code without overhead concerns.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 201760, CL 201762 and many others -->
|
||||
Goroutines are now asynchronously preemptible.
|
||||
As a result, loops without function calls no longer potentially
|
||||
deadlock the scheduler or significantly delay garbage collection.
|
||||
This is supported on all platforms except <code>windows/arm</code>,
|
||||
<code>darwin/arm</code>, <code>js/wasm</code>, and
|
||||
<code>plan9/*</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A consequence of the implementation of preemption is that on Unix
|
||||
systems, including Linux and macOS systems, programs built with Go
|
||||
1.14 will receive more signals than programs built with earlier
|
||||
releases.
|
||||
This means that programs that use packages
|
||||
like <a href="/pkg/syscall/"><code>syscall</code></a>
|
||||
or <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/sys/unix"><code>golang.org/x/sys/unix</code></a>
|
||||
will see more slow system calls fail with <code>EINTR</code> errors.
|
||||
Those programs will have to handle those errors in some way, most
|
||||
likely looping to try the system call again. For more
|
||||
information about this
|
||||
see <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal.7.html"><code>man
|
||||
7 signal</code></a> for Linux systems or similar documentation for
|
||||
other systems.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 201765, CL 195701 and many others -->
|
||||
The page allocator is more efficient and incurs significantly less
|
||||
lock contention at high values of <code>GOMAXPROCS</code>.
|
||||
This is most noticeable as lower latency and higher throughput for
|
||||
large allocations being done in parallel and at a high rate.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 171844 and many others -->
|
||||
Internal timers, used by
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/time/#After"><code>time.After</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/time/#Tick"><code>time.Tick</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Conn"><code>net.Conn.SetDeadline</code></a>,
|
||||
and friends, are more efficient, with less lock contention and fewer
|
||||
context switches.
|
||||
This is a performance improvement that should not cause any user
|
||||
visible changes.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="compiler">Compiler</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 162237 -->
|
||||
This release adds <code>-d=checkptr</code> as a compile-time option
|
||||
for adding instrumentation to check that Go code is following
|
||||
<code>unsafe.Pointer</code> safety rules dynamically.
|
||||
This option is enabled by default (except on Windows) with
|
||||
the <code>-race</code> or <code>-msan</code> flags, and can be
|
||||
disabled with <code>-gcflags=all=-d=checkptr=0</code>.
|
||||
Specifically, <code>-d=checkptr</code> checks the following:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
When converting <code>unsafe.Pointer</code> to <code>*T</code>,
|
||||
the resulting pointer must be aligned appropriately
|
||||
for <code>T</code>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
If the result of pointer arithmetic points into a Go heap object,
|
||||
one of the <code>unsafe.Pointer</code>-typed operands must point
|
||||
into the same object.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Using <code>-d=checkptr</code> is not currently recommended on
|
||||
Windows because it causes false alerts in the standard library.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 204338 -->
|
||||
The compiler can now emit machine-readable logs of key optimizations
|
||||
using the <code>-json</code> flag, including inlining, escape
|
||||
analysis, bounds-check elimination, and nil-check elimination.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 196959 -->
|
||||
Detailed escape analysis diagnostics (<code>-m=2</code>) now work again.
|
||||
This had been dropped from the new escape analysis implementation in
|
||||
the previous release.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 196217 -->
|
||||
All Go symbols in macOS binaries now begin with an underscore,
|
||||
following platform conventions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 202117 -->
|
||||
This release includes experimental support for compiler-inserted
|
||||
coverage instrumentation for fuzzing.
|
||||
See <a href="https://golang.org/issue/14565">issue 14565</a> for more
|
||||
details.
|
||||
This API may change in future releases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 174704 --><!-- CL 196784 -->
|
||||
Bounds check elimination now uses information from slice creation and can
|
||||
eliminate checks for indexes with types smaller than <code>int</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="hash/maphash">New byte sequence hashing package</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> <!-- golang.org/issue/28322, CL 186877 -->
|
||||
Go 1.14 includes a new package,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/hash/maphash/"><code>hash/maphash</code></a>,
|
||||
which provides hash functions on byte sequences.
|
||||
These hash functions are intended to be used to implement hash tables or
|
||||
other data structures that need to map arbitrary strings or byte
|
||||
sequences to a uniform distribution on unsigned 64-bit integers.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The hash functions are collision-resistant but not cryptographically secure.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The hash value of a given byte sequence is consistent within a
|
||||
single process, but will be different in different processes.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
|
||||
made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
|
||||
in mind.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 191976 -->
|
||||
Support for SSL version 3.0 (SSLv3) has been removed. Note that SSLv3 is the
|
||||
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7568">cryptographically broken</a>
|
||||
protocol predating TLS.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 191999 -->
|
||||
TLS 1.3 can't be disabled via the <code>GODEBUG</code> environment
|
||||
variable anymore. Use the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.MaxVersion"><code>Config.MaxVersion</code></a>
|
||||
field to configure TLS versions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 205059 -->
|
||||
When multiple certificate chains are provided through the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.Certificates"><code>Config.Certificates</code></a>
|
||||
field, the first one compatible with the peer is now automatically
|
||||
selected. This allows for example providing an ECDSA and an RSA
|
||||
certificate, and letting the package automatically select the best one.
|
||||
Note that the performance of this selection is going to be poor unless the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Certificate.Leaf"><code>Certificate.Leaf</code></a>
|
||||
field is set. The
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.NameToCertificate"><code>Config.NameToCertificate</code></a>
|
||||
field, which only supports associating a single certificate with
|
||||
a give name, is now deprecated and should be left as <code>nil</code>.
|
||||
Similarly the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.BuildNameToCertificate"><code>Config.BuildNameToCertificate</code></a>
|
||||
method, which builds the <code>NameToCertificate</code> field
|
||||
from the leaf certificates, is now deprecated and should not be
|
||||
called.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 175517 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CipherSuites"><code>CipherSuites</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#InsecureCipherSuites"><code>InsecureCipherSuites</code></a>
|
||||
functions return a list of currently implemented cipher suites.
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CipherSuiteName"><code>CipherSuiteName</code></a>
|
||||
function returns a name for a cipher suite ID.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 205058, 205057 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ClientHelloInfo.SupportsCertificate">
|
||||
<code>(*ClientHelloInfo).SupportsCertificate</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CertificateRequestInfo.SupportsCertificate">
|
||||
<code>(*CertificateRequestInfo).SupportsCertificate</code></a>
|
||||
methods expose whether a peer supports a certain certificate.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 174329 -->
|
||||
The <code>tls</code> package no longer supports the legacy Next Protocol
|
||||
Negotiation (NPN) extension and now only supports ALPN. In previous
|
||||
releases it supported both. There are no API changes and applications
|
||||
should function identically as before. Most other clients and servers have
|
||||
already removed NPN support in favor of the standardized ALPN.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 205063, 205062 -->
|
||||
RSA-PSS signatures are now used when supported in TLS 1.2 handshakes. This
|
||||
won't affect most applications, but custom
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Certificate.PrivateKey"><code>Certificate.PrivateKey</code></a>
|
||||
implementations that don't support RSA-PSS signatures will need to use the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Certificate.SupportedSignatureAlgorithms">
|
||||
<code>Certificate.SupportedSignatureAlgorithms</code></a>
|
||||
field to disable them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 205059, 205059 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.Certificates"><code>Config.Certificates</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.GetCertificate"><code>Config.GetCertificate</code></a>
|
||||
can now both be nil if
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.GetConfigForClient"><code>Config.GetConfigForClient</code></a>
|
||||
is set. If the callbacks return neither certificates nor an error, the
|
||||
<code>unrecognized_name</code> is now sent.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 205058 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CertificateRequestInfo.Version"><code>CertificateRequestInfo.Version</code></a>
|
||||
field provides the TLS version to client certificates callbacks.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 205068 -->
|
||||
The new <code>TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256</code> and
|
||||
<code>TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256</code> constants use
|
||||
the final names for the cipher suites previously referred to as
|
||||
<code>TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305</code> and
|
||||
<code>TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/x509"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/">crypto/x509</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 204046 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate.CreateCRL"><code>Certificate.CreateCRL</code></a>
|
||||
now supports Ed25519 issuers.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="debug/dwarf"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/">debug/dwarf</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 175138 -->
|
||||
The <code>debug/dwarf</code> package now supports reading DWARF
|
||||
version 5.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The new
|
||||
method <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#Data.AddSection"><code>(*Data).AddSection</code></a>
|
||||
supports adding arbitrary new DWARF sections from the input file
|
||||
to the DWARF <code>Data</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 192698 -->
|
||||
The new
|
||||
method <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#Reader.ByteOrder"><code>(*Reader).ByteOrder</code></a>
|
||||
returns the byte order of the current compilation unit.
|
||||
This may be used to interpret attributes that are encoded in the
|
||||
native ordering, such as location descriptions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 192699 -->
|
||||
The new
|
||||
method <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#LineReader.Files"><code>(*LineReader).Files</code></a>
|
||||
returns the file name table from a line reader.
|
||||
This may be used to interpret the value of DWARF attributes such
|
||||
as <code>AttrDeclFile</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- debug/dwarf -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="encoding/asn1"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/">encoding/asn1</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 126624 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a>
|
||||
now supports ASN.1 string type BMPString, represented by the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#TagBMPString"><code>TagBMPString</code></a>
|
||||
constant.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- encoding/asn1 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="encoding/json"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/json/">encoding/json</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 200677 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder"><code>Decoder</code></a>
|
||||
type supports a new
|
||||
method <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder.InputOffset"><code>InputOffset</code></a>
|
||||
that returns the input stream byte offset of the current
|
||||
decoder position.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 200217 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Compact"><code>Compact</code></a> no longer
|
||||
escapes the <code>U+2028</code> and <code>U+2029</code> characters, which
|
||||
was never a documented feature. For proper escaping, see <a
|
||||
href="/pkg/encoding/json/#HTMLEscape"><code>HTMLEscape</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 195045 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Number"><code>Number</code></a> no longer
|
||||
accepts invalid numbers, to follow the documented behavior more closely.
|
||||
If a program needs to accept invalid numbers like the empty string,
|
||||
consider wrapping the type with <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Unmarshaler"><code>Unmarshaler</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 200237 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a>
|
||||
can now support map keys with string underlying type which implement
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextUnmarshaler"><code>encoding.TextUnmarshaler</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- encoding/json -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="go/build"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/build/">go/build</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 203820, 211657 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/go/build/#Context"><code>Context</code></a>
|
||||
type has a new field <code>Dir</code> which may be used to set
|
||||
the working directory for the build.
|
||||
The default is the current directory of the running process.
|
||||
In module mode, this is used to locate the main module.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- go/build -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="go/doc"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/doc/">go/doc</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 204830 -->
|
||||
The new
|
||||
function <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#NewFromFiles"><code>NewFromFiles</code></a>
|
||||
computes package documentation from a list
|
||||
of <code>*ast.File</code>'s and associates examples with the
|
||||
appropriate package elements.
|
||||
The new information is available in a new <code>Examples</code>
|
||||
field
|
||||
in the <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Package"><code>Package</code></a>, <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Type"><code>Type</code></a>,
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Func"><code>Func</code></a> types, and a
|
||||
new <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Example.Suffix"><code>Suffix</code></a>
|
||||
field in
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Example"><code>Example</code></a>
|
||||
type.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- go/doc -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="io/ioutil"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/">io/ioutil</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 198488 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/#TempDir"><code>TempDir</code></a> can now create directories
|
||||
whose names have predictable prefixes and suffixes.
|
||||
As with <a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/#TempFile"><code>TempFile</code></a>, if the pattern
|
||||
contains a '*', the random string replaces the last '*'.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="log"><dt><a href="/pkg/log/">log</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 186182 -->
|
||||
The
|
||||
new <a href="https://tip.golang.org/pkg/log/#pkg-constants"><code>Lmsgprefix</code></a>
|
||||
flag may be used to tell the logging functions to emit the
|
||||
optional output prefix immediately before the log message rather
|
||||
than at the start of the line.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- log -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="math"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/">math</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 127458 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/math/#FMA"><code>FMA</code></a> function
|
||||
computes <code>x*y+z</code> in floating point with no
|
||||
intermediate rounding of the <code>x*y</code>
|
||||
computation. Several architectures implement this computation
|
||||
using dedicated hardware instructions for additional performance.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- math -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="math/big"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/big/">math/big</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 164972 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int.GCD"><code>GCD</code></a> method
|
||||
now allows the inputs <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> to be
|
||||
zero or negative.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- math/big -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="math/bits"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/bits/">math/bits</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 197838 -->
|
||||
The new functions
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Rem"><code>Rem</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Rem32"><code>Rem32</code></a>, and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Rem64"><code>Rem64</code></a>
|
||||
support computing a remainder even when the quotient overflows.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- math/bits -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="mime"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/">mime</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 186927 -->
|
||||
The default type of <code>.js</code> and <code>.mjs</code> files
|
||||
is now <code>text/javascript</code> rather
|
||||
than <code>application/javascript</code>.
|
||||
This is in accordance
|
||||
with <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-dispatch-javascript-mjs/">an
|
||||
IETF draft</a> that treats <code>application/javascript</code> as obsolete.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- mime -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="mime/multipart"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/">mime/multipart</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The
|
||||
new <a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a>
|
||||
method <a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Reader.NextRawPart"><code>NextRawPart</code></a>
|
||||
supports fetching the next MIME part without transparently
|
||||
decoding <code>quoted-printable</code> data.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- mime/multipart -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 200760 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Header"><code>Header</code></a>
|
||||
method <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Header.Values"><code>Values</code></a>
|
||||
can be used to fetch all values associated with a
|
||||
canonicalized key.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 61291 -->
|
||||
The
|
||||
new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a>
|
||||
field <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.DialTLSContext"><code>DialTLSContext</code></a>
|
||||
can be used to specify an optional dial function for creating
|
||||
TLS connections for non-proxied HTTPS requests.
|
||||
This new field can be used instead
|
||||
of <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.DialTLS"><code>DialTLS</code></a>,
|
||||
which is now considered deprecated; <code>DialTLS</code> will
|
||||
continue to work, but new code should
|
||||
use <code>DialTLSContext</code>, which allows the transport to
|
||||
cancel dials as soon as they are no longer needed.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 192518, CL 194218 -->
|
||||
On Windows, <a href="/pkg/net/http/#ServeFile"><code>ServeFile</code></a> now correctly
|
||||
serves files larger than 2GB.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/http -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/http/httptest"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/">net/http/httptest</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 201557 -->
|
||||
The
|
||||
new <a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/#Server"><code>Server</code></a>
|
||||
field <a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/#Server.EnableHTTP2"><code>EnableHTTP2</code></a>
|
||||
supports enabling HTTP/2 on the test server.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/http/httptest -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/textproto"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/textproto/">net/textproto</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 200760 -->
|
||||
The
|
||||
new <a href="/pkg/net/textproto/#MIMEHeader"><code>MIMEHeader</code></a>
|
||||
method <a href="/pkg/net/textproto/#MIMEHeader.Values"><code>Values</code></a>
|
||||
can be used to fetch all values associated with a canonicalized
|
||||
key.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/textproto -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/url"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/url/">net/url</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 185117 -->
|
||||
When parsing of a URL fails
|
||||
(for example by <a href="/pkg/net/url/#Parse"><code>Parse</code></a>
|
||||
or <a href="/pkg/net/url/#ParseRequestURI"><code>ParseRequestURI</code></a>),
|
||||
the resulting <a href="/pkg/net/url/#Error.Error"><code>Error</code></a> message
|
||||
will now quote the unparsable URL.
|
||||
This provides clearer structure and consistency with other parsing errors.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/url -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="os/signal"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/signal/">os/signal</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 187739 -->
|
||||
On Windows,
|
||||
the <code>CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT</code>, <code>CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT</code>,
|
||||
and <code>CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT</code> events now generate
|
||||
a <code>syscall.SIGTERM</code> signal, similar to how Control-C
|
||||
and Control-Break generate a <code>syscall.SIGINT</code> signal.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- os/signal -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="plugin"><dt><a href="/pkg/plugin/">plugin</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 191617 -->
|
||||
The <code>plugin</code> package now supports <code>freebsd/amd64</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- plugin -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="reflect"><dt><a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 85661 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/reflect#StructOf"><code>StructOf</code></a> now
|
||||
supports creating struct types with unexported fields, by
|
||||
setting the <code>PkgPath</code> field in
|
||||
a <code>StructField</code> element.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- reflect -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="pkg-runtime"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 200081 -->
|
||||
<code>runtime.Goexit</code> can no longer be aborted by a
|
||||
recursive <code>panic</code>/<code>recover</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 188297, CL 191785 -->
|
||||
On macOS, <code>SIGPIPE</code> is no longer forwarded to signal
|
||||
handlers installed before the Go runtime is initialized.
|
||||
This is necessary because macOS delivers <code>SIGPIPE</code>
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/issue/33384">to the main thread</a>
|
||||
rather than the thread writing to the closed pipe.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- runtime -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="runtime/pprof"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/">runtime/pprof</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 204636, 205097 -->
|
||||
The generated profile no longer includes the pseudo-PCs used for inline
|
||||
marks. Symbol information of inlined functions is encoded in
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/5e96527/proto/profile.proto#L177-L184">the format</a>
|
||||
the pprof tool expects. This is a fix for the regression introduced
|
||||
during recent releases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- runtime/pprof -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="strconv"><dt><a href="/pkg/strconv/">strconv</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/strconv/#NumError"><code>NumError</code></a>
|
||||
type now has
|
||||
an <a href="/pkg/strconv/#NumError.Unwrap"><code>Unwrap</code></a>
|
||||
method that may be used to retrieve the reason that a conversion
|
||||
failed.
|
||||
This supports using <code>NumError</code> values
|
||||
with <a href="/pkg/errors/#Is"><code>errors.Is</code></a> to see
|
||||
if the underlying error
|
||||
is <a href="/pkg/strconv/#pkg-variables"><code>strconv.ErrRange</code></a>
|
||||
or <a href="/pkg/strconv/#pkg-variables"><code>strconv.ErrSyntax</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- strconv -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="sync"><dt><a href="/pkg/sync/">sync</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 200577 -->
|
||||
Unlocking a highly contended <code>Mutex</code> now directly
|
||||
yields the CPU to the next goroutine waiting for
|
||||
that <code>Mutex</code>. This significantly improves the
|
||||
performance of highly contended mutexes on high CPU count
|
||||
machines.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- sync -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="testing"><dt><a href="/pkg/testing/">testing</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 201359 -->
|
||||
The testing package now supports cleanup functions, called after
|
||||
a test or benchmark has finished, by calling
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing#T.Cleanup"><code>T.Cleanup</code></a> or
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing#B.Cleanup"><code>B.Cleanup</code></a> respectively.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- testing -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="text/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/template/">text/template</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 206124 -->
|
||||
The text/template package now correctly reports errors when a
|
||||
parenthesized argument is used as a function.
|
||||
This most commonly shows up in erroneous cases like
|
||||
<code>{{if (eq .F "a") or (eq .F "b")}}</code>.
|
||||
This should be written as <code>{{if or (eq .F "a") (eq .F "b")}}</code>.
|
||||
The erroneous case never worked as expected, and will now be
|
||||
reported with an error <code>can't give argument to non-function</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- text/template -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="unicode"><dt><a href="/pkg/unicode/">unicode</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/unicode/"><code>unicode</code></a> package and associated
|
||||
support throughout the system has been upgraded from Unicode 11.0 to
|
||||
<a href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/">Unicode 12.0</a>,
|
||||
which adds 554 new characters, including four new scripts, and 61 new emoji.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- unicode -->
|
||||
1064
doc/go1.15.html
1064
doc/go1.15.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
953
doc/go1.16.html
953
doc/go1.16.html
|
|
@ -1,953 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Go 1.16 Release Notes",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/go1.16"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
|
||||
set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
|
||||
<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
|
||||
Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">DRAFT RELEASE NOTES — Introduction to Go 1.16</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<strong>
|
||||
Go 1.16 is not yet released. These are work-in-progress
|
||||
release notes. Go 1.16 is expected to be released in February 2021.
|
||||
</strong>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There are no changes to the language.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="darwin">Darwin and iOS</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/38485, golang.org/issue/41385, CL 266373, more CLs -->
|
||||
Go 1.16 adds support of 64-bit ARM architecture on macOS (also known as
|
||||
Apple Silicon) with <code>GOOS=darwin</code>, <code>GOARCH=arm64</code>.
|
||||
Like the <code>darwin/amd64</code> port, the <code>darwin/arm64</code>
|
||||
port supports cgo, internal and external linking, <code>c-archive</code>,
|
||||
<code>c-shared</code>, and <code>pie</code> build modes, and the race
|
||||
detector.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 254740 -->
|
||||
The iOS port, which was previously <code>darwin/arm64</code>, has
|
||||
been renamed to <code>ios/arm64</code>. <code>GOOS=ios</code>
|
||||
implies the
|
||||
<code>darwin</code> build tag, just as <code>GOOS=android</code>
|
||||
implies the <code>linux</code> build tag. This change should be
|
||||
transparent to anyone using gomobile to build iOS apps.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/42100, CL 263798 -->
|
||||
Go 1.16 adds an <code>ios/amd64</code> port, which targets the iOS
|
||||
simulator running on AMD64-based macOS. Previously this was
|
||||
unofficially supported through <code>darwin/amd64</code> with
|
||||
the <code>ios</code> build tag set.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/23011 -->
|
||||
Go 1.16 is the last release that will run on macOS 10.12 Sierra.
|
||||
Go 1.17 will require macOS 10.13 High Sierra or later.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="netbsd">NetBSD</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/30824 -->
|
||||
Go now supports the 64-bit ARM architecture on NetBSD (the
|
||||
<code>netbsd/arm64</code> port).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="openbsd">OpenBSD</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/40995 -->
|
||||
Go now supports the MIPS64 architecture on OpenBSD
|
||||
(the <code>openbsd/mips64</code> port). This port does not yet
|
||||
support cgo.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="386">386</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/40255, golang.org/issue/41848, CL 258957, and CL 260017 -->
|
||||
As <a href="go1.15#386">announced</a> in the Go 1.15 release notes,
|
||||
Go 1.16 drops support for x87 mode compilation (<code>GO386=387</code>).
|
||||
Support for non-SSE2 processors is now available using soft float
|
||||
mode (<code>GO386=softfloat</code>).
|
||||
Users running on non-SSE2 processors should replace <code>GO386=387</code>
|
||||
with <code>GO386=softfloat</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="riscv">RISC-V</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/36641, CL 267317 -->
|
||||
The <code>linux/riscv64</code> port now supports cgo and
|
||||
<code>-buildmode=pie</code>. This release also includes performance
|
||||
optimizations and code generation improvements for RISC-V.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="go-command">Go command</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="modules">Modules</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/41330 -->
|
||||
Module-aware mode is enabled by default, regardless of whether a
|
||||
<code>go.mod</code> file is present in the current working directory or a
|
||||
parent directory. More precisely, the <code>GO111MODULE</code> environment
|
||||
variable now defaults to <code>on</code>. To switch to the previous behavior,
|
||||
set <code>GO111MODULE</code> to <code>auto</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/40728 -->
|
||||
Build commands like <code>go</code> <code>build</code> and <code>go</code>
|
||||
<code>test</code> no longer modify <code>go.mod</code> and <code>go.sum</code>
|
||||
by default. Instead, they report an error if a module requirement or checksum
|
||||
needs to be added or updated (as if the <code>-mod=readonly</code> flag were
|
||||
used). Module requirements and sums may be adjusted with <code>go</code>
|
||||
<code>mod</code> <code>tidy</code> or <code>go</code> <code>get</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/40276 -->
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>install</code> now accepts arguments with
|
||||
version suffixes (for example, <code>go</code> <code>install</code>
|
||||
<code>example.com/cmd@v1.0.0</code>). This causes <code>go</code>
|
||||
<code>install</code> to build and install packages in module-aware mode,
|
||||
ignoring the <code>go.mod</code> file in the current directory or any parent
|
||||
directory, if there is one. This is useful for installing executables without
|
||||
affecting the dependencies of the main module.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/40276 -->
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>install</code>, with or without a version suffix (as
|
||||
described above), is now the recommended way to build and install packages in
|
||||
module mode. <code>go</code> <code>get</code> should be used with the
|
||||
<code>-d</code> flag to adjust the current module's dependencies without
|
||||
building packages, and use of <code>go</code> <code>get</code> to build and
|
||||
install packages is deprecated. In a future release, the <code>-d</code> flag
|
||||
will always be enabled.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/24031 -->
|
||||
<code>retract</code> directives may now be used in a <code>go.mod</code> file
|
||||
to indicate that certain published versions of the module should not be used
|
||||
by other modules. A module author may retract a version after a severe problem
|
||||
is discovered or if the version was published unintentionally.<br>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/26603 -->
|
||||
The <code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>vendor</code>
|
||||
and <code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>tidy</code> subcommands now accept
|
||||
the <code>-e</code> flag, which instructs them to proceed despite errors in
|
||||
resolving missing packages.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/36465 -->
|
||||
The <code>go</code> command now ignores requirements on module versions
|
||||
excluded by <code>exclude</code> directives in the main module. Previously,
|
||||
the <code>go</code> command used the next version higher than an excluded
|
||||
version, but that version could change over time, resulting in
|
||||
non-reproducible builds.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="embed">Embedding Files</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>go</code> command now supports including
|
||||
static files and file trees as part of the final executable,
|
||||
using the new <code>//go:embed</code> directive.
|
||||
See the documentation for the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/embed/"><code>embed</code></a>
|
||||
package for details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="go-test"><code>go</code> <code>test</code></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/29062 -->
|
||||
When using <code>go</code> <code>test</code>, a test that
|
||||
calls <code>os.Exit(0)</code> during execution of a test function
|
||||
will now be considered to fail.
|
||||
This will help catch cases in which a test calls code that calls
|
||||
<code>os.Exit(0)</code> and thereby stops running all future tests.
|
||||
If a <code>TestMain</code> function calls <code>os.Exit(0)</code>
|
||||
that is still considered to be a passing test.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/39484 -->
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>test</code> reports an error when the <code>-c</code>
|
||||
or <code>-i</code> flags are used together with unknown flags. Normally,
|
||||
unknown flags are passed to tests, but when <code>-c</code> or <code>-i</code>
|
||||
are used, tests are not run.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="go-get"><code>go</code> <code>get</code></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/37519 -->
|
||||
The <code>go</code> <code>get</code> <code>-insecure</code> flag is
|
||||
deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This flag permits
|
||||
fetching from repositories and resolving custom domains using insecure
|
||||
schemes such as HTTP, and also bypasses module sum validation using the
|
||||
checksum database. To permit the use of insecure schemes, use the
|
||||
<code>GOINSECURE</code> environment variable instead. To bypass module
|
||||
sum validation, use <code>GOPRIVATE</code> or <code>GONOSUMDB</code>.
|
||||
See <code>go</code> <code>help</code> <code>environment</code> for details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/cl/263267 -->
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>get</code> <code>example.com/mod@patch</code> now
|
||||
requires that some version of <code>example.com/mod</code> already be
|
||||
required by the main module.
|
||||
(However, <code>go</code> <code>get</code> <code>-u=patch</code> continues
|
||||
to patch even newly-added dependencies.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="govcs"><code>GOVCS</code> environment variable</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/266420 -->
|
||||
<code>GOVCS</code> is a new environment variable that limits which version
|
||||
control tools the <code>go</code> command may use to download source code.
|
||||
This mitigates security issues with tools that are typically used in trusted,
|
||||
authenticated environments. By default, <code>git</code> and <code>hg</code>
|
||||
may be used to download code from any repository. <code>svn</code>,
|
||||
<code>bzr</code>, and <code>fossil</code> may only be used to download code
|
||||
from repositories with module paths or package paths matching patterns in
|
||||
the <code>GOPRIVATE</code> environment variable. See
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Controlling_version_control_with_GOVCS"><code>go</code>
|
||||
<code>help</code> <code>vcs</code></a> for details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="all-pattern">The <code>all</code> pattern</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/cl/240623 -->
|
||||
When the main module's <code>go.mod</code> file
|
||||
declares <code>go</code> <code>1.16</code> or higher, the <code>all</code>
|
||||
package pattern now matches only those packages that are transitively imported
|
||||
by a package or test found in the main module. (Packages imported by <em>tests
|
||||
of</em> packages imported by the main module are no longer included.) This is
|
||||
the same set of packages retained
|
||||
by <code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>vendor</code> since Go 1.11.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="toolexec">The <code>-toolexec</code> build flag</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/cl/263357 -->
|
||||
When the <code>-toolexec</code> build flag is specified to use a program when
|
||||
invoking toolchain programs like compile or asm, the environment variable
|
||||
<code>TOOLEXEC_IMPORTPATH</code> is now set to the import path of the package
|
||||
being built.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="i-flag">The <code>-i</code> build flag</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/41696 -->
|
||||
The <code>-i</code> flag accepted by <code>go</code> <code>build</code>,
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>install</code>, and <code>go</code> <code>test</code> is
|
||||
now deprecated. The <code>-i</code> flag instructs the <code>go</code> command
|
||||
to install packages imported by packages named on the command line. Since
|
||||
the build cache was introduced in Go 1.10, the <code>-i</code> flag no longer
|
||||
has a significant effect on build times, and it causes errors when the install
|
||||
directory is not writable.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="list-buildid">The <code>list</code> command</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/cl/263542 -->
|
||||
When the <code>-export</code> flag is specified, the <code>BuildID</code>
|
||||
field is now set to the build ID of the compiled package. This is equivalent
|
||||
to running <code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>buildid</code> on
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>list</code> <code>-exported</code> <code>-f</code> <code>{{.Export}</code>,
|
||||
but without the extra step.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="overlay-flag">The <code>-overlay</code> flag</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/39958 -->
|
||||
The <code>-overlay</code> flag specifies a JSON configuration file containing
|
||||
a set of file path replacements. The <code>-overlay</code> flag may be used
|
||||
with all build commands and <code>go</code> <code>mod</code> subcommands.
|
||||
It is primarily intended to be used by editor tooling such as gopls to
|
||||
understand the effects of unsaved changes to source files. The config file
|
||||
maps actual file paths to replacement file paths and the <code>go</code>
|
||||
command and its builds will run as if the actual file paths exist with the
|
||||
contents given by the replacement file paths, or don't exist if the replacement
|
||||
file paths are empty.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="cgo">Cgo</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 252378 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/cgo">cgo</a> tool will no longer try to translate
|
||||
C struct bitfields into Go struct fields, even if their size can be
|
||||
represented in Go. The order in which C bitfields appear in memory
|
||||
is implementation dependent, so in some cases the cgo tool produced
|
||||
results that were silently incorrect.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="vet">Vet</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="vet-string-int">New warning for invalid testing.T use in
|
||||
goroutines</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 235677 -->
|
||||
The vet tool now warns about invalid calls to the <code>testing.T</code>
|
||||
method <code>Fatal</code> from within a goroutine created during the test.
|
||||
This also warns on calls to <code>Fatalf</code>, <code>FailNow</code>, and
|
||||
<code>Skip{,f,Now}</code> methods on <code>testing.T</code> tests or
|
||||
<code>testing.B</code> benchmarks.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Calls to these methods stop the execution of the created goroutine and not
|
||||
the <code>Test*</code> or <code>Benchmark*</code> function. So these are
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing/#T.FailNow">required</a> to be called by the goroutine
|
||||
running the test or benchmark function. For example:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func TestFoo(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
if condition() {
|
||||
t.Fatal("oops") // This exits the inner func instead of TestFoo.
|
||||
}
|
||||
...
|
||||
}()
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Code calling <code>t.Fatal</code> (or a similar method) from a created
|
||||
goroutine should be rewritten to signal the test failure using
|
||||
<code>t.Error</code> and exit the goroutine early using an alternative
|
||||
method, such as using a <code>return</code> statement. The previous example
|
||||
could be rewritten as:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func TestFoo(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
go func() {
|
||||
if condition() {
|
||||
t.Error("oops")
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
...
|
||||
}()
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 248686, CL 276372 -->
|
||||
The vet tool now warns about amd64 assembly that clobbers the BP
|
||||
register (the frame pointer) without saving and restoring it,
|
||||
contrary to the calling convention. Code that doesn't preserve the
|
||||
BP register must be modified to either not use BP at all or preserve
|
||||
BP by saving and restoring it. An easy way to preserve BP is to set
|
||||
the frame size to a nonzero value, which causes the generated
|
||||
prologue and epilogue to preserve the BP register for you.
|
||||
See <a href="https://golang.org/cl/248260">CL 248260</a> for example
|
||||
fixes.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/runtime/metrics/"><code>runtime/metrics</code></a> package
|
||||
introduces a stable interface for reading
|
||||
implementation-defined metrics from the Go runtime.
|
||||
It supersedes existing functions like
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#ReadMemStats"><code>runtime.ReadMemStats</code></a>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#GCStats"><code>debug.GCStats</code></a>
|
||||
and is significantly more general and efficient.
|
||||
See the package documentation for more details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 254659 -->
|
||||
Setting the <code>GODEBUG</code> environment variable
|
||||
to <code>inittrace=1</code> now causes the runtime to emit a single
|
||||
line to standard error for each package <code>init</code>,
|
||||
summarizing its execution time and memory allocation. This trace can
|
||||
be used to find bottlenecks or regressions in Go startup
|
||||
performance.
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/runtime/#hdr-Environment_Variables"><code>GODEBUG</code>
|
||||
documentation</a> describes the format.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 267100 -->
|
||||
On Linux, the runtime now defaults to releasing memory to the
|
||||
operating system promptly (using <code>MADV_DONTNEED</code>), rather
|
||||
than lazily when the operating system is under memory pressure
|
||||
(using <code>MADV_FREE</code>). This means process-level memory
|
||||
statistics like RSS will more accurately reflect the amount of
|
||||
physical memory being used by Go processes. Systems that are
|
||||
currently using <code>GODEBUG=madvdontneed=1</code> to improve
|
||||
memory monitoring behavior no longer need to set this environment
|
||||
variable.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 220419, CL 271987 -->
|
||||
Go 1.16 fixes a discrepancy between the race detector and
|
||||
the <a href="/ref/mem">Go memory model</a>. The race detector now
|
||||
more precisely follows the channel synchronization rules of the
|
||||
memory model. As a result, the detector may now report races it
|
||||
previously missed.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="compiler">Compiler</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 256459, CL 264837, CL 266203, CL 256460 -->
|
||||
The compiler can now inline functions with
|
||||
non-labeled <code>for</code> loops, method values, and type
|
||||
switches. The inliner can also detect more indirect calls where
|
||||
inlining is possible.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="linker">Linker</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 248197 -->
|
||||
This release includes additional improvements to the Go linker,
|
||||
reducing linker resource usage (both time and memory) and improving
|
||||
code robustness/maintainability. These changes form the second half
|
||||
of a two-release project to
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/s/better-linker">modernize the Go
|
||||
linker</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The linker changes in 1.16 extend the 1.15 improvements to all
|
||||
supported architecture/OS combinations (the 1.15 performance improvements
|
||||
were primarily focused on <code>ELF</code>-based OSes and
|
||||
<code>amd64</code> architectures). For a representative set of
|
||||
large Go programs, linking is 20-25% faster than 1.15 and requires
|
||||
5-15% less memory on average for <code>linux/amd64</code>, with larger
|
||||
improvements for other architectures and OSes. Most binaries are
|
||||
also smaller as a result of more aggressive symbol pruning.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 255259 -->
|
||||
On Windows, <code>go build -buildmode=c-shared</code> now generates Windows
|
||||
ASLR DLLs by default. ASLR can be disabled with <code>--ldflags=-aslr=false</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="library-embed">Embedded Files</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/embed/"><code>embed</code></a> package
|
||||
provides access to files embedded in the program during compilation
|
||||
using the new <a href="#embed"><code>//go:embed</code> directive</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="fs">File Systems</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/io/fs/"><code>io/fs</code></a> package
|
||||
defines an abstraction for read-only trees of files,
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/io/fs/#FS"><code>fs.FS</code></a> interface,
|
||||
and the standard library packages have
|
||||
been adapted to make use of the interface as appropriate.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On the producer side of the interface,
|
||||
the new <a href="/pkg/embed/#FS"><code>embed.FS</code></a> type
|
||||
implements <code>fs.FS</code>, as does
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Reader"><code>zip.Reader</code></a>.
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/os/#DirFS"><code>os.DirFS</code></a> function
|
||||
provides an implementation of <code>fs.FS</code> backed by a tree
|
||||
of operating system files.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On the consumer side,
|
||||
the new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#FS"><code>http.FS</code></a>
|
||||
function converts an <code>fs.FS</code> to an
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Handler"><code>http.Handler</code></a>.
|
||||
Also, the <a href="/pkg/html/template/"><code>html/template</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/text/template/"><code>text/template</code></a>
|
||||
packages’ <a href="/pkg/html/template/#ParseFS"><code>ParseFS</code></a>
|
||||
functions and methods read templates from an <code>fs.FS</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For testing code that implements <code>fs.FS</code>,
|
||||
the new <a href="/pkg/testing/fstest/"><code>testing/fstest</code></a>
|
||||
package provides a <a href="/pkg/testing/fstest/#TestFS"><code>TestFS</code></a>
|
||||
function that checks for and reports common mistakes.
|
||||
It also provides a simple in-memory file system implementation,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing/fstest/#MapFS"><code>MapFS</code></a>,
|
||||
which can be useful for testing code that accepts <code>fs.FS</code>
|
||||
implementations.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- okay-after-beta1
|
||||
TODO: decide if any additional changes are worth factoring out from
|
||||
"Minor changes to the library" and highlighting in "Core library"
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
|
||||
made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
|
||||
in mind.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/dsa"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/dsa/">crypto/dsa</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 257939 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/dsa/"><code>crypto/dsa</code></a> package is now deprecated.
|
||||
See <a href="https://golang.org/issue/40337">issue #40337</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/dsa -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/hmac"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/hmac/">crypto/hmac</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 261960 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/hmac/#New"><code>New</code></a> will now panic if
|
||||
separate calls to the hash generation function fail to return new values.
|
||||
Previously, the behavior was undefined and invalid outputs were sometimes
|
||||
generated.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/hmac -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 256897 -->
|
||||
I/O operations on closing or closed TLS connections can now be detected
|
||||
using the new <a href="/pkg/net/#ErrClosed"><code>net.ErrClosed</code></a>
|
||||
error. A typical use would be <code>errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed)</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 266037 -->
|
||||
A default write deadline is now set in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Conn.Close"><code>Conn.Close</code></a>
|
||||
before sending the "close notify" alert, in order to prevent blocking
|
||||
indefinitely.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 239748 -->
|
||||
Clients now return a handshake error if the server selects
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ConnectionState.NegotiatedProtocol">
|
||||
an ALPN protocol</a> that was not in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.NextProtos">
|
||||
the list advertised by the client</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 262857 -->
|
||||
Servers will now prefer other available AEAD cipher suites (such as ChaCha20Poly1305)
|
||||
over AES-GCM cipher suites if either the client or server doesn't have AES hardware
|
||||
support, unless both <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.PreferServerCipherSuites">
|
||||
<code>Config.PreferServerCipherSuites</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.CipherSuites"><code>Config.CipherSuites</code></a>
|
||||
are set. The client is assumed not to have AES hardware support if it does
|
||||
not signal a preference for AES-GCM cipher suites.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 246637 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.Clone"><code>Config.Clone</code></a> now
|
||||
returns nil if the receiver is nil, rather than panicking.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="crypto/x509"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/">crypto/x509</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>GODEBUG=x509ignoreCN=0</code> flag will be removed in Go 1.17.
|
||||
It enables the legacy behavior of treating the <code>CommonName</code>
|
||||
field on X.509 certificates as a host name when no Subject Alternative
|
||||
Names are present.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 235078 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseCertificate"><code>ParseCertificate</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CreateCertificate"><code>CreateCertificate</code></a>
|
||||
now enforce string encoding restrictions for the <code>DNSNames</code>,
|
||||
<code>EmailAddresses</code>, and <code>URIs</code> fields. These fields
|
||||
can only contain strings with characters within the ASCII range.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 259697 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CreateCertificate"><code>CreateCertificate</code></a>
|
||||
now verifies the generated certificate's signature using the signer's
|
||||
public key. If the signature is invalid, an error is returned, instead of
|
||||
a malformed certificate.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 233163 -->
|
||||
A number of additional fields have been added to the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CertificateRequest"><code>CertificateRequest</code></a> type.
|
||||
These fields are now parsed in <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseCertificateRequest">
|
||||
<code>ParseCertificateRequest</code></a> and marshalled in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CreateCertificateRequest"><code>CreateCertificateRequest</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 257939 -->
|
||||
DSA signature verification is no longer supported. Note that DSA signature
|
||||
generation was never supported.
|
||||
See <a href="https://golang.org/issue/40337">issue #40337</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 257257 -->
|
||||
On Windows, <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate.Verify"><code>Certificate.Verify</code></a>
|
||||
will now return all certificate chains that are built by the platform
|
||||
certificate verifier, instead of just the highest ranked chain.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 262343 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#SystemRootsError.Unwrap"><code>SystemRootsError.Unwrap</code></a>
|
||||
method allows accessing the <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#SystemRootsError.Err"><code>Err</code></a>
|
||||
field through the <a href="/pkg/errors"><code>errors</code></a> package functions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- crypto/x509 -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="encoding/asn1"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1">encoding/asn1</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 255881 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#UnmarshalWithParams"><code>UnmarshalWithParams</code></a>
|
||||
now return an error instead of panicking when the argument is not
|
||||
a pointer or is nil. This change matches the behavior of other
|
||||
encoding packages such as <a href="/pkg/encoding/json"><code>encoding/json</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="encoding/json"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/json/">encoding/json</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 234818 -->
|
||||
The <code>json</code> struct field tags understood by
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Marshal"><code>Marshal</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a>,
|
||||
and related functionality now permit semicolon characters within
|
||||
a JSON object name for a Go struct field.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- encoding/json -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="encoding/xml"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/">encoding/xml</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 264024 -->
|
||||
The encoder has always taken care to avoid using namespace prefixes
|
||||
beginning with <code>xml</code>, which are reserved by the XML
|
||||
specification.
|
||||
Now, following the specification more closely, that check is
|
||||
case-insensitive, so that prefixes beginning
|
||||
with <code>XML</code>, <code>XmL</code>, and so on are also
|
||||
avoided.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- encoding/xml -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="flag"><dt><a href="/pkg/flag/">flag</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 240014 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/flag/#Func"><code>Func</code></a> function
|
||||
allows registering a flag implemented by calling a function,
|
||||
as a lighter-weight alternative to implementing the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/flag/#Value"><code>Value</code></a> interface.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- flag -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="io"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/">io</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 261577 -->
|
||||
The package now defines a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/#ReadSeekCloser"><code>ReadSeekCloser</code></a> interface.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- io -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="log"><dt><a href="/pkg/log/">log</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 264460 -->
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/log/#Default"><code>Default</code></a> function
|
||||
provides access to the default <a href="/pkg/log/#Logger"><code>Logger</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- log -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="log/syslog"><dt><a href="/pkg/log/syslog/">log/syslog</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 264297 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/log/syslog/#Writer"><code>Writer</code></a>
|
||||
now uses the local message format
|
||||
(omitting the host name and using a shorter time stamp)
|
||||
when logging to custom Unix domain sockets,
|
||||
matching the format already used for the default log socket.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- log/syslog -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="mime/multipart"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/">mime/multipart</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 247477 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a>'s
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Reader.ReadForm"><code>ReadForm</code></a>
|
||||
method no longer rejects form data
|
||||
when passed the maximum int64 value as a limit.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- mime/multipart -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 250357 -->
|
||||
The case of I/O on a closed network connection, or I/O on a network
|
||||
connection that is closed before any of the I/O completes, can now
|
||||
be detected using the new <a href="/pkg/net/#ErrClosed"><code>ErrClosed</code></a>
|
||||
error. A typical use would be <code>errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed)</code>.
|
||||
In earlier releases the only way to reliably detect this case was to
|
||||
match the string returned by the <code>Error</code> method
|
||||
with <code>"use of closed network connection"</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 255898 -->
|
||||
In previous Go releases the default TCP listener backlog size on Linux systems,
|
||||
set by <code>/proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn</code>, was limited to a maximum of <code>65535</code>.
|
||||
On Linux kernel version 4.1 and above, the maximum is now <code>4294967295</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 238629 -->
|
||||
On Linux, host name lookups no longer use DNS before checking
|
||||
<code>/etc/hosts</code> when <code>/etc/nsswitch.conf</code>
|
||||
is missing; this is common on musl-based systems and makes
|
||||
Go programs match the behavior of C programs on those systems.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- net -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 233637 -->
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package, the
|
||||
behavior of <a href="/pkg/net/http/#StripPrefix"><code>StripPrefix</code></a>
|
||||
has been changed to strip the prefix from the request URL's
|
||||
<code>RawPath</code> field in addition to its <code>Path</code> field.
|
||||
In past releases, only the <code>Path</code> field was trimmed, and so if the
|
||||
request URL contained any escaped characters the URL would be modified to
|
||||
have mismatched <code>Path</code> and <code>RawPath</code> fields.
|
||||
In Go 1.16, <code>StripPrefix</code> trims both fields.
|
||||
If there are escaped characters in the prefix part of the request URL the
|
||||
handler serves a 404 instead of its previous behavior of invoking the
|
||||
underlying handler with a mismatched <code>Path</code>/<code>RawPath</code> pair.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 252497 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package now rejects HTTP range requests
|
||||
of the form <code>"Range": "bytes=--N"</code> where <code>"-N"</code> is a negative suffix length, for
|
||||
example <code>"Range": "bytes=--2"</code>. It now replies with a <code>416 "Range Not Satisfiable"</code> response.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 256498, golang.org/issue/36990 -->
|
||||
Cookies set with <a href="/pkg/net/http/#SameSiteDefaultMode"><code>SameSiteDefaultMode</code></a>
|
||||
now behave according to the current spec (no attribute is set) instead of
|
||||
generating a SameSite key without a value.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 250039 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Client">Client</a> now sends
|
||||
an explicit <code>Content-Length:</code> <code>0</code>
|
||||
header in <code>PATCH</code> requests with empty bodies,
|
||||
matching the existing behavior of <code>POST</code> and <code>PUT</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 249440 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment"><code>ProxyFromEnvironment</code></a>
|
||||
function no longer returns the setting of the <code>HTTP_PROXY</code>
|
||||
environment variable for <code>https://</code> URLs when
|
||||
<code>HTTPS_PROXY</code> is unset.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/http -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/http/httputil"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/">net/http/httputil</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 260637 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/#ReverseProxy"><code>ReverseProxy</code></a>
|
||||
now flushes buffered data more aggressively when proxying
|
||||
streamed responses with unknown body lengths.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/http/httputil -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="net/smtp"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/smtp/">net/smtp</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 247257 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/smtp/#Client">Client</a>'s
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/smtp/#Client.Mail"><code>Mail</code></a>
|
||||
method now sends the <code>SMTPUTF8</code> directive to
|
||||
servers that support it, signaling that addresses are encoded in UTF-8.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- net/smtp -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="os"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/">os</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 242998 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#Process.Signal"><code>Process.Signal</code></a> now
|
||||
returns <a href="/pkg/os/#ErrProcessDone"><code>ErrProcessDone</code></a>
|
||||
instead of the unexported <code>errFinished</code> when the process has
|
||||
already finished.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- os -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="os/signal"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/signal/">os/signal</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 219640 -->
|
||||
The new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/signal/#NotifyContext"><code>NotifyContext</code></a>
|
||||
function allows creating contexts that are canceled upon arrival of
|
||||
specific signals.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- os/signal -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="path"><dt><a href="/pkg/path/">path</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 264397, golang.org/issues/28614 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/path/#Match"><code>Match</code></a> function now
|
||||
returns an error if the unmatched part of the pattern has a
|
||||
syntax error. Previously, the function returned early on a failed
|
||||
match, and thus did not report any later syntax error in the
|
||||
pattern.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- path -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="path/filepath"><dt><a href="/pkg/path/filepath/">path/filepath</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 264397, golang.org/issues/28614 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/path/filepath#Match"><code>Match</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/path/filepath#Glob"><code>Glob</code></a> functions now
|
||||
return an error if the unmatched part of the pattern has a
|
||||
syntax error. Previously, the functions returned early on a failed
|
||||
match, and thus did not report any later syntax error in the
|
||||
pattern.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- path/filepath -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="reflect"><dt><a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 248341, golang.org/issues/40281 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/reflect/#StructTag"><code>StructTag</code></a>
|
||||
now allows multiple space-separated keys in key:value pairs,
|
||||
as in <code>`json xml:"field1"`</code> (equivalent to
|
||||
<code>`json:"field1" xml:"field1"`</code>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- reflect -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="runtime/debug"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/">runtime/debug</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 249677 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/runtime#Error"><code>runtime.Error</code></a> values
|
||||
used when <code>SetPanicOnFault</code> is enabled may now have an
|
||||
<code>Addr</code> method. If that method exists, it returns the memory
|
||||
address that triggered the fault.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- runtime/debug -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="strconv"><dt><a href="/pkg/strconv/">strconv</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 260858 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#ParseFloat"><code>ParseFloat</code></a> now uses
|
||||
the <a
|
||||
href="https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2020/eisel-lemire.html">Eisel-Lemire
|
||||
algorithm</a>, improving performance by up to a factor of 2. This can
|
||||
also speed up decoding textual formats like <a
|
||||
href="/pkg/encoding/json/"><code>encoding/json</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- strconv -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="syscall"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/">syscall</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 263271 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=windows#NewCallback"><code>NewCallback</code></a>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=windows#NewCallbackCDecl"><code>NewCallbackCDecl</code></a>
|
||||
now correctly support callback functions with multiple
|
||||
sub-<code>uintptr</code>-sized arguments in a row. This may
|
||||
require changing uses of these functions to eliminate manual
|
||||
padding between small arguments.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 261917 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=windows#SysProcAttr"><code>SysProcAttr</code></a> on Windows has a new NoInheritHandles field that disables inheriting handles when creating a new process.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 269761, golang.org/issue/42584 -->
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=windows#DLLError"><code>DLLError</code></a> on Windows now has an Unwrap function for unwrapping its underlying error.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 210639 -->
|
||||
On Linux,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#Setgid"><code>Setgid</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#Setuid"><code>Setuid</code></a>,
|
||||
and related calls are now implemented.
|
||||
Previously, they returned an <code>syscall.EOPNOTSUPP</code> error.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- syscall -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="text/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/template/">text/template</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 254257, golang.org/issue/29770 -->
|
||||
Newlines characters are now allowed inside action delimiters,
|
||||
permitting actions to span multiple lines.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- text/template -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="text/template/parse"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/template/parse/">text/template/parse</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 229398, golang.org/issue/34652 -->
|
||||
A new <a href="/pkg/text/template/parse/#CommentNode"><code>CommentNode</code></a>
|
||||
was added to the parse tree. The <a href="/pkg/text/template/parse/#Mode"><code>Mode</code></a>
|
||||
field in the <code>parse.Tree</code> enables access to it.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- text/template/parse -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="time/tzdata"><dt><a href="/pkg/time/tzdata/">time/tzdata</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 261877 -->
|
||||
The slim timezone data format is now used for the timezone database in
|
||||
<code>$GOROOT/lib/time/zoneinfo.zip</code> and the embedded copy in this
|
||||
package. This reduces the size of the timezone database by about 350 KB.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- time/tzdata -->
|
||||
|
||||
<dl id="unicode"><dt><a href="/pkg/unicode/">unicode</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p><!-- CL 248765 -->
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/unicode/"><code>unicode</code></a> package and associated
|
||||
support throughout the system has been upgraded from Unicode 12.0.0 to
|
||||
<a href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/">Unicode 13.0.0</a>,
|
||||
which adds 5,930 new characters, including four new scripts, and 55 new emoji.
|
||||
Unicode 13.0.0 also designates plane 3 (U+30000-U+3FFFF) as the tertiary
|
||||
ideographic plane.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl><!-- unicode -->
|
||||
1175
doc/go1.17.html
Normal file
1175
doc/go1.17.html
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
979
doc/go1.2.html
979
doc/go1.2.html
|
|
@ -1,979 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Go 1.2 Release Notes",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/go1.2",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.2</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Since the release of <a href="/doc/go1.1.html">Go version 1.1</a> in April, 2013,
|
||||
the release schedule has been shortened to make the release process more efficient.
|
||||
This release, Go version 1.2 or Go 1.2 for short, arrives roughly six months after 1.1,
|
||||
while 1.1 took over a year to appear after 1.0.
|
||||
Because of the shorter time scale, 1.2 is a smaller delta than the step from 1.0 to 1.1,
|
||||
but it still has some significant developments, including
|
||||
a better scheduler and one new language feature.
|
||||
Of course, Go 1.2 keeps the <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise
|
||||
of compatibility</a>.
|
||||
The overwhelming majority of programs built with Go 1.1 (or 1.0 for that matter)
|
||||
will run without any changes whatsoever when moved to 1.2,
|
||||
although the introduction of one restriction
|
||||
to a corner of the language may expose already-incorrect code
|
||||
(see the discussion of the <a href="#use_of_nil">use of nil</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In the interest of firming up the specification, one corner case has been clarified,
|
||||
with consequences for programs.
|
||||
There is also one new language feature.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="use_of_nil">Use of nil</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The language now specifies that, for safety reasons,
|
||||
certain uses of nil pointers are guaranteed to trigger a run-time panic.
|
||||
For instance, in Go 1.0, given code like
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
type T struct {
|
||||
X [1<<24]byte
|
||||
Field int32
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
var x *T
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
the <code>nil</code> pointer <code>x</code> could be used to access memory incorrectly:
|
||||
the expression <code>x.Field</code> could access memory at address <code>1<<24</code>.
|
||||
To prevent such unsafe behavior, in Go 1.2 the compilers now guarantee that any indirection through
|
||||
a nil pointer, such as illustrated here but also in nil pointers to arrays, nil interface values,
|
||||
nil slices, and so on, will either panic or return a correct, safe non-nil value.
|
||||
In short, any expression that explicitly or implicitly requires evaluation of a nil address is an error.
|
||||
The implementation may inject extra tests into the compiled program to enforce this behavior.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Further details are in the
|
||||
<a href="//golang.org/s/go12nil">design document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>:
|
||||
Most code that depended on the old behavior is erroneous and will fail when run.
|
||||
Such programs will need to be updated by hand.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="three_index">Three-index slices</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.2 adds the ability to specify the capacity as well as the length when using a slicing operation
|
||||
on an existing array or slice.
|
||||
A slicing operation creates a new slice by describing a contiguous section of an already-created array or slice:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
var array [10]int
|
||||
slice := array[2:4]
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The capacity of the slice is the maximum number of elements that the slice may hold, even after reslicing;
|
||||
it reflects the size of the underlying array.
|
||||
In this example, the capacity of the <code>slice</code> variable is 8.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.2 adds new syntax to allow a slicing operation to specify the capacity as well as the length.
|
||||
A second
|
||||
colon introduces the capacity value, which must be less than or equal to the capacity of the
|
||||
source slice or array, adjusted for the origin. For instance,
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
slice = array[2:4:7]
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
sets the slice to have the same length as in the earlier example but its capacity is now only 5 elements (7-2).
|
||||
It is impossible to use this new slice value to access the last three elements of the original array.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In this three-index notation, a missing first index (<code>[:i:j]</code>) defaults to zero but the other
|
||||
two indices must always be specified explicitly.
|
||||
It is possible that future releases of Go may introduce default values for these indices.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Further details are in the
|
||||
<a href="//golang.org/s/go12slice">design document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>:
|
||||
This is a backwards-compatible change that affects no existing programs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="impl">Changes to the implementations and tools</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="preemption">Pre-emption in the scheduler</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In prior releases, a goroutine that was looping forever could starve out other
|
||||
goroutines on the same thread, a serious problem when GOMAXPROCS
|
||||
provided only one user thread.
|
||||
In Go 1.2, this is partially addressed: The scheduler is invoked occasionally
|
||||
upon entry to a function.
|
||||
This means that any loop that includes a (non-inlined) function call can
|
||||
be pre-empted, allowing other goroutines to run on the same thread.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="thread_limit">Limit on the number of threads</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.2 introduces a configurable limit (default 10,000) to the total number of threads
|
||||
a single program may have in its address space, to avoid resource starvation
|
||||
issues in some environments.
|
||||
Note that goroutines are multiplexed onto threads so this limit does not directly
|
||||
limit the number of goroutines, only the number that may be simultaneously blocked
|
||||
in a system call.
|
||||
In practice, the limit is hard to reach.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The new <a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#SetMaxThreads"><code>SetMaxThreads</code></a> function in the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/"><code>runtime/debug</code></a> package controls the thread count limit.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>:
|
||||
Few functions will be affected by the limit, but if a program dies because it hits the
|
||||
limit, it could be modified to call <code>SetMaxThreads</code> to set a higher count.
|
||||
Even better would be to refactor the program to need fewer threads, reducing consumption
|
||||
of kernel resources.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="stack_size">Stack size</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In Go 1.2, the minimum size of the stack when a goroutine is created has been lifted from 4KB to 8KB.
|
||||
Many programs were suffering performance problems with the old size, which had a tendency
|
||||
to introduce expensive stack-segment switching in performance-critical sections.
|
||||
The new number was determined by empirical testing.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
At the other end, the new function <a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#SetMaxStack"><code>SetMaxStack</code></a>
|
||||
in the <a href="/pkg/runtime/debug"><code>runtime/debug</code></a> package controls
|
||||
the <em>maximum</em> size of a single goroutine's stack.
|
||||
The default is 1GB on 64-bit systems and 250MB on 32-bit systems.
|
||||
Before Go 1.2, it was too easy for a runaway recursion to consume all the memory on a machine.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>:
|
||||
The increased minimum stack size may cause programs with many goroutines to use
|
||||
more memory. There is no workaround, but plans for future releases
|
||||
include new stack management technology that should address the problem better.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="cgo_and_cpp">Cgo and C++</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/cgo/"><code>cgo</code></a> command will now invoke the C++
|
||||
compiler to build any pieces of the linked-to library that are written in C++;
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/cgo/">the documentation</a> has more detail.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="go_tools_godoc">Godoc and vet moved to the go.tools subrepository</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Both binaries are still included with the distribution, but the source code for the
|
||||
godoc and vet commands has moved to the
|
||||
<a href="//code.google.com/p/go.tools">go.tools</a> subrepository.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Also, the core of the godoc program has been split into a
|
||||
<a href="https://code.google.com/p/go/source/browse/?repo=tools#hg%2Fgodoc">library</a>,
|
||||
while the command itself is in a separate
|
||||
<a href="https://code.google.com/p/go/source/browse/?repo=tools#hg%2Fcmd%2Fgodoc">directory</a>.
|
||||
The move allows the code to be updated easily and the separation into a library and command
|
||||
makes it easier to construct custom binaries for local sites and different deployment methods.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>:
|
||||
Since godoc and vet are not part of the library,
|
||||
no client Go code depends on the their source and no updating is required.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The binary distributions available from <a href="//golang.org">golang.org</a>
|
||||
include these binaries, so users of these distributions are unaffected.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When building from source, users must use "go get" to install godoc and vet.
|
||||
(The binaries will continue to be installed in their usual locations, not
|
||||
<code>$GOPATH/bin</code>.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go get code.google.com/p/go.tools/cmd/godoc
|
||||
$ go get code.google.com/p/go.tools/cmd/vet
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gccgo">Status of gccgo</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We expect the future GCC 4.9 release to include gccgo with full
|
||||
support for Go 1.2.
|
||||
In the current (4.8.2) release of GCC, gccgo implements Go 1.1.2.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gc_changes">Changes to the gc compiler and linker</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.2 has several semantic changes to the workings of the gc compiler suite.
|
||||
Most users will be unaffected by them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/cgo/"><code>cgo</code></a> command now
|
||||
works when C++ is included in the library being linked against.
|
||||
See the <a href="/cmd/cgo/"><code>cgo</code></a> documentation
|
||||
for details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The gc compiler displayed a vestigial detail of its origins when
|
||||
a program had no <code>package</code> clause: it assumed
|
||||
the file was in package <code>main</code>.
|
||||
The past has been erased, and a missing <code>package</code> clause
|
||||
is now an error.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On the ARM, the toolchain supports "external linking", which
|
||||
is a step towards being able to build shared libraries with the gc
|
||||
toolchain and to provide dynamic linking support for environments
|
||||
in which that is necessary.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In the runtime for the ARM, with <code>5a</code>, it used to be possible to refer
|
||||
to the runtime-internal <code>m</code> (machine) and <code>g</code>
|
||||
(goroutine) variables using <code>R9</code> and <code>R10</code> directly.
|
||||
It is now necessary to refer to them by their proper names.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Also on the ARM, the <code>5l</code> linker (sic) now defines the
|
||||
<code>MOVBS</code> and <code>MOVHS</code> instructions
|
||||
as synonyms of <code>MOVB</code> and <code>MOVH</code>,
|
||||
to make clearer the separation between signed and unsigned
|
||||
sub-word moves; the unsigned versions already existed with a
|
||||
<code>U</code> suffix.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="cover">Test coverage</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
One major new feature of <a href="/pkg/go/"><code>go test</code></a> is
|
||||
that it can now compute and, with help from a new, separately installed
|
||||
"go tool cover" program, display test coverage results.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The cover tool is part of the
|
||||
<a href="https://code.google.com/p/go/source/checkout?repo=tools"><code>go.tools</code></a>
|
||||
subrepository.
|
||||
It can be installed by running
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go get code.google.com/p/go.tools/cmd/cover
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The cover tool does two things.
|
||||
First, when "go test" is given the <code>-cover</code> flag, it is run automatically
|
||||
to rewrite the source for the package and insert instrumentation statements.
|
||||
The test is then compiled and run as usual, and basic coverage statistics are reported:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go test -cover fmt
|
||||
ok fmt 0.060s coverage: 91.4% of statements
|
||||
$
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Second, for more detailed reports, different flags to "go test" can create a coverage profile file,
|
||||
which the cover program, invoked with "go tool cover", can then analyze.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Details on how to generate and analyze coverage statistics can be found by running the commands
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go help testflag
|
||||
$ go tool cover -help
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="go_doc">The go doc command is deleted</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The "go doc" command is deleted.
|
||||
Note that the <a href="/cmd/godoc/"><code>godoc</code></a> tool itself is not deleted,
|
||||
just the wrapping of it by the <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go</code></a> command.
|
||||
All it did was show the documents for a package by package path,
|
||||
which godoc itself already does with more flexibility.
|
||||
It has therefore been deleted to reduce the number of documentation tools and,
|
||||
as part of the restructuring of godoc, encourage better options in future.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: For those who still need the precise functionality of running
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ go doc
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
in a directory, the behavior is identical to running
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
$ godoc .
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gocmd">Changes to the go command</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go get</code></a> command
|
||||
now has a <code>-t</code> flag that causes it to download the dependencies
|
||||
of the tests run by the package, not just those of the package itself.
|
||||
By default, as before, dependencies of the tests are not downloaded.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="performance">Performance</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There are a number of significant performance improvements in the standard library; here are a few of them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/compress/bzip2/"><code>compress/bzip2</code></a>
|
||||
decompresses about 30% faster.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/des/"><code>crypto/des</code></a> package
|
||||
is about five times faster.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/"><code>encoding/json</code></a> package
|
||||
encodes about 30% faster.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Networking performance on Windows and BSD systems is about 30% faster through the use
|
||||
of an integrated network poller in the runtime, similar to what was done for Linux and OS X
|
||||
in Go 1.1.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="library">Changes to the standard library</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="archive_tar_zip">The archive/tar and archive/zip packages</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/tar/"><code>archive/tar</code></a>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/"><code>archive/zip</code></a>
|
||||
packages have had a change to their semantics that may break existing programs.
|
||||
The issue is that they both provided an implementation of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#FileInfo"><code>os.FileInfo</code></a>
|
||||
interface that was not compliant with the specification for that interface.
|
||||
In particular, their <code>Name</code> method returned the full
|
||||
path name of the entry, but the interface specification requires that
|
||||
the method return only the base name (final path element).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Since this behavior was newly implemented and
|
||||
a bit obscure, it is possible that no code depends on the broken behavior.
|
||||
If there are programs that do depend on it, they will need to be identified
|
||||
and fixed manually.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="encoding">The new encoding package</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There is a new package, <a href="/pkg/encoding/"><code>encoding</code></a>,
|
||||
that defines a set of standard encoding interfaces that may be used to
|
||||
build custom marshalers and unmarshalers for packages such as
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/"><code>encoding/xml</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/"><code>encoding/json</code></a>,
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/"><code>encoding/binary</code></a>.
|
||||
These new interfaces have been used to tidy up some implementations in
|
||||
the standard library.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The new interfaces are called
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#BinaryMarshaler"><code>BinaryMarshaler</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#BinaryUnmarshaler"><code>BinaryUnmarshaler</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextMarshaler"><code>TextMarshaler</code></a>,
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextUnmarshaler"><code>TextUnmarshaler</code></a>.
|
||||
Full details are in the <a href="/pkg/encoding/">documentation</a> for the package
|
||||
and a separate <a href="//golang.org/s/go12encoding">design document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="fmt_indexed_arguments">The fmt package</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/fmt/"><code>fmt</code></a> package's formatted print
|
||||
routines such as <a href="/pkg/fmt/#Printf"><code>Printf</code></a>
|
||||
now allow the data items to be printed to be accessed in arbitrary order
|
||||
by using an indexing operation in the formatting specifications.
|
||||
Wherever an argument is to be fetched from the argument list for formatting,
|
||||
either as the value to be formatted or as a width or specification integer,
|
||||
a new optional indexing notation <code>[</code><em>n</em><code>]</code>
|
||||
fetches argument <em>n</em> instead.
|
||||
The value of <em>n</em> is 1-indexed.
|
||||
After such an indexing operating, the next argument to be fetched by normal
|
||||
processing will be <em>n</em>+1.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For example, the normal <code>Printf</code> call
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
fmt.Sprintf("%c %c %c\n", 'a', 'b', 'c')
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
would create the string <code>"a b c"</code>, but with indexing operations like this,
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
fmt.Sprintf("%[3]c %[1]c %c\n", 'a', 'b', 'c')
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
the result is "<code>"c a b"</code>. The <code>[3]</code> index accesses the third formatting
|
||||
argument, which is <code>'c'</code>, <code>[1]</code> accesses the first, <code>'a'</code>,
|
||||
and then the next fetch accesses the argument following that one, <code>'b'</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The motivation for this feature is programmable format statements to access
|
||||
the arguments in different order for localization, but it has other uses:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
log.Printf("trace: value %v of type %[1]T\n", expensiveFunction(a.b[c]))
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: The change to the syntax of format specifications
|
||||
is strictly backwards compatible, so it affects no working programs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="text_template">The text/template and html/template packages</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/text/template/"><code>text/template</code></a> package
|
||||
has a couple of changes in Go 1.2, both of which are also mirrored in the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/html/template/"><code>html/template</code></a> package.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First, there are new default functions for comparing basic types.
|
||||
The functions are listed in this table, which shows their names and
|
||||
the associated familiar comparison operator.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<table cellpadding="0" summary="Template comparison functions">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th width="50"></th><th width="100">Name</th> <th width="50">Operator</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td><td><code>eq</code></td> <td><code>==</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td><td><code>ne</code></td> <td><code>!=</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td><td><code>lt</code></td> <td><code><</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td><td><code>le</code></td> <td><code><=</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td><td><code>gt</code></td> <td><code>></code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td><td><code>ge</code></td> <td><code>>=</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
These functions behave slightly differently from the corresponding Go operators.
|
||||
First, they operate only on basic types (<code>bool</code>, <code>int</code>,
|
||||
<code>float64</code>, <code>string</code>, etc.).
|
||||
(Go allows comparison of arrays and structs as well, under some circumstances.)
|
||||
Second, values can be compared as long as they are the same sort of value:
|
||||
any signed integer value can be compared to any other signed integer value for example. (Go
|
||||
does not permit comparing an <code>int8</code> and an <code>int16</code>).
|
||||
Finally, the <code>eq</code> function (only) allows comparison of the first
|
||||
argument with one or more following arguments. The template in this example,
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
{{"{{"}}if eq .A 1 2 3 {{"}}"}} equal {{"{{"}}else{{"}}"}} not equal {{"{{"}}end{{"}}"}}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
reports "equal" if <code>.A</code> is equal to <em>any</em> of 1, 2, or 3.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The second change is that a small addition to the grammar makes "if else if" chains easier to write.
|
||||
Instead of writing,
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
{{"{{"}}if eq .A 1{{"}}"}} X {{"{{"}}else{{"}}"}} {{"{{"}}if eq .A 2{{"}}"}} Y {{"{{"}}end{{"}}"}} {{"{{"}}end{{"}}"}}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
one can fold the second "if" into the "else" and have only one "end", like this:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
{{"{{"}}if eq .A 1{{"}}"}} X {{"{{"}}else if eq .A 2{{"}}"}} Y {{"{{"}}end{{"}}"}}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The two forms are identical in effect; the difference is just in the syntax.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Neither the "else if" change nor the comparison functions
|
||||
affect existing programs. Those that
|
||||
already define functions called <code>eq</code> and so on through a function
|
||||
map are unaffected because the associated function map will override the new
|
||||
default function definitions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="new_packages">New packages</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There are two new packages.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/"><code>encoding</code></a> package is
|
||||
<a href="#encoding">described above</a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/image/color/palette/"><code>image/color/palette</code></a> package
|
||||
provides standard color palettes.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The following list summarizes a number of minor changes to the library, mostly additions.
|
||||
See the relevant package documentation for more information about each change.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/archive/zip/"><code>archive/zip</code></a> package
|
||||
adds the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#File.DataOffset"><code>DataOffset</code></a> accessor
|
||||
to return the offset of a file's (possibly compressed) data within the archive.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/bufio/"><code>bufio</code></a> package
|
||||
adds <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Reader.Reset"><code>Reset</code></a>
|
||||
methods to <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/bufio/#Writer"><code>Writer</code></a>.
|
||||
These methods allow the <a href="/pkg/io/#Reader"><code>Readers</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/io/#Writer"><code>Writers</code></a>
|
||||
to be re-used on new input and output readers and writers, saving
|
||||
allocation overhead.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/compress/bzip2/"><code>compress/bzip2</code></a>
|
||||
can now decompress concatenated archives.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/compress/flate/"><code>compress/flate</code></a>
|
||||
package adds a <a href="/pkg/compress/flate/#Writer.Reset"><code>Reset</code></a>
|
||||
method on the <a href="/pkg/compress/flate/#Writer"><code>Writer</code></a>,
|
||||
to make it possible to reduce allocation when, for instance, constructing an
|
||||
archive to hold multiple compressed files.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/compress/gzip/"><code>compress/gzip</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/gzip/#Writer"><code>Writer</code></a> type adds a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/gzip/#Writer.Reset"><code>Reset</code></a>
|
||||
so it may be reused.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/compress/zlib/"><code>compress/zlib</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/zlib/#Writer"><code>Writer</code></a> type adds a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/zlib/#Writer.Reset"><code>Reset</code></a>
|
||||
so it may be reused.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/container/heap/"><code>container/heap</code></a> package
|
||||
adds a <a href="/pkg/container/heap/#Fix"><code>Fix</code></a>
|
||||
method to provide a more efficient way to update an item's position in the heap.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/container/list/"><code>container/list</code></a> package
|
||||
adds the <a href="/pkg/container/list/#List.MoveBefore"><code>MoveBefore</code></a>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/container/list/#List.MoveAfter"><code>MoveAfter</code></a>
|
||||
methods, which implement the obvious rearrangement.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/cipher/"><code>crypto/cipher</code></a> package
|
||||
adds the a new GCM mode (Galois Counter Mode), which is almost always
|
||||
used with AES encryption.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/md5/"><code>crypto/md5</code></a> package
|
||||
adds a new <a href="/pkg/crypto/md5/#Sum"><code>Sum</code></a> function
|
||||
to simplify hashing without sacrificing performance.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Similarly, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/md5/"><code>crypto/sha1</code></a> package
|
||||
adds a new <a href="/pkg/crypto/sha1/#Sum"><code>Sum</code></a> function.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/sha256/"><code>crypto/sha256</code></a> package
|
||||
adds <a href="/pkg/crypto/sha256/#Sum256"><code>Sum256</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/crypto/sha256/#Sum224"><code>Sum224</code></a> functions.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Finally, the <a href="/pkg/crypto/sha512/"><code>crypto/sha512</code></a> package
|
||||
adds <a href="/pkg/crypto/sha512/#Sum512"><code>Sum512</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/sha512/#Sum384"><code>Sum384</code></a> functions.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/"><code>crypto/x509</code></a> package
|
||||
adds support for reading and writing arbitrary extensions.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/"><code>crypto/tls</code></a> package adds
|
||||
support for TLS 1.1, 1.2 and AES-GCM.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/database/sql/"><code>database/sql</code></a> package adds a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/database/sql/#DB.SetMaxOpenConns"><code>SetMaxOpenConns</code></a>
|
||||
method on <a href="/pkg/database/sql/#DB"><code>DB</code></a> to limit the
|
||||
number of open connections to the database.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/"><code>encoding/csv</code></a> package
|
||||
now always allows trailing commas on fields.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/gob/"><code>encoding/gob</code></a> package
|
||||
now treats channel and function fields of structures as if they were unexported,
|
||||
even if they are not. That is, it ignores them completely. Previously they would
|
||||
trigger an error, which could cause unexpected compatibility problems if an
|
||||
embedded structure added such a field.
|
||||
The package also now supports the generic <code>BinaryMarshaler</code> and
|
||||
<code>BinaryUnmarshaler</code> interfaces of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/"><code>encoding</code></a> package
|
||||
described above.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/"><code>encoding/json</code></a> package
|
||||
now will always escape ampersands as "\u0026" when printing strings.
|
||||
It will now accept but correct invalid UTF-8 in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Marshal"><code>Marshal</code></a>
|
||||
(such input was previously rejected).
|
||||
Finally, it now supports the generic encoding interfaces of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/"><code>encoding</code></a> package
|
||||
described above.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/"><code>encoding/xml</code></a> package
|
||||
now allows attributes stored in pointers to be marshaled.
|
||||
It also supports the generic encoding interfaces of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/"><code>encoding</code></a> package
|
||||
described above through the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Marshaler"><code>Marshaler</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Unmarshaler"><code>Unmarshaler</code></a>,
|
||||
and related
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#MarshalerAttr"><code>MarshalerAttr</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#UnmarshalerAttr"><code>UnmarshalerAttr</code></a>
|
||||
interfaces.
|
||||
The package also adds a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Encoder.Flush"><code>Flush</code></a> method
|
||||
to the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Encoder"><code>Encoder</code></a>
|
||||
type for use by custom encoders. See the documentation for
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Encoder.EncodeToken"><code>EncodeToken</code></a>
|
||||
to see how to use it.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/flag/"><code>flag</code></a> package now
|
||||
has a <a href="/pkg/flag/#Getter"><code>Getter</code></a> interface
|
||||
to allow the value of a flag to be retrieved. Due to the
|
||||
Go 1 compatibility guidelines, this method cannot be added to the existing
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/flag/#Value"><code>Value</code></a>
|
||||
interface, but all the existing standard flag types implement it.
|
||||
The package also now exports the <a href="/pkg/flag/#CommandLine"><code>CommandLine</code></a>
|
||||
flag set, which holds the flags from the command line.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/go/ast/"><code>go/ast</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/go/ast/#SliceExpr"><code>SliceExpr</code></a> struct
|
||||
has a new boolean field, <code>Slice3</code>, which is set to true
|
||||
when representing a slice expression with three indices (two colons).
|
||||
The default is false, representing the usual two-index form.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/go/build/"><code>go/build</code></a> package adds
|
||||
the <code>AllTags</code> field
|
||||
to the <a href="/pkg/go/build/#Package"><code>Package</code></a> type,
|
||||
to make it easier to process build tags.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/image/draw/"><code>image/draw</code></a> package now
|
||||
exports an interface, <a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Drawer"><code>Drawer</code></a>,
|
||||
that wraps the standard <a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Draw"><code>Draw</code></a> method.
|
||||
The Porter-Duff operators now implement this interface, in effect binding an operation to
|
||||
the draw operator rather than providing it explicitly.
|
||||
Given a paletted image as its destination, the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/#FloydSteinberg"><code>FloydSteinberg</code></a>
|
||||
implementation of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Drawer"><code>Drawer</code></a>
|
||||
interface will use the Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion algorithm to draw the image.
|
||||
To create palettes suitable for such processing, the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Quantizer"><code>Quantizer</code></a> interface
|
||||
represents implementations of quantization algorithms that choose a palette
|
||||
given a full-color image.
|
||||
There are no implementations of this interface in the library.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/image/gif/"><code>image/gif</code></a> package
|
||||
can now create GIF files using the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/gif/#Encode"><code>Encode</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/image/gif/#EncodeAll"><code>EncodeAll</code></a>
|
||||
functions.
|
||||
Their options argument allows specification of an image
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Quantizer"><code>Quantizer</code></a> to use;
|
||||
if it is <code>nil</code>, the generated GIF will use the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/color/palette/#Plan9"><code>Plan9</code></a>
|
||||
color map (palette) defined in the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/color/palette/"><code>image/color/palette</code></a> package.
|
||||
The options also specify a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Drawer"><code>Drawer</code></a>
|
||||
to use to create the output image;
|
||||
if it is <code>nil</code>, Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion is used.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/io/#Copy"><code>Copy</code></a> method of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/"><code>io</code></a> package now prioritizes its
|
||||
arguments differently.
|
||||
If one argument implements <a href="/pkg/io/#WriterTo"><code>WriterTo</code></a>
|
||||
and the other implements <a href="/pkg/io/#ReaderFrom"><code>ReaderFrom</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/#Copy"><code>Copy</code></a> will now invoke
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/#WriterTo"><code>WriterTo</code></a> to do the work,
|
||||
so that less intermediate buffering is required in general.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/"><code>net</code></a> package requires cgo by default
|
||||
because the host operating system must in general mediate network call setup.
|
||||
On some systems, though, it is possible to use the network without cgo, and useful
|
||||
to do so, for instance to avoid dynamic linking.
|
||||
The new build tag <code>netgo</code> (off by default) allows the construction of a
|
||||
<code>net</code> package in pure Go on those systems where it is possible.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/"><code>net</code></a> package adds a new field
|
||||
<code>DualStack</code> to the <a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer"><code>Dialer</code></a>
|
||||
struct for TCP connection setup using a dual IP stack as described in
|
||||
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6555">RFC 6555</a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package will no longer
|
||||
transmit cookies that are incorrect according to
|
||||
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265">RFC 6265</a>.
|
||||
It just logs an error and sends nothing.
|
||||
Also,
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ReadResponse"><code>ReadResponse</code></a>
|
||||
function now permits the <code>*Request</code> parameter to be <code>nil</code>,
|
||||
whereupon it assumes a GET request.
|
||||
Finally, an HTTP server will now serve HEAD
|
||||
requests transparently, without the need for special casing in handler code.
|
||||
While serving a HEAD request, writes to a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Handler"><code>Handler</code></a>'s
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ResponseWriter"><code>ResponseWriter</code></a>
|
||||
are absorbed by the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server"><code>Server</code></a>
|
||||
and the client receives an empty body as required by the HTTP specification.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/os/exec/"><code>os/exec</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/exec/#Cmd.StdinPipe"><code>Cmd.StdinPipe</code></a> method
|
||||
returns an <code>io.WriteCloser</code>, but has changed its concrete
|
||||
implementation from <code>*os.File</code> to an unexported type that embeds
|
||||
<code>*os.File</code>, and it is now safe to close the returned value.
|
||||
Before Go 1.2, there was an unavoidable race that this change fixes.
|
||||
Code that needs access to the methods of <code>*os.File</code> can use an
|
||||
interface type assertion, such as <code>wc.(interface{ Sync() error })</code>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/runtime/"><code>runtime</code></a> package relaxes
|
||||
the constraints on finalizer functions in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#SetFinalizer"><code>SetFinalizer</code></a>: the
|
||||
actual argument can now be any type that is assignable to the formal type of
|
||||
the function, as is the case for any normal function call in Go.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/sort/"><code>sort</code></a> package has a new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sort/#Stable"><code>Stable</code></a> function that implements
|
||||
stable sorting. It is less efficient than the normal sort algorithm, however.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/strings/"><code>strings</code></a> package adds
|
||||
an <a href="/pkg/strings/#IndexByte"><code>IndexByte</code></a>
|
||||
function for consistency with the <a href="/pkg/bytes/"><code>bytes</code></a> package.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/"><code>sync/atomic</code></a> package
|
||||
adds a new set of swap functions that atomically exchange the argument with the
|
||||
value stored in the pointer, returning the old value.
|
||||
The functions are
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#SwapInt32"><code>SwapInt32</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#SwapInt64"><code>SwapInt64</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#SwapUint32"><code>SwapUint32</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#SwapUint64"><code>SwapUint64</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#SwapUintptr"><code>SwapUintptr</code></a>,
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#SwapPointer"><code>SwapPointer</code></a>,
|
||||
which swaps an <code>unsafe.Pointer</code>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/syscall/"><code>syscall</code></a> package now implements
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#Sendfile"><code>Sendfile</code></a> for Darwin.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/testing/"><code>testing</code></a> package
|
||||
now exports the <a href="/pkg/testing/#TB"><code>TB</code></a> interface.
|
||||
It records the methods in common with the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing/#T"><code>T</code></a>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing/#B"><code>B</code></a> types,
|
||||
to make it easier to share code between tests and benchmarks.
|
||||
Also, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing/#AllocsPerRun"><code>AllocsPerRun</code></a>
|
||||
function now quantizes the return value to an integer (although it
|
||||
still has type <code>float64</code>), to round off any error caused by
|
||||
initialization and make the result more repeatable.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/text/template/"><code>text/template</code></a> package
|
||||
now automatically dereferences pointer values when evaluating the arguments
|
||||
to "escape" functions such as "html", to bring the behavior of such functions
|
||||
in agreement with that of other printing functions such as "printf".
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/time/"><code>time</code></a> package, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/time/#Parse"><code>Parse</code></a> function
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/time/#Time.Format"><code>Format</code></a>
|
||||
method
|
||||
now handle time zone offsets with seconds, such as in the historical
|
||||
date "1871-01-01T05:33:02+00:34:08".
|
||||
Also, pattern matching in the formats for those routines is stricter: a non-lowercase letter
|
||||
must now follow the standard words such as "Jan" and "Mon".
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/unicode/"><code>unicode</code></a> package
|
||||
adds <a href="/pkg/unicode/#In"><code>In</code></a>,
|
||||
a nicer-to-use but equivalent version of the original
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/unicode/#IsOneOf"><code>IsOneOf</code></a>,
|
||||
to see whether a character is a member of a Unicode category.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
608
doc/go1.3.html
608
doc/go1.3.html
|
|
@ -1,608 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Go 1.3 Release Notes",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/go1.3",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.3</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The latest Go release, version 1.3, arrives six months after 1.2,
|
||||
and contains no language changes.
|
||||
It focuses primarily on implementation work, providing
|
||||
precise garbage collection,
|
||||
a major refactoring of the compiler toolchain that results in
|
||||
faster builds, especially for large projects,
|
||||
significant performance improvements across the board,
|
||||
and support for DragonFly BSD, Solaris, Plan 9 and Google's Native Client architecture (NaCl).
|
||||
It also has an important refinement to the memory model regarding synchronization.
|
||||
As always, Go 1.3 keeps the <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise
|
||||
of compatibility</a>,
|
||||
and almost everything
|
||||
will continue to compile and run without change when moved to 1.3.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="os">Changes to the supported operating systems and architectures</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="win2000">Removal of support for Windows 2000</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Microsoft stopped supporting Windows 2000 in 2010.
|
||||
Since it has <a href="https://codereview.appspot.com/74790043">implementation difficulties</a>
|
||||
regarding exception handling (signals in Unix terminology),
|
||||
as of Go 1.3 it is not supported by Go either.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="dragonfly">Support for DragonFly BSD</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.3 now includes experimental support for DragonFly BSD on the <code>amd64</code> (64-bit x86) and <code>386</code> (32-bit x86) architectures.
|
||||
It uses DragonFly BSD 3.6 or above.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="freebsd">Support for FreeBSD</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
It was not announced at the time, but since the release of Go 1.2, support for Go on FreeBSD
|
||||
requires FreeBSD 8 or above.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As of Go 1.3, support for Go on FreeBSD requires that the kernel be compiled with the
|
||||
<code>COMPAT_FREEBSD32</code> flag configured.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In concert with the switch to EABI syscalls for ARM platforms, Go 1.3 will run only on FreeBSD 10.
|
||||
The x86 platforms, 386 and amd64, are unaffected.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="nacl">Support for Native Client</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Support for the Native Client virtual machine architecture has returned to Go with the 1.3 release.
|
||||
It runs on the 32-bit Intel architectures (<code>GOARCH=386</code>) and also on 64-bit Intel, but using
|
||||
32-bit pointers (<code>GOARCH=amd64p32</code>).
|
||||
There is not yet support for Native Client on ARM.
|
||||
Note that this is Native Client (NaCl), not Portable Native Client (PNaCl).
|
||||
Details about Native Client are <a href="https://developers.google.com/native-client/dev/">here</a>;
|
||||
how to set up the Go version is described <a href="//golang.org/wiki/NativeClient">here</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="netbsd">Support for NetBSD</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As of Go 1.3, support for Go on NetBSD requires NetBSD 6.0 or above.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="openbsd">Support for OpenBSD</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As of Go 1.3, support for Go on OpenBSD requires OpenBSD 5.5 or above.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="plan9">Support for Plan 9</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.3 now includes experimental support for Plan 9 on the <code>386</code> (32-bit x86) architecture.
|
||||
It requires the <code>Tsemacquire</code> syscall, which has been in Plan 9 since June, 2012.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="solaris">Support for Solaris</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.3 now includes experimental support for Solaris on the <code>amd64</code> (64-bit x86) architecture.
|
||||
It requires illumos, Solaris 11 or above.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="memory">Changes to the memory model</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Go 1.3 memory model <a href="https://codereview.appspot.com/75130045">adds a new rule</a>
|
||||
concerning sending and receiving on buffered channels,
|
||||
to make explicit that a buffered channel can be used as a simple
|
||||
semaphore, using a send into the
|
||||
channel to acquire and a receive from the channel to release.
|
||||
This is not a language change, just a clarification about an expected property of communication.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="impl">Changes to the implementations and tools</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="stacks">Stack</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.3 has changed the implementation of goroutine stacks away from the old,
|
||||
"segmented" model to a contiguous model.
|
||||
When a goroutine needs more stack
|
||||
than is available, its stack is transferred to a larger single block of memory.
|
||||
The overhead of this transfer operation amortizes well and eliminates the old "hot spot"
|
||||
problem when a calculation repeatedly steps across a segment boundary.
|
||||
Details including performance numbers are in this
|
||||
<a href="//golang.org/s/contigstacks">design document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="garbage_collector">Changes to the garbage collector</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For a while now, the garbage collector has been <em>precise</em> when examining
|
||||
values in the heap; the Go 1.3 release adds equivalent precision to values on the stack.
|
||||
This means that a non-pointer Go value such as an integer will never be mistaken for a
|
||||
pointer and prevent unused memory from being reclaimed.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Starting with Go 1.3, the runtime assumes that values with pointer type
|
||||
contain pointers and other values do not.
|
||||
This assumption is fundamental to the precise behavior of both stack expansion
|
||||
and garbage collection.
|
||||
Programs that use <a href="/pkg/unsafe/">package unsafe</a>
|
||||
to store integers in pointer-typed values are illegal and will crash if the runtime detects the behavior.
|
||||
Programs that use <a href="/pkg/unsafe/">package unsafe</a> to store pointers
|
||||
in integer-typed values are also illegal but more difficult to diagnose during execution.
|
||||
Because the pointers are hidden from the runtime, a stack expansion or garbage collection
|
||||
may reclaim the memory they point at, creating
|
||||
<a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangling_pointer">dangling pointers</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Code that uses <code>unsafe.Pointer</code> to convert
|
||||
an integer-typed value held in memory into a pointer is illegal and must be rewritten.
|
||||
Such code can be identified by <code>go vet</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="map">Map iteration</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Iterations over small maps no longer happen in a consistent order.
|
||||
Go 1 defines that “<a href="//golang.org/ref/spec#For_statements">The iteration order over maps
|
||||
is not specified and is not guaranteed to be the same from one iteration to the next.</a>”
|
||||
To keep code from depending on map iteration order,
|
||||
Go 1.0 started each map iteration at a random index in the map.
|
||||
A new map implementation introduced in Go 1.1 neglected to randomize
|
||||
iteration for maps with eight or fewer entries, although the iteration order
|
||||
can still vary from system to system.
|
||||
This has allowed people to write Go 1.1 and Go 1.2 programs that
|
||||
depend on small map iteration order and therefore only work reliably on certain systems.
|
||||
Go 1.3 reintroduces random iteration for small maps in order to flush out these bugs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: If code assumes a fixed iteration order for small maps,
|
||||
it will break and must be rewritten not to make that assumption.
|
||||
Because only small maps are affected, the problem arises most often in tests.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="liblink">The linker</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As part of the general <a href="//golang.org/s/go13linker">overhaul</a> to
|
||||
the Go linker, the compilers and linkers have been refactored.
|
||||
The linker is still a C program, but now the instruction selection phase that
|
||||
was part of the linker has been moved to the compiler through the creation of a new
|
||||
library called <code>liblink</code>.
|
||||
By doing instruction selection only once, when the package is first compiled,
|
||||
this can speed up compilation of large projects significantly.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Although this is a major internal change, it should have no
|
||||
effect on programs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gccgo">Status of gccgo</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
GCC release 4.9 will contain the Go 1.2 (not 1.3) version of gccgo.
|
||||
The release schedules for the GCC and Go projects do not coincide,
|
||||
which means that 1.3 will be available in the development branch but
|
||||
that the next GCC release, 4.10, will likely have the Go 1.4 version of gccgo.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gocmd">Changes to the go command</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>cmd/go</code></a> command has several new
|
||||
features.
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go run</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go test</code></a> subcommands
|
||||
support a new <code>-exec</code> option to specify an alternate
|
||||
way to run the resulting binary.
|
||||
Its immediate purpose is to support NaCl.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The test coverage support of the <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go test</code></a>
|
||||
subcommand now automatically sets the coverage mode to <code>-atomic</code>
|
||||
when the race detector is enabled, to eliminate false reports about unsafe
|
||||
access to coverage counters.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go test</code></a> subcommand
|
||||
now always builds the package, even if it has no test files.
|
||||
Previously, it would do nothing if no test files were present.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go build</code></a> subcommand
|
||||
supports a new <code>-i</code> option to install dependencies
|
||||
of the specified target, but not the target itself.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Cross compiling with <a href="/cmd/cgo/"><code>cgo</code></a> enabled
|
||||
is now supported.
|
||||
The CC_FOR_TARGET and CXX_FOR_TARGET environment
|
||||
variables are used when running all.bash to specify the cross compilers
|
||||
for C and C++ code, respectively.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Finally, the go command now supports packages that import Objective-C
|
||||
files (suffixed <code>.m</code>) through cgo.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="cgo">Changes to cgo</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/cgo/"><code>cmd/cgo</code></a> command,
|
||||
which processes <code>import "C"</code> declarations in Go packages,
|
||||
has corrected a serious bug that may cause some packages to stop compiling.
|
||||
Previously, all pointers to incomplete struct types translated to the Go type <code>*[0]byte</code>,
|
||||
with the effect that the Go compiler could not diagnose passing one kind of struct pointer
|
||||
to a function expecting another.
|
||||
Go 1.3 corrects this mistake by translating each different
|
||||
incomplete struct to a different named type.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Given the C declaration <code>typedef struct S T</code> for an incomplete <code>struct S</code>,
|
||||
some Go code used this bug to refer to the types <code>C.struct_S</code> and <code>C.T</code> interchangeably.
|
||||
Cgo now explicitly allows this use, even for completed struct types.
|
||||
However, some Go code also used this bug to pass (for example) a <code>*C.FILE</code>
|
||||
from one package to another.
|
||||
This is not legal and no longer works: in general Go packages
|
||||
should avoid exposing C types and names in their APIs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Code confusing pointers to incomplete types or
|
||||
passing them across package boundaries will no longer compile
|
||||
and must be rewritten.
|
||||
If the conversion is correct and must be preserved,
|
||||
use an explicit conversion via <a href="/pkg/unsafe/#Pointer"><code>unsafe.Pointer</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="swig">SWIG 3.0 required for programs that use SWIG</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For Go programs that use SWIG, SWIG version 3.0 is now required.
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go"><code>cmd/go</code></a> command will now link the
|
||||
SWIG generated object files directly into the binary, rather than
|
||||
building and linking with a shared library.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gc_flag">Command-line flag parsing</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In the gc toolchain, the assemblers now use the
|
||||
same command-line flag parsing rules as the Go flag package, a departure
|
||||
from the traditional Unix flag parsing.
|
||||
This may affect scripts that invoke the tool directly.
|
||||
For example,
|
||||
<code>go tool 6a -SDfoo</code> must now be written
|
||||
<code>go tool 6a -S -D foo</code>.
|
||||
(The same change was made to the compilers and linkers in <a href="/doc/go1.1#gc_flag">Go 1.1</a>.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="godoc">Changes to godoc</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When invoked with the <code>-analysis</code> flag,
|
||||
<a href="//godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc">godoc</a>
|
||||
now performs sophisticated <a href="/lib/godoc/analysis/help.html">static
|
||||
analysis</a> of the code it indexes.
|
||||
The results of analysis are presented in both the source view and the
|
||||
package documentation view, and include the call graph of each package
|
||||
and the relationships between
|
||||
definitions and references,
|
||||
types and their methods,
|
||||
interfaces and their implementations,
|
||||
send and receive operations on channels,
|
||||
functions and their callers, and
|
||||
call sites and their callees.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="misc">Miscellany</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The program <code>misc/benchcmp</code> that compares
|
||||
performance across benchmarking runs has been rewritten.
|
||||
Once a shell and awk script in the main repository, it is now a Go program in the <code>go.tools</code> repo.
|
||||
Documentation is <a href="//godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/benchcmp">here</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For the few of us that build Go distributions, the tool <code>misc/dist</code> has been
|
||||
moved and renamed; it now lives in <code>misc/makerelease</code>, still in the main repository.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="performance">Performance</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The performance of Go binaries for this release has improved in many cases due to changes
|
||||
in the runtime and garbage collection, plus some changes to libraries.
|
||||
Significant instances include:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The runtime handles defers more efficiently, reducing the memory footprint by about two kilobytes
|
||||
per goroutine that calls defer.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The garbage collector has been sped up, using a concurrent sweep algorithm,
|
||||
better parallelization, and larger pages.
|
||||
The cumulative effect can be a 50-70% reduction in collector pause time.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The race detector (see <a href="/doc/articles/race_detector.html">this guide</a>)
|
||||
is now about 40% faster.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The regular expression package <a href="/pkg/regexp/"><code>regexp</code></a>
|
||||
is now significantly faster for certain simple expressions due to the implementation of
|
||||
a second, one-pass execution engine.
|
||||
The choice of which engine to use is automatic;
|
||||
the details are hidden from the user.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Also, the runtime now includes in stack dumps how long a goroutine has been blocked,
|
||||
which can be useful information when debugging deadlocks or performance issues.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="library">Changes to the standard library</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="new_packages">New packages</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A new package <a href="/pkg/debug/plan9obj/"><code>debug/plan9obj</code></a> was added to the standard library.
|
||||
It implements access to Plan 9 <a href="https://9p.io/magic/man2html/6/a.out">a.out</a> object files.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="major_library_changes">Major changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A previous bug in <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/"><code>crypto/tls</code></a>
|
||||
made it possible to skip verification in TLS inadvertently.
|
||||
In Go 1.3, the bug is fixed: one must specify either ServerName or
|
||||
InsecureSkipVerify, and if ServerName is specified it is enforced.
|
||||
This may break existing code that incorrectly depended on insecure
|
||||
behavior.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There is an important new type added to the standard library: <a href="/pkg/sync/#Pool"><code>sync.Pool</code></a>.
|
||||
It provides an efficient mechanism for implementing certain types of caches whose memory
|
||||
can be reclaimed automatically by the system.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/testing/"><code>testing</code></a> package's benchmarking helper,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing/#B"><code>B</code></a>, now has a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing/#B.RunParallel"><code>RunParallel</code></a> method
|
||||
to make it easier to run benchmarks that exercise multiple CPUs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: The crypto/tls fix may break existing code, but such
|
||||
code was erroneous and should be updated.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The following list summarizes a number of minor changes to the library, mostly additions.
|
||||
See the relevant package documentation for more information about each change.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<li> In the <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/"><code>crypto/tls</code></a> package,
|
||||
a new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#DialWithDialer"><code>DialWithDialer</code></a>
|
||||
function lets one establish a TLS connection using an existing dialer, making it easier
|
||||
to control dial options such as timeouts.
|
||||
The package also now reports the TLS version used by the connection in the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ConnectionState"><code>ConnectionState</code></a>
|
||||
struct.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li> The <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CreateCertificate"><code>CreateCertificate</code></a>
|
||||
function of the <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/"><code>crypto/tls</code></a> package
|
||||
now supports parsing (and elsewhere, serialization) of PKCS #10 certificate
|
||||
signature requests.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The formatted print functions of the <code>fmt</code> package now define <code>%F</code>
|
||||
as a synonym for <code>%f</code> when printing floating-point values.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/math/big/"><code>math/big</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int"><code>Int</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Rat"><code>Rat</code></a> types
|
||||
now implement
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextMarshaler"><code>encoding.TextMarshaler</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextUnmarshaler"><code>encoding.TextUnmarshaler</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The complex power function, <a href="/pkg/math/cmplx/#Pow"><code>Pow</code></a>,
|
||||
now specifies the behavior when the first argument is zero.
|
||||
It was undefined before.
|
||||
The details are in the <a href="/pkg/math/cmplx/#Pow">documentation for the function</a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package now exposes the
|
||||
properties of a TLS connection used to make a client request in the new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Response"><code>Response.TLS</code></a> field.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package now
|
||||
allows setting an optional server error logger
|
||||
with <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server"><code>Server.ErrorLog</code></a>.
|
||||
The default is still that all errors go to stderr.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package now
|
||||
supports disabling HTTP keep-alive connections on the server
|
||||
with <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server.SetKeepAlivesEnabled"><code>Server.SetKeepAlivesEnabled</code></a>.
|
||||
The default continues to be that the server does keep-alive (reuses
|
||||
connections for multiple requests) by default.
|
||||
Only resource-constrained servers or those in the process of graceful
|
||||
shutdown will want to disable them.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package adds an optional
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport.TLSHandshakeTimeout</code></a>
|
||||
setting to cap the amount of time HTTP client requests will wait for
|
||||
TLS handshakes to complete.
|
||||
It's now also set by default
|
||||
on <a href="/pkg/net/http#DefaultTransport"><code>DefaultTransport</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#DefaultTransport"><code>DefaultTransport</code></a>,
|
||||
used by the HTTP client code, now
|
||||
enables <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keepalive#TCP_keepalive">TCP
|
||||
keep-alives</a> by default.
|
||||
Other <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a>
|
||||
values with a nil <code>Dial</code> field continue to function the same
|
||||
as before: no TCP keep-alives are used.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package
|
||||
now enables <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keepalive#TCP_keepalive">TCP
|
||||
keep-alives</a> for incoming server requests when
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ListenAndServe"><code>ListenAndServe</code></a>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ListenAndServeTLS"><code>ListenAndServeTLS</code></a>
|
||||
are used.
|
||||
When a server is started otherwise, TCP keep-alives are not enabled.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package now
|
||||
provides an
|
||||
optional <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server"><code>Server.ConnState</code></a>
|
||||
callback to hook various phases of a server connection's lifecycle
|
||||
(see <a href="/pkg/net/http/#ConnState"><code>ConnState</code></a>).
|
||||
This can be used to implement rate limiting or graceful shutdown.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package's HTTP
|
||||
client now has an
|
||||
optional <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Client"><code>Client.Timeout</code></a>
|
||||
field to specify an end-to-end timeout on requests made using the
|
||||
client.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Request.ParseMultipartForm"><code>Request.ParseMultipartForm</code></a>
|
||||
method will now return an error if the body's <code>Content-Type</code>
|
||||
is not <code>multipart/form-data</code>.
|
||||
Prior to Go 1.3 it would silently fail and return <code>nil</code>.
|
||||
Code that relies on the previous behavior should be updated.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li> In the <a href="/pkg/net/"><code>net</code></a> package,
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer"><code>Dialer</code></a> struct now
|
||||
has a <code>KeepAlive</code> option to specify a keep-alive period for the connection.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a>
|
||||
now closes <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Request"><code>Request.Body</code></a>
|
||||
consistently, even on error.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/os/exec/"><code>os/exec</code></a> package now implements
|
||||
what the documentation has always said with regard to relative paths for the binary.
|
||||
In particular, it only calls <a href="/pkg/os/exec/#LookPath"><code>LookPath</code></a>
|
||||
when the binary's file name contains no path separators.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.SetMapIndex"><code>SetMapIndex</code></a>
|
||||
function in the <a href="/pkg/reflect/"><code>reflect</code></a> package
|
||||
no longer panics when deleting from a <code>nil</code> map.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
If the main goroutine calls
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#Goexit"><code>runtime.Goexit</code></a>
|
||||
and all other goroutines finish execution, the program now always crashes,
|
||||
reporting a detected deadlock.
|
||||
Earlier versions of Go handled this situation inconsistently: most instances
|
||||
were reported as deadlocks, but some trivial cases exited cleanly instead.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The runtime/debug package now has a new function
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#WriteHeapDump"><code>debug.WriteHeapDump</code></a>
|
||||
that writes out a description of the heap.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/strconv/#CanBackquote"><code>CanBackquote</code></a>
|
||||
function in the <a href="/pkg/strconv/"><code>strconv</code></a> package
|
||||
now considers the <code>DEL</code> character, <code>U+007F</code>, to be
|
||||
non-printing.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/syscall/"><code>syscall</code></a> package now provides
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#SendmsgN"><code>SendmsgN</code></a>
|
||||
as an alternate version of
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#Sendmsg"><code>Sendmsg</code></a>
|
||||
that returns the number of bytes written.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
On Windows, the <a href="/pkg/syscall/"><code>syscall</code></a> package now
|
||||
supports the cdecl calling convention through the addition of a new function
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#NewCallbackCDecl"><code>NewCallbackCDecl</code></a>
|
||||
alongside the existing function
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#NewCallback"><code>NewCallback</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/testing/"><code>testing</code></a> package now
|
||||
diagnoses tests that call <code>panic(nil)</code>, which are almost always erroneous.
|
||||
Also, tests now write profiles (if invoked with profiling flags) even on failure.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/unicode/"><code>unicode</code></a> package and associated
|
||||
support throughout the system has been upgraded from
|
||||
Unicode 6.2.0 to <a href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/">Unicode 6.3.0</a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
896
doc/go1.4.html
896
doc/go1.4.html
|
|
@ -1,896 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Go 1.4 Release Notes",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/go1.4",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.4</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The latest Go release, version 1.4, arrives as scheduled six months after 1.3.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
It contains only one tiny language change,
|
||||
in the form of a backwards-compatible simple variant of <code>for</code>-<code>range</code> loop,
|
||||
and a possibly breaking change to the compiler involving methods on pointers-to-pointers.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The release focuses primarily on implementation work, improving the garbage collector
|
||||
and preparing the ground for a fully concurrent collector to be rolled out in the
|
||||
next few releases.
|
||||
Stacks are now contiguous, reallocated when necessary rather than linking on new
|
||||
"segments";
|
||||
this release therefore eliminates the notorious "hot stack split" problem.
|
||||
There are some new tools available including support in the <code>go</code> command
|
||||
for build-time source code generation.
|
||||
The release also adds support for ARM processors on Android and Native Client (NaCl)
|
||||
and for AMD64 on Plan 9.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As always, Go 1.4 keeps the <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise
|
||||
of compatibility</a>,
|
||||
and almost everything
|
||||
will continue to compile and run without change when moved to 1.4.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="forrange">For-range loops</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Up until Go 1.3, <code>for</code>-<code>range</code> loop had two forms
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
for i, v := range x {
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
and
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
for i := range x {
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If one was not interested in the loop values, only the iteration itself, it was still
|
||||
necessary to mention a variable (probably the <a href="/ref/spec#Blank_identifier">blank identifier</a>, as in
|
||||
<code>for</code> <code>_</code> <code>=</code> <code>range</code> <code>x</code>), because
|
||||
the form
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
for range x {
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
was not syntactically permitted.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This situation seemed awkward, so as of Go 1.4 the variable-free form is now legal.
|
||||
The pattern arises rarely but the code can be cleaner when it does.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: The change is strictly backwards compatible to existing Go
|
||||
programs, but tools that analyze Go parse trees may need to be modified to accept
|
||||
this new form as the
|
||||
<code>Key</code> field of <a href="/pkg/go/ast/#RangeStmt"><code>RangeStmt</code></a>
|
||||
may now be <code>nil</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="methodonpointertopointer">Method calls on **T</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Given these declarations,
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
type T int
|
||||
func (T) M() {}
|
||||
var x **T
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
both <code>gc</code> and <code>gccgo</code> accepted the method call
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
x.M()
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
which is a double dereference of the pointer-to-pointer <code>x</code>.
|
||||
The Go specification allows a single dereference to be inserted automatically,
|
||||
but not two, so this call is erroneous according to the language definition.
|
||||
It has therefore been disallowed in Go 1.4, which is a breaking change,
|
||||
although very few programs will be affected.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Code that depends on the old, erroneous behavior will no longer
|
||||
compile but is easy to fix by adding an explicit dereference.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="os">Changes to the supported operating systems and architectures</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="android">Android</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.4 can build binaries for ARM processors running the Android operating system.
|
||||
It can also build a <code>.so</code> library that can be loaded by an Android application
|
||||
using the supporting packages in the <a href="https://golang.org/x/mobile">mobile</a> subrepository.
|
||||
A brief description of the plans for this experimental port are available
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/s/go14android">here</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="naclarm">NaCl on ARM</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The previous release introduced Native Client (NaCl) support for the 32-bit x86
|
||||
(<code>GOARCH=386</code>)
|
||||
and 64-bit x86 using 32-bit pointers (GOARCH=amd64p32).
|
||||
The 1.4 release adds NaCl support for ARM (GOARCH=arm).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="plan9amd64">Plan9 on AMD64</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This release adds support for the Plan 9 operating system on AMD64 processors,
|
||||
provided the kernel supports the <code>nsec</code> system call and uses 4K pages.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="compatibility">Changes to the compatibility guidelines</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/unsafe/"><code>unsafe</code></a> package allows one
|
||||
to defeat Go's type system by exploiting internal details of the implementation
|
||||
or machine representation of data.
|
||||
It was never explicitly specified what use of <code>unsafe</code> meant
|
||||
with respect to compatibility as specified in the
|
||||
<a href="go1compat.html">Go compatibility guidelines</a>.
|
||||
The answer, of course, is that we can make no promise of compatibility
|
||||
for code that does unsafe things.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We have clarified this situation in the documentation included in the release.
|
||||
The <a href="go1compat.html">Go compatibility guidelines</a> and the
|
||||
docs for the <a href="/pkg/unsafe/"><code>unsafe</code></a> package
|
||||
are now explicit that unsafe code is not guaranteed to remain compatible.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Nothing technical has changed; this is just a clarification
|
||||
of the documentation.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="impl">Changes to the implementations and tools</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="runtime">Changes to the runtime</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Prior to Go 1.4, the runtime (garbage collector, concurrency support, interface management,
|
||||
maps, slices, strings, ...) was mostly written in C, with some assembler support.
|
||||
In 1.4, much of the code has been translated to Go so that the garbage collector can scan
|
||||
the stacks of programs in the runtime and get accurate information about what variables
|
||||
are active.
|
||||
This change was large but should have no semantic effect on programs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This rewrite allows the garbage collector in 1.4 to be fully precise,
|
||||
meaning that it is aware of the location of all active pointers in the program.
|
||||
This means the heap will be smaller as there will be no false positives keeping non-pointers alive.
|
||||
Other related changes also reduce the heap size, which is smaller by 10%-30% overall
|
||||
relative to the previous release.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A consequence is that stacks are no longer segmented, eliminating the "hot split" problem.
|
||||
When a stack limit is reached, a new, larger stack is allocated, all active frames for
|
||||
the goroutine are copied there, and any pointers into the stack are updated.
|
||||
Performance can be noticeably better in some cases and is always more predictable.
|
||||
Details are available in <a href="https://golang.org/s/contigstacks">the design document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The use of contiguous stacks means that stacks can start smaller without triggering performance issues,
|
||||
so the default starting size for a goroutine's stack in 1.4 has been reduced from 8192 bytes to 2048 bytes.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As preparation for the concurrent garbage collector scheduled for the 1.5 release,
|
||||
writes to pointer values in the heap are now done by a function call,
|
||||
called a write barrier, rather than directly from the function updating the value.
|
||||
In this next release, this will permit the garbage collector to mediate writes to the heap while it is running.
|
||||
This change has no semantic effect on programs in 1.4, but was
|
||||
included in the release to test the compiler and the resulting performance.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The implementation of interface values has been modified.
|
||||
In earlier releases, the interface contained a word that was either a pointer or a one-word
|
||||
scalar value, depending on the type of the concrete object stored.
|
||||
This implementation was problematical for the garbage collector,
|
||||
so as of 1.4 interface values always hold a pointer.
|
||||
In running programs, most interface values were pointers anyway,
|
||||
so the effect is minimal, but programs that store integers (for example) in
|
||||
interfaces will see more allocations.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As of Go 1.3, the runtime crashes if it finds a memory word that should contain
|
||||
a valid pointer but instead contains an obviously invalid pointer (for example, the value 3).
|
||||
Programs that store integers in pointer values may run afoul of this check and crash.
|
||||
In Go 1.4, setting the <a href="/pkg/runtime/"><code>GODEBUG</code></a> variable
|
||||
<code>invalidptr=0</code> disables
|
||||
the crash as a workaround, but we cannot guarantee that future releases will be
|
||||
able to avoid the crash; the correct fix is to rewrite code not to alias integers and pointers.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="asm">Assembly</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The language accepted by the assemblers <code>cmd/5a</code>, <code>cmd/6a</code>
|
||||
and <code>cmd/8a</code> has had several changes,
|
||||
mostly to make it easier to deliver type information to the runtime.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First, the <code>textflag.h</code> file that defines flags for <code>TEXT</code> directives
|
||||
has been copied from the linker source directory to a standard location so it can be
|
||||
included with the simple directive
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
#include "textflag.h"
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The more important changes are in how assembler source can define the necessary
|
||||
type information.
|
||||
For most programs it will suffice to move data
|
||||
definitions (<code>DATA</code> and <code>GLOBL</code> directives)
|
||||
out of assembly into Go files
|
||||
and to write a Go declaration for each assembly function.
|
||||
The <a href="/doc/asm#runtime">assembly document</a> describes what to do.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>:
|
||||
Assembly files that include <code>textflag.h</code> from its old
|
||||
location will still work, but should be updated.
|
||||
For the type information, most assembly routines will need no change,
|
||||
but all should be examined.
|
||||
Assembly source files that define data,
|
||||
functions with non-empty stack frames, or functions that return pointers
|
||||
need particular attention.
|
||||
A description of the necessary (but simple) changes
|
||||
is in the <a href="/doc/asm#runtime">assembly document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
More information about these changes is in the <a href="/doc/asm">assembly document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gccgo">Status of gccgo</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The release schedules for the GCC and Go projects do not coincide.
|
||||
GCC release 4.9 contains the Go 1.2 version of gccgo.
|
||||
The next release, GCC 5, will likely have the Go 1.4 version of gccgo.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="internalpackages">Internal packages</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go's package system makes it easy to structure programs into components with clean boundaries,
|
||||
but there are only two forms of access: local (unexported) and global (exported).
|
||||
Sometimes one wishes to have components that are not exported,
|
||||
for instance to avoid acquiring clients of interfaces to code that is part of a public repository
|
||||
but not intended for use outside the program to which it belongs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Go language does not have the power to enforce this distinction, but as of Go 1.4 the
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go</code></a> command introduces
|
||||
a mechanism to define "internal" packages that may not be imported by packages outside
|
||||
the source subtree in which they reside.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To create such a package, place it in a directory named <code>internal</code> or in a subdirectory of a directory
|
||||
named internal.
|
||||
When the <code>go</code> command sees an import of a package with <code>internal</code> in its path,
|
||||
it verifies that the package doing the import
|
||||
is within the tree rooted at the parent of the <code>internal</code> directory.
|
||||
For example, a package <code>.../a/b/c/internal/d/e/f</code>
|
||||
can be imported only by code in the directory tree rooted at <code>.../a/b/c</code>.
|
||||
It cannot be imported by code in <code>.../a/b/g</code> or in any other repository.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For Go 1.4, the internal package mechanism is enforced for the main Go repository;
|
||||
from 1.5 and onward it will be enforced for any repository.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Full details of the mechanism are in
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/s/go14internal">the design document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="canonicalimports">Canonical import paths</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Code often lives in repositories hosted by public services such as <code>github.com</code>,
|
||||
meaning that the import paths for packages begin with the name of the hosting service,
|
||||
<code>github.com/rsc/pdf</code> for example.
|
||||
One can use
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Remote_import_paths">an existing mechanism</a>
|
||||
to provide a "custom" or "vanity" import path such as
|
||||
<code>rsc.io/pdf</code>, but
|
||||
that creates two valid import paths for the package.
|
||||
That is a problem: one may inadvertently import the package through the two
|
||||
distinct paths in a single program, which is wasteful;
|
||||
miss an update to a package because the path being used is not recognized to be
|
||||
out of date;
|
||||
or break clients using the old path by moving the package to a different hosting service.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.4 introduces an annotation for package clauses in Go source that identify a canonical
|
||||
import path for the package.
|
||||
If an import is attempted using a path that is not canonical,
|
||||
the <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go</code></a> command
|
||||
will refuse to compile the importing package.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The syntax is simple: put an identifying comment on the package line.
|
||||
For our example, the package clause would read:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
package pdf // import "rsc.io/pdf"
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
With this in place,
|
||||
the <code>go</code> command will
|
||||
refuse to compile a package that imports <code>github.com/rsc/pdf</code>,
|
||||
ensuring that the code can be moved without breaking users.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The check is at build time, not download time, so if <code>go</code> <code>get</code>
|
||||
fails because of this check, the mis-imported package has been copied to the local machine
|
||||
and should be removed manually.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
To complement this new feature, a check has been added at update time to verify
|
||||
that the local package's remote repository matches that of its custom import.
|
||||
The <code>go</code> <code>get</code> <code>-u</code> command will fail to
|
||||
update a package if its remote repository has changed since it was first
|
||||
downloaded.
|
||||
The new <code>-f</code> flag overrides this check.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Further information is in
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/s/go14customimport">the design document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="subrepo">Import paths for the subrepositories</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Go project subrepositories (<code>code.google.com/p/go.tools</code> and so on)
|
||||
are now available under custom import paths replacing <code>code.google.com/p/go.</code> with <code>golang.org/x/</code>,
|
||||
as in <code>golang.org/x/tools</code>.
|
||||
We will add canonical import comments to the code around June 1, 2015,
|
||||
at which point Go 1.4 and later will stop accepting the old <code>code.google.com</code> paths.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: All code that imports from subrepositories should change
|
||||
to use the new <code>golang.org</code> paths.
|
||||
Go 1.0 and later can resolve and import the new paths, so updating will not break
|
||||
compatibility with older releases.
|
||||
Code that has not updated will stop compiling with Go 1.4 around June 1, 2015.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gogenerate">The go generate subcommand</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go</code></a> command has a new subcommand,
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Generate_Go_files_by_processing_source"><code>go generate</code></a>,
|
||||
to automate the running of tools to generate source code before compilation.
|
||||
For example, it can be used to run the <a href="/cmd/yacc"><code>yacc</code></a>
|
||||
compiler-compiler on a <code>.y</code> file to produce the Go source file implementing the grammar,
|
||||
or to automate the generation of <code>String</code> methods for typed constants using the new
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer">stringer</a>
|
||||
tool in the <code>golang.org/x/tools</code> subrepository.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For more information, see the
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/s/go1.4-generate">design document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="filenames">Change to file name handling</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Build constraints, also known as build tags, control compilation by including or excluding files
|
||||
(see the documentation <a href="/pkg/go/build/"><code>/go/build</code></a>).
|
||||
Compilation can also be controlled by the name of the file itself by "tagging" the file with
|
||||
a suffix (before the <code>.go</code> or <code>.s</code> extension) with an underscore
|
||||
and the name of the architecture or operating system.
|
||||
For instance, the file <code>gopher_arm.go</code> will only be compiled if the target
|
||||
processor is an ARM.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Before Go 1.4, a file called just <code>arm.go</code> was similarly tagged, but this behavior
|
||||
can break sources when new architectures are added, causing files to suddenly become tagged.
|
||||
In 1.4, therefore, a file will be tagged in this manner only if the tag (architecture or operating
|
||||
system name) is preceded by an underscore.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Packages that depend on the old behavior will no longer compile correctly.
|
||||
Files with names like <code>windows.go</code> or <code>amd64.go</code> should either
|
||||
have explicit build tags added to the source or be renamed to something like
|
||||
<code>os_windows.go</code> or <code>support_amd64.go</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gocmd">Other changes to the go command</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There were a number of minor changes to the
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/"><code>cmd/go</code></a>
|
||||
command worth noting.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Unless <a href="/cmd/cgo/"><code>cgo</code></a> is being used to build the package,
|
||||
the <code>go</code> command now refuses to compile C source files,
|
||||
since the relevant C compilers
|
||||
(<a href="/cmd/6c/"><code>6c</code></a> etc.)
|
||||
are intended to be removed from the installation in some future release.
|
||||
(They are used today only to build part of the runtime.)
|
||||
It is difficult to use them correctly in any case, so any extant uses are likely incorrect,
|
||||
so we have disabled them.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Test_packages"><code>go</code> <code>test</code></a>
|
||||
subcommand has a new flag, <code>-o</code>, to set the name of the resulting binary,
|
||||
corresponding to the same flag in other subcommands.
|
||||
The non-functional <code>-file</code> flag has been removed.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Test_packages"><code>go</code> <code>test</code></a>
|
||||
subcommand will compile and link all <code>*_test.go</code> files in the package,
|
||||
even when there are no <code>Test</code> functions in them.
|
||||
It previously ignored such files.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The behavior of the
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Test_packages"><code>go</code> <code>build</code></a>
|
||||
subcommand's
|
||||
<code>-a</code> flag has been changed for non-development installations.
|
||||
For installations running a released distribution, the <code>-a</code> flag will no longer
|
||||
rebuild the standard library and commands, to avoid overwriting the installation's files.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="pkg">Changes to package source layout</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In the main Go source repository, the source code for the packages was kept in
|
||||
the directory <code>src/pkg</code>, which made sense but differed from
|
||||
other repositories, including the Go subrepositories.
|
||||
In Go 1.4, the<code> pkg</code> level of the source tree is now gone, so for example
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/fmt/"><code>fmt</code></a> package's source, once kept in
|
||||
directory <code>src/pkg/fmt</code>, now lives one level higher in <code>src/fmt</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Tools like <code>godoc</code> that discover source code
|
||||
need to know about the new location. All tools and services maintained by the Go team
|
||||
have been updated.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="swig">SWIG</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Due to runtime changes in this release, Go 1.4 requires SWIG 3.0.3.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="misc">Miscellany</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The standard repository's top-level <code>misc</code> directory used to contain
|
||||
Go support for editors and IDEs: plugins, initialization scripts and so on.
|
||||
Maintaining these was becoming time-consuming
|
||||
and needed external help because many of the editors listed were not used by
|
||||
members of the core team.
|
||||
It also required us to make decisions about which plugin was best for a given
|
||||
editor, even for editors we do not use.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Go community at large is much better suited to managing this information.
|
||||
In Go 1.4, therefore, this support has been removed from the repository.
|
||||
Instead, there is a curated, informative list of what's available on
|
||||
a <a href="//golang.org/wiki/IDEsAndTextEditorPlugins">wiki page</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="performance">Performance</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Most programs will run about the same speed or slightly faster in 1.4 than in 1.3;
|
||||
some will be slightly slower.
|
||||
There are many changes, making it hard to be precise about what to expect.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As mentioned above, much of the runtime was translated to Go from C,
|
||||
which led to some reduction in heap sizes.
|
||||
It also improved performance slightly because the Go compiler is better
|
||||
at optimization, due to things like inlining, than the C compiler used to build
|
||||
the runtime.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The garbage collector was sped up, leading to measurable improvements for
|
||||
garbage-heavy programs.
|
||||
On the other hand, the new write barriers slow things down again, typically
|
||||
by about the same amount but, depending on their behavior, some programs
|
||||
may be somewhat slower or faster.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Library changes that affect performance are documented below.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="library">Changes to the standard library</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="new_packages">New packages</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There are no new packages in this release.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="major_library_changes">Major changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="scanner">bufio.Scanner</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Scanner"><code>Scanner</code></a> type in the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/bufio/"><code>bufio</code></a> package
|
||||
has had a bug fixed that may require changes to custom
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/bufio/#SplitFunc"><code>split functions</code></a>.
|
||||
The bug made it impossible to generate an empty token at EOF; the fix
|
||||
changes the end conditions seen by the split function.
|
||||
Previously, scanning stopped at EOF if there was no more data.
|
||||
As of 1.4, the split function will be called once at EOF after input is exhausted,
|
||||
so the split function can generate a final empty token
|
||||
as the documentation already promised.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Custom split functions may need to be modified to
|
||||
handle empty tokens at EOF as desired.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="syscall">syscall</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/syscall/"><code>syscall</code></a> package is now frozen except
|
||||
for changes needed to maintain the core repository.
|
||||
In particular, it will no longer be extended to support new or different system calls
|
||||
that are not used by the core.
|
||||
The reasons are described at length in <a href="https://golang.org/s/go1.4-syscall">a
|
||||
separate document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A new subrepository, <a href="https://golang.org/x/sys">golang.org/x/sys</a>,
|
||||
has been created to serve as the location for new developments to support system
|
||||
calls on all kernels.
|
||||
It has a nicer structure, with three packages that each hold the implementation of
|
||||
system calls for one of
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/sys/unix">Unix</a>,
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/sys/windows">Windows</a> and
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/sys/plan9">Plan 9</a>.
|
||||
These packages will be curated more generously, accepting all reasonable changes
|
||||
that reflect kernel interfaces in those operating systems.
|
||||
See the documentation and the article mentioned above for more information.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Existing programs are not affected as the <code>syscall</code>
|
||||
package is largely unchanged from the 1.3 release.
|
||||
Future development that requires system calls not in the <code>syscall</code> package
|
||||
should build on <code>golang.org/x/sys</code> instead.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The following list summarizes a number of minor changes to the library, mostly additions.
|
||||
See the relevant package documentation for more information about each change.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/archive/zip/"><code>archive/zip</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Writer"><code>Writer</code></a> now supports a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Writer.Flush"><code>Flush</code></a> method.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/compress/flate/"><code>compress/flate</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/gzip/"><code>compress/gzip</code></a>,
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/compress/zlib/"><code>compress/zlib</code></a>
|
||||
packages now support a <code>Reset</code> method
|
||||
for the decompressors, allowing them to reuse buffers and improve performance.
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/compress/gzip/"><code>compress/gzip</code></a> package also has a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/gzip/#Reader.Multistream"><code>Multistream</code></a> method to control support
|
||||
for multistream files.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/"><code>crypto</code></a> package now has a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/#Signer"><code>Signer</code></a> interface, implemented by the
|
||||
<code>PrivateKey</code> types in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/ecdsa"><code>crypto/ecdsa</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa"><code>crypto/rsa</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/"><code>crypto/tls</code></a> package
|
||||
now supports ALPN as defined in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7301">RFC 7301</a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/"><code>crypto/tls</code></a> package
|
||||
now supports programmatic selection of server certificates
|
||||
through the new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.CertificateForName"><code>CertificateForName</code></a> function
|
||||
of the <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config"><code>Config</code></a> struct.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the crypto/tls package, the server now supports
|
||||
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-downgrade-scsv-00">TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV</a>
|
||||
to help clients detect fallback attacks.
|
||||
(The Go client does not support fallback at all, so it is not vulnerable to
|
||||
those attacks.)
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/database/sql/"><code>database/sql</code></a> package can now list all registered
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/database/sql/#Drivers"><code>Drivers</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/"><code>debug/dwarf</code></a> package now supports
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#UnspecifiedType"><code>UnspecifiedType</code></a>s.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/"><code>encoding/asn1</code></a> package,
|
||||
optional elements with a default value will now only be omitted if they have that value.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/"><code>encoding/csv</code></a> package no longer
|
||||
quotes empty strings but does quote the end-of-data marker <code>\.</code> (backslash dot).
|
||||
This is permitted by the definition of CSV and allows it to work better with Postgres.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/gob/"><code>encoding/gob</code></a> package has been rewritten to eliminate
|
||||
the use of unsafe operations, allowing it to be used in environments that do not permit use of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/unsafe/"><code>unsafe</code></a> package.
|
||||
For typical uses it will be 10-30% slower, but the delta is dependent on the type of the data and
|
||||
in some cases, especially involving arrays, it can be faster.
|
||||
There is no functional change.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/"><code>encoding/xml</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Decoder"><code>Decoder</code></a> can now report its input offset.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/fmt/"><code>fmt</code></a> package,
|
||||
formatting of pointers to maps has changed to be consistent with that of pointers
|
||||
to structs, arrays, and so on.
|
||||
For instance, <code>&map[string]int{"one":</code> <code>1}</code> now prints by default as
|
||||
<code>&map[one:</code> <code>1]</code> rather than as a hexadecimal pointer value.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/image/"><code>image</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/#Image"><code>Image</code></a>
|
||||
implementations like
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/#RGBA"><code>RGBA</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/#Gray"><code>Gray</code></a> have specialized
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/#RGBA.RGBAAt"><code>RGBAAt</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/#Gray.GrayAt"><code>GrayAt</code></a> methods alongside the general
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/#Image.At"><code>At</code></a> method.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/image/png/"><code>image/png</code></a> package now has an
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/png/#Encoder"><code>Encoder</code></a>
|
||||
type to control the compression level used for encoding.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/math/"><code>math</code></a> package now has a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/#Nextafter32"><code>Nextafter32</code><a/> function.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Request"><code>Request</code></a> type
|
||||
has a new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Request.BasicAuth"><code>BasicAuth</code></a> method
|
||||
that returns the username and password from authenticated requests using the
|
||||
HTTP Basic Authentication
|
||||
Scheme.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Request"><code>Transport</code></a> type
|
||||
has a new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.DialTLS"><code>DialTLS</code></a> hook
|
||||
that allows customizing the behavior of outbound TLS connections.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/"><code>net/http/httputil</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/#ReverseProxy"><code>ReverseProxy</code></a> type
|
||||
has a new field,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ReverseProxy.ErrorLog"><code>ErrorLog</code></a>, that
|
||||
provides user control of logging.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/os/"><code>os</code></a> package
|
||||
now implements symbolic links on the Windows operating system
|
||||
through the <a href="/pkg/os/#Symlink"><code>Symlink</code></a> function.
|
||||
Other operating systems already have this functionality.
|
||||
There is also a new <a href="/pkg/os/#Unsetenv"><code>Unsetenv</code></a> function.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/reflect/"><code>reflect</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/reflect/#Type"><code>Type</code></a> interface
|
||||
has a new method, <a href="/pkg/reflect/#type.Comparable"><code>Comparable</code></a>,
|
||||
that reports whether the type implements general comparisons.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/reflect/"><code>reflect</code></a> package, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value"><code>Value</code></a> interface is now three instead of four words
|
||||
because of changes to the implementation of interfaces in the runtime.
|
||||
This saves memory but has no semantic effect.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/runtime/"><code>runtime</code></a> package
|
||||
now implements monotonic clocks on Windows,
|
||||
as it already did for the other systems.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/runtime/"><code>runtime</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#MemStats.Mallocs"><code>Mallocs</code></a> counter
|
||||
now counts very small allocations that were missed in Go 1.3.
|
||||
This may break tests using <a href="/pkg/runtime/#ReadMemStats"><code>ReadMemStats</code></a>
|
||||
or <a href="/pkg/testing/#AllocsPerRun"><code>AllocsPerRun</code></a>
|
||||
due to the more accurate answer.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/runtime/"><code>runtime</code></a> package,
|
||||
an array <a href="/pkg/runtime/#MemStats.PauseEnd"><code>PauseEnd</code></a>
|
||||
has been added to the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#MemStats"><code>MemStats</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/runtime/#GCStats"><code>GCStats</code></a> structs.
|
||||
This array is a circular buffer of times when garbage collection pauses ended.
|
||||
The corresponding pause durations are already recorded in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#MemStats.PauseNs"><code>PauseNs</code></a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/runtime/race/"><code>runtime/race</code></a> package
|
||||
now supports FreeBSD, which means the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/cmd/go/"><code>go</code></a> command's <code>-race</code>
|
||||
flag now works on FreeBSD.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/"><code>sync/atomic</code></a> package
|
||||
has a new type, <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Value"><code>Value</code></a>.
|
||||
<code>Value</code> provides an efficient mechanism for atomic loads and
|
||||
stores of values of arbitrary type.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/syscall/"><code>syscall</code></a> package's
|
||||
implementation on Linux, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#Setuid"><code>Setuid</code></a>
|
||||
and <a href="/pkg/syscall/#Setgid"><code>Setgid</code></a> have been disabled
|
||||
because those system calls operate on the calling thread, not the whole process, which is
|
||||
different from other platforms and not the expected result.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/testing/"><code>testing</code></a> package
|
||||
has a new facility to provide more control over running a set of tests.
|
||||
If the test code contains a function
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
func TestMain(m *<a href="/pkg/testing/#M"><code>testing.M</code></a>)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
that function will be called instead of running the tests directly.
|
||||
The <code>M</code> struct contains methods to access and run the tests.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/testing/"><code>testing</code></a> package,
|
||||
a new <a href="/pkg/testing/#Coverage"><code>Coverage</code></a>
|
||||
function reports the current test coverage fraction,
|
||||
enabling individual tests to report how much they are contributing to the
|
||||
overall coverage.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/text/scanner/"><code>text/scanner</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/text/scanner/#Scanner"><code>Scanner</code></a> type
|
||||
has a new function,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/text/scanner/#Scanner.IsIdentRune"><code>IsIdentRune</code></a>,
|
||||
allowing one to control the definition of an identifier when scanning.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/text/template/"><code>text/template</code></a> package's boolean
|
||||
functions <code>eq</code>, <code>lt</code>, and so on have been generalized to allow comparison
|
||||
of signed and unsigned integers, simplifying their use in practice.
|
||||
(Previously one could only compare values of the same signedness.)
|
||||
All negative values compare less than all unsigned values.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <code>time</code> package now uses the standard symbol for the micro prefix,
|
||||
the micro symbol (U+00B5 'µ'), to print microsecond durations.
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/time/#ParseDuration"><code>ParseDuration</code></a> still accepts <code>us</code>
|
||||
but the package no longer prints microseconds as <code>us</code>.
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>: Code that depends on the output format of durations
|
||||
but does not use ParseDuration will need to be updated.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
1310
doc/go1.5.html
1310
doc/go1.5.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
923
doc/go1.6.html
923
doc/go1.6.html
|
|
@ -1,923 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Go 1.6 Release Notes",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/go1.6",
|
||||
"Template": true
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Edit .,s;^PKG:([a-z][A-Za-z0-9_/]+);<a href="/pkg/\1/"><code>\1</code></a>;g
|
||||
Edit .,s;^([a-z][A-Za-z0-9_/]+)\.([A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_]+\.)?([A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_]+)([ .',]|$);<a href="/pkg/\1/#\2\3"><code>\3</code></a>\4;g
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.6</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The latest Go release, version 1.6, arrives six months after 1.5.
|
||||
Most of its changes are in the implementation of the language, runtime, and libraries.
|
||||
There are no changes to the language specification.
|
||||
As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise of compatibility</a>.
|
||||
We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The release adds new ports to <a href="#ports">Linux on 64-bit MIPS and Android on 32-bit x86</a>;
|
||||
defined and enforced <a href="#cgo">rules for sharing Go pointers with C</a>;
|
||||
transparent, automatic <a href="#http2">support for HTTP/2</a>;
|
||||
and a new mechanism for <a href="#template">template reuse</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There are no language changes in this release.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.6 adds experimental ports to
|
||||
Linux on 64-bit MIPS (<code>linux/mips64</code> and <code>linux/mips64le</code>).
|
||||
These ports support <code>cgo</code> but only with internal linking.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.6 also adds an experimental port to Android on 32-bit x86 (<code>android/386</code>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On FreeBSD, Go 1.6 defaults to using <code>clang</code>, not <code>gcc</code>, as the external C compiler.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On Linux on little-endian 64-bit PowerPC (<code>linux/ppc64le</code>),
|
||||
Go 1.6 now supports <code>cgo</code> with external linking and
|
||||
is roughly feature complete.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On NaCl, Go 1.5 required SDK version pepper-41.
|
||||
Go 1.6 adds support for later SDK versions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On 32-bit x86 systems using the <code>-dynlink</code> or <code>-shared</code> compilation modes,
|
||||
the register CX is now overwritten by certain memory references and should
|
||||
be avoided in hand-written assembly.
|
||||
See the <a href="/doc/asm#x86">assembly documentation</a> for details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="cgo">Cgo</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There is one major change to <a href="/cmd/cgo/"><code>cgo</code></a>, along with one minor change.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The major change is the definition of rules for sharing Go pointers with C code,
|
||||
to ensure that such C code can coexist with Go's garbage collector.
|
||||
Briefly, Go and C may share memory allocated by Go
|
||||
when a pointer to that memory is passed to C as part of a <code>cgo</code> call,
|
||||
provided that the memory itself contains no pointers to Go-allocated memory,
|
||||
and provided that C does not retain the pointer after the call returns.
|
||||
These rules are checked by the runtime during program execution:
|
||||
if the runtime detects a violation, it prints a diagnosis and crashes the program.
|
||||
The checks can be disabled by setting the environment variable
|
||||
<code>GODEBUG=cgocheck=0</code>, but note that the vast majority of
|
||||
code identified by the checks is subtly incompatible with garbage collection
|
||||
in one way or another.
|
||||
Disabling the checks will typically only lead to more mysterious failure modes.
|
||||
Fixing the code in question should be strongly preferred
|
||||
over turning off the checks.
|
||||
See the <a href="/cmd/cgo/#hdr-Passing_pointers"><code>cgo</code> documentation</a> for more details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The minor change is
|
||||
the addition of explicit <code>C.complexfloat</code> and <code>C.complexdouble</code> types,
|
||||
separate from Go's <code>complex64</code> and <code>complex128</code>.
|
||||
Matching the other numeric types, C's complex types and Go's complex type are
|
||||
no longer interchangeable.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="compiler">Compiler Toolchain</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The compiler toolchain is mostly unchanged.
|
||||
Internally, the most significant change is that the parser is now hand-written
|
||||
instead of generated from <a href="/cmd/yacc/">yacc</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The compiler, linker, and <code>go</code> command have a new flag <code>-msan</code>,
|
||||
analogous to <code>-race</code> and only available on linux/amd64,
|
||||
that enables interoperation with the <a href="https://clang.llvm.org/docs/MemorySanitizer.html">Clang MemorySanitizer</a>.
|
||||
Such interoperation is useful mainly for testing a program containing suspect C or C++ code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The linker has a new option <code>-libgcc</code> to set the expected location
|
||||
of the C compiler support library when linking <a href="/cmd/cgo/"><code>cgo</code></a> code.
|
||||
The option is only consulted when using <code>-linkmode=internal</code>,
|
||||
and it may be set to <code>none</code> to disable the use of a support library.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The implementation of <a href="/doc/go1.5#link">build modes started in Go 1.5</a> has been expanded to more systems.
|
||||
This release adds support for the <code>c-shared</code> mode on <code>android/386</code>, <code>android/amd64</code>,
|
||||
<code>android/arm64</code>, <code>linux/386</code>, and <code>linux/arm64</code>;
|
||||
for the <code>shared</code> mode on <code>linux/386</code>, <code>linux/arm</code>, <code>linux/amd64</code>, and <code>linux/ppc64le</code>;
|
||||
and for the new <code>pie</code> mode (generating position-independent executables) on
|
||||
<code>android/386</code>, <code>android/amd64</code>, <code>android/arm</code>, <code>android/arm64</code>, <code>linux/386</code>,
|
||||
<code>linux/amd64</code>, <code>linux/arm</code>, <code>linux/arm64</code>, and <code>linux/ppc64le</code>.
|
||||
See the <a href="https://golang.org/s/execmodes">design document</a> for details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As a reminder, the linker's <code>-X</code> flag changed in Go 1.5.
|
||||
In Go 1.4 and earlier, it took two arguments, as in
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
-X importpath.name value
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.5 added an alternative syntax using a single argument
|
||||
that is itself a <code>name=value</code> pair:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
-X importpath.name=value
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In Go 1.5 the old syntax was still accepted, after printing a warning
|
||||
suggesting use of the new syntax instead.
|
||||
Go 1.6 continues to accept the old syntax and print the warning.
|
||||
Go 1.7 will remove support for the old syntax.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="gccgo">Gccgo</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The release schedules for the GCC and Go projects do not coincide.
|
||||
GCC release 5 contains the Go 1.4 version of gccgo.
|
||||
The next release, GCC 6, will have the Go 1.6.1 version of gccgo.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="go_command">Go command</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/go"><code>go</code></a> command's basic operation
|
||||
is unchanged, but there are a number of changes worth noting.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.5 introduced experimental support for vendoring,
|
||||
enabled by setting the <code>GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT</code> environment variable to <code>1</code>.
|
||||
Go 1.6 keeps the vendoring support, no longer considered experimental,
|
||||
and enables it by default.
|
||||
It can be disabled explicitly by setting
|
||||
the <code>GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT</code> environment variable to <code>0</code>.
|
||||
Go 1.7 will remove support for the environment variable.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The most likely problem caused by enabling vendoring by default happens
|
||||
in source trees containing an existing directory named <code>vendor</code> that
|
||||
does not expect to be interpreted according to new vendoring semantics.
|
||||
In this case, the simplest fix is to rename the directory to anything other
|
||||
than <code>vendor</code> and update any affected import paths.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For details about vendoring,
|
||||
see the documentation for the <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Vendor_Directories"><code>go</code> command</a>
|
||||
and the <a href="https://golang.org/s/go15vendor">design document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There is a new build flag, <code>-msan</code>,
|
||||
that compiles Go with support for the LLVM memory sanitizer.
|
||||
This is intended mainly for use when linking against C or C++ code
|
||||
that is being checked with the memory sanitizer.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="doc_command">Go doc command</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.5 introduced the
|
||||
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Show_documentation_for_package_or_symbol"><code>go doc</code></a> command,
|
||||
which allows references to packages using only the package name, as in
|
||||
<code>go</code> <code>doc</code> <code>http</code>.
|
||||
In the event of ambiguity, the Go 1.5 behavior was to use the package
|
||||
with the lexicographically earliest import path.
|
||||
In Go 1.6, ambiguity is resolved by preferring import paths with
|
||||
fewer elements, breaking ties using lexicographic comparison.
|
||||
An important effect of this change is that original copies of packages
|
||||
are now preferred over vendored copies.
|
||||
Successful searches also tend to run faster.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="vet_command">Go vet command</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <a href="/cmd/vet"><code>go vet</code></a> command now diagnoses
|
||||
passing function or method values as arguments to <code>Printf</code>,
|
||||
such as when passing <code>f</code> where <code>f()</code> was intended.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="performance">Performance</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As always, the changes are so general and varied that precise statements
|
||||
about performance are difficult to make.
|
||||
Some programs may run faster, some slower.
|
||||
On average the programs in the Go 1 benchmark suite run a few percent faster in Go 1.6
|
||||
than they did in Go 1.5.
|
||||
The garbage collector's pauses are even lower than in Go 1.5,
|
||||
especially for programs using
|
||||
a large amount of memory.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
There have been significant optimizations bringing more than 10% improvements
|
||||
to implementations of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/bzip2/"><code>compress/bzip2</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/gzip/"><code>compress/gzip</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/aes/"><code>crypto/aes</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/elliptic/"><code>crypto/elliptic</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/ecdsa/"><code>crypto/ecdsa</code></a>, and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sort/"><code>sort</code></a> packages.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="http2">HTTP/2</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1.6 adds transparent support in the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package
|
||||
for the new <a href="https://http2.github.io/">HTTP/2 protocol</a>.
|
||||
Go clients and servers will automatically use HTTP/2 as appropriate when using HTTPS.
|
||||
There is no exported API specific to details of the HTTP/2 protocol handling,
|
||||
just as there is no exported API specific to HTTP/1.1.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Programs that must disable HTTP/2 can do so by setting
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport.TLSNextProto</code></a> (for clients)
|
||||
or
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server"><code>Server.TLSNextProto</code></a> (for servers)
|
||||
to a non-nil, empty map.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Programs that must adjust HTTP/2 protocol-specific details can import and use
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/x/net/http2"><code>golang.org/x/net/http2</code></a>,
|
||||
in particular its
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/net/http2/#ConfigureServer">ConfigureServer</a>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/net/http2/#ConfigureTransport">ConfigureTransport</a>
|
||||
functions.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="runtime">Runtime</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The runtime has added lightweight, best-effort detection of concurrent misuse of maps.
|
||||
As always, if one goroutine is writing to a map, no other goroutine should be
|
||||
reading or writing the map concurrently.
|
||||
If the runtime detects this condition, it prints a diagnosis and crashes the program.
|
||||
The best way to find out more about the problem is to run the program
|
||||
under the
|
||||
<a href="https://blog.golang.org/race-detector">race detector</a>,
|
||||
which will more reliably identify the race
|
||||
and give more detail.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For program-ending panics, the runtime now by default
|
||||
prints only the stack of the running goroutine,
|
||||
not all existing goroutines.
|
||||
Usually only the current goroutine is relevant to a panic,
|
||||
so omitting the others significantly reduces irrelevant output
|
||||
in a crash message.
|
||||
To see the stacks from all goroutines in crash messages, set the environment variable
|
||||
<code>GOTRACEBACK</code> to <code>all</code>
|
||||
or call
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#SetTraceback"><code>debug.SetTraceback</code></a>
|
||||
before the crash, and rerun the program.
|
||||
See the <a href="/pkg/runtime/#hdr-Environment_Variables">runtime documentation</a> for details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>:
|
||||
Uncaught panics intended to dump the state of the entire program,
|
||||
such as when a timeout is detected or when explicitly handling a received signal,
|
||||
should now call <code>debug.SetTraceback("all")</code> before panicking.
|
||||
Searching for uses of
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/signal/#Notify"><code>signal.Notify</code></a> may help identify such code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
On Windows, Go programs in Go 1.5 and earlier forced
|
||||
the global Windows timer resolution to 1ms at startup
|
||||
by calling <code>timeBeginPeriod(1)</code>.
|
||||
Go no longer needs this for good scheduler performance,
|
||||
and changing the global timer resolution caused problems on some systems,
|
||||
so the call has been removed.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
When using <code>-buildmode=c-archive</code> or
|
||||
<code>-buildmode=c-shared</code> to build an archive or a shared
|
||||
library, the handling of signals has changed.
|
||||
In Go 1.5 the archive or shared library would install a signal handler
|
||||
for most signals.
|
||||
In Go 1.6 it will only install a signal handler for the
|
||||
synchronous signals needed to handle run-time panics in Go code:
|
||||
SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV.
|
||||
See the <a href="/pkg/os/signal">os/signal</a> package for more
|
||||
details.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="reflect">Reflect</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/reflect/"><code>reflect</code></a> package has
|
||||
<a href="https://golang.org/issue/12367">resolved a long-standing incompatibility</a>
|
||||
between the gc and gccgo toolchains
|
||||
regarding embedded unexported struct types containing exported fields.
|
||||
Code that walks data structures using reflection, especially to implement
|
||||
serialization in the spirit
|
||||
of the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/"><code>encoding/json</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/"><code>encoding/xml</code></a> packages,
|
||||
may need to be updated.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The problem arises when using reflection to walk through
|
||||
an embedded unexported struct-typed field
|
||||
into an exported field of that struct.
|
||||
In this case, <code>reflect</code> had incorrectly reported
|
||||
the embedded field as exported, by returning an empty <code>Field.PkgPath</code>.
|
||||
Now it correctly reports the field as unexported
|
||||
but ignores that fact when evaluating access to exported fields
|
||||
contained within the struct.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>:
|
||||
Typically, code that previously walked over structs and used
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
f.PkgPath != ""
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
to exclude inaccessible fields
|
||||
should now use
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
f.PkgPath != "" && !f.Anonymous
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For example, see the changes to the implementations of
|
||||
<a href="https://go-review.googlesource.com/#/c/14011/2/src/encoding/json/encode.go"><code>encoding/json</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="https://go-review.googlesource.com/#/c/14012/2/src/encoding/xml/typeinfo.go"><code>encoding/xml</code></a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="sort">Sorting</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sort/"><code>sort</code></a>
|
||||
package,
|
||||
the implementation of
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sort/#Sort"><code>Sort</code></a>
|
||||
has been rewritten to make about 10% fewer calls to the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sort/#Interface"><code>Interface</code></a>'s
|
||||
<code>Less</code> and <code>Swap</code>
|
||||
methods, with a corresponding overall time savings.
|
||||
The new algorithm does choose a different ordering than before
|
||||
for values that compare equal (those pairs for which <code>Less(i,</code> <code>j)</code> and <code>Less(j,</code> <code>i)</code> are false).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Updating</em>:
|
||||
The definition of <code>Sort</code> makes no guarantee about the final order of equal values,
|
||||
but the new behavior may still break programs that expect a specific order.
|
||||
Such programs should either refine their <code>Less</code> implementations
|
||||
to report the desired order
|
||||
or should switch to
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/sort/#Stable"><code>Stable</code></a>,
|
||||
which preserves the original input order
|
||||
of equal values.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="template">Templates</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/text/template/">text/template</a> package,
|
||||
there are two significant new features to make writing templates easier.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
First, it is now possible to <a href="/pkg/text/template/#hdr-Text_and_spaces">trim spaces around template actions</a>,
|
||||
which can make template definitions more readable.
|
||||
A minus sign at the beginning of an action says to trim space before the action,
|
||||
and a minus sign at the end of an action says to trim space after the action.
|
||||
For example, the template
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
{{"{{"}}23 -}}
|
||||
<
|
||||
{{"{{"}}- 45}}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
formats as <code>23<45</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Second, the new <a href="/pkg/text/template/#hdr-Actions"><code>{{"{{"}}block}}</code> action</a>,
|
||||
combined with allowing redefinition of named templates,
|
||||
provides a simple way to define pieces of a template that
|
||||
can be replaced in different instantiations.
|
||||
There is <a href="/pkg/text/template/#example_Template_block">an example</a>
|
||||
in the <code>text/template</code> package that demonstrates this new feature.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/archive/tar/"><code>archive/tar</code></a> package's
|
||||
implementation corrects many bugs in rare corner cases of the file format.
|
||||
One visible change is that the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/tar/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> type's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/tar/#Reader.Read"><code>Read</code></a> method
|
||||
now presents the content of special file types as being empty,
|
||||
returning <code>io.EOF</code> immediately.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/archive/zip/"><code>archive/zip</code></a> package, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> type now has a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Reader.RegisterDecompressor"><code>RegisterDecompressor</code></a> method,
|
||||
and the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Writer"><code>Writer</code></a> type now has a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Writer.RegisterCompressor"><code>RegisterCompressor</code></a> method,
|
||||
enabling control over compression options for individual zip files.
|
||||
These take precedence over the pre-existing global
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#RegisterDecompressor"><code>RegisterDecompressor</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#RegisterCompressor"><code>RegisterCompressor</code></a> functions.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/bufio/"><code>bufio</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/bufio/#Scanner"><code>Scanner</code></a> type now has a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/bufio/#Scanner.Buffer"><code>Buffer</code></a> method,
|
||||
to specify an initial buffer and maximum buffer size to use during scanning.
|
||||
This makes it possible, when needed, to scan tokens larger than
|
||||
<code>MaxScanTokenSize</code>.
|
||||
Also for the <code>Scanner</code>, the package now defines the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/bufio/#ErrFinalToken"><code>ErrFinalToken</code></a> error value, for use by
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/bufio/#SplitFunc">split functions</a> to abort processing or to return a final empty token.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/compress/flate/"><code>compress/flate</code></a> package
|
||||
has deprecated its
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/flate/#ReadError"><code>ReadError</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/flate/#WriteError"><code>WriteError</code></a> error implementations.
|
||||
In Go 1.5 they were only rarely returned when an error was encountered;
|
||||
now they are never returned, although they remain defined for compatibility.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/compress/flate/"><code>compress/flate</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/gzip/"><code>compress/gzip</code></a>, and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/compress/zlib/"><code>compress/zlib</code></a> packages
|
||||
now report
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/#ErrUnexpectedEOF"><code>io.ErrUnexpectedEOF</code></a> for truncated input streams, instead of
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/#EOF"><code>io.EOF</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/cipher/"><code>crypto/cipher</code></a> package now
|
||||
overwrites the destination buffer in the event of a GCM decryption failure.
|
||||
This is to allow the AESNI code to avoid using a temporary buffer.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/"><code>crypto/tls</code></a> package
|
||||
has a variety of minor changes.
|
||||
It now allows
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Listen"><code>Listen</code></a>
|
||||
to succeed when the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config"><code>Config</code></a>
|
||||
has a nil <code>Certificates</code>, as long as the <code>GetCertificate</code> callback is set,
|
||||
it adds support for RSA with AES-GCM cipher suites,
|
||||
and
|
||||
it adds a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#RecordHeaderError"><code>RecordHeaderError</code></a>
|
||||
to allow clients (in particular, the <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package)
|
||||
to report a better error when attempting a TLS connection to a non-TLS server.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/"><code>crypto/x509</code></a> package
|
||||
now permits certificates to contain negative serial numbers
|
||||
(technically an error, but unfortunately common in practice),
|
||||
and it defines a new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#InsecureAlgorithmError"><code>InsecureAlgorithmError</code></a>
|
||||
to give a better error message when rejecting a certificate
|
||||
signed with an insecure algorithm like MD5.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf"><code>debug/dwarf</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/debug/elf/"><code>debug/elf</code></a> packages
|
||||
together add support for compressed DWARF sections.
|
||||
User code needs no updating: the sections are decompressed automatically when read.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/debug/elf/"><code>debug/elf</code></a> package
|
||||
adds support for general compressed ELF sections.
|
||||
User code needs no updating: the sections are decompressed automatically when read.
|
||||
However, compressed
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#Section"><code>Sections</code></a> do not support random access:
|
||||
they have a nil <code>ReaderAt</code> field.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/"><code>encoding/asn1</code></a> package
|
||||
now exports
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#pkg-constants">tag and class constants</a>
|
||||
useful for advanced parsing of ASN.1 structures.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/"><code>encoding/asn1</code></a> package,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a> now rejects various non-standard integer and length encodings.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/base64"><code>encoding/base64</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/base64/#Decoder"><code>Decoder</code></a> has been fixed
|
||||
to process the final bytes of its input. Previously it processed as many four-byte tokens as
|
||||
possible but ignored the remainder, up to three bytes.
|
||||
The <code>Decoder</code> therefore now handles inputs in unpadded encodings (like
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/base64/#RawURLEncoding">RawURLEncoding</a>) correctly,
|
||||
but it also rejects inputs in padded encodings that are truncated or end with invalid bytes,
|
||||
such as trailing spaces.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/"><code>encoding/json</code></a> package
|
||||
now checks the syntax of a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Number"><code>Number</code></a>
|
||||
before marshaling it, requiring that it conforms to the JSON specification for numeric values.
|
||||
As in previous releases, the zero <code>Number</code> (an empty string) is marshaled as a literal 0 (zero).
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/"><code>encoding/xml</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Marshal"><code>Marshal</code></a>
|
||||
function now supports a <code>cdata</code> attribute, such as <code>chardata</code>
|
||||
but encoding its argument in one or more <code><![CDATA[ ... ]]></code> tags.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/"><code>encoding/xml</code></a> package,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Decoder"><code>Decoder</code></a>'s
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Decoder.Token"><code>Token</code></a> method
|
||||
now reports an error when encountering EOF before seeing all open tags closed,
|
||||
consistent with its general requirement that tags in the input be properly matched.
|
||||
To avoid that requirement, use
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Decoder.RawToken"><code>RawToken</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/fmt/"><code>fmt</code></a> package now allows
|
||||
any integer type as an argument to
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/fmt/#Printf"><code>Printf</code></a>'s <code>*</code> width and precision specification.
|
||||
In previous releases, the argument to <code>*</code> was required to have type <code>int</code>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/fmt/"><code>fmt</code></a> package,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/fmt/#Scanf"><code>Scanf</code></a> can now scan hexadecimal strings using %X, as an alias for %x.
|
||||
Both formats accept any mix of upper- and lower-case hexadecimal.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/image/"><code>image</code></a>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/color/"><code>image/color</code></a> packages
|
||||
add
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/#NYCbCrA"><code>NYCbCrA</code></a>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/image/color/#NYCbCrA"><code>NYCbCrA</code></a>
|
||||
types, to support Y'CbCr images with non-premultiplied alpha.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/io/"><code>io</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/#MultiWriter"><code>MultiWriter</code></a>
|
||||
implementation now implements a <code>WriteString</code> method,
|
||||
for use by
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/io/#WriteString"><code>WriteString</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/math/big/"><code>math/big</code></a> package,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int"><code>Int</code></a> adds
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int.Append"><code>Append</code></a>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int.Text"><code>Text</code></a>
|
||||
methods to give more control over printing.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/math/big/"><code>math/big</code></a> package,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Float"><code>Float</code></a> now implements
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextMarshaler"><code>encoding.TextMarshaler</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextUnmarshaler"><code>encoding.TextUnmarshaler</code></a>,
|
||||
allowing it to be serialized in a natural form by the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/"><code>encoding/json</code></a> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/"><code>encoding/xml</code></a> packages.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/math/big/"><code>math/big</code></a> package,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Float"><code>Float</code></a>'s
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Float.Append"><code>Append</code></a> method now supports the special precision argument -1.
|
||||
As in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#ParseFloat"><code>strconv.ParseFloat</code></a>,
|
||||
precision -1 means to use the smallest number of digits necessary such that
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Float.Parse"><code>Parse</code></a>
|
||||
reading the result into a <code>Float</code> of the same precision
|
||||
will yield the original value.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/math/rand/"><code>math/rand</code></a> package
|
||||
adds a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/rand/#Read"><code>Read</code></a>
|
||||
function, and likewise
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/rand/#Rand"><code>Rand</code></a> adds a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/math/rand/#Rand.Read"><code>Read</code></a> method.
|
||||
These make it easier to generate pseudorandom test data.
|
||||
Note that, like the rest of the package,
|
||||
these should not be used in cryptographic settings;
|
||||
for such purposes, use the <a href="/pkg/crypto/rand/"><code>crypto/rand</code></a> package instead.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/"><code>net</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#ParseMAC"><code>ParseMAC</code></a> function now accepts 20-byte IP-over-InfiniBand (IPoIB) link-layer addresses.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/net/"><code>net</code></a> package,
|
||||
there have been a few changes to DNS lookups.
|
||||
First, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#DNSError"><code>DNSError</code></a> error implementation now implements
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Error"><code>Error</code></a>,
|
||||
and in particular its new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#DNSError.IsTemporary"><code>IsTemporary</code></a>
|
||||
method returns true for DNS server errors.
|
||||
Second, DNS lookup functions such as
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#LookupAddr"><code>LookupAddr</code></a>
|
||||
now return rooted domain names (with a trailing dot)
|
||||
on Plan 9 and Windows, to match the behavior of Go on Unix systems.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package has
|
||||
a number of minor additions beyond the HTTP/2 support already discussed.
|
||||
First, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#FileServer"><code>FileServer</code></a> now sorts its generated directory listings by file name.
|
||||
Second, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ServeFile"><code>ServeFile</code></a> function now refuses to serve a result
|
||||
if the request's URL path contains “..” (dot-dot) as a path element.
|
||||
Programs should typically use <code>FileServer</code> and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Dir"><code>Dir</code></a>
|
||||
instead of calling <code>ServeFile</code> directly.
|
||||
Programs that need to serve file content in response to requests for URLs containing dot-dot can
|
||||
still call <a href="/pkg/net/http/#ServeContent"><code>ServeContent</code></a>.
|
||||
Third, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Client"><code>Client</code></a> now allows user code to set the
|
||||
<code>Expect:</code> <code>100-continue</code> header (see
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport.ExpectContinueTimeout</code></a>).
|
||||
Fourth, there are
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#pkg-constants">five new error codes</a>:
|
||||
<code>StatusPreconditionRequired</code> (428),
|
||||
<code>StatusTooManyRequests</code> (429),
|
||||
<code>StatusRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge</code> (431), and
|
||||
<code>StatusNetworkAuthenticationRequired</code> (511) from RFC 6585,
|
||||
as well as the recently-approved
|
||||
<code>StatusUnavailableForLegalReasons</code> (451).
|
||||
Fifth, the implementation and documentation of
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#CloseNotifier"><code>CloseNotifier</code></a>
|
||||
has been substantially changed.
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Hijacker"><code>Hijacker</code></a>
|
||||
interface now works correctly on connections that have previously
|
||||
been used with <code>CloseNotifier</code>.
|
||||
The documentation now describes when <code>CloseNotifier</code>
|
||||
is expected to work.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package,
|
||||
there are a few changes related to the handling of a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Request"><code>Request</code></a> data structure with its <code>Method</code> field set to the empty string.
|
||||
An empty <code>Method</code> field has always been documented as an alias for <code>"GET"</code>
|
||||
and it remains so.
|
||||
However, Go 1.6 fixes a few routines that did not treat an empty
|
||||
<code>Method</code> the same as an explicit <code>"GET"</code>.
|
||||
Most notably, in previous releases
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Client"><code>Client</code></a> followed redirects only with
|
||||
<code>Method</code> set explicitly to <code>"GET"</code>;
|
||||
in Go 1.6 <code>Client</code> also follows redirects for the empty <code>Method</code>.
|
||||
Finally,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#NewRequest"><code>NewRequest</code></a> accepts a <code>method</code> argument that has not been
|
||||
documented as allowed to be empty.
|
||||
In past releases, passing an empty <code>method</code> argument resulted
|
||||
in a <code>Request</code> with an empty <code>Method</code> field.
|
||||
In Go 1.6, the resulting <code>Request</code> always has an initialized
|
||||
<code>Method</code> field: if its argument is an empty string, <code>NewRequest</code>
|
||||
sets the <code>Method</code> field in the returned <code>Request</code> to <code>"GET"</code>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/"><code>net/http/httptest</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/#ResponseRecorder"><code>ResponseRecorder</code></a> now initializes a default Content-Type header
|
||||
using the same content-sniffing algorithm as in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server"><code>http.Server</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/net/url/"><code>net/url</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/url/#Parse"><code>Parse</code></a> is now stricter and more spec-compliant regarding the parsing
|
||||
of host names.
|
||||
For example, spaces in the host name are no longer accepted.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Also in the <a href="/pkg/net/url/"><code>net/url</code></a> package,
|
||||
the <a href="/pkg/net/url/#Error"><code>Error</code></a> type now implements
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Error"><code>net.Error</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/os/"><code>os</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#IsExist"><code>IsExist</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#IsNotExist"><code>IsNotExist</code></a>,
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#IsPermission"><code>IsPermission</code></a>
|
||||
now return correct results when inquiring about an
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/#SyscallError"><code>SyscallError</code></a>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
On Unix-like systems, when a write
|
||||
to <a href="/pkg/os/#pkg-variables"><code>os.Stdout</code>
|
||||
or <code>os.Stderr</code></a> (more precisely, an <code>os.File</code>
|
||||
opened for file descriptor 1 or 2) fails due to a broken pipe error,
|
||||
the program will raise a <code>SIGPIPE</code> signal.
|
||||
By default this will cause the program to exit; this may be changed by
|
||||
calling the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/signal"><code>os/signal</code></a>
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/signal/#Notify"><code>Notify</code></a> function
|
||||
for <code>syscall.SIGPIPE</code>.
|
||||
A write to a broken pipe on a file descriptor other 1 or 2 will simply
|
||||
return <code>syscall.EPIPE</code> (possibly wrapped in
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os#PathError"><code>os.PathError</code></a>
|
||||
and/or <a href="/pkg/os#SyscallError"><code>os.SyscallError</code></a>)
|
||||
to the caller.
|
||||
The old behavior of raising an uncatchable <code>SIGPIPE</code> signal
|
||||
after 10 consecutive writes to a broken pipe no longer occurs.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/os/exec/"><code>os/exec</code></a> package,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/exec/#Cmd"><code>Cmd</code></a>'s
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/exec/#Cmd.Output"><code>Output</code></a> method continues to return an
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/exec/#ExitError"><code>ExitError</code></a> when a command exits with an unsuccessful status.
|
||||
If standard error would otherwise have been discarded,
|
||||
the returned <code>ExitError</code> now holds a prefix and suffix
|
||||
(currently 32 kB) of the failed command's standard error output,
|
||||
for debugging or for inclusion in error messages.
|
||||
The <code>ExitError</code>'s
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/os/exec/#ExitError.String"><code>String</code></a>
|
||||
method does not show the captured standard error;
|
||||
programs must retrieve it from the data structure
|
||||
separately.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
On Windows, the <a href="/pkg/path/filepath/"><code>path/filepath</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/path/filepath/#Join"><code>Join</code></a> function now correctly handles the case when the base is a relative drive path.
|
||||
For example, <code>Join(`c:`,</code> <code>`a`)</code> now
|
||||
returns <code>`c:a`</code> instead of <code>`c:\a`</code> as in past releases.
|
||||
This may affect code that expects the incorrect result.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/regexp/"><code>regexp</code></a> package,
|
||||
the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/regexp/#Regexp"><code>Regexp</code></a> type has always been safe for use by
|
||||
concurrent goroutines.
|
||||
It uses a <a href="/pkg/sync/#Mutex"><code>sync.Mutex</code></a> to protect
|
||||
a cache of scratch spaces used during regular expression searches.
|
||||
Some high-concurrency servers using the same <code>Regexp</code> from many goroutines
|
||||
have seen degraded performance due to contention on that mutex.
|
||||
To help such servers, <code>Regexp</code> now has a
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/regexp/#Regexp.Copy"><code>Copy</code></a> method,
|
||||
which makes a copy of a <code>Regexp</code> that shares most of the structure
|
||||
of the original but has its own scratch space cache.
|
||||
Two goroutines can use different copies of a <code>Regexp</code>
|
||||
without mutex contention.
|
||||
A copy does have additional space overhead, so <code>Copy</code>
|
||||
should only be used when contention has been observed.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/strconv/"><code>strconv</code></a> package adds
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#IsGraphic"><code>IsGraphic</code></a>,
|
||||
similar to <a href="/pkg/strconv/#IsPrint"><code>IsPrint</code></a>.
|
||||
It also adds
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#QuoteToGraphic"><code>QuoteToGraphic</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#QuoteRuneToGraphic"><code>QuoteRuneToGraphic</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#AppendQuoteToGraphic"><code>AppendQuoteToGraphic</code></a>,
|
||||
and
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#AppendQuoteRuneToGraphic"><code>AppendQuoteRuneToGraphic</code></a>,
|
||||
analogous to
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#QuoteToASCII"><code>QuoteToASCII</code></a>,
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#QuoteRuneToASCII"><code>QuoteRuneToASCII</code></a>,
|
||||
and so on.
|
||||
The <code>ASCII</code> family escapes all space characters except ASCII space (U+0020).
|
||||
In contrast, the <code>Graphic</code> family does not escape any Unicode space characters (category Zs).
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
In the <a href="/pkg/testing/"><code>testing</code></a> package,
|
||||
when a test calls
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/testing/#T.Parallel">t.Parallel</a>,
|
||||
that test is paused until all non-parallel tests complete, and then
|
||||
that test continues execution with all other parallel tests.
|
||||
Go 1.6 changes the time reported for such a test:
|
||||
previously the time counted only the parallel execution,
|
||||
but now it also counts the time from the start of testing
|
||||
until the call to <code>t.Parallel</code>.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/text/template/"><code>text/template</code></a> package
|
||||
contains two minor changes, in addition to the <a href="#template">major changes</a>
|
||||
described above.
|
||||
First, it adds a new
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/text/template/#ExecError"><code>ExecError</code></a> type
|
||||
returned for any error during
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/text/template/#Template.Execute"><code>Execute</code></a>
|
||||
that does not originate in a <code>Write</code> to the underlying writer.
|
||||
Callers can distinguish template usage errors from I/O errors by checking for
|
||||
<code>ExecError</code>.
|
||||
Second, the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/text/template/#Template.Funcs"><code>Funcs</code></a> method
|
||||
now checks that the names used as keys in the
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/text/template/#FuncMap"><code>FuncMap</code></a>
|
||||
are identifiers that can appear in a template function invocation.
|
||||
If not, <code>Funcs</code> panics.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/time/"><code>time</code></a> package's
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/time/#Parse"><code>Parse</code></a> function has always rejected any day of month larger than 31,
|
||||
such as January 32.
|
||||
In Go 1.6, <code>Parse</code> now also rejects February 29 in non-leap years,
|
||||
February 30, February 31, April 31, June 31, September 31, and November 31.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
1281
doc/go1.7.html
1281
doc/go1.7.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
1666
doc/go1.8.html
1666
doc/go1.8.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
1024
doc/go1.9.html
1024
doc/go1.9.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
2038
doc/go1.html
2038
doc/go1.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
|
|
@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "Go 1 and the Future of Go Programs",
|
||||
"Path": "/doc/go1compat"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The release of Go version 1, Go 1 for short, is a major milestone
|
||||
in the development of the language. Go 1 is a stable platform for
|
||||
the growth of programs and projects written in Go.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Go 1 defines two things: first, the specification of the language;
|
||||
and second, the specification of a set of core APIs, the "standard
|
||||
packages" of the Go library. The Go 1 release includes their
|
||||
implementation in the form of two compiler suites (gc and gccgo),
|
||||
and the core libraries themselves.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
It is intended that programs written to the Go 1 specification will
|
||||
continue to compile and run correctly, unchanged, over the lifetime
|
||||
of that specification. At some indefinite point, a Go 2 specification
|
||||
may arise, but until that time, Go programs that work today should
|
||||
continue to work even as future "point" releases of Go 1 arise (Go
|
||||
1.1, Go 1.2, etc.).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Compatibility is at the source level. Binary compatibility for
|
||||
compiled packages is not guaranteed between releases. After a point
|
||||
release, Go source will need to be recompiled to link against the
|
||||
new release.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The APIs may grow, acquiring new packages and features, but not in
|
||||
a way that breaks existing Go 1 code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="expectations">Expectations</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Although we expect that the vast majority of programs will maintain
|
||||
this compatibility over time, it is impossible to guarantee that
|
||||
no future change will break any program. This document is an attempt
|
||||
to set expectations for the compatibility of Go 1 software in the
|
||||
future. There are a number of ways in which a program that compiles
|
||||
and runs today may fail to do so after a future point release. They
|
||||
are all unlikely but worth recording.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Security. A security issue in the specification or implementation
|
||||
may come to light whose resolution requires breaking compatibility.
|
||||
We reserve the right to address such security issues.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Unspecified behavior. The Go specification tries to be explicit
|
||||
about most properties of the language, but there are some aspects
|
||||
that are undefined. Programs that depend on such unspecified behavior
|
||||
may break in future releases.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Specification errors. If it becomes necessary to address an
|
||||
inconsistency or incompleteness in the specification, resolving the
|
||||
issue could affect the meaning or legality of existing programs.
|
||||
We reserve the right to address such issues, including updating the
|
||||
implementations. Except for security issues, no incompatible changes
|
||||
to the specification would be made.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Bugs. If a compiler or library has a bug that violates the
|
||||
specification, a program that depends on the buggy behavior may
|
||||
break if the bug is fixed. We reserve the right to fix such bugs.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Struct literals. For the addition of features in later point
|
||||
releases, it may be necessary to add fields to exported structs in
|
||||
the API. Code that uses unkeyed struct literals (such as pkg.T{3,
|
||||
"x"}) to create values of these types would fail to compile after
|
||||
such a change. However, code that uses keyed literals (pkg.T{A:
|
||||
3, B: "x"}) will continue to compile after such a change. We will
|
||||
update such data structures in a way that allows keyed struct
|
||||
literals to remain compatible, although unkeyed literals may fail
|
||||
to compile. (There are also more intricate cases involving nested
|
||||
data structures or interfaces, but they have the same resolution.)
|
||||
We therefore recommend that composite literals whose type is defined
|
||||
in a separate package should use the keyed notation.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Methods. As with struct fields, it may be necessary to add methods
|
||||
to types.
|
||||
Under some circumstances, such as when the type is embedded in
|
||||
a struct along with another type,
|
||||
the addition of the new method may break
|
||||
the struct by creating a conflict with an existing method of the other
|
||||
embedded type.
|
||||
We cannot protect against this rare case and do not guarantee compatibility
|
||||
should it arise.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Dot imports. If a program imports a standard package
|
||||
using <code>import . "path"</code>, additional names defined in the
|
||||
imported package in future releases may conflict with other names
|
||||
defined in the program. We do not recommend the use of <code>import .</code>
|
||||
outside of tests, and using it may cause a program to fail
|
||||
to compile in future releases.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
Use of package <code>unsafe</code>. Packages that import
|
||||
<a href="/pkg/unsafe/"><code>unsafe</code></a>
|
||||
may depend on internal properties of the Go implementation.
|
||||
We reserve the right to make changes to the implementation
|
||||
that may break such programs.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Of course, for all of these possibilities, should they arise, we
|
||||
would endeavor whenever feasible to update the specification,
|
||||
compilers, or libraries without affecting existing code.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
These same considerations apply to successive point releases. For
|
||||
instance, code that runs under Go 1.2 should be compatible with Go
|
||||
1.2.1, Go 1.3, Go 1.4, etc., although not necessarily with Go 1.1
|
||||
since it may use features added only in Go 1.2
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Features added between releases, available in the source repository
|
||||
but not part of the numbered binary releases, are under active
|
||||
development. No promise of compatibility is made for software using
|
||||
such features until they have been released.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Finally, although it is not a correctness issue, it is possible
|
||||
that the performance of a program may be affected by
|
||||
changes in the implementation of the compilers or libraries upon
|
||||
which it depends.
|
||||
No guarantee can be made about the performance of a
|
||||
given program between releases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Although these expectations apply to Go 1 itself, we hope similar
|
||||
considerations would be made for the development of externally
|
||||
developed software based on Go 1.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subrepos">Sub-repositories</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Code in sub-repositories of the main go tree, such as
|
||||
<a href="//golang.org/x/net">golang.org/x/net</a>,
|
||||
may be developed under
|
||||
looser compatibility requirements. However, the sub-repositories
|
||||
will be tagged as appropriate to identify versions that are compatible
|
||||
with the Go 1 point releases.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="operating_systems">Operating systems</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
It is impossible to guarantee long-term compatibility with operating
|
||||
system interfaces, which are changed by outside parties.
|
||||
The <a href="/pkg/syscall/"><code>syscall</code></a> package
|
||||
is therefore outside the purview of the guarantees made here.
|
||||
As of Go version 1.4, the <code>syscall</code> package is frozen.
|
||||
Any evolution of the system call interface must be supported elsewhere,
|
||||
such as in the
|
||||
<a href="//golang.org/x/sys">go.sys</a> subrepository.
|
||||
For details and background, see
|
||||
<a href="//golang.org/s/go1.4-syscall">this document</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Finally, the Go toolchain (compilers, linkers, build tools, and so
|
||||
on) is under active development and may change behavior. This
|
||||
means, for instance, that scripts that depend on the location and
|
||||
properties of the tools may be broken by a point release.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
These caveats aside, we believe that Go 1 will be a firm foundation
|
||||
for the development of Go and its ecosystem.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
2475
doc/go_faq.html
2475
doc/go_faq.html
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
<!--{
|
||||
"Title": "The Go Programming Language Specification",
|
||||
"Subtitle": "Version of Oct 7, 2020",
|
||||
"Subtitle": "Version of Jul 1, 2021",
|
||||
"Path": "/ref/spec"
|
||||
}-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ The underlying type of <code>[]B1</code>, <code>B3</code>, and <code>B4</code> i
|
|||
|
||||
<h3 id="Method_sets">Method sets</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A type may have a <i>method set</i> associated with it.
|
||||
A type has a (possibly empty) <i>method set</i> associated with it.
|
||||
The method set of an <a href="#Interface_types">interface type</a> is its interface.
|
||||
The method set of any other type <code>T</code> consists of all
|
||||
<a href="#Method_declarations">methods</a> declared with receiver type <code>T</code>.
|
||||
|
|
@ -3400,7 +3400,7 @@ A type assertion used in an <a href="#Assignments">assignment</a> or initializat
|
|||
v, ok = x.(T)
|
||||
v, ok := x.(T)
|
||||
var v, ok = x.(T)
|
||||
var v, ok T1 = x.(T)
|
||||
var v, ok interface{} = x.(T) // dynamic types of v and ok are T and bool
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -3446,7 +3446,7 @@ In a function call, the function value and arguments are evaluated in
|
|||
After they are evaluated, the parameters of the call are passed by value to the function
|
||||
and the called function begins execution.
|
||||
The return parameters of the function are passed by value
|
||||
back to the calling function when the function returns.
|
||||
back to the caller when the function returns.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -3532,9 +3532,9 @@ within <code>Greeting</code>, <code>who</code> will have the value
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If the final argument is assignable to a slice type <code>[]T</code>, it is
|
||||
passed unchanged as the value for a <code>...T</code> parameter if the argument
|
||||
is followed by <code>...</code>. In this case no new slice is created.
|
||||
If the final argument is assignable to a slice type <code>[]T</code> and
|
||||
is followed by <code>...</code>, it is passed unchanged as the value
|
||||
for a <code>...T</code> parameter. In this case no new slice is created.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -3681,8 +3681,8 @@ The bitwise logical and shift operators apply to integers only.
|
|||
^ bitwise XOR integers
|
||||
&^ bit clear (AND NOT) integers
|
||||
|
||||
<< left shift integer << unsigned integer
|
||||
>> right shift integer >> unsigned integer
|
||||
<< left shift integer << integer >= 0
|
||||
>> right shift integer >> integer >= 0
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -4164,6 +4164,10 @@ in any of these cases:
|
|||
<li>
|
||||
<code>x</code> is a string and <code>T</code> is a slice of bytes or runes.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<code>x</code> is a slice, <code>T</code> is a pointer to an array,
|
||||
and the slice and array types have <a href="#Type_identity">identical</a> element types.
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -4314,6 +4318,24 @@ MyRunes("白鵬翔") // []rune{0x767d, 0x9d6c, 0x7fd4}
|
|||
</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="Conversions_from_slice_to_array_pointer">Conversions from slice to array pointer</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Converting a slice to an array pointer yields a pointer to the underlying array of the slice.
|
||||
If the <a href="#Length_and_capacity">length</a> of the slice is less than the length of the array,
|
||||
a <a href="#Run_time_panics">run-time panic</a> occurs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
s := make([]byte, 2, 4)
|
||||
s0 := (*[0]byte)(s) // s0 != nil
|
||||
s2 := (*[2]byte)(s) // &s2[0] == &s[0]
|
||||
s4 := (*[4]byte)(s) // panics: len([4]byte) > len(s)
|
||||
|
||||
var t []string
|
||||
t0 := (*[0]string)(t) // t0 == nil
|
||||
t1 := (*[1]string)(t) // panics: len([1]string) > len(s)
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Constant_expressions">Constant expressions</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -4648,7 +4670,7 @@ The following built-in functions are not permitted in statement context:
|
|||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
append cap complex imag len make new real
|
||||
unsafe.Alignof unsafe.Offsetof unsafe.Sizeof
|
||||
unsafe.Add unsafe.Alignof unsafe.Offsetof unsafe.Sizeof unsafe.Slice
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
|
|
@ -4887,7 +4909,7 @@ if x := f(); x < y {
|
|||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
"Switch" statements provide multi-way execution.
|
||||
An expression or type specifier is compared to the "cases"
|
||||
An expression or type is compared to the "cases"
|
||||
inside the "switch" to determine which branch
|
||||
to execute.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -4931,9 +4953,9 @@ ExprSwitchCase = "case" ExpressionList | "default" .
|
|||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
If the switch expression evaluates to an untyped constant, it is first implicitly
|
||||
<a href="#Conversions">converted</a> to its <a href="#Constants">default type</a>;
|
||||
if it is an untyped boolean value, it is first implicitly converted to type <code>bool</code>.
|
||||
<a href="#Conversions">converted</a> to its <a href="#Constants">default type</a>.
|
||||
The predeclared untyped value <code>nil</code> cannot be used as a switch expression.
|
||||
The switch expression type must be <a href="#Comparison_operators">comparable</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -4998,7 +5020,7 @@ floating point, or string constants in case expressions.
|
|||
A type switch compares types rather than values. It is otherwise similar
|
||||
to an expression switch. It is marked by a special switch expression that
|
||||
has the form of a <a href="#Type_assertions">type assertion</a>
|
||||
using the reserved word <code>type</code> rather than an actual type:
|
||||
using the keyword <code>type</code> rather than an actual type:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
|
|
@ -6689,6 +6711,10 @@ type Pointer *ArbitraryType
|
|||
func Alignof(variable ArbitraryType) uintptr
|
||||
func Offsetof(selector ArbitraryType) uintptr
|
||||
func Sizeof(variable ArbitraryType) uintptr
|
||||
|
||||
type IntegerType int // shorthand for an integer type; it is not a real type
|
||||
func Add(ptr Pointer, len IntegerType) Pointer
|
||||
func Slice(ptr *ArbitraryType, len IntegerType) []ArbitraryType
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -6745,6 +6771,40 @@ Calls to <code>Alignof</code>, <code>Offsetof</code>, and
|
|||
<code>Sizeof</code> are compile-time constant expressions of type <code>uintptr</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function <code>Add</code> adds <code>len</code> to <code>ptr</code>
|
||||
and returns the updated pointer <code>unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(ptr) + uintptr(len))</code>.
|
||||
The <code>len</code> argument must be of integer type or an untyped <a href="#Constants">constant</a>.
|
||||
A constant <code>len</code> argument must be <a href="#Representability">representable</a> by a value of type <code>int</code>;
|
||||
if it is an untyped constant it is given type <code>int</code>.
|
||||
The rules for <a href="/pkg/unsafe#Pointer">valid uses</a> of <code>Pointer</code> still apply.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The function <code>Slice</code> returns a slice whose underlying array starts at <code>ptr</code>
|
||||
and whose length and capacity are <code>len</code>.
|
||||
<code>Slice(ptr, len)</code> is equivalent to
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
(*[len]ArbitraryType)(unsafe.Pointer(ptr))[:]
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
except that, as a special case, if <code>ptr</code>
|
||||
is <code>nil</code> and <code>len</code> is zero,
|
||||
<code>Slice</code> returns <code>nil</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The <code>len</code> argument must be of integer type or an untyped <a href="#Constants">constant</a>.
|
||||
A constant <code>len</code> argument must be non-negative and <a href="#Representability">representable</a> by a value of type <code>int</code>;
|
||||
if it is an untyped constant it is given type <code>int</code>.
|
||||
At run time, if <code>len</code> is negative,
|
||||
or if <code>ptr</code> is <code>nil</code> and <code>len</code> is not zero,
|
||||
a <a href="#Run_time_panics">run-time panic</a> occurs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="Size_and_alignment_guarantees">Size and alignment guarantees</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
|||
The Go gopher was designed by Renee French. (http://reneefrench.blogspot.com/)
|
||||
The design is licensed under the Creative Commons 3.0 Attributions license.
|
||||
Read this article for more details: https://blog.golang.org/gopher
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 133 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 158 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 2.1 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 199 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 270 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 8.2 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 15 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 26 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 41 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 4.3 KiB |
|
|
@ -1,238 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
|
||||
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
|
||||
|
||||
<svg
|
||||
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
|
||||
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
|
||||
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
|
||||
xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
|
||||
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
|
||||
xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
|
||||
xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
|
||||
width="32"
|
||||
height="32"
|
||||
viewBox="0 0 32 32.000001"
|
||||
id="svg4416"
|
||||
version="1.1"
|
||||
inkscape:version="0.91 r13725"
|
||||
sodipodi:docname="favicon.svg"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename="../../favicon.png"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90">
|
||||
<defs
|
||||
id="defs4418" />
|
||||
<sodipodi:namedview
|
||||
id="base"
|
||||
pagecolor="#ffffff"
|
||||
bordercolor="#666666"
|
||||
borderopacity="1.0"
|
||||
inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
|
||||
inkscape:pageshadow="2"
|
||||
inkscape:zoom="15.839192"
|
||||
inkscape:cx="17.966652"
|
||||
inkscape:cy="9.2991824"
|
||||
inkscape:document-units="px"
|
||||
inkscape:current-layer="layer1"
|
||||
showgrid="true"
|
||||
units="px"
|
||||
inkscape:snap-bbox="true"
|
||||
inkscape:snap-bbox-edge-midpoints="false"
|
||||
inkscape:bbox-nodes="true"
|
||||
showguides="false"
|
||||
inkscape:window-width="1920"
|
||||
inkscape:window-height="1018"
|
||||
inkscape:window-x="1912"
|
||||
inkscape:window-y="-8"
|
||||
inkscape:window-maximized="1"
|
||||
inkscape:object-nodes="true"
|
||||
inkscape:snap-smooth-nodes="true"
|
||||
inkscape:snap-global="false">
|
||||
<inkscape:grid
|
||||
type="xygrid"
|
||||
id="grid5148" />
|
||||
</sodipodi:namedview>
|
||||
<metadata
|
||||
id="metadata4421">
|
||||
<rdf:RDF>
|
||||
<cc:Work
|
||||
rdf:about="">
|
||||
<dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
|
||||
<dc:type
|
||||
rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" />
|
||||
<dc:title />
|
||||
</cc:Work>
|
||||
</rdf:RDF>
|
||||
</metadata>
|
||||
<g
|
||||
inkscape:label="icon"
|
||||
inkscape:groupmode="layer"
|
||||
id="layer1"
|
||||
transform="translate(0,-1020.3622)">
|
||||
<ellipse
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#384e54;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
id="ellipse4216"
|
||||
cx="-907.35657"
|
||||
cy="479.90009"
|
||||
rx="3.5793996"
|
||||
ry="3.8207953"
|
||||
transform="matrix(-0.49169095,-0.87076978,-0.87076978,0.49169095,0,0)"
|
||||
inkscape:transform-center-x="0.67794294"
|
||||
inkscape:transform-center-y="-2.3634048" />
|
||||
<ellipse
|
||||
inkscape:transform-center-y="-2.3633882"
|
||||
inkscape:transform-center-x="-0.67793718"
|
||||
transform="matrix(0.49169095,-0.87076978,0.87076978,0.49169095,0,0)"
|
||||
ry="3.8207953"
|
||||
rx="3.5793996"
|
||||
cy="507.8461"
|
||||
cx="-891.57654"
|
||||
id="ellipse4463"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#384e54;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#384e54;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
d="m 16.091693,1021.3642 c -1.105749,0.01 -2.210341,0.049 -3.31609,0.09 C 6.8422558,1021.6738 2,1026.3942 2,1032.3622 c 0,2.9786 0,13 0,20 l 28,0 c 0,-8 0,-16 0,-20 0,-5.9683 -4.667345,-10.4912 -10.59023,-10.908 -1.10575,-0.078 -2.212328,-0.099 -3.318077,-0.09 z"
|
||||
id="path4465"
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="ccsccscc" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
inkscape:transform-center-y="-1.3604657"
|
||||
inkscape:transform-center-x="-0.98424303"
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="sssssss"
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
id="path4469"
|
||||
d="m 4.6078867,1025.0462 c 0.459564,0.2595 1.818262,1.2013 1.980983,1.648 0.183401,0.5035 0.159385,1.0657 -0.114614,1.551 -0.346627,0.6138 -1.005341,0.9487 -1.696421,0.9365 -0.339886,-0.01 -1.720283,-0.6372 -2.042561,-0.8192 -0.97754,-0.5519 -1.350795,-1.7418 -0.833686,-2.6576 0.517109,-0.9158 1.728749,-1.2107 2.706299,-0.6587 z"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#76e1fe;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate" />
|
||||
<rect
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:0.32850246;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
id="rect4473"
|
||||
width="3.0866659"
|
||||
height="3.5313663"
|
||||
x="14.406213"
|
||||
y="1035.6842"
|
||||
ry="0.62426329" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#76e1fe;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
d="m 16,1023.3622 c -9,0 -12,3.7153 -12,9 l 0,20 24,0 c -0.04889,-7.3562 0,-18 0,-20 0,-5.2848 -3,-9 -12,-9 z"
|
||||
id="path4471"
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="zsccsz" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#76e1fe;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
d="m 27.074073,1025.0462 c -0.45957,0.2595 -1.818257,1.2013 -1.980979,1.648 -0.183401,0.5035 -0.159384,1.0657 0.114614,1.551 0.346627,0.6138 1.005335,0.9487 1.696415,0.9365 0.33988,-0.01 1.72029,-0.6372 2.04256,-0.8192 0.97754,-0.5519 1.35079,-1.7418 0.83369,-2.6576 -0.51711,-0.9158 -1.72876,-1.2107 -2.7063,-0.6587 z"
|
||||
id="path4481"
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="sssssss"
|
||||
inkscape:transform-center-x="0.98424094"
|
||||
inkscape:transform-center-y="-1.3604657" />
|
||||
<circle
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
id="circle4477"
|
||||
cx="21.175734"
|
||||
cy="1030.3542"
|
||||
r="4.6537542"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename=".\rect4485.png"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90" />
|
||||
<circle
|
||||
r="4.8316345"
|
||||
cy="1030.3542"
|
||||
cx="10.339486"
|
||||
id="circle4483"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename=".\rect4485.png"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90" />
|
||||
<rect
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename=".\rect4485.png"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:0.32941176;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
id="rect4246"
|
||||
width="3.6673687"
|
||||
height="4.1063409"
|
||||
x="14.115863"
|
||||
y="1035.9174"
|
||||
ry="0.72590536" />
|
||||
<rect
|
||||
ry="0.72590536"
|
||||
y="1035.2253"
|
||||
x="14.115863"
|
||||
height="4.1063409"
|
||||
width="3.6673687"
|
||||
id="rect4485"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#fffcfb;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename=".\rect4485.png"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:0.32941176;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
d="m 19.999735,1036.5289 c 0,0.838 -0.871228,1.2682 -2.144766,1.1659 -0.02366,0 -0.04795,-0.6004 -0.254147,-0.5832 -0.503669,0.042 -1.095902,-0.02 -1.685964,-0.02 -0.612939,0 -1.206342,0.1826 -1.68549,0.017 -0.110233,-0.038 -0.178298,0.5838 -0.261532,0.5816 -1.243685,-0.033 -2.078803,-0.3383 -2.078803,-1.1618 0,-1.2118 1.815635,-2.1941 4.055351,-2.1941 2.239704,0 4.055351,0.9823 4.055351,2.1941 z"
|
||||
id="path4487"
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="sssssssss"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename=".\rect4485.png"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="sssssssss"
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
id="path4489"
|
||||
d="m 19.977414,1035.7004 c 0,0.5685 -0.433659,0.8554 -1.138091,1.0001 -0.291933,0.06 -0.630371,0.096 -1.003719,0.1166 -0.56405,0.032 -1.207782,0.031 -1.89122,0.031 -0.672834,0 -1.307182,0 -1.864904,-0.029 -0.306268,-0.017 -0.589429,-0.043 -0.843164,-0.084 -0.813833,-0.1318 -1.324962,-0.417 -1.324962,-1.0344 0,-1.1601 1.805642,-2.1006 4.03303,-2.1006 2.227377,0 4.03303,0.9405 4.03303,2.1006 z"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#c38c74;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename=".\rect4485.png"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90" />
|
||||
<ellipse
|
||||
cy="1033.8501"
|
||||
cx="15.944382"
|
||||
id="ellipse4491"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#23201f;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
rx="2.0801733"
|
||||
ry="1.343747"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename=".\rect4485.png"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90" />
|
||||
<circle
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#171311;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
id="circle4493"
|
||||
cx="12.414201"
|
||||
cy="1030.3542"
|
||||
r="1.9630634"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename=".\rect4485.png"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90" />
|
||||
<circle
|
||||
r="1.9630634"
|
||||
cy="1030.3542"
|
||||
cx="23.110121"
|
||||
id="circle4495"
|
||||
style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#171311;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none;stroke-width:10;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
|
||||
inkscape:export-filename=".\rect4485.png"
|
||||
inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
|
||||
inkscape:export-ydpi="90" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="cc"
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
id="path4497"
|
||||
d="m 5.0055377,1027.2727 c -1.170435,-1.0835 -2.026973,-0.7721 -2.044172,-0.7463"
|
||||
style="display:inline;fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#384e54;stroke-width:0.39730874;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
style="display:inline;fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#384e54;stroke-width:0.39730874;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||
d="m 4.3852457,1026.9152 c -1.158557,0.036 -1.346704,0.6303 -1.33881,0.6523"
|
||||
id="path4499"
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
style="display:inline;fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#384e54;stroke-width:0.39730874;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||
d="m 26.630533,1027.1724 c 1.17043,-1.0835 2.02697,-0.7721 2.04417,-0.7463"
|
||||
id="path4501"
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
|
||||
<path
|
||||
sodipodi:nodetypes="cc"
|
||||
inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
|
||||
id="path4503"
|
||||
d="m 27.321773,1026.673 c 1.15856,0.036 1.3467,0.6302 1.3388,0.6522"
|
||||
style="display:inline;fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#384e54;stroke-width:0.39730874;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1" />
|
||||
</g>
|
||||
</svg>
|
||||
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 17 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 215 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 17 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 167 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 165 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 739 B |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 5.6 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 84 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 127 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 148 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 120 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 84 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 155 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 226 KiB |
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show more
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue